| transformation of presumptive precursors to frontalin and exo-brevicomin by bark beetles and west indian sugarcane weevil (coleoptera). | (z)-6-nonen-2-one (1) has recently been shown to be the biosynthetic precursor for the aggregation pheromone exo-brevicomin (2) in mountain pine beetle (mpb) males, dendroctonus ponderosae (hopkins). we tested the hypotheses that (1) 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one (3) is the biosynthetic precursor for the aggregation pheromone frontalin (4) in the spruce beetle (sb), dendroctonus rufipennis (kirby), and (2) that frontalin and exo-brevicomin are produced from 3 and 1, respectively, only by beetles that ... | 1996 | 8733625 |
| distinguishing ophiostoma ips and ophiostoma montium, two bark beetle-associated sapstain fungi. | two synonymous sapstain species, ophiostoma montium and ophiostoma ips, which are vectored by dendroctonus ponderosae and various bark beetles, respectively, were differentiated into separate species using growth and molecular characteristics. analysis of 32 isolates of the two species from different countries showed that o. ips was able to grow at 35 degrees c while o. montium was not. this growth-based differentiation was strongly supported by sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer ... | 2003 | 12770706 |
| leptographium longiclavatum sp. nov., a new species associated with the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae. | the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae, and its fungal associates are devastating the lodgepole pine forests in british columbia, canada. during our fungal survey, an unknown leptographium species has been consistently isolated from both d. ponderosae and infested lodgepole pine (pinus contorta var. latifolia). this leptographium species has similar morphology with the leptographium anamorph of ophiostoma clavigerum whose association with the d. ponderosae is well known. however, thor ... | 2005 | 16279410 |
| a test of high-dose verbenone for stand-level protection of lodgepole and whitebark pine from mountain pine beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae) attacks. | the efficacy of verbenone as a stand-level protectant against mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, attacks was tested in lodgepole and whitebark pine stands at five geographically separated sites, including three consecutive years at one site. forty and 20 high-dose pouches, with a verbenone emission rate up to 50 mg/d per pouch, were spaced in a grid pattern throughout 0.40-ha plots, replicated up to six times at each site. although the verbenone treatment did not prevent beet ... | 2005 | 16334331 |
| effectiveness of bifenthrin (onyx) and carbaryl (sevin sl) for protecting individual, high-value conifers from bark beetle attack (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae) in the western united states. | high-value trees, such as those located in residential, recreational, or administrative sites, are particularly susceptible to bark beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae) attack as a result of increased amounts of stress associated with drought, soil compaction, mechanical injury, or vandalism. tree losses in these unique environments generally have a substantial impact. the value of these individual trees, cost of removal, and loss of esthetics may justify protection until the main thru ... | 2006 | 17066800 |
| temperature determines symbiont abundance in a multipartite bark beetle-fungus ectosymbiosis. | in this study, we report evidence that temperature plays a key role in determining the relative abundance of two mutualistic fungi associated with an economically and ecologically important bark beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae. the symbiotic fungi possess different optimal temperature ranges. these differences determine which fungus is vectored by dispersing host beetles as temperatures fluctuate over a season. grosmannia clavigera is the predominant fungus carried by dispersing beetles during c ... | 2007 | 17264992 |
| temporal variation in mycophagy and prevalence of fungi associated with developmental stages of dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: curculionidae). | mycophagy by bark beetles is widespread. however, little is known regarding which developmental stages of bark beetles actually feed on fungi. to study this question, we sampled fungi associated with dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins (coleoptera: curculionidae) throughout development in naturally attacked trees. isolations of fungi were made from phloem adjacent to brood and from brood exoskeletons and guts. overall, the incidence of fungi with individual brood increased as brood development progr ... | 2007 | 17349118 |
| influences of secondary disturbances on lodgepole pine stand development in rocky mountain national park. | although high-severity fire is the primary type of disturbance shaping the structure of lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) stands in the southern rocky mountains, many post-fire stands are also affected by blowdown, low-severity surface fires, and/or outbreaks of mountain pine beetle (mpb; dendroctonus ponderosae). the ecological effects of these secondary disturbances are poorly understood but are potentially important in the context of managing for ecological restoration and fire hazard mitigatio ... | 2007 | 17913129 |
| dietary benefits of fungal associates to an eruptive herbivore: potential implications of multiple associates on host population dynamics. | we used the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) and its two fungal associates, grosmannia clavigera and ophiostoma montium, to study potential nutritional benefits of fungi to bark beetles. we tested for potential effects of feeding on phloem colonized by fungi on beetle performance in field and laboratory studies. the fungi increased nitrogen levels in the phloem of attacked trees by 40%, indicating that it may be an important source of dietary nitrogen for mountain pine beet ... | 2007 | 18284766 |
| in vitro interactions between yeasts and bacteria and the fungal symbionts of the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae). | multi-trophic interactions between prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes, and ecologically intertwined metazoans are presumably common in nature, yet rarely described. the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae, is associated with two filamentous fungi, grosmannia clavigera and ophiostoma montium. other microbes, including yeasts and bacteria, are also present in the phloem, but it is not known whether they interact with the symbiotic fungi or the host beetle. to test whether such interacti ... | 2008 | 18322728 |
| pesticide treatments affect mountain pine beetle abundance and woodpecker foraging behavior. | in british columbia, canada, management efforts used to control mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) outbreaks have included treatment of infested trees with an organic arsenic pesticide, monosodium methanearsonate (msma). cumulative pesticide applications over a large geographic area have generated concerns about arsenic loading in the environment and potential toxicity to nontarget wildlife. we investigated woodpecker foraging patterns in infested stands with and without msma ... | 2008 | 18372564 |
| the bioconversion of mountain pine beetle-killed lodgepole pine to fuel ethanol using the organosolv process. | lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) killed by mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) (blp) was compared with healthy lodgepole pine (hlp) for bioconversion to ethanol and high-value co-products. the blp and hlp chips were pretreated using an ethanol organosolv process at a variety of severities. it was shown that the blp was easier to pretreat and delignify than were the hlp chips. the resulting pretreated blp substrate had a lower residual lignin, lower degree of polymerization of cellulose ... | 2008 | 18421796 |
| mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change. | the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae) is a native insect of the pine forests of western north america, and its populations periodically erupt into large-scale outbreaks. during outbreaks, the resulting widespread tree mortality reduces forest carbon uptake and increases future emissions from the decay of killed trees. the impacts of insects on forest carbon dynamics, however, are generally ignored in large-scale modelling analyses. the ... | 2008 | 18432244 |
| spray deposition from ground-based applications of carbaryl to protect individual trees from bark beetle attack. | bark beetles (coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae) are recognized as the most important tree mortality agent in western coniferous forests. a common method of protecting trees from bark beetle attack is to saturate the tree bole with carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) using a hydraulic sprayer. in this study, we evaluate the amount of carbaryl drift (ground deposition) occurring at four distances from the tree bole (7.6, 15.2, 22.9, and 38.1 m) during conventional spray applications for pro ... | 2008 | 18453436 |
| competition and coexistence in a multi-partner mutualism: interactions between two fungal symbionts of the mountain pine beetle in beetle-attacked trees. | despite overlap in niches, two fungal symbionts of the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae), grosmannia clavigera and ophiostoma montium, appear to coexist with one another and their bark beetle host in the phloem of trees. we sampled the percent of phloem colonized by fungi four times over 1 year to investigate the nature of the interaction between these two fungi and to determine how changing conditions in the tree (e.g., moisture) affect the interaction. both fungi colonized phloem ... | 2009 | 18545867 |
| effects of water potential and solute on the growth and interactions of two fungal symbionts of the mountain pine beetle. | we investigated the effect of water potential (wp) on the growth of, and interaction between, two ophiostomatoid fungi, grosmannia clavigera and ophiostoma montium, associated with the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae). the wp of malt extract agar was amended by adding potassium chloride (kcl) or sucrose. growth of both fungi decreased with wp on kcl-amended media. growth of g. clavigera also decreased with wp on sucrose-amended media, although growth was stimulated on these media c ... | 2009 | 18640273 |
| synergistic blends of monoterpenes for aggregation pheromones of the mountain pine beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the superiority of the host monoterpene myrcene as a synergist for trans-verbenol and exo-brevicomin, aggregation pheromone components of the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins (coleoptera: curculionidae), suggests that the ancestral host of the mountain pine beetle is a pine rich in myrcene. a field trapping experiment in british columbia testing reconstituted bole oleoresin of whitebark pine, pinus albicaulis engelmann, composed of mainly myrcene (20.7%), terpinolene (6.8%), ... | 2008 | 18767736 |
| mountain pine beetle attack associated with low levels of 4-allylanisole in ponderosa pine. | mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) is the most important insect pest in southern rocky mountain ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) forests. tree mortality is hastened by the various fungal pathogens that are symbiotic with the beetles. the phenylpropanoid 4-allylanisole is an antifungal and semiochemical for some pine beetle species. we analyzed 4-allylanisole and monoterpene profiles in the xylem oleoresin from a total of 107 trees at six sites from two chemotypes of ponderosa pine fo ... | 2008 | 18801251 |
| genetic diversity and the presence of two distinct groups in ophiostoma clavigerum associated with dendroctonus ponderosae in british columbia and the northern rocky mountains. | abstract the sapstaining fungal pathogen ophiostoma clavigerum is associated with the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae), which is currently the most destructive forest pest in north america. the genetic diversity of o. clavigerum populations collected from five sites in canada and two sites in the united states was estimated with amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. genomic dna from 170 o. clavigerum isolates was digested with ecori and psti and amplified with six ... | 2007 | 18944182 |
| first in line or first in time? effects of settlement order and arrival date on reproduction in a group-living beetle dendroctonus ponderosae. | 1. in group-living organisms, individuals that initiate aggregations, termed pioneers, may suffer higher mortality costs than individuals that join established aggregations. here we examine the hypothesis that aggregation initiators achieve higher reproductive success in the early phases of colonization, potentially through lower competition and increased access to the resource (finder's advantage), and that this benefit is sufficient to outweigh the costs of pioneering. 2. we also examine the r ... | 2009 | 19292705 |
| efficacy of verbenone for protecting ponderosa pine stands from western pine beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae) attack in california. | the western pine beetle, dendroctonus brevicomis leconte (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae), is a major cause of ponderosa pine, pinus ponderosa dougl. ex laws., mortality in much of western north america. currently, techniques for managing d. brevicomis infestations are limited. verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one) is an antiaggregation pheromone of several dendroctonus spp., including d. brevicomis, and it has been registered as a biopesticide for control of mountain ... | 2009 | 19886449 |
| agrobacterium-meditated gene disruption using split-marker in grosmannia clavigera, a mountain pine beetle associated pathogen. | grosmannia clavigera is a fungal pathogen associated with the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) which is devastating large areas of western canada's conifer forests. this fungus also produces a dark melanin pigment that discolors pine sapwood. we have generated the draft genome of g. clavigera. however, functional characterization of genes identified in the genome sequence requires an efficient gene disruption method. in this work, we report a gene replacement strategy for g. clavig ... | 2010 | 20229292 |
| nitrogen concentration in mountain pine beetle larvae reflects nitrogen status of the tree host and two fungal associates. | individual lodgepole pines (pinus contorta) were fertilized with urea at nitrogen (n) inputs equivalent to 0, 315, or 630 kg/ha. four months after application of the fertilizer, inner bark tissue n concentrations were significantly higher in the trees that had received the low dose (315 kg/ha) fertilization treatment than in the control trees; trees that had received the high-dose treatment (630 kg/ha) were intermediate and not significantly different from either of the other treatments. there w ... | 2010 | 20550794 |
| seeing the forest through the trees: differential dispersal of hylobius warreni within modified forest habitats. | hylobius warreni wood, also known as the warren root collar weevil, is a flightless insect that feeds on conifers throughout the boreal forests of canada. mature trees typically can withstand feeding, but larval feeding around the root collar may cause mortality to young trees. recently, a large outbreak of mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) has killed a high proportion of mature lodgepole pine (pinus contorta douglas variety latifolia) across british columbia, canada. this r ... | 2010 | 20550804 |
| rapid identification and detection of pine pathogenic fungi associated with mountain pine beetles by padlock probes. | fifteen million hectares of pine forests in western canada have been attacked by the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae; mpb), leading to devastating economic losses. grosmannia clavigera and leptographium longiclavatum, are two fungi intimately associated with the beetles, and are crucial components of the epidemic. to detect and discriminate these two closely related pathogens, we utilized a method based on ligase-mediated nucleotide discrimination with padlock probe technology, and ... | 2010 | 20650291 |
| comparing the impacts of mitigation and non-mitigation on mountain pine beetle populations. | mountain pine beetles, dendroctonus ponderosae (hopkins) attack and can ultimately kill individuals and groups of pine trees, specifically lodgepole pine (pinus contorta dougl. ex. loud var. latifolia engl.). in british columbia, beetle attack has increased from 164 000 ha in 1999 to over 13 million ha in 2008. mitigation efforts can play a key role in addressing the impact beetle infestations can have on the forested landscape. in this research, the impact of mitigation on a mountain pine beetl ... | 2011 | 20855146 |
| target-specific pcr primers can detect and differentiate ophiostomatoid fungi from microbial communities associated with the mountain pine beetle dendroctonus ponderosae. | the aim of this study was to develop dna probes that could identify the major fungal species associated with mountain pine beetles (mpb). the beetles are closely associated with fungal species that include ophiostomatoid fungi that can be difficult to differentiate morphologically. the most frequently isolated associates are the pine pathogens grosmannia clavigera and leptographium longiclavatum, the less pathogenic ophiostoma montium, and an undescribed ceratocystiopsis species (cop. sp.). beca ... | 2010 | 20943192 |
| diversity and decay ability of basidiomycetes isolated from lodgepole pines killed by the mountain pine beetle. | when lodgepole pines (pinus contorta douglas ex louden var. latifolia engelm. ex s. watson) that are killed by the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) and its fungal associates are not harvested, fungal decay can affect wood and fibre properties. ophiostomatoids stain sapwood but do not affect the structural properties of wood. in contrast, white or brown decay basidiomycetes degrade wood. we isolated both staining and decay fungi from 300 lodgepole pine trees killed by mountain pine ... | 2011 | 21217795 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 december 2010-31 january 2011. | this article documents the addition of 238 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: alytes dickhilleni, arapaima gigas, austropotamobius italicus, blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, cobitis lutheri, dendroctonus ponderosae, glossina morsitans morsitans, haplophilus subterraneus, kirengeshoma palmata, lysimachia japonica, macrolophus pygmaeus, microtus cabrerae, mytilus galloprovincialis, pallisentis (neosentis) celatus, ... | 2011 | 21457476 |
| laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of dendroctonus ponderosae. | the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins (coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western north america. dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. however, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western united states, is uncertain. two novel i ... | 2011 | 21472972 |
| seed release in serotinous lodgepole pine forests after mountain pine beetle outbreak. | there are concerns that large-scale stand mortality due to mountain pine beetle (mpb) could greatly reduce natural regeneration of serotinous rocky mountain (rm) lodgepole pine (pinus contorta var. latifolia) because the closed cones are held in place without the fire cue for cone opening. we selected 20 stands (five stands each of live [control], 3 years since mpb [3-yr-mpb], 6 years since mpb [6-yr-mpb], and 9 years since mpb [9-yr-mpb] mortality) in north central british columbia, canada. the ... | 2011 | 21516894 |
| gene genealogies reveal cryptic species and host preferences for the pine fungal pathogen grosmannia clavigera. | grosmannia clavigera is a fungal pathogen of pine forests in western north america and a symbiotic associate of two sister bark beetles: dendroctonus ponderosae and d. jeffreyi. this fungus and its beetle associate d. ponderosae are expanding in large epidemics in western north america. using the fungal genome sequence and gene annotations, we assessed whether fungal isolates from the two beetles inhabiting different species of pine in epidemic regions of western canada and the usa, as well as i ... | 2011 | 21557782 |
| isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci in the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). | we isolated 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) and developed conditions for amplifying these markers in four multiplex reactions. three to 14 alleles were detected per locus across two sampled populations. observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.902 and from 0.100 to 0.830, respectively. three loci deviated from hardy-weinberg equilibrium in one sampled population. one of these loci may be sex linked. these marke ... | 2009 | 21564842 |
| responses of bark beetle-associated bacteria to host monoterpenes and their relationship to insect life histories. | bark beetles that colonize living conifers and their microbial associates encounter constitutive and induced chemical defenses of their host. monoterpene hydrocarbons comprise a major component of these allelochemicals, and many are antibiotic to insects, fungi, and bacteria. some bark beetle species exhaust these defenses by killing their host through mass attacks mediated by aggregation pheromones. others lack adult aggregation pheromones and do not engage in pheromone-mediated mass attacks, b ... | 2011 | 21710365 |
| genetic variation of lodgepole pine, pinus contorta var. latifolia, chemical and physical defenses that affect mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae, attack and tree mortality. | plant secondary chemistry is determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and while large intraspecific variation in secondary chemistry has been reported frequently, the levels of genetic variation of many secondary metabolites in forest trees in the context of potential resistance against pests have been rarely investigated. we examined the effect of tree genotype and environment/site on the variation in defensive secondary chemistry of lodgepole pine, pinus contorta var. latifolia, a ... | 2011 | 21845434 |
| capturing community context of human response to forest disturbance by insects: a multi-method assessment. | the socioeconomic and environmental features of local places (community context) influence the relationship between humans and their physical environment. in times of environmental disturbance, this community context is expected to influence human perceptual and behavioral responses. residents from nine colorado communities experiencing a large outbreak of mountain pine beetles (dendroctonus ponderosae) were surveyed in 2007. multiple analytic methods including ordinary least squares regression ... | 2010 | 22207775 |
| Effect of water stress and fungal inoculation on monoterpene emission from an historical and a new pine host of the mountain pine beetle. | The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB) has killed millions of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees in Western Canada, and recent range expansion has resulted in attack of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) in Alberta. Establishment of MPB in the Boreal forest will require use of jack pine under a suite of environmental conditions different from those it typically encounters in its native range. Lodgepole and jack pine seedlings were grown under controlled environment conditions and su ... | 2011 | 21874397 |
| the push-pull tactic for mitigation of mountain pine beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) damage in lodgepole and whitebark pines. | in an attempt to improve semiochemical-based treatments for protecting forest stands from bark beetle attack, we compared push-pull versus push-only tactics for protecting lodgepole pine (pinus contorta douglas ex loudon) and whitebark pine (pinus albicaulis engelm.) stands from attack by mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) in two studies. the first was conducted on replicated 4.04-ha plots in lodgepole pine stands (california, 2008) and the second on 0.81-ha plots in whitebar ... | 2012 | 23321106 |
| pest and disease management: why we shouldn't go against the grain. | given the wide range of scales and mechanisms by which pest or disease agents disperse, it is unclear whether there might exist a general relationship between scale of host heterogeneity and spatial spread that could be exploited by available management options. in this model-based study, we investigate the interaction between host distributions and the spread of pests and diseases using an array of models that encompass the dispersal and spread of a diverse range of economically important speci ... | 2013 | 24098739 |
| draft genome of the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, a major forest pest. | the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, is the most serious insect pest of western north american pine forests. a recent outbreak destroyed more than 15 million hectares of pine forests, with major environmental effects on forest health, and economic effects on the forest industry. the outbreak has in part been driven by climate change, and will contribute to increased carbon emissions through decaying forests. | 2013 | 23537049 |
| antennal transcriptome analysis of odorant reception genes in the red turpentine beetle (rtb), dendroctonus valens. | the red turpentine beetle (rtb), dendroctonus valens leconte (coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae), is a destructive invasive pest of conifers which has become the second most important forest pest nationwide in china. dendroctonus valens is known to use host odors and aggregation pheromones, as well as non-host volatiles, in host location and mass-attack modulation, and thus antennal olfaction is of the utmost importance for the beetles' survival and fitness. however, information on the genes ... | 2015 | 25938508 |
| antennal transcriptome analysis of the chemosensory gene families in the tree killing bark beetles, ips typographus and dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). | the european spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, and the north american mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae), are severe pests of coniferous forests. both bark beetle species utilize aggregation pheromones to coordinate mass-attacks on host trees, while odorants from host and non-host trees modulate the pheromone response. thus, the bark beetle olfactory sense is of utmost importance for fitness. however, information on the genes underlying olfac ... | 2013 | 23517120 |
| gene expression analysis of overwintering mountain pine beetle larvae suggests multiple systems involved in overwintering stress, cold hardiness, and preparation for spring development. | cold-induced mortality has historically been a key aspect of mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins (coleoptera: curculionidae), population control, but little is known about the molecular basis for cold tolerance in this insect. we used rna-seq analysis to monitor gene expression patterns of mountain pine beetle larvae at four time points during their overwintering period-early-autumn, late-autumn, early-spring, and late-spring. changing transcript profiles over the winter indica ... | 2016 | 27441109 |
| disentangling detoxification: gene expression analysis of feeding mountain pine beetle illuminates molecular-level host chemical defense detoxification mechanisms. | the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae, is a native species of bark beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) that caused unprecedented damage to the pine forests of british columbia and other parts of western north america and is currently expanding its range into the boreal forests of central and eastern canada and the usa. we conducted a large-scale gene expression analysis (rna-seq) of mountain pine beetle male and female adults either starved or fed in male-female pairs for 24 hours on ... | 2013 | 24223726 |
| cloning and characterization of chitinases from interior spruce and lodgepole pine. | chitinases have been implicated in the defence of conifers against insects and pathogens. cdna for six chitinases were cloned from interior spruce (picea glauca x engelmannii) and four from lodgepole pine (pinus contorta). the cloned interior spruce chitinases were annotated class i pgechia1-1 and pgechia1-2, class ii pgechia2-1, class iv pgechia4-1, and class vii pgechia7-1 and pgechia7-2; lodgepole pine chitinases were annotated class i pcchia1-1, class iv pcchia4-1, and class vii pcchia7-1 an ... | 2014 | 24564978 |
| transcriptome resources and functional characterization of monoterpene synthases for two host species of the mountain pine beetle, lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) and jack pine (pinus banksiana). | the mountain pine beetle (mpb, dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic has affected lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) across an area of more than 18 million hectares of pine forests in western canada, and is a threat to the boreal jack pine (pinus banksiana) forest. defence of pines against mpb and associated fungal pathogens, as well as other pests, involves oleoresin monoterpenes, which are biosynthesized by families of terpene synthases (tpss). volatile monoterpenes also serve as host recognition cue ... | 2013 | 23679205 |
| water-deficit and fungal infection can differentially affect the production of different classes of defense compounds in two host pines of mountain pine beetle. | bark beetles are important agents of tree mortality in conifer forests and their interaction with trees is influenced by host defense chemicals, such as monoterpenes and phenolics. since mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) has expanded its host range from lodgepole pine (pinus contorta doug. ex loud. (var. latifolia engelm.))-dominated forests to the novel jack pine (pinus banksiana lamb.) forests in western canada, studies investigating the jack pine suitability as a host for ... | 2016 | 27881799 |
| fatty acid composition of novel host jack pine do not prevent host acceptance and colonization by the invasive mountain pine beetle and its symbiotic fungus. | fatty acids are major components of plant lipids and can affect growth and development of insect herbivores. despite a large literature examining the roles of fatty acids in conifers, relatively few studies have tested the effects of fatty acids on insect herbivores and their microbial symbionts. particularly, whether fatty acids can affect the suitability of conifers for insect herbivores has never been studied before. thus, we evaluated if composition of fatty acids impede or facilitate coloni ... | 2016 | 27583820 |
| fungal volatiles can act as carbon sources and semiochemicals to mediate interspecific interactions among bark beetle-associated fungal symbionts. | mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) has killed millions of hectares of pine forests in western north america. beetle success is dependent upon a community of symbiotic fungi comprised of grosmannia clavigera, ophiostoma montium, and leptographium longiclavatum. factors regulating the dynamics of this community during pine infection are largely unknown. however, fungal volatile organic compounds (fvocs) help shape fungal interactions in model and agricultural systems and thus may be im ... | 2016 | 27583519 |
| rapid induction of multiple terpenoid groups by ponderosa pine in response to bark beetle-associated fungi. | ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) is a major and widely distributed component of conifer biomes in western north america and provides substantial ecological and economic benefits. this tree is exposed to several tree-killing bark beetle-microbial complexes, including the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) and the phytopathogenic fungus grosmannia clavigera that it vectors, which are among the most important. induced responses play a crucial role in conifer defenses, yet these have not ... | 2016 | 26662358 |
| bacteria influence mountain pine beetle brood development through interactions with symbiotic and antagonistic fungi: implications for climate-driven host range expansion. | bark beetles are associated with diverse communities of symbionts. although fungi have received significant attention, we know little about how bacteria, and in particular their interactions with fungi, affect bark beetle reproduction. we tested how interactions between four bacterial associates, two symbiotic fungi, and two opportunistic fungi affect performance of mountain pine beetles (dendroctonus ponderosae) in host tissue. we compared beetle performance in phloem of its historical host, lo ... | 2015 | 26037523 |
| the cyp51f1 gene of leptographium qinlingensis: sequence characteristic, phylogeny and transcript levels. | leptographium qinlingensis is a fungal associate of the chinese white pine beetle (dendroctonus armandi) and a pathogen of the chinese white pine (pinus armandi) that must overcome the terpenoid oleoresin defenses of host trees. l. qinlingensis responds to monoterpene flow with abundant mechanisms that include export and the use of these compounds as a carbon source. as one of the fungal cytochrome p450 proteins (cyps), which play important roles in general metabolism, cyp51 (lanosterol 14-α dem ... | 2015 | 26016505 |
| effects of temperature on growth, sporulation, and competition of mountain pine beetle fungal symbionts. | the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae, depends on two fungi, grosmannia clavigera and ophiostoma montium, to augment a nutrient-poor woody food resource. because the two fungi exert differential effects on the host beetle, temperature-driven differences in fungal growth and competition outcomes have a strong potential to influence host population dynamics. weisolated fungi from beetles and wood from three locations in montana and utah, usa, and measured their growth rates and sporula ... | 2015 | 25773718 |
| integrating models to investigate critical phenological overlaps in complex ecological interactions: the mountain pine beetle-fungus symbiosis. | the fates of individual species are often tied to synchronization of phenology, however, few methods have been developed for integrating phenological models involving linked species. in this paper, we focus on mountain pine beetle (mpb, dendroctonus ponderosae) and its two obligate mutualistic fungi, grosmannia clavigera and ophiostoma montium. growth rates of all three partners are driven by temperature, and their idiosyncratic responses affect interactions at important life stage junctures. on ... | 2015 | 25556687 |
| gene discovery for enzymes involved in limonene modification or utilization by the mountain pine beetle-associated pathogen grosmannia clavigera. | to successfully colonize and eventually kill pine trees, grosmannia clavigera (gs cryptic species), the main fungal pathogen associated with the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae), has developed multiple mechanisms to overcome host tree chemical defenses, of which terpenoids are a major component. in addition to a monoterpene efflux system mediated by a recently discovered abc transporter, gs has genes that are highly induced by monoterpenes and that encode enzymes that modify or uti ... | 2014 | 24837377 |
| influence of water deficit on the molecular responses of pinus contorta × pinus banksiana mature trees to infection by the mountain pine beetle fungal associate, grosmannia clavigera. | conifers exhibit a number of constitutive and induced mechanisms to defend against attack by pests and pathogens such as mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) and their fungal associates. ecological studies have demonstrated that stressed trees are more susceptible to attack by mountain pine beetle than their healthy counterparts. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that water deficit affects constitutive and induced responses of mature lodgepole pine × jack pine hybrids (pi ... | 2014 | 24319029 |
| the cytochromes p450 of grosmannia clavigera: genome organization, phylogeny, and expression in response to pine host chemicals. | grosmannia clavigera is a fungal associate of the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) and a pathogen of lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) that must overcome terpenoid oleoresin and phenolic defenses of host trees. g. clavigera responds to monoterpene influx with complementary mechanisms that include export and the use of these compounds as a carbon source. cytochromes p450 (cyps) may also be involved in the metabolism of host defense compounds. we have identified and phylogenetically cl ... | 2013 | 23111002 |
| the impact of phloem nutrients on overwintering mountain pine beetles and their fungal symbionts. | in the low nutrient environment of conifer bark, subcortical beetles often carry symbiotic fungi that concentrate nutrients in host tissues. although bark beetles are known to benefit from these symbioses, whether this is because they survive better in nutrient-rich phloem is unknown. after manipulating phloem nutrition by fertilizing lodgepole pine trees (pinus contorta douglas var. latifolia), we found bolts from fertilized trees to contain more living individuals, and especially more pupae an ... | 2012 | 22732605 |
| differential effects of plant ontogeny and damage type on phloem and foliage monoterpenes in jack pine (pinus banksiana). | coniferous trees have both constitutive and inducible defences that deter or kill herbivores and pathogens. we investigated constitutive and induced monoterpene responses of jack pine (pinus banksiana lamb.) to a number of damage types: a fungal associate of the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins), grosmannia clavigera (robinson-jeffrey & r.w. davidson); two phytohormones, methyl jasmonate (mj) and methyl salicylate (ms); simulated herbivory; and mechanical wounding. we only i ... | 2012 | 22659460 |
| two potential fish glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatases. | winter-acclimated rainbow smelt (osmerus mordax mitchill) produce high levels of glycerol as an antifreeze. a common pathway to glycerol involves the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase (gpp), but no gpp has yet been identified in fish or any other animal. here, two phosphatases assembled from existing est libraries (from winter-acclimated smelt and cold-acclimated smelt hepatocytes) were found to resemble a glycerol-associated phosphatase from a glycerol-producing alga, dunaliella salina, a ... | 2015 | 25832176 |
| fire severity unaffected by spruce beetle outbreak in spruce-fir forests in southwestern colorado. | recent large and severe outbreaks of native bark beetles have raised concern among the general public and land managers about potential for amplified fire activity in western north america. to date, the majority of studies examining bark beetle outbreaks and subsequent fire severity in the u.s. rocky mountains have focused on outbreaks of mountain pine beetle (mpb; dendroctonus ponderosae) in lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) forests, but few studies, particularly field studies, have addressed the ... | 2016 | 27411244 |
| carbon isotopic composition of forest soil respiration in the decade following bark beetle and stem girdling disturbances in the rocky mountains. | bark beetle outbreaks are widespread in western north american forests, reducing primary productivity and transpiration, leading to forest mortality across large areas and altering ecosystem carbon cycling. here the carbon isotope composition (δ(13) c) of soil respiration (δj ) was monitored in the decade after disturbance for forests affected naturally by mountain pine beetle infestation and artificially by stem girdling. the seasonal mean δj changed along both chronosequences. we found (a) enr ... | 2016 | 26824577 |
| direction of interaction between mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) and resource-sharing wood-boring beetles depends on plant parasite infection. | plant pathogens can have cascading consequences on insect herbivores, though whether they alter competition among resource-sharing insect herbivores is unknown. we experimentally tested whether the infection of a plant pathogen, the parasitic plant dwarf mistletoe (arceuthobium americanum), on jack pine (pinus banksiana) altered the competitive interactions among two groups of beetles sharing the same resources: wood-boring beetles (coleoptera: cerambycidae) and the invasive mountain pine beetle ... | 2016 | 26820567 |
| effects of dwarf mistletoe on stand structure of lodgepole pine forests 21-28 years post-mountain pine beetle epidemic in central oregon. | lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) forests are widely distributed throughout north america and are subject to mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemics, which have caused mortality over millions of hectares of mature trees in recent decades. mountain pine beetle is known to influence stand structure, and has the ability to impact many forest processes. dwarf mistletoe (arceuthobium americanum) also influences stand structure and occurs frequently in post-mountain pine beetle epidemic ... | 2014 | 25221963 |
| temporal dynamics of a commensal network of cavity-nesting vertebrates: increased diversity during an insect outbreak. | network analysis offers insight into the structure and function of ecological communities, but little is known about how empirical networks change over time during perturbations. "nest webs" are commensal networks that link secondary cavity-nesting vertebrates (e.g., bluebirds, ducks, and squirrels, which depend on tree cavities for nesting) with the excavators (e.g., woodpeckers) that produce cavities. in central british columbia, canada, northern flicker (colaptes auratus) is considered a keys ... | 2015 | 26230029 |
| toxicity of monoterpene structure, diversity and concentration to mountain pine beetles, dendroctonus ponderosae: beetle traits matter more. | a high diversity of plant defenses may be a response to herbivore diversity or may be collectively more toxic than single compounds, either of which may be important for understanding insect-plant associations. monoterpenes in conifers are particularly diverse. we tested the fumigant toxicity of four monoterpenes, alone and in combination, to mountain pine beetles, dendroctonus ponderosae, in the context of the beetles' individual body traits. chemical structures of tested monoterpene hydrocarbo ... | 2017 | 28258318 |
| breeding matters: natal experience influences population state-dependent host acceptance by an eruptive insect herbivore. | eruptive forest insects are highly influential agents of change in forest ecosystems, and their effects have increased with recent climate change. state-dependent life histories contribute significantly to the population dynamics of eruptive forest insect herbivores; however, the proximate mechanisms by which these species shift between states is poorly understood. laboratory bioassays were conducted using the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) to determine the effect of maternal hos ... | 2017 | 28207862 |
| flight period of mountain pine beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) in its recently expanded range. | the ability to predict key phenological events, such as the timing of flight periods, is useful for the monitoring and management of insect pests. we used empirical data to describe the flight period of mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, in its recently expanded range east of the rocky mountains in canada and developed a degree-day model based on the number of trapped beetles. data were collected over four degrees of latitude and six years. the main flight period, when the mi ... | 2016 | 28028105 |
| sapwood stored resources decline in whitebark and lodgepole pines attacked by mountain pine beetles (coleoptera: curculionidae). | recent outbreaks of forest insects have been directly linked to climate change-induced warming and drought, but effects of tree stored resources on insects have received less attention. we asked whether tree stored resources changed following mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) attack and whether they affected beetle development. we compared initial concentrations of stored resources in the sapwood of whitebark pine (pinus albicaulis engelmann) and lodgepole pine (pinus contor ... | 2016 | 28028093 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of whitebark pine (pinus albicaulis engelm.) in western north america. | whitebark pine (wbp, pinus albicaulis engelm.) is an endangered conifer species due to heavy mortality from white pine blister rust (wpbr, caused by cronartium ribicola) and mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae). information about genetic diversity and population structure is of fundamental importance for its conservation and restoration. however, current knowledge on the genetic constitution and genomic variation is still limited for wbp. in this study, an integrated genomics approach ... | 2016 | 27992468 |
| climate influences on whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle in the greater yellowstone ecosystem. | extensive mortality of whitebark pine, beginning in the early to mid-2000s, occurred in the greater yellowstone ecosystem (gye) of the western usa, primarily from mountain pine beetle but also from other threats such as white pine blister rust. the climatic drivers of this recent mortality and the potential for future whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle are not well understood, yet are important considerations in whether to list whitebark pine as a threatened or endangered species ... | 2016 | 27907251 |
| novel forest decline triggered by multiple interactions among climate, an introduced pathogen and bark beetles. | novel forest decline is increasing due to global environmental change, yet the causal factors and their interactions remain poorly understood. using tree ring analyses, we show how climate and multiple biotic factors caused the decline of whitebark pine (pinus albicaulis) in 16 stands in the southern canadian rockies. in our study area, 72% of whitebark pines were dead and 18% had partially dead crowns. tree mortality peaked in the 1970s; however, the annual basal area increment of disturbed tre ... | 2017 | 27901296 |
| aggregation and a strong allee effect in a cooperative outbreak insect. | most species that are negatively impacted when their densities are low aggregate to minimize this effect. aggregation has the potential to change how allee effects are expressed at the population level. we studied the interplay between aggregation and allee effects in the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins), an irruptive bark beetle that aggregates to overcome tree defenses. by cooperating to surpass a critical number of attacks per tree, the mountain pine beetle is able to br ... | 2016 | 27862568 |
| spatial variability in tree regeneration after wildfire delays and dampens future bark beetle outbreaks. | climate change is altering the frequency and severity of forest disturbances such as wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks, thereby increasing the potential for sequential disturbances to interact. interactions can amplify or dampen disturbances, yet the direction and magnitude of future disturbance interactions are difficult to anticipate because underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. we tested how variability in postfire forest development affects future susceptibility to bark beetle ou ... | 2016 | 27821739 |
| relative importance of climate and mountain pine beetle outbreaks on the occurrence of large wildfires in the western usa. | extensive outbreaks of bark beetles have killed trees across millions of hectares of forests and woodlands in western north america. these outbreaks have led to spirited scientific, public, and policy debates about consequential increases in fire risk, especially in the wildland-urban interface (wui), where homes and communities are at particular risk from wildfires. at the same time, large wildfires have become more frequent across this region. widespread expectations that outbreaks increase ex ... | 2016 | 27787956 |
| mountain pine beetle dynamics and reproductive success in post-fire lodgepole and ponderosa pine forests in northeastern utah. | fire injury can increase tree susceptibility to some bark beetles (curculionidae, scolytinae), but whether wildfires can trigger outbreaks of species such as mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) is not well understood. we monitored 1173 lodgepole (pinus contorta var. latifolia doug.) and 599 ponderosa (pinus ponderosa doug. ex law) pines for three years post-wildfire in the uinta mountains of northeastern utah in an area with locally endemic mountain pine beetle. we examined ho ... | 2016 | 27783632 |
| fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience. | fire frequency in low-elevation coniferous forests in western north america has greatly declined since the late 1800s. in many areas, this has increased tree density and the proportion of shade-tolerant species, reduced resource availability, and increased forest susceptibility to forest insect pests and high-severity wildfire. in response, treatments are often implemented with the goal of increasing ecosystem resilience by increasing resistance to disturbance. we capitalized on an existing repl ... | 2016 | 27755724 |
| change in soil fungal community structure driven by a decline in ectomycorrhizal fungi following a mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak. | western north american landscapes are rapidly being transformed by forest die-off caused by mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae), with implications for plant and soil communities. the mechanisms that drive changes in soil community structure, particularly for the highly prevalent ectomycorrhizal fungi in pine forests, are complex and intertwined. critical to enhancing understanding will be disentangling the relative importance of host tree mortality from changes in soil chemistry follo ... | 2017 | 27659418 |
| flight period of mountain pine beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) in its recently expanded range. | the ability to predict key phenological events, such as the timing of flight periods, is useful for the monitoring and management of insect pests. we used empirical data to describe the flight period of mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, in its recently expanded range east of the rocky mountains in canada and developed a degree-day model based on the number of trapped beetles. data were collected over four degrees of latitude and six years. the main flight period, when the mi ... | 2016 | 27651420 |
| adaptive and neutral markers both show continent-wide population structure of mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae). | assessments of population genetic structure and demographic history have traditionally been based on neutral markers while explicitly excluding adaptive markers. in this study, we compared the utility of putatively adaptive and neutral single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) for inferring mountain pine beetle population structure across its geographic range. both adaptive and neutral snps, and their combination, allowed range-wide structure to be distinguished and delimited a population that has ... | 2016 | 27648243 |
| defense traits in the long-lived great basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle. | mountain pine beetle (mpb, dendroctonus ponderosae) is a significant mortality agent of pinus, and climate-driven range expansion is occurring. pinus defenses in recently invaded areas, including high elevations, are predicted to be lower than in areas with longer term mpb presence. mpb was recently observed in high-elevation forests of the great basin (gb) region, north america. defense and susceptibility in two long-lived species, gb bristlecone pine (pinus longaeva) and foxtail pine (p. balfo ... | 2017 | 27612209 |
| a dynamical model for bark beetle outbreaks. | tree-killing bark beetles are major disturbance agents affecting coniferous forest ecosystems. the role of environmental conditions on driving beetle outbreaks is becoming increasingly important as global climatic change alters environmental factors, such as drought stress, that, in turn, govern tree resistance. furthermore, dynamics between beetles and trees are highly nonlinear, due to complex aggregation behaviors exhibited by beetles attacking trees. models have a role to play in helping unr ... | 2016 | 27396358 |
| draft genome of the scarab beetle oryctes borbonicus on la réunion island. | beetles represent the largest insect order and they display extreme morphological, ecological and behavioral diversity, which makes them ideal models for evolutionary studies. here, we present the draft genome of the scarab beetle oryctes borbonicus, which has a more basal phylogenetic position than the two previously sequenced pest species tribolium castaneum and dendroctonus ponderosae providing the potential for sequence polarization. oryctes borbonicus is endemic to la réunion, an island loc ... | 2016 | 27289092 |
| volatile and within-needle terpene changes to douglas-fir trees associated with douglas-fir beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) attack. | mass attack by tree-killing bark beetles (curculionidae: scolytinae) brings about large chemical changes in host trees that can have important ecological consequences. for example, mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) attack increases emission of terpenes by lodgepole pine (pinus contorta dougl. ex loud.), affecting foliage flammability with consequences for wildfires. in this study, we measured chemical changes to douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (mirb.) franco) ... | 2016 | 27231258 |
| modeling landscape-level spatial variation in sex ratio skew in the mountain pine beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae). | through their influence on effective population sizes, sex ratio skew affects population dynamics. we examined spatial variation in female-biased sex ratios in the mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) outbreak in western canada to better understand how environmental context affects sex ratio skew. our specific objectives were to: 1) characterize spatial variation in mountain pine beetle sex ratio; 2) test previously asserted hypotheses that beetle sex ratio varies with tree dia ... | 2016 | 27209334 |
| quantitative metabolome, proteome and transcriptome analysis of midgut and fat body tissues in the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, and insights into pheromone biosynthesis. | bark beetles (coleoptera: scolytinae) are pests of many forests around the world. the mountain pine beetle (mpb), dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, is a significant pest of western north american pine forests. the mpb is able to overcome the defences of pine trees through pheromone-assisted aggregation that results in a mass attack of host trees. these pheromones, both male and female produced, are believed to be biosynthesized in the midgut and/or fat bodies of these insects. we used metabolite ... | 2016 | 26792242 |
| polygamy and an absence of fine-scale structure in dendroctonus ponderosae (hopk.) (coleoptera: curcilionidae) confirmed using molecular markers. | | 2016 | 26647823 |
| mountain pine beetle host selection between lodgepole and ponderosa pines in the southern rocky mountains. | recent evidence of range expansion and host transition by mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins; mpb) has suggested that mpb may not primarily breed in their natal host, but will switch hosts to an alternate tree species. as mpb populations expanded in lodgepole pine forests in the southern rocky mountains, we investigated the potential for movement into adjacent ponderosa pine forests. we conducted field and laboratory experiments to evaluate four aspects of mpb population dynam ... | 2016 | 26546596 |
| a novel semiochemical tool for protecting pinus contorta from mortality attributed to dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: curculionidae). | verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) is an antiaggregant of the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins (coleoptera: curculionidae), a notable forest insect capable of causing extensive levels of tree mortality in western north america. several formulations of verbenone are registered for tree protection, but failures in efficacy are not uncommon, particularly when applied during large infestations. a formulation of (-)-verbenone was developed (specialized phero ... | 2015 | 26470118 |
| mountain pine beetles use volatile cues to locate host limber pine and avoid non-host great basin bristlecone pine. | the tree-killing mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins) is an important disturbance agent of western north american forests and recent outbreaks have affected tens of millions of hectares of trees. most western north american pines (pinus spp.) are hosts and are successfully attacked by mountain pine beetles whereas a handful of pine species are not suitable hosts and are rarely attacked. how pioneering females locate host trees is not well understood, with prevailing theory invo ... | 2015 | 26332317 |
| evaluating predators and competitors in wisconsin red pine forests for attraction to mountain pine beetle pheromones for anticipatory biological control. | mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins (coleoptera: curculionidae), is an irruptive tree-killing species native to pine forests of western north america. two potential pathways of spread to eastern forests have recently been identified. first, warming temperatures have driven range expansion from british columbia into albertan jack pine forests that are contiguous with the great lakes region. second, high temperatures and drought have fostered largescale outbreaks within the histo ... | 2015 | 26314062 |
| severe white pine blister rust infection in whitebark pine alters mountain pine beetle (coleoptera: curculionidae) attack density, emergence rate, and body size. | exotic tree pathogens can cause devastating ecological effects on forests that can be exacerbated when infections increase the likelihood of attack by insects. current high rates of mortality of whitebark pine (pinus albicaulis engelm.) are due to white pine blister rust caused by the exotic fungus, cronartium ribicola j.c. fisch, and the native mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins). these two mortality agents interact in whitebark pine; mountain pine beetle preferentially selec ... | 2015 | 26314009 |
| polygamy and an absence of fine-scale structure in dendroctonus ponderosae (hopk.) (coleoptera: curcilionidae) confirmed using molecular markers. | an understanding of mating systems and fine-scale spatial genetic structure is required to effectively manage forest pest species such as dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle). here we used genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms to assess the fine-scale genetic structure and mating system of d. ponderosae collected from a single stand in alberta, canada. fine-scale spatial genetic structure was absent within the stand and the majority of genetic variation was best explained at the ... | 2016 | 26286666 |
| nonstructural carbohydrate dynamics of lodgepole pine dying from mountain pine beetle attack. | bark beetle outbreaks are an important cause of tree death, but the process by which trees die remains poorly understood. the effect of beetle attack on whole-tree nonstructural carbohydrate (nsc) dynamics is particularly unclear, despite the potential role of carbohydrates in plant defense and survival. we monitored nsc dynamics of all organs in attacked and protected lodgepole pines (pinus contorta) during a mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in british columbia, starting ... | 2016 | 26256444 |
| variations in foliar monoterpenes across the range of jack pine reveal three widespread chemotypes: implications to host expansion of invasive mountain pine beetle. | the secondary compounds of pines (pinus) can strongly affect the physiology, ecology and behaviors of the bark beetles (coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae) that feed on sub-cortical tissues of hosts. jack pine (pinus banksiana) has a wide natural distribution range in north america (canada and usa) and thus variations in its secondary compounds, particularly monoterpenes, could affect the host expansion of invasive mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae), which has recently expanded it ... | 2015 | 26042134 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate indirect effects of a bark beetle outbreak on secondary chemistry and establishment of pine seedlings. | dendroctonus ponderosae has killed millions of pinus contorta in western north america with subsequent effects on stand conditions, including changes in light intensity, needle deposition, and the composition of fungal community mutualists, namely ectomycorrhizal fungi. it is unknown whether these changes in stand conditions will have cascading consequences for the next generation of pine seedlings. to test for transgenerational cascades on pine seedlings, we tested the effects of fungal inoculu ... | 2015 | 26033270 |
| pheromone production by an invasive bark beetle varies with monoterpene composition of its naïve host. | the secondary chemistry of host plants can have cascading impacts on the establishment of new insect herbivore populations, their long-term population dynamics, and their invasion potential in novel habitats. mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins (coleoptera: curculionidae) has recently expanded its range into forests of jack pine, pinus banksiana lamb., in western canada. we investigated whether variations in jack pine monoterpenes affect beetle pheromone production, as the prim ... | 2015 | 26014128 |
| a model for mountain pine beetle outbreaks in an age-structured forest: predicting severity and outbreak-recovery cycle period. | the mountain pine beetle (mpb, dendroctonus ponderosae), a tree-killing bark beetle, has historically been part of the normal disturbance regime in lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) forests. in recent years, warm winters and summers have allowed mpb populations to achieve synchronous emergence and successful attacks, resulting in widespread population outbreaks and resultant tree mortality across western north america. we develop an age-structured forest demographic model that incorporates tempera ... | 2015 | 25976694 |
| rapid increases in forest understory diversity and productivity following a mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in pine forests. | the current unprecedented outbreak of mountain pine beetle (dendroctonus ponderosae) in lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) forests of western canada has resulted in a landscape consisting of a mosaic of forest stands at different stages of mortality. within forest stands, understory communities are the reservoir of the majority of plant species diversity and influence the composition of future forests in response to disturbance. although changes to stand composition following beetle outbreaks are w ... | 2015 | 25859663 |
| developmental mortality increases sex-ratio bias of a size-dimorphic bark beetle. | 1. given sexual size dimorphism, differential mortality owing to body size can lead to sex-biased mortality, proximately biasing sex ratios. this mechanism may apply to mountain pine beetles, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, which typically have female-biased adult populations (2 : 1) with females larger than males. smaller males could be more susceptible to stresses than larger females as developing beetles overwinter and populations experience high mortality. 2. survival of naturally-establish ... | 2014 | 25400320 |