| support, shape and number of replicate samples for tree foliage analysis. | many fundamental features of a sampling program are determined by the heterogeneity of the object under study and the settings for the error (alpha), the power (beta), the effect size (es), the number of replicate samples, and sample support, which is a feature that is often overlooked. the number of replicates, alpha, beta, es, and sample support are interconnected. the effect of the sample support and its shape on the required number of replicate samples was investigated by means of a resampli ... | 2003 | 12833995 |
| hydroponic screening for metal resistance and accumulation of cadmium and zinc in twenty clones of willows and poplars. | we screened 20 different clones of willow and poplar species in hydroponic experiments for their metal resistance and accumulation properties. plants were exposed for 4 weeks either to single additions of (microm) 4.45 cd or 76.5 zn, or a metal cocktail containing the same amounts of cd and zn along with 7.87 cu and 24.1 pb. plant biomass, metal tolerance and metal accumulation pattern in roots and leaves varied greatly between clones. the leaf:root ratio of metal concentrations was clearly unde ... | 2007 | 17241723 |
| use of chromatographic (spe-hplc) and spectrophotometric methods for differentiation of salix species through correlation analysis and freeviz projection. | the major concern of the present article is research into the combination of analytical assessment and multi-correlative data interpretation. for this purpose, a high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) procedure was developed for the simultaneous quantification of salicin, salicylalcohol derivatives, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and monomeric catechins after solid phase extraction (spe). on the basis of an established and validated hplc method, 49 different salix samples were extracted, pur ... | 2010 | 21118078 |
| meristematic activity during adventitious root primordium development: influences of endogenous auxin and applied gibberellic acid. | intact brittle willows (salix fragilis l.) were treated so that developing adventitious root primordia in the stems would be subjected to elevated gibberellic acid or reduced endogenous auxin levels. observations were made of primordia that were initiated during the experiments and of primordia that were established before the experiments began. the results indicated that as primordia became older and contained more cells, auxin basipetally transported in the stem seemed to be of less importance ... | 1972 | 16658077 |
| willow (salix fragilis linn.): a multipurpose tree species under pest attack in the cold desert of lahaul valley, northwestern himalaya, india. | salix fragilis is the most common willow species grown extensively under the indigenous agroforestry system in the cold desert of lahaul valley located in the northwestern himalayas, india. presently, this tree is under severe pest attack, and other infections have made its survival in the area questionable. this deciduous multipurpose tree species provides vegetation cover to the barren landscape of lahaul and is a significant contributor of fuel and fodder to the region. this study is a detail ... | 2006 | 16615699 |
| growth and trace metal accumulation of two salix clones on sediment-derived soils with increasing contamination levels. | the growth and metal uptake of two willow clones (salix fragilis 'belgisch rood' and salix viminalis 'aage') was evaluated in a greenhouse pot experiment with six sediment-derived soils with increasing field cd levels (0.9-41.4 mg kg-1). metal concentrations of eight elements were measured in roots, stems and leaves and correlated to total and soil water metal concentrations. dry weight root biomass, number of leaves and shoot length were measured to identify eventual negative responses of the t ... | 2005 | 15664607 |
| linkage mapping in tetraploid willows: segregation of molecular markers and estimation of linkage phases support an allotetraploid structure for salix alba x salix fragilis interspecific hybrids. | salix alba-salix fragilis complex includes closely related dioecious polyploid species, which are obligate outcrossers. natural populations of these willows and their hybrids are represented by a mixture of highly heterozygous genotypes sharing a common gene pool. since nothing is known about their genomic constitution, tetraploidy (2n=4x=76) in willow species makes basic and applied genetic studies difficult. we have used a two-way pseudotestcross strategy and single-dose markers (sdms) to cons ... | 2003 | 12634824 |
| should foliar cadmium concentrations be expressed on a dry weight or dry ash weight basis? | foliar analysis is a valuable tool for evaluating the pollution status of forests. however, the use of foliar diagnosis in large-scale surveys is a complicated process owing to the high variability within the crown. the method used to express foliar concentrations has often been found to diminish the variability. the effect of the method used to express element concentrations on the spatial variability of cadmium (cd) in the leaves of crack willow (salix fragilis l.) was investigated by sampling ... | 2002 | 12094936 |
| rapd of controlled crosses and clones from the field suggests that hybrids are rare in the salix alba-salix fragilis complex. | the polyploid salix alba-salix fragilis hybrid complex is rather difficult to study when using only morphological characters. most of the features have a low diagnostic value for unambiguously identifying the hybrids, introgression patterns and population structures, though morphological traits have proved to be useful in making a hybrid index. morphology and molecular variation from rapds were investigated in several case studies on willows from belgium. a thorough screening of full-sib progeni ... | 2000 | 10849080 |
| melampsora rust species on biomass willows in central and north-eastern germany. | melampsora willow rusts are the most important fungal pathogens in short rotation coppices of biomass willows. in the past, breeding programmes for rust resistant biomass willows concentrated on the distinction of races within the forma specialis melampsora larici-epitea f. sp. larici-epitea typica that colonized salix viminalis and related clones. in a new breeding program that is based on a wider range of willow species it is necessary to identify further melampsora species and formae speciali ... | 2014 | 25442294 |
| composition of larval secretion ofchrysomela lapponica (coleoptera, chrysomelidae) and its dependence on host plant. | the defensive secretion ofchrysomela lapponica larvae, which is produced by nine pairs of exocrine dorsal glands, has been chemically analyzed. thec. lapponica larvae were kept in the laboratory on leaves of either birch (betula pendula), alder (alnus glutinosa), or willow (salix fragilis). larvae developed normally on birch and willow, whereas those on alder died within a few days. gc-ms analyses of the secretion of larvae on birch and willow revealed that the composition of this secretion diff ... | 1994 | 24242305 |
| vegetative reproduction capacities of floodplain willows - cutting response to competition and biomass loss. | while several studies on regeneration in salicaceae have focused on seedling recruitment, little is known about factors controlling their vegetative reproduction. in two greenhouse experiments, we studied the response of floodplain willows (salix fragilis, s. viminalis, s. triandra) to competition with poa trivialis, and to shoot and root removal when planted as vegetative cuttings. in the first experiment, growth performance variables were analysed in relation to full competition, shoot competi ... | 2011 | 21972956 |
| permanent genetic resources: consensus primers of cyp73 genes discriminate willow species and hybrids (salix, salicaceae). | consensus primers, based on exon sequences of the cyp73 gene family coding for cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h) of the lignin biosynthesis pathway, were designed for the tetraploid willow species salix alba and salix fragilis. diagnostic alleles at species level were observed among introns of three cyp73 genes and allowed unambiguous detection of the first generation and introgressed hybrids in populations. progeny analysis of a female s. alba with a male introgressed hybrid confirmed the codominan ... | 2008 | 21585820 |
| phytoremediation of chromium using salix species: cloning ests and candidate genes involved in the cr response. | in this research a differential display based on the detection of cdna-aflp markers was used to identify candidate genes potentially involved in the regulation of the response to chromium in four different willow species (salix alba, salix eleagnos, salix fragilis and salix matsudana) chosen on the basis of their suitability in phytoremediation techniques. our approach enabled the assay of a large set of mrna-related fragments and increased the reliability of amplification-based transcriptome an ... | 2007 | 17765407 |
| trichoderma harzianum rifai 1295-22 mediates growth promotion of crack willow (salix fragilis) saplings in both clean and metal-contaminated soil. | we investigated if the plant growth promoting fungus trichoderma harzianum rifai 1295-22 (also known as "t22") could be used to enhance the establishment and growth of crack willow (salix fragilis) in a soil containing no organic or metal pollutants and in a metal-contaminated soil by comparing this fungus with noninoculated controls and an ectomycorrhizal formulation commercially used to enhance the establishment of tree saplings. crack willow saplings were grown in a temperature-controlled gro ... | 2007 | 17345130 |