| application of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of theileria hirci infection of sheep: using cell culture schizont antigen. | the indirect fluorescent antibody test was applied for detection of circulating antibodies in sheep as a result of theileria hirci infections. a schizont antigen was prepared from an in vitro culture suspension of lymphoid cells infected with t. hirci macroschizonts. the peak antibody titre of 1/8, 192 was reached 24 days after the initial antibody rise in the sheep experimentally infected by means of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks. | 1976 | 820024 |
| the use of tissue culture attenuated live vaccine for theileria hirci. | malignant sheep theileriosis which is a tick-borne disease is caused by the protozoan parasite theileria hirci. the pathogenic form of the parasite, schizonts, inhabits the lymphoid cells of the mammalian host, and if an immunity is engendered against them animals can resist the infection. theileria hirci infected lymphoid cells were cultivated in vitro, using eagle's mem supplemented with 10% ovine serum, yeast extract and lactalbumine hydrolysate (yl), respectively 250 and 1250 mg/l. schizonts ... | 1985 | 3938739 |
| vectors of theileria hirci in south and southeast of iran. | | 1970 | 5498976 |
| immunization of sheep against theileria hirci infection with schizonts propagated in tissue culture. | two experiments were carried out. in the first, three groups of lambs were inoculated subcutaneously with 3 x 10(6) schizonts of different passages (3, 30 and 63) of theileria hirci propagated in tissue culture. severe reactions were observed in lambs inoculated with organisms derived from the 3rd passage. in the second experiment, four groups were inoculated with 5 x 10(5), 3 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7) and 5 x 10(8) schizonts of the 63rd passage. no clinical reactions or parasites were detected in lamb ... | 1981 | 6806971 |
| some characteristics of ovine lymphoid cells infected in vivo by theileria hirci. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies reacting with different subsets of sheep lymphocytes plus a polyclonal rabbit anti-sheep ig antiserum were used to characterize three theileria hirci-infected lymphoid cell lines that had been infected and transformed in vivo. in parallel, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of swedish landrace sheep were exposed to the same antibodies. whereas the values obtained for healthy swedish landrace sheep peripheral mononuclear cells fell within the range previously desc ... | 1993 | 8493242 |
| the indirect fluorescent antibody test based on schizont antigen for study of the sheep parasite theileria lestoquardi. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), based on schizont-infected lymphoblastoid cells, was applied to study the course of antibody production in adult sheep inoculated with attenuated, in vitro grown, theileria lestoquardi (theileria hirci) infected cells. bright fluorescence of the intracellular schizonts could first be demonstrated 15 days after inoculation. a 32-64-fold rise in antibody titres was recorded 1 month after infection, and substantial titres were still observed 90 days aft ... | 1997 | 9187025 |
| tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats caused by babesia, theileria or anaplasma spp. | a review is given on the babesia, theileria, and anaplasma species infecting sheep and goats. b. ovis is the most important disease agent. it is transmitted by rhipicephalus bursa, r. turanicus, hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, and probably by r. evertsi evertsi b. ovis is widely spread in southern europe, the middle east, and central asia. its geographical distribution in south and east asia and in africa is widely unknown. b. motasi obviously represents several nosodemes in separate regions. it ... | 1997 | 9530692 |
| tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats and their related vectors in iran. | haemoparasitic diseases have long been considered as a major problem to efficient sheep and goats production in iran. theileriosis due to theileria hirci and babesiosis due to babesia ovis and b. motasi are the most pathogenic protozoa. b. crassa, anaplasma ovis and eperythrozoon ovis are usually non-pathogenic and do not cause any apparent problem. the major tick genera found on sheep and goats are hyalomma, rhipicephalus, haemaphysalis, ixodes and rarely dermacentor distributed in all part of ... | 1997 | 9530694 |
| conventional vaccines for tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases of sheep and goats. | of the many tick-borne haemoparasites of sheep and goats, three may be controlled by vaccination. a live virulent blood vaccine for cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater) is used widely in southern africa in an infection and treatment procedure. a live vaccine for babesia ovis attenuated by passage in splenectomised sheep has been used extensively in bulgaria with good results. a live vaccine for theileria hirci, consisting of schizonts propagated in a lymphoid cell culture and attenuated by ... | 1997 | 9530695 |
| status of the tick-borne diseases in sheep and goats in turkey. | a serological survey using indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for babesia ovis infection of sheep has been carried out in different geographical regions of turkey. the results indicated that 71.6% of 141 sheep in black sea region, 70.9% of 93 sheep in central anatolia, 80.2% of 96 sheep in aegean region and 55.7% of 122 sheep in eastern anatolia were seropositive. this means that b. ovis infection is endemic throughout turkey. in addition, occurrence of b. ovis, b. motasi, theileria hirci ... | 1997 | 9530701 |
| theileria lestoquardi and t. annulata in cattle, sheep, and goats. in vitro and in vivo studies. | theileria annulata, causing bovine tropical theileriosis, and t. lestoquardi (syn t. hirci), the agent of malignant ovine theileriosis, are both transmitted by ticks of the genus hyalomma. their distribution is thus very similar and, should these parasites infect more than one ruminant species, the difficulty in interpreting epidemiological studies is magnified considerably. a pilot series of experiments was thus conducted in which cattle, sheep and goats were infected with sporozoites of a sing ... | 1998 | 9668448 |
| detection of theileria lestoquardi (hirci) in ticks, sheep, and goats using the polymerase chain reaction. | theileria lestoquardi (= t. hirci) is a protozoan parasite of sheep and goats that is morphologically and biologically similar to t. annulata, the causative agent of bovine tropical theileriosis. both parasites are transmitted by ixodid ticks of the genus hyalomma. however, because of their morphological similarity, they cannot be distinguished in the salivary glands of infected ticks by traditional staining methods such as feulgen or methyl green-pyronin. thus a need has arisen for sensitive an ... | 1998 | 9668449 |
| in vitro infectivity and in vivo cross-protectivity of theileria lestoquardi and t. annulata in sheep and cattle. | | 1998 | 9668499 |
| phylogenetic analysis of theileria and babesia equi in relation to the establishment of parasite populations within novel host species and the development of diagnostic tests. | the divergence of parasites is important for maintenance within an established host and spread to novel host species. in this paper we have carried out phylogenetic analyses of theileria parasites isolated from different host species. this was performed with small subunit ribosomal rna sequences available in the data bases and a novel sequence amplified from theileria lestoquardi dna. similar phylogenetic studies were carried out with sequences representing the major merozoite/piroplasm surface ... | 1998 | 9763287 |
| theileria lestoquardi--maturation and quantification in hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks. | the maturation and quantification of theileria lestoquardi (t. hirci) parasites in unfed and partially fed adult hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks was studied using (1) methyl green pyronin (mgp) staining of salivary glands, (2) in vitro infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) with parasites harvested from infected ticks and (3) a semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr). with mgp staining the greatest infection rate was seen in unfed ticks. feeding resulted in a gradua ... | 1998 | 9774791 |
| infectivity and cross-immunity studies of theileria lestoquardi and theileria annulata in sheep and cattle: i. in vivo responses. | in a series of experiments, sporozoite stabilates of a theileria lestoquardi (lahr) and a t. annulata (ankara) stock prepared from hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks, were used to examine the infectivity of both parasite species for sheep and cattle and to study the development of cross-immunity between these parasite species. in the first experiment sheep and cattle were inoculated with t. lestoquardi sporozoites. surviving animals and naive sheep and cattle were, in the second experiment, in ... | 1999 | 10348097 |
| infectivity and cross-immunity studies of theileria lestoquardi and theileria annulata in sheep and cattle: ii. in vitro studies. | in the studies previously reported, the tick-borne protozoan parasites theileria lestoquardi and theileria annulata were shown to differ in their capacity to infect sheep and cattle. in the studies presented here, these findings were further supported. in vitro infectivity of t. lestoquardi and t. annulata sporozoites for peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sheep and cattle were determined by analysis of cell cultures for cell proliferation, the detection of parasites in giemsa-stained cytospi ... | 1999 | 10348098 |
| molecular characterisation of a theileria lestoquardi gene encoding a candidate sporozoite vaccine antigen. | | 2000 | 10779608 |
| ribosomal small-subunit rna gene-sequence analysis of theileria lestoquardi and a theileria species highly pathogenic for small ruminants in china. | a fatal disease of sheep and goats in the northwestern part of china has been reported to be due to theileria lestoquardi (syn. t. hirci). however, some characteristics of the causative agent are not in accordance with attributes ascribed to this parasite. we therefore determined the nucleotide sequence of the small-subunit ribosomal rna (srrna) gene of t. lestoquardi and the parasite identified in china and compared it with that of other theileria and babesia species. in the inferred phylogenet ... | 2000 | 10836509 |
| phylogenetic analysis by rrna comparison of the highly pathogenic sheep-infecting parasites theileria lestoquardi and a theileria species identified in china. | in the northwestern part of china there have been reports of clinical cases in small ruminants of a haemoparasite with the characteristics of theileria hirci (t. lestoquardi). however, some properties of this parasites argue against its classification as t. lestoquardi. in this paper, we present evidence that t. lestoquardi and the chinese theileria isolate are distinct parasite species. phylogenetic analysis of determined nucleotide sequences of small subunit ribosomal rna (srrna) genes of t. l ... | 2000 | 11193632 |
| hyalomma impeltatum (acari: ixodidae) as a potential vector of malignant theileriosis in sheep in saudi arabia. | little is known about tick-borne diseases in saudi arabia, particularly regarding the prevalence of theileriosis in small ruminants. this survey studied the potential vectors of malignant theileriosis in saudi arabian sheep. blood, lymph node and tick samples were collected from animals being treated or necropsied at the veterinary diagnostic laboratory in jeddah, makkah (western region), and bureida, al-qasim (central region). blood and lymph node smears were prepared and examined for theileria ... | 2001 | 11511417 |
| comparative studies on surface phenotypes of theileria lestoquardi and t. annulata schizont-infected cells. | phenotypes of sheep cell lines infected with theileria lestoquardi or t. annulata were studied by flow cytometric analysis, following immunolabelling with a panel of monoclonal antibodies reacting to leukocyte differentiation antigens. cell surface phenotypes of theileria-infected sheep cell lines derived ex vivo and in vitro were compared, both with each other and with cell lines from cattle undergoing acute t. annulata infection. besides the non-lineage specific markers cd45, mhc class i and m ... | 2001 | 11570564 |
| validation of an in vitro method to determine infectivity of cryopreserved sporozoites in stabilates of theileria spp. | the infectivity of 15 cryopreserved theileria spp. sporozoite stabilates was assessed semi-quantitatively by titration using naive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) in vitro in multi-well plates. using the method described, the effective dilution, which would result in 50% of replicate wells infected (ed50), was calculated. the ed50 for 11 theileria annulata stabilates in bovine pbm ranged from 10(-2.6) to 10(-4.2) dilutions of 1 tick equivalent (t.e.) ml(-1), one stabilate of theileria p ... | 2002 | 11812618 |
| characterization of a polymorphic gene of t. lestoquardi and of a recently identified theileria species pathogenic for small ruminants in china. | in the present study, we identified a gene from theileria lestoquardi and from a recently described theileria species which is highly pathogenic for small ruminants in china. since the taxonomic position of the latter parasite is still not clear, we refer to it as theileria (china) species. the gene described here comprises an open reading frame of about 948 bp which prospectively encodes a 35-kda protein. its sequence is most closely related to the polymorphic immunodominant membrane protein of ... | 2002 | 12107478 |
| survey of theileria lestoquardi antibodies among sudanese sheep. | the prevalence of theileria lestoquardi antibodies in sudanese sheep from nine geographical areas in sudan was determined using indirect fluorescent antibody "ifa" test. out of 315 samples examined, 51 (16.2%) were found positive and ranged between 23.4% in river nile state and 10% in kasala and darfour provinces with an overall prevalence of 16.2% indicating widespread distribution of the infection. we also report on presence of antibodies reactive to theileria annulata in sheep sera. | 2003 | 12559715 |
| identification of tick vectors of ovine theileriosis in an endemic region of iran. | this study was made to determine the population of ticks in infected sheep and attempting to identify the tick vectors of ovine theileriosis in an endemic area of iran from 2000 to 2001. a total of 188 suspected cases of ovine theileriosis from 28 flocks were clinically examined and investigated for the presence of theileria lestoquardi in appropriate blood smears and any tick species on body of sheep. in this study, 36.17% of sheep were infected to t. lestoquardi with a parasitemia of 0.01-15%. ... | 2003 | 14519321 |
| simultaneous detection and differentiation of theileria and babesia parasites infecting small ruminants by reverse line blotting. | characteristic sequence signatures were identified within the hypervariable region 4 (v4 region) of the small ribosomal rna gene of ovine/caprine piroplasm species including theileria lestoquardi, t. ovis, t. separata, babesia ovis, b. motasi, b. crassa [comprising strains b. crassa (iran) and b. crassa (turkey)] and several novel species: theileria sp. 1 (china), theileria sp. 2 (china) and babesia sp. (china), [comprising strain babesia sp. (lintan), and babesia sp. (ningxian)] as defined prev ... | 2004 | 14652747 |
| discrimination between theileria lestoquardi and theileria annulata in their vectors and hosts by rflp based on the 18s rrna gene. | theileria lestoquardi and t. annulata can occur in similar vectors, and current available probes based on the 18s rrna gene showed cross-reaction between the two species. however, we developed a species-specific rflp test based on the mspi restriction enzyme, able to cut amplified products from t. lestoquardi only and to discriminate the two species in both tick and blood samples. | 2004 | 15372232 |
| simultaneous differentiation between theileria spp. and babesia spp. on stained blood smear using pcr. | the tick-borne diseases of livestock constitute a complex of several diseases with different etiological agents. theileriosis and babesiosis belong to this complex and are severe and often fatal protozoan tick-borne diseases of ruminants worldwide. this results in high economical losses yearly in iran. the most common diagnostic method for the identification of piroplasms in iran is giemsa staining of blood smear, which is unspecific, accompanied by some technical problems and, in some cases, im ... | 2005 | 16007464 |
| a new recombinant protein-based elisa for the diagnosis of malignant theileriosis of sheep and goats. | tick-borne diseases of small ruminants are of highly economic importance in many countries. malignant theileriosis of sheep and goats caused by theileria lestoquardi is considered among the most important of these diseases and constitutes an obstacle to the sheep industry in countries like the sudan. here the application of a newly discovered surface protein of t. lestoquardi (clone-5) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the potentials of the application of the test in epidemiolo ... | 2006 | 16328367 |
| development of a recombinant indirect elisa for the diagnosis of theileria sp. (china) infection in small ruminants. | theileria sp. (china) causes severe limitations on the development of the livestock industry in the north-west of china. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on merozoite homogenate of the parasite for diagnosis of infection has been established; however, cross-reactivity with other small ruminant-infecting piroplasms could not be excluded. thus, a prerequisite for epidemiological surveys and diagnosis was the establishment of a recombinant protein-based elisa. to this end, serum f ... | 2006 | 16425067 |
| molecular characterization of a theileria lestoquardi gene encoding for immunogenic protein splice variants. | a theileria lestoquardi schizont cdna library was screened using sera collected from sheep recovering from a natural malignant theileriosis infection. an immunogenic clone (clone-5) was isolated and its full sequence was obtained using rapid amplification of cdna ends polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. pcr experiments and sequencing demonstrated the presence of two transcript forms of the gene, resulting from splicing variation at the single intron found in the gene. both gene products, ... | 2006 | 16896652 |
| treatment of natural ovine malignant theileriosis with a chloroform extract of the plant peganum harmala. | one hundred sheep naturally infected with theileria lestoquardi were treated with a chloroform extract of the plant peganum harmala. the treatment was continued for 5 days, the dose of extract being 5 mg/kg per day. sixty-five of the sheep responded to treatment and recovered but 35 did not and died. the cure rate was 65%. | 2006 | 16958268 |
| purification of macroschizonts of a sudanese isolate of theileria lestoquardi (t. lestoquardi [atbara]). | research on malignant theileriosis is affected by the limited access to biological materials required for studies aiming at controlling the disease through the establishment of diagnostic tools and vaccines. the main aims of this work were to isolate, establish, and characterize a theileria lestoquardi-infected cell culture (line) as a source of biological material and to generate a schizont cdna library for further studies aiming at the identification of antigenic proteins. the t. lestoquardi i ... | 2006 | 17135548 |
| identification of potential antigenic proteins of theileria lestoquardi. | a pcr strategy was used to identify potential antigenic proteins of t. lestoquardi suitable for the development of an elisa by searching for homologous proteins previously identified in other theilierial parasites to be antigenic. | 2006 | 17135549 |
| phylogenetics of theileria species in small ruminants. | our study is based on the collection of blood and ticks from sheep in iran and italy. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing was performed to target the 18s rrna gene and rlb was performed using previously published probes. in italy and iran 78.7% and 76.0% of the sheep were pcr positive, which after sequencing and rlb showed that they were theileria ovis and theileria lestoquardi, respectively. phylogenetic analysis was performed using the clustal w multiple sequence alignment program and our ... | 2006 | 17135559 |
| ovine theileriosis in china: a new look at an old story. | a fatal disease of sheep and goats in the northwestern part of china has in the past been reported to be due to theileria lestoquardi. however, some characteristics of the causative agent are not in accordance with attributes ascribed to this parasite. we therefore determined the nucleotide sequence of the 18 small subunit ribosomal rna (18s rrna) gene of t. lestoquardi and the parasite identified in china and compared it with that of other theileria and babesia species. in the inferred phylogen ... | 2007 | 17823827 |
| effect of peganum harmala (wild rue) extract on experimental ovine malignant theileriosis: pathological and parasitological findings. | malignant theileriosis of sheep is a highly fatal, acute or subacute disease is caused by the tick-borne protozoan parasite, theileria hirci. in this investigation ten healthy male lambs aged 5-6 months were randomly divided into two groups, a and b and were kept in isolated tick-proof pens. they were treated for internal and external parasite before commencement of the experiment. the lambs were experimentally infected with t. hirci by placing ticks hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum infected with ... | 2008 | 18575066 |
| study on theileria lestoquardi antigens as potential vaccine candidates. | theileria lestoquardi is the causative agent of malignant theileriosis of sheep and goats, causing morbidity and mortality in these animals worldwide. western blot analysis based on t. lestoquardi schizont antigens was carried out using sera collected from iranian sheep, which had been immunized with t. lestoquardi schizont-infected cells. the results of western blot analysis demonstrated that schizont-immunized animals produced antibodies reacting with protein bands at 73, 42, 20, 14, and 12 kd ... | 2008 | 19120211 |
| existence of splicing variants in homologues of theileria lestoquardi clone-5 gene's transcripts in theileria annulata and theileria parva. | clone 5 has been described as an immunogenic protein and was used to establish an elisa for malignant theileriosis. molecular characterization of the gene product revealed alternative splicing at the single intron resulting in two mrna transcripts, translating into a long and a short protein form. homologues of clone 5 exist in theileria annulata and t. parva according to the available annotated genbank sequences, showing however only the long protein forms in these parasites (genbank accession ... | 2008 | 19120213 |
| influence of subculturing on gene expression in a theileria lestoquardi-infected cell line. | in this study potential molecular markers for identification of attenuation in a theileria lestoquardi-infected cell line to be used in vaccination trials were identified. two markers associated with attenuation in theileria annulata vaccine strains were analyzed (metalloproteinase activity and tnf? mrna expression). the result showed a decreased activity of mmp 9 and decreased mrna expression of tnf? with increasing passage number. suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify pote ... | 2008 | 19178888 |
| identification of theileria uilenbergi immunodominant protein for development of an indirect elisa for diagnosis of ovine theileriosis. | theileriosis of small ruminants in the northwest of china is a protozoan disease that restricts the development of the livestock industry. the disease is caused by infection with theileria uilenbergi and theilerialuwenshuni, both of which are transmitted by ixodid heamaphysalis ticks. the development of serological tools as a means of integrated control of the disease is an urgent and important requirement. here we describe the identification and partial recombinant expression of a t.uilenbergi ... | 2010 | 19900458 |
| identification of clone-9 antigenic protein of theileria uilenbergi and evaluation of its application for serodiagnosis. | the pathogenic protozoan parasite theileria uilenbergi is one of the causative agents of theileriosis in small ruminants in china. the infection results in great economical losses in the northwest part of china. efforts are underway to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on a t. uilenbergi immunodominant recombinantly expressed protein using different approaches in order to perform epidemiological studies in the area. in this study, we describe the possible use of the cl ... | 2010 | 20422216 |
| experimental transmission of theileria lestoquardi by developmental stages of hyalomma anatolicum ticks. | theileria-free hyalomma anatolicum larvae were fed on a naturally infected sheep with theileria lestoquardi. resulting flat nymphs of the tick were able to transmit t. lestoquardi infection upon feeding to 3/3 susceptible sheep. adults emerging from the same batch of larvae were also infective to 3/3 susceptible sheep when they had the infection during their larval feeding. transmission of t. lestoquardi to sheep was confirmed through clinical monitoring, examination of blood and lymph node biop ... | 2010 | 20607288 |
| identification of different theileria species (theileria lestoquardi, theileria ovis, and theileria annulata) in naturally infected sheep using nested pcr-rflp. | ovine theileriosis is an important hemoprotozoal disease of sheep and goats in tropical and subtropical regions that leads to economic losses in these animals. a nested pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) was carried out to identification theileria species in sheep in some area in western half of iran (sari, rasht, urmia, ilam, and ahvaz). two hundred and fifty blood samples were taken from sheep during tick activating season (summer of 2008). microscopic examination revealed tha ... | 2010 | 20978792 |
| first confirmed report of outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis among goats in sudan. | an outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis among goats was confirmed and documented. in this outbreak, 16 out of 22 (72.7%) goats died within 4 days showing clinical signs of malignant ovine theileriosis as well as in the postmortem findings. the goats were reared in a mixed flock with sheep in atbara town, northern sudan. the infection was detected microscopically and confirmed serologically by ifa test and molecularly by pcr technique using specific primer for theileria lestoquardi. hyalomma ... | 2011 | 21537979 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detection of theileria lestoquardi. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for the diagnosis of theileria lestoquardi infection. the primers were designed based on the clone-5 sequence of t. lestoquardi. the specificity and sensitivity of the assay were established. analysis of the specificity showed that the selected lamp primers amplified the target sequence from t. lestoquardi dna successfully, while no amplification was seen with dna from theileria annulata, theileria ovis, babesia ovis, anaplasma ... | 2011 | 21744022 |
| Babesia ovis as the main causative agent of sheep babesiosis in Iran. | Babesiosis is a haemoparasitic disease with high economical losses in livestock industry worldwide. The early diagnosis and successful therapy of babesiosis belong to the key steps of control and health management of livestock. Ethanol-fixed blood samples of 400 sheep were analyzed for Babesia infection. Reverse line blot (RLB) was established specifically for Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria (China 1), Theileria (China 2), Theileria ovis, Theileria separata, Babesia ovis, Babesia motasi, Babesi ... | 2011 | 21975684 |
| a study on ovine tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasites (theileria and babesia) in the east black sea region of turkey. | in this study, the frequency of theileria and babesia species was assessed via reverse line blotting and blood smear-based diagnostic methods in small ruminants. a total of 201 apparently healthy animals from 26 randomly selected herds located in 4 locations (artvin, giresun, gumushane, and tokat) of east black sea region of turkey were investigated for the blood protozoans. in a polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the hypervariable v4 region of the 18s ribosomal rna gene was amplified with a set o ... | 2012 | 22231266 |
| establishment of an artificial tick feeding system to study theileria lestoquardi infection. | the establishment of good experimental models for theileria sp. infection is important for theileriosis research. routinely, infection of ticks is accomplished by feeding on parasite-infected animals (sheep, cows and horses), which raises practical and ethical problems, driving the search for alternative methods of tick infection. artificial tick feeding systems are based mainly on rearing ticks on host-derived or hand-made artificial membranes. we developed a modified feeding assay for infectin ... | 2016 | 28036364 |
| identification of theileria lestoquardi antigens recognized by cd8+ t cells. | as part of an international effort to develop vaccines for theileria lestoquardi, we undertook a limited screen to test t. lestoquardi orthologues of antigens recognised by cd8+ t lymphocyte responses against t. annulata and t. parva in cattle. five mhc defined sheep were immunized by live t. lestoquardi infection and their cd8+ t lymphocyte responses determined. thirteen t. lestoquardi orthologues of t. parva and t. annulata genes, previously shown to be targets of cd8+ t lymphocyte responses o ... | 2016 | 27611868 |
| blood parasites of livestock in certain regions in saudi arabia. | blood samples from camels, sheep, goats and cattle from six regions in saudi arabia were examined for blood parasites. asir region camels were disinfected while those of the eastern, jazan, northern frontiers, riyadh and tabouk regions were infected with trypanosoma evansi (5-40%), those of riyadh and the eastern regions were infected with dipetalonema evansi (1-6%) and those of the eastern, jazan and riyadh regions were infected with eperythrozoon species (8-20%). sheep and goats of all tested ... | 0 | 23961044 |
| molecular and biomorphometrical identification of ovine babesiosis in iran. | ovine babesiosis is the most important haemoparasitic tick-borne disease of small ruminants in iran caused by babesia ovis, b. motasi, and b. crassa. the aim of this study was to characterize the species of ovine babesia species isolated from different geographical region of iran. | 0 | 22347262 |
| tick-borne agents in domesticated and stray cats from the city of campo grande, state of mato grosso do sul, midwestern brazil. | anaplasmataceae agents, piroplasmids and hepatozoon spp. have emerged as important pathogens among domestic and wild felines. the present work aimed to detect the presence of species belonging to the anaplasmataceae family, piroplasmas and hepatozoon spp. dna in blood samples of domesticated and stray cats in the city of campo grande, state of mato grosso do sul, midwestern brazil. between january and april 2013, whole blood samples were collected from 151 cats (54 males, 95 females and two with ... | 2015 | 26187416 |
| molecular detection of theileria spp. and babesia spp. in sheep and ixodid ticks from the northeast of iran. | theilerioses and babesioses are important diseases in iranian sheep. the present study was undertaken to identify and classify/specify theileria spp. and babesia spp. in sheep and vector ticks. investigation was carried out from 2009 to 2011 in the khorasan razavi province, iran. in total, 302 sheep originating from 60 different flocks were clinically examined and their blood collected. in addition, from the same flocks, ixodid ticks were sampled. stained blood smears were microscopically examin ... | 2013 | 22924924 |
| detection of theileria lestoquardi cross infection in cattle with clinical theileriosis in iran. | theileriosis caused by theileria lestoquardi (malignant ovine theileriosis) in sheep and theileria annulata (tropical theileriosis) in cattle is an important hemoprotozoal tick-borne disease in iran. due to major biologic and phylogenic similarities of these two species, this study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of natural infections with t.lestoquardi and t.annulata in cattle with clinical theileriosis in ahvaz, southwest iran. fifty one cattle were selected based on clinical sig ... | 2016 | 27787215 |
| theileria lestoquardi displays reduced genetic diversity relative to sympatric theileria annulata in oman. | the apicomplexan parasites, theileria lestoquardi and theileria annulata, the causative agents of theileriosis in small and large ruminants, are widespread in oman, in areas where cattle, sheep and goats co-graze. genetic analysis can provide insight into the dynamics of the parasite and the evolutionary relationship between species. here we identified ten genetic markers (micro- and mini-satellites) spread across the t. lestoquardi genome, and confirmed their species specificity. we then genoty ... | 2016 | 27166095 |
| identification and characterization of theileria ovis surface protein (tosp) resembled tasp in theileria annulata. | ovine theileriosis is an important hemoprotozoal disease of sheep and goats in tropical and subtropical regions which caused high economic loses in the livestock industry. theileria annulata surface protein (tasp) was used previously as a tool for serological analysis in livestock. since the amino acid sequences of tasp is, at least, in part very conserved in t. annulata, theileria lestoquardi and theileria china i and ii, it is very important to determine the amino acid sequence of this protein ... | 2016 | 26833323 |
| molecular surveillance of theileria ovis, theileria lestoquardi and theileria annulata infection in sheep and ixodid ticks in iran. | a molecular study was undertaken to detect theileria ovis, theileria lestoquardi and theileria annulata in sheep and tick vectors. investigation was conducted from 2010 to 2011 in the south of khorasan razavi province, iran. a total of 150 blood samples were collected from 30 different sheep flocks. in addition, ixodid ticks were sampled from the same flocks. the stained blood smears were microscopically examined for the presence of piroplasms and a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction-restrict ... | 2013 | 24396911 |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of tams1 of theileria annulata isolates from three continents between 2000 and 2012. | theileria annulata, which is part of the theileria sergenti/theileria buffeli/theileria orientalis group, preferentially infects cattle and results in high mortality and morbidity in the mediterranean, middle east, and central asia. the polypeptide tams1 is an immunodominant major merozoite piroplasm surface antigen of t. annulata that could be used as a marker for epidemiological studies and phylogenetic analysis. in the present study, a total of 155 tams1 sequences were investigated for geneti ... | 2014 | 26155166 |
| naturally occurring infections of cattle with theileria lestoquardi and sheep with theileria annulata in the sudan. | theileria annulata is endemic in northern sudan, hindering all efforts at upgrading cattle for milk production. t. lestoquardi clinical cases occur throughout the year and causes annual outbreaks that result in substantial losses in sheep. in the northern sudan both cattle and small ruminants are frequently raised together and/or share common grazing grounds at river banks. in an attempt to evaluate field cross infectivity of theileria lestoquardi and t. annulata in cattle and sheep respectively ... | 2013 | 22951302 |
| the pulmonary involvement in theileria lestoquardi naturally infected sheep. | malignant ovine theileriosis (mot) caused by theileria lestoquardi is considered a major constraint for sheep production in many areas of the world including sudan. pulmonary oedema is thought to be the main cause of animal death, but the mechanism, the cell types involved and/or the probable cause of this pneumonia has yet to be defined. the present study was carried out to investigate the pulmonary involvement post t. lestoquardi infection and to identify the cell types involved in pneumonia. ... | 2016 | 27262956 |
| an experimental ovine theileriosis: the effect of theileria lestoquardi infection on cardiovascular system in sheep. | the malignant ovine theileriosis is caused by theileria lestoquardi, which is highly pathogenic in sheep. theileriosis involves different organs in ruminants, but the effect of the disease on the cardiovascular system is unclear. to understand the pathogenesis of t. lestoquardi on the cardiovascular system, baluchi breed sheep were infected with the mentioned parasite by releasing unfed adults of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, which were infected with t. lestoquardi. the infected sheep were cli ... | 2016 | 27242073 |
| pcr based detection of theileria lestoquardi in apparently healthy sheep and goats from two districts in khyber pukhtoon khwa (pakistan). | the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of theileria lestoquardi from two districts of khyber pukhtoon khwa (kohat and peshawar) in pakistan and also to report the risk factors associated with the spread of ovine theileriosis. a total of 165 blood samples were collected from sheep (n = 44) and goats (n = 121) from randomly selected herds. data on the characteristics of animals and the herds were collected through questionnaires. five (3%) out of total 165 samples produced 7 ... | 2015 | 26691250 |
| first isolation and establishment of in vitro culture of theileria lestoquardi from a naturally infected cow. | theileria infected cell line was isolated from the prescapular lymph node of an adult crossbred cow. molecular study confirmed this cell line of bovine lymphocyte has been transformed by the theileria lestoquardi. this strain of t. lestoquardi designated ka-6 and sheep were inoculated with this strain didn't show any clinical signs of theileriosis which shows the significance of this cell line to develop a tissue-culture vaccine against malignant ovine theileriosis. contrary to accepted belief t ... | 2015 | 26064029 |
| first molecular identification and genetic characterization of theileria lestoquardi in sheep of the maghreb region. | theileria lestoquardi is the most prominent theileria species in small ruminants that causes malignant theileriosis of sheep in africa and asia. in the present survey, blood samples and ticks were collected in kebili (southern tunisia) from 166 queue fine de l'ouest sheep. giemsa-stained blood smears, immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and pcr were performed. the dna was extracted from blood and analysed by pcr targeting 18s rrna gene of theileria spp. and then sequenced. a total number of 1 ... | 2016 | 25208526 |
| vertical transmission of theileria lestoquardi in sheep. | this is the first report of an outbreak of theileria lestoquardi abortion and stillbirth in a mob of 450 ewes in july 2012, during which, approximately 35 late-term ewes lost their fetuses over a 5-day period. a dead ewe and her aborted fetus were transported to the ahvaz veterinary hospital for the diagnostic evaluation. the microbial cultures from the ewe vaginal discharges and fetal abomasal contents and the liver were negative. the blood films of the ewe and her fetus contained theileria pir ... | 2014 | 24813745 |
| attenuation of theileria lestoquardi infected cells and immunization of sheep against malignant ovine theileriosis. | malignant ovine theileriosis caused by theileria lestoquardi is an economically important disease infecting small ruminants in the sudan. the disease causes massive losses among sheep in many regions of northern sudan. the present studies were done to isolate lymphoblastoid cells infected with malignant ovine theileriosis and attenuate them by passage using culture media to develop and produce schizonts candidate vaccine, then test its efficacy and safety by exposing immunized lambs to field cha ... | 2013 | 23954382 |
| molecular detection of theileria spp. in sheep and vector ticks in the north khorasan province, iran. | a survey was carried in north khorasan province, iran in 2010-2011, designed to identify theileria spp. infections of both sheep and ticks. the tick species were also examined. ninety sheep from different flocks were clinically examined, and blood samples and ixodid ticks were collected. light microscopy of blood smears revealed theileria spp. infection in 37 (41.1 %), while 74 (82.2 %) of blood samples were positive using semi-nested pcr. theileria ovis, theileria lestoquardi, and mixed infecti ... | 2013 | 22791188 |
| molecular study of sheep malignant theileriosis at barka region in the sultanate of oman. | we used the pcr technique based on the abovementioned primer pair and sequencing to demonstrate the theileria infection in the sheep samples collected from sultanate of oman. | 2011 | 22347276 |
| molecular detection, infection rate and vectors of theileria lestoquardi in goats from west azerbaijan province, iran. | this study was aimed to determine the infection rate and vectors of theileria lestoquardi in goats from west azerbaijan province, iran. a total of 400 blood samples were collected from 40 randomly selected flocks in the study area from june to september, 2014. out of 400 blood samples examined using microscopic examination, a number of 14 goats (3.50%) were positive for theileria spp., whereas 25 goats (6.25%) yielded a specific t. lestoquardi ssu-rrna fragment (235 bp). the prevalence of theile ... | 2017 | 28785390 |
| experimental theileria lestoquardi infection in sheep: biochemical and hematological changes. | malignant theileriosis (theileria lestoquardi infection) is a hemoparasitic tick-borne disease that affects both wild and domestic small ruminants. the aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical and hematological characteristics of sheep after being experimentally infected by t. lestoquardi. t. lestoquardi infection was induced in seven baluchi sheep of six-to-eight months old via experimentally-infected hyalomma anatolicum adult ticks. biochemical and hematological parameters were measured t ... | 2017 | 28571746 |
| genotyping of theileria lestoquardi from sheep and goats in sudan to support control of malignant ovine theileriosis. | theileriosis, caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus theileria parasites, are among the major tick-borne diseases of ruminant livestock. the largest economic losses are attributed in particular to those caused by the leukoproliferative species of theileria: t. parva, t. annulata and t. lestoquardi. theileria lestoquardi is transmitted by hyalomma ticks and causes malignant ovine theileriosis (mot), a disease that is particularly prevalent in sudan. the disease is considered of a high economic ... | 2017 | 28495200 |