| effect of cadmium on fungi and on interactions between fungi and bacteria in soil: influence of clay minerals and ph. | fungi (rhizopus stolonifer, trichoderma viride, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, cunninghamella echinulata, and several species of aspergillus and penicillium) tolerated higher concentrations of cadmium (cd) when grown in soil than when grown on laboratory media, indicating that soil mitigated the toxic effects of cd. in soil amended with clay minerals, montmorillonite provided partial or total protection against fungistatic effects of cd, whereas additions of kaolinite provided little or ... | 1977 | 18085 |
| microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents. 9. o-demethylation of 9-methoxyellipticine. | microbial transformation studies were conducted with 9-methoxyellipticine (1). several microorganisms including botrytis allii (nrrl 2502), cunninghamella echinulata (nrrl 1386), c. echinulata (nrrl 3655), and penicillium brevicompactum (atcc 10418) achieved o-demethylation of (1) in good yield. p. brevicompactum was used to prepare 9-hydroxyellipticine (4) from 1 for isolation and complete identification. high-performance liquid chromatography was used to verify the identity of the major metabo ... | 1979 | 575547 |
| toxicity of zinc to fungi, bacteria, and coliphages: influence of chloride ions. | a 10 mm concentration of zn2+ decreased the survival of escherichia coli; enhanced the survival of bacillus cereus; did not significantly affect the survival of pseudomonas aeruginosa, norcardia corallina, and t1, t7, p1, and phi80 coliphages; completely inhibited mycelial growth of rhizoctonia solani; and reduced mycelial growth of fusarium solani, cunninghamella echinulata, aspergillus niger, and trichoderma viride. the toxicity of zinc to the fungi, bacteria, and coliphages was unaffected, le ... | 1978 | 736544 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism o-demethylations of papaverine. | 1. papaverine is converted to its 4'-, 6- and 7-desmethyl metabolites when incubated with hepatic microsomal preparations from phenobarbital-induced rats. the 7-desmethyl compound was predominantly formed in these studes. when incubated with guinea-pig microsomal preparations, papaverine was converted to its 6- and 4'-desmethyl metabolites in approximately equal amounts. 2. the o-demethylation of papaverine was studied with sixty micro-organisms. ten organisms (including aspergillus cunninghamel ... | 1977 | 848045 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism. biotransformations of n-methylcarbazole using the fungus cunninghamella echinulata. | the fungal metabolism of n-methylcarbazole (nmc) was investigated during the development of microbial models of mammalian metabolism. nmc was metabolized by the fungus cunninghamella echinulata (atcc 9244) to generate four metabolites: carbazole, n-hydroxymethylcarbazole (nhmc), 3-hydroxycarbazole, and 3-hydroxy-nhmc. carbazole and nhmc are two major metabolites previously identified in mammalian systems, while 3-hydroxycarbazole and 3-hydroxy-nhmc have not been previously reported as metabolite ... | 1992 | 1346994 |
| production of a toxic, novel mammalian metabolite of n-methylcarbazole predicted by a fungal cell model of mammalian metabolism. | the formation of n-hydroxymethylcarbazole (nhmc), carbazole, 1-hydroxy-n-methylcarbazole, 2-hydroxy-n-methylcarbazole, and 3-hydroxy-n-methylcarbazole as products of mammalian liver microsomal metabolism of n-methylcarbazole (nmc) has been documented by several investigators. in previous studies in our laboratory, the fungus cunninghamella echinulata (atcc 9244) produced two new metabolites, 3-hydroxy-n-hydroxymethylcarbazole (3-oh-nhmc), and 3-hydroxycarbazole (3-oh-carbazole), in addition to t ... | 1992 | 1595089 |
| effect of ph and organic matter on the toxicity of heavy metals to growth of some fungi. | increasing the ph from 5 to 9 decreased the toxicity of mercuric chloride, zinc sulfate, lead nitrate, copper sulfate and nickel chloride toward the growth of aspergillus flavus, penicillium chrysogenum, cunninghamella echinulata, myrothecium verrucaria and phoma humicola. on the other hand, the toxicity of cadmium chloride was increased by the increasing ph. also increasing the concentration of organic matter (peptone and yeast extract) from 0.5 to 1.5% induced a significant reduction in the to ... | 1991 | 1822838 |
| novel metabolite structures from biotransformation of a sesquiterpenoid ketone by selected fungal strains. | the sesquiterpenoid ketone, 1,4,4-trimethyltricyclo[5.4.0.0(3.5)]undec-7-en-9-one (1), was subjected to microbial transformation by six fungal strains: aspergillus niger atcc 9142, aspergillus ochraceus dsm 824, beauveria bassiana atcc 7159, cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9244, rhizopus arrhizus atcc 11.145, and absidia blakesleeana atcc 10.148. four main metabolites were formed from 1: 10(r)- and 10(s)-hydroxy-1,4,4-trimethyltricyclo-[5.4.0.0(3.5)]undec-7- en- 9-one (2 and 3, respectively), bes ... | 1991 | 1872996 |
| microbial conversion of milbemycins: hydroxylation of milbemycin a4 and related compounds by cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9244. | many strains of zygomycetes and actinomycetes were found to convert milbemycin a4 (1a) to 13 beta-hydroxymilbemycin a4 (1b). among these strains, cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9244 had the most efficient 13 beta-hydroxylation ability on milbemycins. in the conversion of milbemycin a3 (2a), 29-hydroxymilbemycin a4 (4a), and 30-hydroxymilbemycin a4 (5a) with this strain, only 13 beta-hydroxylated products were obtained. on the other hand, starting from milbemycin a4 (1a) and 5-ketomilbemycin a4 5 ... | 1991 | 2010360 |
| fungal metabolism of 4-substituted amphetamines. | 1. rac.-4-ethoxyamphetamine was incubated with 14 different yeast and fungal microorganisms. 4-hydroxyamphetamine was the major metabolite; traces of n-acetyl-4-ethoxyamphetamine were also detected. 2. the major fungal (cunninghamella) metabolite of 4-propoxyamphetamine and 4-benzyloxyamphetamine was 4-hydroxyamphetamine. the major metabolites of 4-methoxyamphetamine were n-acetyl-4-methoxyamphetamine and 4-hydroxyamphetamine. 3. acetoin derivatives were formed when alkoxyamphetamine substrates ... | 1990 | 2219953 |
| microbial metabolism of phenelzine and pheniprazine. | phenelzine and pheniprazine were used as substrates for metabolic studies with cunninghamella echinulata and mycobacterium smegmatis. metabolites were identified by means of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 1-acetyl-2-(2-phenylethyl)-hydrazine and 1-acetyl-2-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)hydrazine were the major products of c. echinulata metabolism of phenelzine and pheniprazine, respectively. in addition, m. smegmatis produced a second metabolite from each substrate; these metabolites ... | 1988 | 2892108 |
| microbial transformations of antitumor compounds. 1. conversion of acronycine to 9-hydroxyacronycine by cunninghamella echinulata. | | 1974 | 4829940 |
| [lipid composition of (+) and (-) strains of cunninghamella elegans and cunninghamella echinulata]. | | 1972 | 5043503 |
| microbial reduction of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1- piperazinyl]butan-1-one. | among various micro-organisms screened for the stereoselective reduction of 4-chloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one (1), hansenula polymorpha [american type culture collection (a.t.c.c.) 26012 and 86014], nocardia salmonicolor [squibb culture (s.c.) 6370], arthobacter simplex (a.t.c.c. 6949), mycobacterium vaccae (a.t.c.c. 29678), candida boidinii (a.t.c.c. 13821) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (a.t.c.c. 13792) reduced compound 1 to the corresponding (r)-(+)-alcohol (2). in contrast, lactobacillus ... | 1993 | 8166884 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism. fungal metabolism of phenolic and nonphenolic p-cymene-related drugs and prodrugs. ii. metabolites of nonphenolic derivatives. | a cymene-derived drug, 3-[4'-(o-ethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1'-yl]-ethyloxy-p-cymene+ ++ (b1178), is not significantly metabolized by fungal microorganisms. on the contrary, one of its metabolites in rat, 3-(piperazin-1'-yl)ethoxy-p-cymene (b1071), is quantitatively converted by cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 3655 into two hydroxylated products: the corresponding phenol derivative and a benzylic alcohol derivative. other strains, such as beauveria bassiana atcc 7159 and mortierella isabellina mmp 108 ... | 1997 | 9172948 |
| stereoselective metabolism of rac-mexiletine by the fungus cunninghamella echinulata yields the major human metabolites hydroxymethylmexiletine and p-hydroxymexiletine. | rac-mexiletine is an orally effective class 1b antiarrhythmic agent used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. in vivo experiments have demonstrated. it is predominantly metabolized by the liver with < 10% excreted as unchanged drug. the major mammalian metabolites have been identified as p-hydroxymexiletine (phm) and hydroxymethylmexiletine (hmm). the purpose of our study was to determine whether the fungus cunninghamella echinulata, which possesses a cytochrome p450 system analogous to that found ... | 1997 | 9193869 |
| novel microbial hydroxylation of 13-ethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. | the microbial transformation of the dl and the d-enantiomer of 13-ethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one (1) were investigated. poor yields and poor resolutions were usually obtained for the hydroxylation reactions. transformation of 1 by cunninghamella blakesleeana gave 6 beta-, 7 beta-, 10 beta-, 15 alpha-hydroxy derivatives 4, 5, 6, 7, and 6 beta,10 beta-dihydroxy derivative 8; transformation of 1 by cunninghamella echinulata afforded 5, 6, and 8. biotransformation ... | 1998 | 9516718 |
| purification, characterization and complete amino acid sequence of nuclease c1 from cunninghamella echinulata var. echinulata. | it is known, from the zymogram method of nuclease activity assay, that the crude extracts of cunninghamella echinulata var. echinulata contained at least three distinct extracellular nucleases. among them, the major form was 30 kda in molecular mass and termed nuclease c1. in this report, nuclease c1 was purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatography on cibacron blue-3ga, phenyl-sepharose 4b and hitrap heparin. nuclease c1 acquired enzymatic activity in the presence of mn2+ or mg2+ and was i ... | 1998 | 9746353 |
| protein structure and gene cloning of syncephalastrum racemosum nuclease. | the complete amino acid sequence of the fungus syncephalastrum racemosum (sr-) nuclease has been delineated on the basis of protein sequencing of the intact protein and its protease-digested peptides. the resulting 250-residue sequence shows a carbohydrate side chain attached at asn134 and two half-cystine residues (cys242 and cys247) cross-linked to form a small disulphide loop. on the basis of the sequence of sr-nuclease, a computer search in the sequence database yielded 60% and 48% positiona ... | 1999 | 10191256 |
| microbial transformation of sesquiterpene lactones by the fungi cunninghamella echinulata and rhizopus oryzae | incubations of the fungi cunninghamella echinulata and rhizopus oryzae with the sesquiterpene lactones (+)-costunolide (1), (+)-cnicin (2), (+)-salonitenolide (3), (-)-dehydrocostuslactone (4), (-)-lychnopholide (5), and (-)-eremantholide c (6) were perfomed. incubation of 1 with c. echinulata afforded delta11(13)-dihydrogenation and delta1(10)-epoxidation products (7-10). c. echinulata also hydrolyzed the side chain of 2, and transformed 4 into (+)-11alpha,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone (12), a ... | 1999 | 10346955 |
| biotransformation of protriptyline by filamentous fungi and yeasts. | 1. the potential of various fungi to metabolize protriptyline (an extensively used antidepressant) was studied to investigate similarities between mammalian and microbial metabolism. 2. metabolites produced by each organism were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. the metabolites identified in one or more fungi were 2-hydroxyprotriptyline, n-desmethylprotriptyline, n-acetylprotriptyline, n-acetoxyprotriptyline, 14-ox ... | 1999 | 10456691 |
| fungal metabolism of toluene: monitoring of fluorinated analogs by (19)f nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | we used isomeric fluorotoluenes as model substrates to study the catabolism of toluene by five deuteromycete fungi and one ascomycete fungus capable of growth on toluene as the sole carbon and energy source, as well as by two fungi (cunninghamella echinulata and aspergillus niger) that cometabolize toluene. whole cells were incubated with 2-, 3-, and 4-fluorotoluene, and metabolites were characterized by (19)f nuclear magnetic resonance. oxidation of fluorotoluene by c. echinulata was initiated ... | 2001 | 11229888 |
| microbial hydroxylation of (+/-)- and (-)-(2z,4e)-5-(1',2'-epoxy-2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid into (+/-)- and (-)-xanthoxin acid by cunninghamella echinulata. | microbial hydroxylation of (+/-)-(2z,4e)-5-(1',2'-epoxy-2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (3a) with cercospora cruenta, a fungus producing (+)-abscisic acid, gave a four-stereoisomeric mixture consisting of (+)- and (-)-xanthoxin acid (4a), and (+)- and (-)-epi-xanthoxin acid (5a) by an hplc analysis with a chiral column. screening of the microorganisms capable of oxidizing (+/-)-3a showed that cunninghamella echinulata stereoselectively oxidized (+/-)-3a to xanthoxin ... | 2001 | 11388477 |
| biotransformation of phenylurea herbicides by a soil bacterial strain, arthrobacter sp. n2: structure, ecotoxicity and fate of diuron metabolite with soil fungi. | in order to assess the influence of the aromatic substitution on the ability of a soil bacterial strain, arthrobacter sp. n2, to degrade phenylurea herbicides, biotransformation assays were performed in mineral medium with resting cells of this soil bacterial strain on three phenylurea herbicides (diuron, chlorotoluron and isoproturon). each herbicide considered, led to the formation of only one metabolite detected by hplc analysis. after isolation, the metabolites were identified by nmr and ms, ... | 2002 | 11838430 |
| microbial transformation of naproxen by cunninghamella species. | the metabolites of naproxen produced by cunninghamella species were isolated and identified, and further to compare the similarities between microbial transformation and mammalian metabolism. | 2003 | 12740180 |
| microbial metabolites of harman alkaloids. | several microorganisms showed the ability to transform the harman alkaloids, harmaline (1), harmalol (2) and harman (5). harmaline (1) and harmalol (2) were converted by rhodotorula rubra atcc 20129 into the tryptamines, 2-acetyl-3-(2-acetamidoethyl)-7-methoxyindole (3) and 2-acetyl-3-(2-acetamidoethyl)-7-hydroxyindole (4), respectively. harman (5) was biotransformed by cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 3655 into 6-hydroxyharman (6) and harman-2-oxide (7). | 2003 | 12808240 |
| in-vitro metabolism of the new anxiolytic agent, rwj-50172, in rat hepatic s9 fraction and microbial transformation in fungi, cunninghamella sp. | the in-vitro biotransformation of the anxiolytic agent, rwj-50172 was studied after incubation with rat hepatic s9 fraction in the presence of an nadph-generating system, and incubating with cunninghamella echinulata in soy-bean medium. unchanged rwj-50172 (80% of the sample in rat; 86% in fungi) plus 6 metabolites (m1-m6) were profiled, quantified and tentatively identified on the basis of api-ms/ms data. the metabolic pathways for rwj-50172 are proposed, and the four metabolic pathways are: py ... | 2003 | 12956899 |
| microbial hydroxylation of indole alkaloids. | the hydroxylation of the indole-type alkaloids, yohimbine, alpha-yohimbine, beta-yohimbine, and corynanthine, was achieved with several genera of higher fungi and species of streptomyces. microorganisms were found which monohydroxylated these compounds in three different positions. the site of hydroxylation was strain-specific for two strains of cunninghamella echinulata and c. bainieri. | 1964 | 14131361 |
| [microbial transformation of sinenxan a, a rich constituent in callus cultures of taxus]. | to study the microbial transformation of sinenxan a. | 2003 | 14515806 |
| identification and biological activity of microbial metabolites of xanthohumol. | microbial transformation of xanthohumol using the culture broth of cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 3655 afforded (2s)-8-[4"-hydroxy-3"-methyl-(2"-z)-butenyl]-4',7-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone (5) and (2s)-8-[5"-hydroxy-3"-methyl-(2"-e)-butenyl]-4',7-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone (6). xanthohumol (1) and flavanone 6 as well as (e)-2"-(2"'-hydroxyisopropyl)-dihydrofurano[2",3":4',3']-2',4-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone (2), (2s)-2"-(2"'-hydroxyisopropyl)-dihydrofurano[2",3":7,8]-4'-hydroxy-5-methoxyfl ... | 2003 | 14600365 |
| microbial transformations of alpha-santonin. | fungal biotransformations of alpha-santonin (1) were conducted with mucor plumbeus (atcc 4740), cunninghamella bainieri (atcc 9244), cunninghamella echinulata (atcc 9245), curvularia lunata (atcc 12017) and rhizopus stolonifer (atcc 10404). rhizopus stolonifer (atcc 10404) metabolized compound 1 to afford 3,4-epoxy-alpha-santonin (2) and 4,5-dihydro-alpha-santonin (3) while cunninghamella bainieri (atcc 9244), cunninghamella echinulata (atcc 9245) and mucor plumbeus (atcc 4740) were capable of m ... | 2004 | 15241928 |
| repression of reserve lipid turnover in cunninghamella echinulata and mortierella isabellina cultivated in multiple-limited media. | to study patterns of reserve lipid biosynthesis and turnover (degradation) in two oleaginous zygomycetes, namely cunninghamella echinulata and mortierella isabellina under various growth conditions. fatty acid composition of the reserve lipid of both strains was also studied in all growth steps. | 2004 | 15357737 |
| effect of two systemic fungicides on cellulose decomposing fungi of tomato plants and on some enzymatic activities. | kocide 101 (77% cupric hydroxide) and ridomil plus (15% metalaxyl and 35% copper oxychloride) were used in the treatment of tomato plants. the two fungicides exerted a depressive effect on the total counts and on the individual cellulose decomposing fungal species associated with the roots and shoots of tomato. when these fungicides were incorporated in the liquid culture medium specified for growth and extracellular enzyme production by some selected fungal species, there was a significant redu ... | 2004 | 15704330 |
| bioconversion of stemodia maritima diterpenes and derivatives by cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans and phanerochaete chrysosporium. | stemodane and stemarane diterpenes isolated from the plant stemodia maritima and their dimethylcarbamate derivatives were fed to growing cultures of the fungi cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans atcc 8688a and phanerochaete chrysosporium atcc 24725. c. echinulata transformed stemodin (1) to its 7alpha-hydroxy- (2), 7beta-hydroxy- (3) and 3beta-hydroxy- (4) analogues. 2alpha-(n,n-dimethylcarbamoxy)-13-hydroxystemodane (6) gave 2alpha-(n,n-dimethylcarbamoxy)-6alpha,13-dihydroxystemodane (7) and ... | 2006 | 16725164 |
| novel microbial transformations of sclareolide. | fungal catalysis of sclareolide (1) using mucor plumbeus (atcc 4740), cunninghamella blakesleeana (atcc 9245), cunninghamella echinulata (atcc 9244), curvularia lunata (atcc 12017) and aspergillus niger (atcc 1004), was performed. cunninghamella blakesleeana (atcc 9245) metabolized compound 1 to afford o(6)-sclareolide (2), 3beta,6alpha-dihydroxysclareolide (3), 9-hydroxysclareolide (4), along with three known metabolites, 1beta,3beta-dihydroxysclareolide (5), 3-oxosclareolide (6) and 3beta-hydr ... | 2007 | 17202714 |
| in vitro susceptibility to fungicides by invertebrate-pathogenic and saprobic fungi. | the effect of five fungicides, benomyl (1 mg/l), dodine (50 mg/l), manzate (100 mg/l), cupric sulphate (200 mg/l) and thiabendazole (4 mg/l) was tested under in vitro conditions on development of 15 isolates of fungi pathogenic for insects and other invertebrates (beauveria brongniartii, culicinomyces clavisporus, duddingtonia flagrans, hirsutella thompsonii, two metarhizium anisopliae, nomuraea rileyi, two isaria/paecilomyces spp., and sporothrix insectorum) and 13 isolates of contaminant fungi ... | 2007 | 17574540 |
| diversity of microflora in the gut and casts of tropical composting earthworms reared on different substrates. | the diversity of fungi, bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and protozoa were analysed in the gut and casts of eudrilus eugeniae, lampito mauritii, eisenia fetida and perionyx excavatus, both qualitatively and quantitatively as influenced by different feed substrates like clay loam soil, cowdung and pressmud. while actinomycetes (streptomyces albus, s. somaliensis, nocardia asteroides, n. caviae and saccharomonosporia) were not digested by any of these species of worms, protozoa (amoeba proteus, a. t ... | 2007 | 17717992 |
| biotransformations of imbricatolic acid by aspergillus niger and rhizopus nigricans cultures. | microbial transformation of imbricatolic acid (1) by aspergillus niger afforded 1alpha-hydroxyimbricatolic acid (2), while transformation with rhizopus nigricans yielded 15-hydroxy-8,17-epoxylabdan-19-oic acid (3). when the diterpene 1 was added to a cunninghamella echinulata culture, the main products were the microbial metabolites mycophenolic acid (4) and its 3-hydroxy derivative 5. all the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. the cytotoxicity of these compounds towards human ... | 2007 | 17873843 |
| microbial transformation of spirolaxine, a bioactive undecaketide fungal metabolite from the basidiomycete sporotrichum laxum. | incubation of (+)-spirolaxine (= (3r)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-{5-[(2r,5r,7r)-2-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-yl]pentyl}-2-benzofuran-1(3h)-one; 1a) with bacillus megaterium afforded two new mono- and one new dihydroxylated metabolite(s), all oh groups being introduced on the non-activated six-membered ring. in contrast, exposure of 1a to cunninghamella echinulata gave rise to hydroxylation on the five-membered ring of the parent structure. the structures and absolute configurations of the new pr ... | 2007 | 18081087 |
| gamma-linolenic acid production by cunninghamella echinulata growing on complex organic nitrogen sources. | growth of two strains of cunninghamella echinulata on various nitrogen containing raw materials (corn gluten, corn steep, whey concentrate,yeast extract and tomato waste hydrolysate) yielded important amounts of biomass containing various quantities of gamma-linolenic acid (gla) rich cellular lipids. especially, growth on tomato waste hydrolysate (twh) yielded 17.6 g/l of biomass containing 39.6% oil and significant quantities of gla corresponding to 800 mg/l gla. mycelium-bounded proteolytic ac ... | 2008 | 18609766 |
| enhanced bioaugmentation of petroleum- and salt-contaminated soil using wheat straw. | a new bioaugmentation method for petroleum- and salt-contaminated soil was presented, in which wheat straw was used to enhance salt leaching and subsequent petroleum degradation by a bacteria-fungi consortium of enterobacter cloacae and cunninghamella echinulata. the effectiveness of a coarse wheat straw layer in inhibiting capillary-induced upward salt movement and in enhancing growth of e. cloacae and c. echinulata was shown in the laboratory and a 7000-m(2) field study in henan province, chin ... | 2008 | 18842285 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza and petroleum-degrading microorganisms enhance phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. | while plants can phytoremediate soils that are contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, adding microbes to remediate contaminated sites with petroleum-degrading microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) is not well understood. the phytoremediation of arabian medium crude oil (aco) was done with a lolium multiflorum system inoculated with an amf (glomus intraradices) and a mixture of petroleum-degrading microorganisms--the bacterium, sphingomonas paucimobilis (sp) and the filamentous ... | 2008 | 19260211 |
| spectrum of zygomycete species identified in clinically significant specimens in the united states. | several members of the order mucorales (subphylum mucoromycotina) are important agents of severe human infections. the identification of these fungi by using standard mycologic methods is often difficult and time consuming. frequently, the etiological agent in clinical cases is reported either as a mucor sp., which is not the most frequent genus of zygomycetes, or only as a member of the mucorales. for this reason, the actual spectrum of species of zygomycetes and their incidences in the clinica ... | 2009 | 19386856 |
| microbial reactions on 7alpha-hydroxyfrullanolide and evaluation of biotransformed products for antibacterial activity. | 7alpha-hydroxyfrullanolide (1), a known sesquiterpenoid, was isolated from sphaeranthus indicus using an antibacterial-activity-directed fractionation method. this compound had exhibited a significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. chemical and microbial reactions were performed to prepare eight different analogues of compound 1 in order to evaluate these newly synthesized compounds for antibacterial activity. these compounds were 1beta,7alpha-dihydroxyfrullanolide (2), 7 ... | 2009 | 19774607 |
| bioactive microbial metabolites from glycyrrhetinic acid. | biotransformation of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, using absidia pseudocylinderospora atcc 24169, gliocladium viride atcc 10097 and cunninghamella echinulata atcc 8688a afforded seven metabolites, which were identified by different spectroscopic techniques (1h, 13c nmr, dept, 1h-1h cosy, hmbc and hmqc). three of these metabolites, viz. 15alpha-hydroxy-18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, 13beta-hydroxy-7alpha,27-oxy-12-dihydro-18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid and 1alpha-hydroxy-18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid are ne ... | 2010 | 19836031 |
| production of gamma-linolenic acid in pichia pastoris by expression of a delta-6 desaturase gene from cunninghamella echinulata. | gamma-linolenic acid (gla, c18:3 delta(6,9,12)) is synthesized by a delta-6 fatty acid desaturase using linoleic acid (la, c18:2 delta(9,12)) as a substrate. to enable the production of gla in the conventional yeast pichia pastoris, we have isolated a cdna encoding the delta-6 fatty acid desaturase from cunninghamella echinulata mian6 and confirmed its function by heterogeneous expression in p. pastoris. sequence analysis indicated that this cdna sequence has an open reading frame of 1,404 bp, w ... | 2009 | 19884765 |
| in vitro and in vivo antifungal susceptibilities of the mucoralean fungus cunninghamella. | we have determined the in vitro activities of amphotericin b (amb), voriconazole, posaconazole (psc), itraconazole (itc), ravuconazole, terbinafine, and caspofungin against five strains of cunninghamella bertholletiae and four of cunninghamella echinulata. the best activity was shown by terbinafine against both species (mic range = 0.3 to 0.6 μg/ml) and psc against cunninghamella bertholletiae (mic = 0.5 μg/ml). we have also evaluated the efficacies of psc, itc, and amb in neutropenic and diabet ... | 2010 | 20805397 |
| xenobiotic biotransformation of 4-methoxy-n-methyl-2-quinolone, isolated from zanthoxylum monophyllum. | phytochemical evaluation of zanthoxylum monophyllum has led to the isolation of the alkaloid 4-methoxy-n-methyl-2-quinolone (1) with a significant activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), with an ic50 value of 1.5 microg/ml. xenobiotic biotransformation of 1 has been conducted with the general goal of increasing the bioactivity of the compound and contributing new leads for further pharmacological research. twenty-nine microorganisms were used for screening and two (a ... | 2010 | 20923009 |
| microbial transformations of aryltetralone and aryltetralin lignans by cunninghamella echinulata and beauveria bassiana. | microbiological transformation of the aryltetralone lignan (-)-8'-epi-aristoligone (1) with cunninghamella echinulata atcc 10028b afforded two known natural lignans, (-)-holostyligone (3) and (-)-arisantetralone (4). incubation of the aryltetralin lignan (-)-isogalbulin (2), obtained by chemical transformation of 1, with c. echinulata atcc 10028b afforded the known lignan aryltetralol (5) and seven new metabolites, (-)-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (6), (-)-7-methoxyisogalbulin (7), (-)-4'-o-demethyl-8-h ... | 2010 | 20961092 |
| cunninghamella echinulata a new biosorbent of metal ions from polluted water in egypt. | thirty-two fungal species were isolated from a polluted watercourse near the talkha fertilizer plant, mansoura province, egypt. aspergillus niger, a. flavus, cunninghamella echinulata and trichoderma koningii were isolated frequently. on the basis of its frequency, cunninghamella echinulata was chosen for biosorption studies. free and immobilized biomass of c. echinulata sequestered ions in this decreasing sequence is: pb >cu >zn. the effects of biomass concentration, ph and time of contact were ... | 2004 | 21148940 |
| microbial metabolism. part 12. | fermentation of 4'-hydroxyflavanone (1) with fungal cultures, beauveria bassiana (atcc 13144 and atcc 7159) yielded 6,3',4'-trihydroxyflavanone (2), 3',4'-dihydroxyflavanone 6-o-β-d-4-methoxyglucopyranoside (3), 4'-hydroxyflavanone 3'-sulfate (4), 6,4'-dihydroxyflavanone 3'-sulfate (5) and 4'-hydroxyflavanone 6-o-β-d-4-methoxyglucopyranoside (7). b. bassiana (atcc 13144) and b. bassiana (atcc 7159) in addition, gave one more metabolite each, namely, flavanone 4'-o-β-d-4-methoxyglucopyranoside (6 ... | 2011 | 21628902 |
| production of +¦-linolenic acid using a novel heterologous expression system in the oleaginous yeast lipomyces kononenkoae. | a novel expression system was established in the oleaginous yeast, lipomyces kononenkoae. the expression vector plk-rhphg of l. kononenkoae was constructed and using the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene and green fluorescent protein gene as reporter genes. a delta 6-fatty acid desaturase gene (d6dm) from cunninghamella echinulata mian6 was then expressed in this strain. the recombinant strain accumulated about 1.2% +¦-linolenic acid in the total fatty acids. | 2011 | 21681556 |
| Lipids Containing Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesized by Zygomycetes Grown on Glycerol. | Several strains of Zygomycetes cultivated on glycerol produced mycelia rich in lipids containing higher amounts of neutral lipids (NL) than glycolipids plus sphingolipids and phospholipids (P), while biosynthesis of P in Mortierella ramanniana, Mucor sp., and Cunninghamella echinulata occurred though NL accumulation process was in progress. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentration gradually decreased in all lipid fractions of M. ramanniana during growth. In contrast, in C. echinulata con ... | 2011 | 22057906 |
| entrapment of mycelial fragments in calcium alginate: a general technique for the use of immobilized filamentous fungi in biocatalysis. | transformation reactions on 3β,17β-dihydroxyandrost-5-ene using free fungal cells were compared with those carried out by macerated mycelia, immobilized in calcium alginate beads. six fungi were utilized in this study, namely rhizopus oryzae atcc 11145, mucor plumbeus atcc 4740, cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans atcc 8688a, aspergillus niger atcc 9142, phanerochaete chrysosporium atcc 24725 and whetzelinia sclerotiorum atcc 18687. the results show, for the first time, that encapsulated myce ... | 2012 | 22064215 |
| microbiological systems in organic synthesis: preparation of racemic prenalterol utilizing cunninghamella echinulata. | the fungal microorganism cunninghamella echinulata was utilized to para-hydroxylate the synthetic substrate (+/-)-1-isopropylamino-3-phenoxy-propan-2-ol (1). the resulting product, (+/-)-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-isopropylamino-propan-2-ol, or (+/-)-prenalterol, (2) was formed in greater than 85% yield. extracts from incubates were derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and the concentrations of 1 and 2 were determined by gc on a fused silica methyl silicone capillary column with nitrogen-phosp ... | 2013 | 3572760 |
| microbial biotransformation of furosemide for environmental risk assessment: identification of metabolites and toxicological evaluation. | some widely prescribed drugs are sparsely metabolized and end up in the environment. they can thus be a focal point of ecotoxicity, either themselves or their environmental transformation products. in this context, we present a study concerning furosemide, a diuretic, which is mainly excreted unchanged. we investigated its biotransformation by two environmental fungi, aspergillus candidus and cunninghamella echinulata. the assessment of its ecotoxicity and that of its metabolites was performed u ... | 2016 | 27557972 |
| new metabolites from fungal biotransformation of an oral contraceptive agent: methyloestrenolone. | fungal cell cultures were used for the first time for the biotransformation of methyloestrenolone (1), an oral contraceptive. fermentation of 1 with macrophomina phaseolina, aspergillus niger, gibberella fujikuroi, and cunninghamella echinulata produced eleven metabolites 2-12, six of which 2-5, 11 and 12 were found to be new. these metabolites were resulted from the hydroxylation at c-1, c-2, c-6, c-10, c-11, and c-17α-ch3, as well as aromatization of ring a of the steroidal skeleton of substra ... | 2013 | 23357433 |
| biosynthesis of human diazepam and clonazepam metabolites. | a screening of fungal and microbial strains allowed to select the best microorganisms to produce in high yields some of the human metabolites of two benzodiazepine drugs, diazepam and clonazepam, in order to study new pharmacological activities and for chemical standard proposes. among the microorganisms tested, cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9244 and rhizopus arrhizus atcc 11145 strains, were the most active producers of the mains metabolites of diazepam which included demethylated, hydroxylate ... | 2015 | 25655722 |
| studies on fast and slow growth in fungi. 3. hormonal picture in media and mats of cunninghamella echinulata and cladosporium herbarum. | | 1973 | 4798351 |
| studies on fast and slow growth in fungi. ii. comparative growth of cunninghamella echinulata and cladosporium herbarum in the light of their carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. | | 1973 | 4798350 |
| studies on fast and slow growth in fungi. i. comparative growth of cunninghamella echinulata and cladosporium herbarum as affected by cultural conditions. | | 1973 | 4798349 |
| microbial transformation of contraceptive drug etonogestrel into new metabolites with cunninghamella blakesleeana and cunninghamella echinulata. | biotransformation of a steroidal contraceptive drug, etonogestrel (1), (13-ethyl-17β-hydroxy-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one) was investigated with cunninghamella blakesleeana and c. echinulata. five metabolites 2-6 were obtained on incubation of 1 with cunninghamella blakesleeana, and three metabolites, 2, 4, and 6 were isolated from the transformation of 1 with c. echinulata. among them, metabolites 2-4 were identified as new compounds. their structures were deduced as 6β-h ... | 2016 | 27501744 |
| microbial transformation of the anti-diabetic agent corosolic acid by cunninghamella echinulata. | the pentacyclic triterpenoid corosolic acid was metabolized by cunninghamella echinulata cgmcc 3.2000 to its c-24 aldehyde group metabolite and five other hydroxylated metabolites: madasiatic acid (2), 2α, 3β, 7β-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (3), 2α, 3β, 15α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (4), 2α, 3β, 6β, 7β-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2α, 3β, 7β, 15α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), and 2α, 3β,7β-trihydroxy-24-al-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (7); compounds 3, 5, and 7 were new com ... | 2016 | 27240189 |
| one step n-glycosylation by filamentous fungi biofilm in bioreactor of a new phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor tetrazole. | an efficient and rapid process for n-glycosylation of 5-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)-2h-tetrazole-lqfm 021 (1), a new synthetic derivative of pyrazole with phosphodiesterase-3 (pde-3) inhibitory action, vasorelaxant activity and low toxicity catalyzed by filamentous fungi biofilm in bioreactor was successfully developed. a maximum n-glycosyl yield of 68% was obtained with cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9244 biofilm in bioreactor with conditions of 25mgml(-1) of 1 in pdsm medium at 28°c f ... | 2016 | 27209234 |
| biotransformation of patchoulol by cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans. | biocatalysis of patchoulol (pa) was performed by the fungus cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans. eight metabolites (1-8) including four new compounds were obtained, and their structures were elucidated as (5r,8s)-5,8 dihydroxypatchoulol (1), (5r*,9r*)-5,9 dihydroxypatchoulol (2), (6s*, 9s*)-6,9 dihydroxypatchoulol (3), and (4r*)-4 hydroxypatchoulol (4) by spectroscopic analysis. the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. | 2016 | 26778089 |
| simple, effective protein extraction method and proteomics analysis from polyunsaturated fatty acids-producing micro-organisms. | polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) are valuable ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical products due to their beneficial influence on human health. most studies paid attention on the production of pufas from oleaginous micro-organisms but seldom on the comparative proteomics of cells. in the study, three methods (i.e., cold shock, acetone precipitation and ethanol precipitation) for lipid removal from crude protein extracts were applied in different pufas-producing micro-organisms. among the ... | 2015 | 26391510 |
| carbazole hydroxylation by the filamentous fungi of the cunninghamella species. | nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, especially carbazole, quinolone, and pyridine are common types of environmental pollutants. carbazole has a toxic influence on living organisms, and the knowledge of its persistence and bioconversion in ecosystems is still not complete. there is an increasing interest in detoxification of hazardous xenobiotics by microorganisms. in this study, the ability of three filamentous fungi of the cunninghamella species to eliminate carbazole was evaluated. the cunningham ... | 2015 | 26276273 |
| microbial metabolism of atovaquone and cytotoxicity of the produced phase i metabolite. | atovaquone is a hydroxynaphthoquinone with selective action in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of malaria parasite. it is employed for both the treatment and prevention of malaria, in a combination with proguanil. the aim of this study was to elucidate the in vitro metabolites from atovaquone and to evaluate their cytotoxic activities. | 2016 | 26253156 |
| in situ hydrogen, acetone, butanol, ethanol and microdiesel production by clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824 from oleaginous fungal biomass. | an in situ batch fermentation technique was employed for biohydrogen, acetone, butanol, ethanol and microdiesel production from oleaginous fungal biomass using the anaerobic fermentative bacterium clostridium acetobutylicum atcc 824. oleaginous fungal cunninghamella echinulata biomass which has ability to accumulate up to 71% cellular lipid was used as the substrate carbon source. the maximum cumulative hydrogen by c. acetobutylicum atcc 824 from crude c. echinulata biomass was 260 ml h2 l(-1), ... | 2015 | 26014369 |
| whole-cell mediated 11β-hydroxylation on the basic limonoid skeleton by cunninghamella echinulata. | regio- and stereoselective 11β-hydroxylation was achieved on the basic limonoid skeleton through microbial transformation. whole cells of cunninghamella echinulata efficiently converted basic limonoids such as epoxyazadiradione, azadiradione, and gedunin to their 11β-hydroxy analogues as the sole metabolite. fermentation conditions affecting the efficiency (96%) of biotransformation including substrate concentration, incubation period, ph, and temperature were optimized. the position and stereoc ... | 2015 | 25985231 |
| a new and fast dllme-ce method for the enantioselective analysis of zopiclone and its active metabolite after fungal biotransformation. | zopiclone (zo) is a chiral drug that undergoes extensive metabolism to n-desmethylzopiclone (n-des-zo) and zopiclone-n-oxide (n-ox-zo). pharmacological studies have shown (s)-n-des-zo metabolite presents anxiolytic activity and a patent for this metabolite was requested for anxiety treatment and related disorders. in this context, biotransformation employing fungi may be a promising strategy to obtain n-des-zo. to perform the biotransformation study in this work, an enantioselective method based ... | 2015 | 25778930 |
| biosurfactant-and-bioemulsifier produced by a promising cunninghamella echinulata isolated from caatinga soil in the northeast of brazil. | a mucoralean fungus was isolated from caatinga soil of pernambuco, northeast of brazil, and was identified as cunninghamella echinulata by morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests. this strain was evaluated for biosurfactant/bioemulsifier production using soybean oil waste (sow) and corn steep liquor (csl) as substrates, added to basic saline solution, by measuring surface tension and emulsifier index and activity. the best results showed the surface water tension was reduced from 72 ... | 2014 | 25257520 |
| stereo and regioselective microbial reduction of the clerodane diterpene 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene. | the biotransformation of the clerodane diterpene, 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4-hydroxy-cleroda-13(16),14-diene (1), obtained from croton micans var. argyroglossum (baill.) mill., was investigated for the first time. whole cells of cunninghamella echinulata and rhizopus stolonifer were used as enzymatic systems, and with both fungi the only biotransformation product obtained was the new ent-neo-clerodane diterpene (3r,4s,5s,8s,9r,10s)-3,4-dihydroxy-15,16-epoxy-12-oxo-cleroda-13(16),14-diene (2a). the ... | 2014 | 25115072 |
| microbial transformation of nandrolone with cunninghamella echinulata and cunninghamella blakesleeana and evaluation of leishmaniacidal activity of transformed products. | therapeutic potential of nandrolone and its derivatives against leishmaniasis has been studied. a number of derivatives of nandrolone (1) were synthesized through biotransformation. microbial transformation of nandrolone (1) with cunninghamella echinulata and cunninghamella blakesleeana yielded three new metabolites, 10β,12β,17β-trihydroxy-19-nor-4-androsten-3-one (2), 10β,16α,17β-trihydroxy-19-nor-4-androsten-3-one (3), and 6β,10β,17β-trihydroxy-19-nor-4-androsten-3-one (4), along with four kno ... | 2014 | 25014252 |
| substrates enriched by the fungus cunninghamella echinulata: an in vitro study of nutrient composition, sheep rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism. | enrichment of wheat bran (wb), corn meal (cm) and barley flakes (bf) with the oleaginous fungus cunninghamella echinulata (ce) might lead to effective use of these by-products in ruminant nutrition. we examined their effects on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism. | 2014 | 24995934 |
| bio-detoxification of phorbol esters and other anti-nutrients of jatropha curcas seed cake by fungal cultures using solid-state fermentation. | jatropha seed cake, a byproduct after biodiesel extraction, has several anti-nutrients and toxins. solid-state fermentation was carried out for the detoxification of the jatropha seed cake (jsc) using different fungal cultures. the reduction in the anti-nutritional components such as tannins, phytates, saponins, lectin and protease inhibitor, and phorbol esters on 6th, 9th, and 12th day of fermentation was analyzed. the phorbol ester content in the unfermented jsc was 0.83 mg/g, and the maximum ... | 2014 | 24435764 |
| the olive mill wastewater as substrate for single cell oil production by zygomycetes. | the conversion of olive mill wastewater (omw) into high added value lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa), in parallel with a significant phenolic removal by selected strains of zygomycetes, is reported here for the first time. the growth of mortierella isabellina, mortierella ramanniana, cunninghamella echinulata, mucor sp., thamnidium elegans and zygorhynchus moelleri on solidified media was not significantly affected by the presence of omw used in the growth medium up to 50% (v ... | 2014 | 24316440 |
| in vitro metabolism of monensin a: microbial and human liver microsomes models. | 1. monensin a, an important antibiotic ionophore that is primarily employed to treat coccidiosis, selectively complexes and transports sodium cations across lipid membranes and displays a variety of biological properties. 2. in this study, we evaluated the fungi cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans atcc 8688a, cunninghamella elegans nrrl 1393 atcc 10028b and human hepatic microsomes as cyp-p450 models to investigate the in vitro metabolism of monensin a and compare the products with the metabo ... | 2014 | 24134149 |
| dna barcoding in mucorales: an inventory of biodiversity. | the order mucorales comprises predominantly fast-growing saprotrophic fungi, some of which are used for the fermentation of foodstuffs but it also includes species known to cause infections in patients with severe immune or metabolic impairments. to inventory biodiversity in mucorales its barcodes of 668 strains in 203 taxa were generated covering more than two thirds of the recognised species. using the its sequences, molecular operational taxonomic units were defined by a similarity threshold ... | 2013 | 24027345 |
| characterization of three δ9-fatty acid desaturases with distinct substrate specificity from an oleaginous fungus cunninghamella echinulata. | in oleaginous fungus cunninghamella echinulata, δ9-fatty acid desaturase introduces the first double bond into a saturated fatty acid. three distinct genes, designated as d9dma, d9dmb and d9dmc, all encoding putative δ9-fatty acid desaturases were isolated from this strain. the predicted proteins showed 79-87 % identity to other fungal δ9-fatty acid desaturases. they all contain three conserved histidine boxes, c-terminal cytochrome b 5 fusion and four transmembrane domains characteristic of δ9- ... | 2013 | 23645031 |
| cunninghamella echinulata causing fatally invasive fungal sinusitis. | we report a fatal case of invasive fungal sinusitis caused by cunninghamella echinulata in a febrile, neutropenic 15-year-old male with relapsing acute leukemia. the isolate was recovered from a nasal biopsy from the right middle meatus, and microscopic examination of the tissue revealed angioinvasion and necrosis. human infection caused by this organism has not been well documented; however, this report alerts us to its life-threatening potential. | 2013 | 23602784 |
| potent vasorelaxant analogs from chemical modification and biotransformation of isosteviol. | isosteviol (1) has been reported to exhibit moderate vasorelaxant activity. in order to enhance the bioactivity of this compound, chemical modification of 1 to the dihydro analog, ent-16β-hydroxybeyeran-19-oic acid (2), was undertaken. compound 2 was then converted to the corresponding acetate derivative, ent-16β-acetoxybeyeran-19-oic acid (3). biotransformation of compounds 1-3 by the fungus cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 1386 was investigated and the metabolites 4-9 were obtained. the substrat ... | 2013 | 23466565 |
| biotransformation of lassbio-579 and pharmacological evaluation of p-hydroxylated metabolite a n-phenylpiperazine antipsychotic lead compound. | using a combination of docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we predicted that p-hydroxylation by cyp1a2 would be the main metabolic pathway for the 1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1h-4pyrazolylmethyl] phenylhexahydropiperazine, lassbio-579 (3). as the result of a screening process with strains of filamentous fungi, cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9244 was chosen to scale up the preparation of the p-hydroxylated metabolite (4). about 30 min after i.p. administration of (3) to rats was identified as t ... | 2013 | 23353740 |
| microbial biotransformation of kurarinone by cunninghamella echinulata as 3.3400. | in this paper, microbial transformation of kurarinone (1) by cunninghamella echinulata as 3.3400 was investigated and four transformed products were isolated and identified as 6″-hydroxykurarinone (2), 4″,5″,8″-trihydroxynorkurarinone (3), norkurarinone (4), and kurarinone-7-o-β-glucoside (5), respectively. among them, 3 and 5 are new compounds, and the rare glycosylation in microbial transformation was observed. in addition, the cytotoxicities of transformed products (2-5) were also investigate ... | 2012 | 23009297 |
| cunninghamella as a microbiological model for metabolism of histamine h(3) receptor antagonist 1-[3-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)propyl]piperidine. | the aim of the study was to analyze the ability of the microorganism cunninghamella to carry out the biotransformation of 1-[3-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)propyl]piperidine (dl76) and to compare the obtained results with in silico models. biotransformation was carried out by three strains of filamentous fungus: cunninghamella echinulata, cunninghamella blakesleeana, and cunninghamella elegans. most probable direction of dl76 metabolic transition was the oxidation of the methyl group in the tert-butyl m ... | 2012 | 22983742 |
| solid phase microextraction and lc-ms/ms for the determination of paliperidone after stereoselective fungal biotransformation of risperidone. | the present work describes for the first time the use of spme coupled to lc-ms/ms employing the polar organic mode in a stereoselective fungal biotransformation study to investigate the fungi ability to biotransform the drug risperidone into its chiral and active metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone (9-rispoh). the chromatographic separation was performed on a chiralcel oj-h column using methanol:ethanol (50:50, v/v) plus 0.2% triethylamine as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml min(-1). the sp ... | 2012 | 22884211 |
| production of a new pyridine n-oxide by bioconversion with cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans. | a new n-oxide was produced from 3-(n-boc-aminomethyl)-5-bromopyridine by bioconversion with cunninghamella echinulata var. elegans atcc 9245, and its structure was established based on the spectral data. the microbial n-oxidation is efficient and highly selective. the substrate was transformed into the product in 7 days. | 2012 | 22762974 |
| microbial β-glycosylation of entacapone by cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9245. | the purpose of this paper is to describe the glycosylation of entacapone by cultures of cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9245. this method is then applied in toxicological and pharmacological studies. the cultures were grown in a fluid pdsm medium for 7 days at 28°c. after purification by silica gel flash column chromatography, the (e)-2-cyano-n,n-diethyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yloxy)phenyl) acrylamide was identified by ir, mass spectroscop ... | 2012 | 22306315 |
| microbial transformation of diosgenin by filamentous fungus cunninghamella echinulata. | microbial transformation of diosgenin (1) by suspended-cell cultures of the filamentous fungus cunninghamella echinulata cgmcc 3.2000 was investigated. incubation of the substrate diosgenin (1) with this fungus led to the isolation of three products: two known compounds, (25r)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,12β-triol and (25r)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,11α-triol, and a new compound (25r)-spirost-5-en-3β,7α,11α-triol. the structural elucidations of the three compounds were achieved mainly by the ms, 1d and 2d nmr s ... | 2011 | 21409691 |
| thermogravimetric kinetics of corn stalk pretreated by oleaginous fungi cunninghamella echinulata. | the thermogravimetric and composition of corn stalk pretreated by oleaginous fungi cunninghamella echinulata had been studied in this paper. results indicated that pretreatment by oleaginous fungi c. echinulata could decrease the activation energy and make the pyrolysis more efficient and energy-saving. by bio-pretreatment, the contents of elements agreed with the weight loss, sugar content, and oil contents, especially the sulfur content was greatly decreased, greatly eliminating the inventory ... | 2011 | 21353537 |
| microbial glucosylation of flavonols by cunninghamella echinulata. | we report here that flavonol (3-hydroxyflavone) was o-glucosylated efficiently by filamentous fungus cunninghamella echinulata. kaemferol and some other flavonols were also glucosylated. the novel conversion is expected to be applicable to prepare glycosylated flavonoids which are commonly found in plants and mammalian metabolites of related compounds. | 2010 | 20547345 |
| design of new dopamine d2 receptor ligands: biosynthesis and pharmacological evaluation of the hydroxylated metabolite of lassbio-581. | lassbio-581 is a n-phenylpiperazine derivative designed for the treatment of schizophrenia. in this study, four strains of filamentous fungi were screened for their capabilities to biotransform lassbio-581. cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9244 was chosen to scale up the biosynthesis of the p-hydroxylated metabolite of lassbio-581. the chemical structure of the metabolite was confirmed by nmr, lc-ms and x-ray crystallography. binding studies performed on brain homogenate indicated that the p-hydro ... | 2010 | 20363131 |
| microbial transformation of hydroxy metabolites of 1-oxohexyl derivatives of theobromine by cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 1384. | the biotransformation of pentoxifylline (ptx), propentofylline (ppt) and their racemic hydroxy metabolites ((+/-)-ohptx and (+/-)-ohppt) by using the fungus cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 1384. | 2009 | 19018970 |
| organic nitrogen of tomato waste hydrolysate enhances glucose uptake and lipid accumulation in cunninghamella echinulata. | to investigate the effect of organic nitrogen on lipogenesis during growth of cunninghamella echinulata on tomato waste hydrolysate (twh) media. | 2008 | 18489559 |
| lipids of cunninghamella echinulata with emphasis to gamma-linolenic acid distribution among lipid classes. | changes in lipid composition of the oleaginous fungus cunninghamella echinulata were monitored during growth. lipid fractions and individual lipid classes varied in amount, relative proportions, and fatty acid profile depending on the developmental stage. neutral lipids (n), comprised mainly of triacylglycerol, were accumulated in the fungal mycelium during both the late exponential and the stationary growth phases with a concomitant decrease in the amount of polar lipids. while fatty acid compo ... | 2006 | 16850299 |
| a one-pot remote allylic hydroxylation and baeyer-villiger oxidation of a bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one by cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 3655. | 7-exo-methyl-7-endo-phenylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one 3 undergoes baeyer-villiger and allylic oxidation, to yield novel hydroxylactone 8 in good yield by cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 3655, representing a one step biocatalytic access to a cyclopentanoid scaffold with three chiral centers. interesting, allylic oxidation occurs with transposition of the double bond. | 2004 | 15227534 |
| effect of nitrogen sources on the activities of lipogenic enzymes in oleaginous fungus cunninghamella echinulata. | various inorganic and organic nitrogen sources were used to compare their effects on the lipogenesis and the activities of lipogenic enzymes (providing acetyl-coa and donating nadph) in gamma-linolenic acid-producing fungus cunninghamella echinulata. lipid accumulation was enhanced by organic nitrogen, among them the presence of corn-steep led to almost 40% oil in the biomass. while organic nitrogen increased activities of acetyl-coa carboxylase (acc) and malic enzyme (me), atp:citrate lyase (ac ... | 1999 | 12501358 |
| microbial transformation of rubijervine. | preparative-scale fermentation of rubijervine (1), the known 22,26-epiminocholestane veratrum alkaloid, with cunninghamella echinulata atcc 9244 has resulted in the isolation of the new metabolites 7alpha-hydroxyrubijervine (2) and solanid-5-ene-3beta,12alpha-diol-1-one (3). structure elucidation of these metabolites was based primarily on 1d- and 2d-nmr analyses. the microbe c. echinulata atcc 9244 was able to metabolize rings a and b of rubijervine but failed to metabolize rings c, d or its n- ... | 2002 | 12419903 |
| a novel regiospecific n to o-methyl transferase activity in the biotransformation of a thebaine derivative with cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 1384. | a novel regiospecific n- to o-methyl transfer reaction has been characterised in the biotransformation of an n-cd3-thebaine derivative with the fungus cunninghamella echinulata nrrl 1384. | 2002 | 12196987 |
| production of gamma-linolenic acid by cunninghamella echinulata cultivated on glucose and orange peel. | a newly isolated strain of cunninghamella echinulata grown on glucose produced significant quantities of biomass and cellular lipids in media with high c/n ratio. the oil yield from glucose consumed increased after nitrogen exhaustion in the growth medium, but gamma-linolenic acid (gla) content in cellular oil systematically decreased during the lipid accumulation process. when lipid accumulation was completed, gla concentration in the cellular lipids progressively increased. the highest gla pro ... | 2002 | 11935180 |