| glucose and penicillin concentrations in agar medium below fungal colonies. | the growth of colonies of rhizoctonia cerealis and penicillium chrysogenum on solid media in plate cultures was studied. when grown on defined media containing 10-50 mm-glucose, r. cerealis did not cause a significant reduction in the glucose concentration of the medium in advance of colonization, but did cause the formation of a steep glucose concentration gradient in the substrate below the colony; the medium directly below the centre of a 7 cm diameter colony of r. cerealis was exhausted of g ... | 1987 | 3116159 |
| effects of validamycin a on the morphology, growth and sporulation of rhizoctonia cerealis, fusarium culmorum and other fungi. | all basidiomycotina screened were sensitive to validamycin a, whereas most ascomycotina and all mucorales and oomycetes were insensitive. studies with rhizoctonia cerealis and fusarium culmorum showed that, in semi-solid culture, the antibiotic caused a decrease in colony radial growth rate and that this was associated with a decrease in mean hyphal extension rate and an increase in hyphal branching. however, the antibiotic did not alter the morphology of r. cerealis grown in liquid culture (sha ... | 1988 | 3269390 |
| terpenoids and flavonoids from artemisia species. | a phytochemical reinvestigation of the aerial parts of artemisia sieversiana gave a new guaianolide and two known flavones (chrysosplenetin and 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone). antifungal fractions derived from the chloroform extract of a. annua afforded two cadinane derivatives (arteannuin b and artemisinin), oleanolic acid, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and the four flavones artemetin, bonanzin, eupalitin and chrysosplenetin. their structures were elucidated by spectral methods. all ... | 2000 | 10865468 |
| efficacy of microorganisms antagonistic to rhizoctonia cerealis and their cell wall degrading enzymatic activities. | the effect of trichoderma atroviride, t. harzianum, t. longibrachiatum, clonostachys rosea and bacillus subtilis isolates applied to wheat seeds against rhizoctonia cerealis disease of seedlings was investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions. most trichoderma isolates significantly reduced the incidence of disease compared with the infected control. bacillus subtilis was also effective against sharp eyespot, although less active than trichoderma spp. interactions between the antagonisti ... | 2003 | 12825514 |
| cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the genetic region relevant to biosynthesis of the lipopeptides iturin a and surfactin in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus subtilis b3 was found to produce lipopeptides iturins and fengycin that have activity against several plant pathogens such as fusarium graminearum, rhizoctonia solani, rhizoctonia cerealis, and pyricularia grisea. a 3642-bp genomic region of b. subtilis b3 comprising srfdb3, aspb3, lpab3, and yczeb3 genes that resulted in biosynthesis of surfactin in b. subtilis 168 was cloned, sequenced, and characterized. among them, the srfdb3 gene encodes thioesterase, which is required for biosynth ... | 2003 | 14629006 |
| [induction, purification and antifungal activity of beta-1, 3-glucanase from wheat leaves]. | treatment with mercuric chloride (0.01%), salicylic acid (10.0 mg/ml) or riboflavin (1 mmol/l) induced the beta-1, 3-glucanase activity in all the three wheat varieties i.e. 331, kangdao 680 and lumai 23 tested, with the strongest inductive effect on variety 331 by treatment with mercuric chloride (0.01%) for 24 h. from leaves of variety 331 treated with mercuric chloride (0.01%) for 24 h, a kind of beta-1, 3-glucanase was purified by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate, phenyl-sepha ... | 2004 | 15627688 |
| psc-afp, an antifungal protein with trypsin inhibitor activity from psoralea corylifolia seeds. | an antifungal protein designated as psc-afp, with an apparent molecular mass of 18kda, was isolated from a traditional chinese herb, malaytea scurfpea (psoralea corylifolia l.). the isolation procedure entailed extraction, cation exchange chromatography on cm ff, gel filtration chromatography on superdex 75 and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography on source 5rpc column. automated edman degradation determined the partial n-terminal sequence of psc-afp to be nh2-ewepvqnggssyymvpri ... | 2006 | 16530884 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable non-specific lipid transfer protein-like antimicrobial protein from motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt) seeds. | in screening for potent antimicrobial proteins from plant seeds, a novel heat-stable antimicrobial protein, designated ljamp2, was purified from seeds of the motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt), a medicine herb, with a procedure involving cation exchange chromatography on a cm ff column, and reverse phase hplcs on c8 column and c18 column. ljamp2 exhibited a molecular mass of 6.2 kda determined. automated edman degradation determined the partial n-terminal sequence of ljamp2 to be nh2-aigcntva ... | 2006 | 16979797 |
| [studies on purification and properties of antagonistic protein from bacteria ss02 of paenibacillus daejeonensis]. | the antifungal, anti-bacterical, anti-brine shrimp activities of sd22 isolated from paenibacillus daejeonensis bacteria ss02 were studied. the separation steps included ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration and (nh4)2so4 fractional precipitation, further purification was performed by sephadexg-75 and deae-32 chromatography. its molecular weight determined by sds-page was 56.0 kd and its isoelectfic point was 6.4. sd22 was thermostable to some extent and stable to ultraviolet, but sensitive to som ... | 2007 | 17822044 |
| identification and antifungal assay of a wheat beta-1,3-glucanase. | a wheat beta-1,3-glucanase gene (taglud) was identified as a fungal defense candidate. its transcript induction was more than 60-fold higher in a resistant wheat line, shannong0431, than in a susceptible wheat line, wenmai6, after infection with rhizoctonia cerealis. the taglud protein was overexpressed as inclusion bodies in escherichia coli. after refolding and purification, taglud with 1 unit of beta-1,3-glucanase showed antifungal activity in vitro against rhizoctonia solani, r. cerealis, ph ... | 2009 | 19267236 |
| expression of a radish defensin in transgenic wheat confers increased resistance to fusarium graminearum and rhizoctonia cerealis. | fusarium head blight (scab), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. wheat sharp eyespot, mainly caused by rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the major diseases of wheat in china. the defensin rsafp2, a small cyteine-rich antifungal protein from radish (raphanus sativus), was shown to inhibit growth in vitro of agronomically important fungal pathogens, such as f. graminearum and r. cerealis. the rsafp2 gene was transformed into c ... | 2011 | 21279533 |
| Enhancing plant disease suppression by Burkholderia vietnamiensis through chromosomal integration of Bacillus subtilis chitinase gene chi113. | Burkholderia vietnamiensis P418 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. A chitinase gene from Bacillus subtilis was cloned and stably integrated into the chromosome of using the transposon delivery vector, pUTkm1. Chitinase activity was detected in recombinant P418-37 but not in wild type P418. Recombinant P418-37 retained the in vitro growth rate, N(2)-fixation and phosphate and potassium-solubilizing characteristics of the wild type. P418-37 significantly (P < 0.05) inc ... | 2011 | 21972146 |
| antifungal activity of artemisia annua endophyte cultures against phytopathogenic fungi. | artemisia annua, well recognized for its production of antimalarial drug artemisinin, is seldom attacked by any of phytopathogenic fungi, which could be partially associated with the presence of endophytes. present investigation is aiming at disclosing whether the endophytes inside a. annua produce antifungal substances. a total of 39 endophytes were isolated and fermented, and the ferment broth was evaluated in vitro for the antifungal activity against crop-threatening fungi gaeumannomyces gram ... | 2001 | 11434973 |
| the escalating threat of rhizoctonia cerealis, the causal agent of sharp eyespot in wheat. | rhizoctonia cerealis, the causal agent of sharp eyespot on wheat, was not considered to be an important pathogen for many years. recently, the disease has become endemic in many countries except for south america. the disease has created a new threat to world wheat production because the damage of wheat sharp eyespot has become increasingly severe. in this paper, previous studies on this pathogen, including the disease geographical distribution, pathogen identification, life cycle, symptoms, fav ... | 2011 | 21726039 |
| nitric oxide regulates shikonin formation in suspension-cultured onosma paniculatum cells. | endogenously occurring nitric oxide (no) is involved in the regulation of shikonin formation in onosma paniculatum cells. no generated after cells were inoculated into shikonin production medium reached the highest level after 2 d of culture, which was 16 times that at the beginning of the experiment, and maintained a high level for 6 d. a nitric oxide synthase (nos) inhibitor, n(omega)-nitro-l-arginine (l-nna), and a nitrate reductase (nr) inhibitor, sodium azide (soa), consistent with their in ... | 2009 | 19022805 |
| overexpression of tierf1 enhances resistance to sharp eyespot in transgenic wheat. | wheat sharp eyespot, primarily caused by a soil-borne fungus rhizoctonia cerealis, has become one of the most serious diseases of wheat in china. in this study, an ethylene response factor (erf) gene from a wheat relative thinopyrum intermedium, tierf1, was characterized further, transgenic wheat lines expressing tierf1 were developed, and the resistance of the transgenic wheat lines against r. cerealis was investigated. southern blotting analysis indicated that at least two copies of the tierf1 ... | 2008 | 18953072 |
| a novel activator-type erf of thinopyrum intermedium, tierf1, positively regulates defence responses. | thinopyrum intermedium is resistant to many different pathogens. to understand the roles of ethylene response factors (erfs) in defence responses, the first member of the erf family in t. intermedium, tierf1, was characterized and functionally analysed in this study. the tierf1 gene encodes a putative protein of 292 amino acids, belonging to the b3 subgroup of the erf transcription factor family. biochemical assays demonstrated that the tierf1 protein is capable of binding to the gcc box, a cis- ... | 2008 | 18611911 |
| a novel erf transcription activator in wheat and its induction kinetics after pathogen and hormone treatments. | in this study, a pathogen-inducible erf (ethylene-response factor) gene in wheat, designated taerf3, was isolated and characterized in detail. the sequence of the taerf3 protein possesses all of the traits commonly associated with erfs, but its entire sequence shares low identity with other erfs of transcription factor families. the results of assays on subcelluar localization, gcc box-binding ability, and transactivation activity indicated that taerf3 is a nuclear targeting protein and function ... | 2007 | 17728298 |
| [endophytic bacteria isolated from wheat and their antifungal activities to soil-borne disease pathogens]. | in this paper, endophytic bacteria (eb) were isolated from the roots, stems, leaves and immature seeds of wheat at its different growth stages. the eb populations in fresh wheat tissues reached 5.0 x 10(5) cfu x g(-1) on average, with a significant difference among different tissues, growth stages and fields. the eb count was 7.8 x 10(5) in wheat roots, 4.8 x 10(5) in stems, 3.2 x 10(5) in leaves, and 2.8 x 10(5) cfu x g(-1) in immature seeds, and was estimated as 3.1 x 10(5), 5.7 x 10(5) and 7. ... | 2006 | 16836103 |