| an epornitic of duck plague on a wisconsin game farm. | in april, 1973, an acute disease with a high rate of mortality appeared in a flock of 233 ducks and geese at a private game farm. most of the flock (220) were black ducks (anas rubripes) and mortality was restricted to them. in may, the remaining live birds were placed in isolation but mortality continued in black ducks and occurred in other species. the overall rate of mortality for black ducks was 93% and the case fatality rate was 97%. no hemorrhaging from either the bill or vent was observed ... | 1976 | 176478 |
| duck plague: a carrier state in waterfowl. | healthy waterfowl were found to be carriers of duck plague (dp) virus. black ducks (anas rubripes) and canada geese (branta canadensis) surviving a natural outbreak of dp at coloma, wisconsin, in 1973 yielded dp virus in cloacal swabs taken four years postinfection. experimental infection of previously unexposed mallard ducks (anas platyrhynochos) with the coloma strain of dp virus co-wi (73) also produced cloacal virus shedding for up to four years after infection. a second dp virus strain, la- ... | 1979 | 232659 |
| hematozoa of the anatidae of the atlantic flyway. ii. tthe maritime provinces of canada. | the prevalence of hematozoa (diagnosed from blood films) in a sample of 4200 anatids representing 14 species collected in new brunswick, nova scotia and prince edward island during the period 1969-1973 is given. thirty percent of the birds harboured hematozoa; the commonest blood parasite was haemoproteus (parahaemoproteus) nettionis (in 18% of the sample), followed by leucocytozoom simondi (in 14% of the sample). four species of plasmodium occurred in 5% of the sample-plasmodium circumflexum wa ... | 1975 | 806712 |
| shell thinning and reproductive impairment in black ducks after cessation of dde dosage. | captive black ducks (anas rubripes) were fed dietary dde [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] at 10 ppm (dry weight; about 2 ppm on a natural diet basis) for 2 breeding seasons, then untreated feed for 2 succeeding years. residues of dde in the carcasses of adults declined 90% during the 2-year clean-up period. following 2 years of dietary dde, mean residues in eggs reached 64.9 ppm. even after 2 years on clean feed, dde residues in the eggs averaged 6.2 ppm or 9.5% of the mean dde le ... | 1977 | 901008 |
| corrigia obscura sp. n. (trematoda: dicrocoeliidae) from the north american black duck. | corrigia obscura sp. n. was found in the pancreatic ducts of a black duck, anas rubripes. this is the first record of the genus corrigia from an anseriform bird and from north america. corrigia obscura differs from other corrigia spp. by having a greater relative forebody length and greater relative body width. noticeable hyperplasia and sloughing of the wall of the pancreatic ducts were associated with this infection. | 1976 | 1255384 |
| lead exposure and recovery rates of black ducks banded in tennessee. | american black ducks (anas rubripes) wintering in tennessee during 1986 to 1988 were tested for exposure to lead. twelve percent of the birds had blood lead concentrations exceeding 0.2 ppm. significant differences in the prevalence of lead exposure were found for adults (14.4%) and juveniles (8.2%). exposed birds had higher blood lead concentrations at one study site, corresponding with a lower survival index. | 1992 | 1474653 |
| sarcocystis in american black ducks wintering in new jersey. | macrocysts of a protozoan parasite, sarcocystis sp., were found in 28 of 173 american black ducks (anas rubripes) examined during winters 1984-1985, 1985-1986 and 1986-1987 in south coastal new jersey (usa). no macrocysts were detected in 80 juvenile black ducks. in adults, the prevalence of macrocysts increased from 3% (1 of 37) in 1984-1985, to 36% (12 of 33) in 1985-1986, and 65% (15 of 23) in 1986-1987. this increase could result in a greater number of harvested birds being discarded, or a c ... | 1990 | 2117676 |
| acid precipitation and food quality: inhibition of growth and survival in black ducks and mallards by dietary aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus. | in areas impacted by acid precipitation, water chemistry of acidic ponds and streams often changes, resulting in increased mobilization of aluminum and decreased concentration of calcium carbonate. aluminum binds with phosphorus and inhibits its uptake by organisms. thus, invertebrate food organisms used by waterfowl may have inadequate ca and p or elevated al for normal growth and development. acid rain and its effects may be one of the factors negatively impacting american black ducks (anas ru ... | 1990 | 2353844 |
| comparative toxicity of lead shot in black ducks (anas rubripes) and mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | in winter, pen-reared and wild black ducks (anas rubripes), and game farm and wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos), maintained on pelleted feed, were sham-dosed or given one number 4 lead shot. after 14 days, dosed birds were redosed with two or four additional lead shot. this dosing regimen also was repeated in summer using pen-reared black ducks and game farm mallards. based upon mortality, overt intoxication, weight change, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and protoporphyrin conce ... | 1989 | 2716097 |
| comparisons of nine heavy metals in salt gland and liver of greater scaup (aythya marila), black duck (anas rubripes) and mallard (a. platyrhynchos). | levels of nine heavy metals were measured in the livers and salt glands of greater scaup (aythya marila), black duck (anas rubripes) and mallard (a. platyrhynchos) from raritan bay, new jersey to determine if the functioning avian salt gland concentrates heavy metals. heavy metals examined were cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, manganese, nickel and zinc. heavy metal levels varied significantly by species and tissue for chromium, copper, lead, and manganese, and by tissue for cob ... | 1985 | 2861948 |
| mortality and hematology associated with the ingestion of one number four lead shot in black ducks, anas rubripes. | | 1988 | 3349184 |
| ecological studies on cyathocotyle bushiensis (digenea) and sphaeridiotrema globulus (digenea), possible pathogens of dabbling ducks in southern québec. | over the past 20 yr, recurrent late-summer mortality of dabbling ducks in southern québec has been attributed to the digenean parasite cyathocotyle bushiensis. this study attempted to determine whether this parasite was still implicated in the epizootics, and examined aspects of the ecology of the parasite in the definitive host. comparison of prevalence and mean intensity of infection of all species of digenea between salvaged carcasses and hunter-shot ducks revealed that c. bushiensis and a se ... | 1988 | 3411699 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of the mexican duck, anas platyrhynchos diazi ridgway, from north central mexico and southwestern united states. | twenty-five species of helminths, recovered from the gastrointestinal tracts of 129 mexican ducks from mexico and the united states, were all new host records. the species included: echinoparyphium recurvatum, echinostoma revolutum, hypoderaeum conoideum, notocotylus attenuatus, prosthogonimus cuneatus, zygocotyle lunata, anomotaenia ciliata, cloacotaenia megalops, diorchis bulbodes, diorchis sp., drepanidotaenia lanceolata, echinocotyle rosseteri, fimbriaria fasciolaris, fimbriarioides sp., hym ... | 1986 | 3951061 |
| changes in the cestode fauna of the black duck, anas rubripes (brewster). | | 1973 | 4779814 |
| observations on the morphology and life cycle of hymenolepis hopkinsi schiller 1951 (cestoda: cyclophyllidea), a parasite of black ducks (anas rubripes brewster). | | 1970 | 5528604 |
| comparison of infections with leucocytozoon simondi in black ducks (anas rubripes), mallards (anas platyrhynchos and white pekins (anas bochas). | | 1968 | 5749476 |
| a survey of north american migratory waterfowl for duck plague (duck virus enteritis) virus. | a survey of migratory waterfowl for duck plague (dp) virus was conducted in the mississippi and central flyways during 1982 and in the atlantic and pacific flyways during 1983. cloacal and pharyngeal swabs were collected from 3,169 migratory waterfowl in these four flyways, principally mallards (anas platyrhynchos l.), black ducks (anas rubripes brewster), and pintails (anas acuta l.). in addition 1,033 birds were sampled from areas of recurrent dp outbreaks among nonmigratory and captive waterf ... | 1984 | 6099427 |
| organophosphate inhibition of avian salt gland na, k-atpase activity. | 1. adult black ducks (anas rubripes) were given freshwater or saltwater (1.5% nacl) for 11 days and half of each group was also given an organophosphate (17 p.p.m. fenthion) in the diet on days 6-11. 2. after 11 days, ducks drinking saltwater had lost more weight and had higher plasma na and uric acid concentrations and osmolalities than birds drinking freshwater. 3. saltwater treatment stimulated the salt gland to increased weight and na, k-atpase activity. 4. fenthion generally reduced plasma ... | 1982 | 6128165 |
| enzyme activities in plasma, liver and kidney of black ducks and mallards. | activities of alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), creatine phosphokinase (cpk), alkaline phosphatase (alp), and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) were measured in plasma, liver, and kidney, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (ggt) was measured in liver and kidney of black ducks (anas rubripes). activities of alt, ast, ggt, and ornithine carbamyl transferase (oct) were assayed in plasma, liver, and kidney of game-farm mallards (anas platyrhynchos). appreciable oct and ast acti ... | 1982 | 6130168 |
| nationwide residues of organochlorine compounds in wings of adult mallards and black ducks, 1979-80. | organochlorine residues in wings of adult mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and black ducks (anas rubripes) were monitored nationwide from birds harvested during the 1979-80 hunting season. dde residues were found in all samples. ddt residues had declined from levels reported in 1976 on a flyway basis but the decline was significant (p less than 0.05) only in the pacific flyway. levels of ddt, dde, tde, and dieldrin were low on a flyway basis, and all but dde declined significantly (p less than 0.05 ... | 1981 | 6817294 |
| organochlorine and heavy metal residues in black duck eggs from the atlantic flyway, 1978. | black duck (anas rubripes) eggs were collected during 1978 in the atlantic flyway. one egg from each of 49 clutches was analyzed for organochlorine compounds and mercury. dde was detected in 39 eggs, ranging from 0.09 ppm to 3.4 ppm, wet weight. dde residues were highest in eggs from delaware, where the mean dde level was 2.0 ppm. ddt and tde were present at low levels in only five and four eggs, respectively. pcbs resembling aroclor 1260 were detected in 24 eggs and ranged from 0.43 ppm to 2.9 ... | 1980 | 7232104 |
| prevalence and intensity of typhlocoelum cucumerinum (digenea) in wild anatids of quebec, canada. | the upper respiratory tracts of 534 wild anatids representing 20 species, shot during the 1976, 1977 and 1978 hunting seasons, were examined for typhlocoelum cucumerinum (rudolphi, 1809). typhlocoelum cucumerinum cymbium (diesing, 1850) were recovered from anas platyrhynchos, anas rubripes, anas acuta, anas discors and anas crecca. the maximum prevalence (16.7%) and intensity of infection (1.6) occurred in mallards (a. platyrhynchos). aythya valisineria and aythya marila harboured typhlocoelum c ... | 1980 | 7373728 |
| intestinal absorption of 5 chromium compounds in young black ducks (anas rubripes). | an in vivo intestinal perfusion technique was used to measure the absorption rates of five cr compounds in black ducks. cr was absorbed from saline solutions of kcr(so4)2 and cro3 at a rate about 1.5 to 2.0 times greater than from solutions of cr, cr(no3)3, and cr(c5h7o2)3. these results suggest the ionic form of cr in solution may be an important factor in determining absorption of cr compounds from the small intestine. | 1980 | 7404600 |
| blood lead concentrations of waterfowl from unhunted and heavily hunted marshes of nova scotia and prince edward island, canada. | blood lead concentrations of juvenile american black ducks (anas rubripes) sampled in unhunted sanctuaries of nova scotia (ns) and prince edward island (pei), canada, usually were < 30 parts per billion (ppb). based on gizzard content analyses of juvenile american black ducks from hunted areas, eight (24%) of 33 flightless birds contained ingested lead shot. blood lead concentrations were > or = 100 ppb in seven of eight juveniles with ingested shot; thus we adopted blood lead concentrations 100 ... | 1993 | 8258857 |
| effect of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone administration on plasma corticosterone concentrations in american black ducks (anas rubripes). | a protocol for the adrenocorticotropic (acth) stimulation test in american black ducks (anas rubripes) was established with synthetic acth, cosyntropin (cortrosyn); acth stimulation testing was conducted on 31 adult ducks (14 males, 17 females) in september 1993. plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured on heparinized blood samples collected 30 min, and 1, 2, and 4 hr post-injection. in comparison with saline controls, cosyntropin (0.25 mg/duck) produced a two- to three-fold increase i ... | 1995 | 8583629 |
| the occurrence of mycoplasmas in selected wild north american waterfowl. | we determined the prevalence of mycoplasma infection in breeding mallard (anas platyrhynchos) and canvasback (aythya valisineria) hens and their broods from the central united states (1988 to 1990); and wintering american black duck (anas rubripes) and mallard hens from the eastern united states (1990 to 1993). mycoplasmas were isolated by culturing tracheal swabs from 656 live birds and tissue samples from 112 dead waterfowl. nine (18%) of 51 mycoplasma isolates were identified as mycoplasma an ... | 1995 | 8592358 |
| exposure of wild waterfowl to mycoplasma anatis. | we developed an elisa procedure to assess the presence of m. anatis-specific serum antibody in ducks. sera from exposed and unexposed pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos) were used to standardize the elisa and to establish reference ranges to classify elisa results as exposed or not exposed. we conducted serological surveys of female waterfowl in the central and eastern united states between 1988 and 1992 to assess the frequency of exposure in wild waterfowl. adult breeding mallards (anas platyrhync ... | 1996 | 8722273 |
| perspectives on the diagnosis, epizootiology, and control of the 1973 duck plague epizootic in wild waterfowl at lake andes, south dakota. | an epizootic of duck plague occurred in early 1973 in a population of 163,500 wild waterfowl, primarily mallards (anas platyrhynchos), wintering on lake andes and the nearby missouri river in southeastern south dakota (usa). the diagnosis was based on pathologic lesions and confirmed by virus isolation. control measures included quarantine, attempts to reduce virus contamination of the area, dispersal of waterfowl, and monitoring of wild waterfowl populations for mortality. the epizootic resulte ... | 1997 | 9391953 |
| metal and sediment ingestion by dabbling ducks. | the chemical analysis of intestinal digesta from hunter-killed carcasses or of wildlife scat is a promising means of estimating the exposure of wildlife to those environmental contaminants that, like lead, are poorly absorbed in the digestive tract. when evaluating contaminants at a site, biologists may find the results of this non-destructive approach more straightforward to interpret in terms of exposure to wildlife than would be analyses of soils, sediments, water, or wildlife tissues. to ill ... | 1999 | 10472136 |
| intermittent feeding in a migratory omnivore: digestion and body composition of american black duck during autumn. | birds fast intermittently during weather disturbances and migration. we tested responses of black duck to lost feeding days during autumn mass gain. nine adult males were fed a pelleted diet (1.5% fat, 15.8% protein, and 18.3% neutral detergent fiber) and caged indoors during september and october (12 h light; 17 degrees -24 degrees c) to measure balances over 14 d when fed ad lib. each day and fasted intermittently for 2 d wk(-1) (short fast) or 4 d wk(-1) (long fast). body mass (1,081 g), body ... | 2001 | 11247749 |
| intermittent fasting during winter and spring affects body composition and reproduction of a migratory duck. | we compared food intake, body mass and body composition of male and female black ducks (anas rubripes) during winter (january-march). birds were fed the same complete diet ad libitum on consecutive days each week without fasting (control; nine male; nine female) or with either short fasts (2 day x week(-1); nine male; nine female), or long fasts (4 day x week(-1); eleven male; twelve female). we continued treatments through spring (march-may) to measure the effect of intermittent fasts on body m ... | 2002 | 12122458 |
| influence of low-level cadmium and reduced calcium intake on tissue cd concentrations and behaviour of american black ducks. | populations of american black ducks have declined and it has been hypothesized that wetland acidification, which can alter food quality by increasing availability of cadmium and decreasing that of calcium, may have contributed. we tested whether low-level cadmium and reduced calcium intake affect tissue cadmium concentrations and behaviour of captive black ducks. adults received diets that mimicked cadmium and calcium concentrations in invertebrate prey from acid and from circumneutral wetlands ... | 1995 | 15091480 |
| haematological parameters as predictors of blood lead and indicators of lead poisoning in the black duck (anas rubripes). | the validity of various haematological parameters as indicators of blood lead concentration and lead poisoning in the black duck (anas rubripes) is discussed. elevated (> 40 microg dl(-1)) blood lead (pbb) levels were recorded in 41% of the 229 wild birds examined. no correlation was found between pbb concentration and haematocrit. zinc protoporphyrin (zpp) was positively correlated with pbb. haemoglobin, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ala-d) activity and non-activated/activated ala-d ra ... | 1989 | 15092391 |
| heavy metal concentrations in the liver of three duck species: influence of species and sex. | to investigate interspecific and intersex differences in heavy metal levels, we analysed concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, manganese, nickel and zinc in the livers of male and female black duck (anas rubripes), mallard (a. platyrhynchos) and greater scaup (aythya marila) collected in raritan bay, new jersey in december 1980 and january 1981. certain metal levels varied significantly by species and sex. in all species, zn and cu had the highest concentrations, an ... | 1987 | 15092758 |
| effects of nontoxic shot regulations on lead accumulation in ducks and american woodcock in canada. | prior to the first nontoxic shot zones being established in canada, a nationwide survey of lead (pb) concentrations in wing bones of hatch year (hy) dabbling and diving ducks determined the incidence of elevated pb exposure in waterfowl in different parts of the country (scheuhammer and dickson 1996). the main objectives of the present study were (1) to compare these previously collected data with the incidence of elevated pb accumulation in the same species several years after the establishment ... | 2005 | 15719196 |
| avian influenza viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wintering and breeding waterfowl populations in north carolina, usa. | although wild ducks are recognized reservoirs for avian influenza viruses (aivs) and avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs), information related to the prevalence of these viruses in breeding and migratory duck populations on north american wintering grounds is limited. wintering (n=2,889) and resident breeding (n=524) ducks were sampled in north carolina during winter 2004-2006 and summer 2005-2006, respectively. overall prevalence of aiv was 0.8% and restricted to the winter sample; however, prevalence ... | 2011 | 21270016 |
| a 4-year study of avian influenza virus prevalence and subtype diversity in ducks of newfoundland, canada. | the island of newfoundland, canada, is at the eastern edge of north america and has migratory bird connections with the continental mainland as well as across the north atlantic ocean. here, we report a 4-year avian influenza virus (aiv) epidemiological study in ducks in the st. john's region of newfoundland. the overall prevalence of aiv detection in ducks during this study was 7.2%, with american black ducks contributing the vast majority of the collected samples and the aiv positives. the juv ... | 2013 | 24102224 |
| identification of type a influenza viruses from wild birds on the delmarva peninsula, 2007-10. | wild waterfowl and shorebirds in the delaware-maryland-virginia (delmarva) peninsula region within the atlantic flyway were sampled as part of the early detection of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza (ai) in wild migratory birds program. the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) and state wildlife agencies submitted 7858 samples for ai virus (aiv) testing by real-time reverse transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) to the university of delaware poultry health system from april 2007 to march 2011. virus ... | 2017 | 28301233 |
| organochlorine residues in new york waterfowl harvested by hunters in 1983-1984. | thirteen organochlorine compounds were detected in fat and breast muscle tissues of canada goose and five species of ducks that were shot by sportsman in new york. residues of dde and pcb occurred most frequently and were positively identified along with ddt, heptachlor epoxide, trans-nonachlor, and hexachlorobenzene. compounds that were detected but not positively confirmed by mass spectrometry were dieldrin, mirex, heptachlor, chlordane, oxychlordane, and endrin. wood duck (aix sponsa) and can ... | 1992 | 24234343 |
| organochlorine residues in adult mallard and black duck wings, 1981-1982. | ten organochlorine compounds were identified in pools of black duck (anas rubripes) and mallard (a. platyrhynchos) wings from the 1981-82 hunting season. most organochlorine compounds occurred very infrequently. among those compounds positively identified by mass spectrometry, dde and, secondarily, pcb had the highest frequencies of occurrence. other compounds, positively identified and occurring less frequently, included ddt, ddd, ddmu, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, trans-nonachlor, cis-chlorda ... | 1986 | 24254543 |
| updating movement estimates for american black ducks (anas rubripes). | understanding migratory connectivity for species of concern is of great importance if we are to implement management aimed at conserving them. new methods are improving our understanding of migration; however, banding (ringing) data is by far the most widely available and accessible movement data for researchers. here, we use band recovery data for american black ducks (anas rubripes) from 1951-2011 and analyze their movement among seven management regions using a hierarchical bayesian framework ... | 2016 | 26989624 |
| spatial and temporal variation in harvest probabilities for american black duck. | assessing spatial variation in waterfowl harvest probabilities from banding data is challenging because reporting and recovery probabilities have distinct spatial patterns that covary temporally with harvesting regulations, hunter effort, and reporting methods. we analyzed direct band recovery data from american black ducks banded on the canadian breeding grounds from 1970 through 2010. data were registered to a 1-degree grid and analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression models with spatia ... | 2015 | 26045951 |
| plastic and metal ingestion in three species of coastal waterfowl wintering in atlantic canada. | relatively little attention has been paid to the occurrence of anthropogenic debris found in coastal species, especially waterfowl. we examined the incidence of ingested plastic and metal in three waterfowl species wintering in atlantic canada: american black ducks (anas rubripes) and mallards (a. platyrhynchos), two species that use marine and freshwater coastal habitats for foraging in the winter, and common eider (somateria mollissima), a coastal marine species that feeds on intertidal and su ... | 2015 | 26045198 |
| pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in american black ducks (anas rubripes). | to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of 1 im injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (ccfa) in american black ducks (anas rubripes). | 2012 | 22533392 |
| impacts of acid rainon aquatic birds. | studies of toxicological and ecological effects of acidification on aquatic birds in europe and north america are reviewed. heavy metals are deposited by acid emissions, which also increase solubility and mobility of heavy metals in soil and water. aluminium is leached from soil and mobilized from lake sediments under acid conditions; it removes susceptible fish and invertebrate species and contaminates remaining invertebrates. it is not highly toxic to birds, but may interfere with their regula ... | 1989 | 24249190 |
| mercury in wintering american black ducks (anas rubripes) downstream from a point-source on the lower penobscot river, maine, usa. | waterfowl wintering along the lower penobscot river, maine continue to be exposed to elevated hg concentrations from the holtrachem chlor-alkali plant that operated along the river between 1967 and 2000. in american black ducks (anas rubripes) total hg in duck breast muscle increased with residence time on contaminated marshes, reaching means of 0.82±0.21μg/g ww (wet weight) by the end of the fall hunting season, and prompting maine to issue a human consumption advisory on duck breast muscle. me ... | 2017 | 28892863 |
| mitochondrial gene trees and the evolutionary relationship of mallard and black ducks. | we assayed restriction site differences in mitochondrial dna (mtdna) within and among allopatric populations of the mallard (anas platyrhynchos) and the american black duck (a. rubripes). the observed mtdna clones grouped into two phylogenetically distinct arrays that we estimate differ by about 0.8% in nucleotide sequence. genotypes in one clonal array were present in both species, while genotypes in the other array were seen only in mallards. in terms of the mtdna "gene tree," the assayed mall ... | 1990 | 28569026 |
| monitoring contaminant exposure: relative concentrations of organochlorines in three tissues of american black ducks. | comparison of organochlorine residues in wildlife must often be made to regulatory standards or to values of known biological significance; this is difficult when dissimilar tissues are analyzed and results are expressed on different bases. to relate levels in the different tissues used for regulatory and monitoring purposes and for biological assessments, we exposed american black ducks to mixtures of three organochlorines. differences in residue burdens among tissues were not statistically sig ... | 1989 | 24243107 |
| avian metapneumovirus subtype c in wild waterfowl in ontario, canada. | avian metapneumovirus (ampv) is an emerging poultry pathogen that has a significant economic impact on poultry production worldwide. the geographic range of the virus continues to expand, and wild birds have been implicated as reservoirs of ampv that have the potential to spread the virus over long distances. our objective was to determine the apparent prevalence of ampv subtype c in wild waterfowl in ontario, canada. wild waterfowl were captured in august and september, 2016 as part of routine ... | 2018 | 29457370 |
| assessing changes in genomic divergence following a century of human-mediated secondary contact among wild and captive-bred ducks. | along with manipulating habitat, the direct release of domesticated individuals into the wild is a practice used worldwide to augment wildlife populations. we test between possible outcomes of human-mediated secondary contact using genomic techniques at both historical and contemporary timescales for two iconic duck species. first, we sequence several thousand ddrad-seq loci for contemporary mallards (anas platyrhynchos) throughout north america and two domestic mallard types (i.e., known game-f ... | 2020 | 31872482 |
| clade 2.3.4.4 h5 north american highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses infect, but do not cause clinical signs in, american black ducks (anas rubripes). | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) from the goose/guangdong/1996 clade 2.3.4.4 h5 lineage spread from asia into north america in 2014, most likely by wild bird migrations. although several variants of the virus were detected, h5n8 and h5n2 were the most widespread in north american wild birds and domestic poultry. in early 2015, the h5n2 virus spread through commercial poultry in the midwest, and >50 million chickens and turkeys died or had to be culled. related h5 hpaivs are still ... | 2019 | 31251539 |
| a new tool for studying waterfowl immune and metabolic responses: molecular level analysis using kinome profiling. | here, we describe the design of an anas-specific kinome peptide array that can be used to study the immunometabolic responses of mallard and american black duck to pathogens, contaminants, and environmental stress. the peptide arrays contain 2,642 unique phosphorylate-able peptide sequences representing 1,900 proteins. these proteins cover a wide array of metabolic and immunological processes, and 758 gene ontology biological processes are statistically significantly represented on the duck pept ... | 2018 | 30250721 |
| new insight into avian papillomavirus ecology and evolution from characterization of novel wild bird papillomaviruses. | viruses in the family papillomaviridae have circular dsdna genomes of approximately 5.7-8.6 kb that are packaged within non-enveloped, icosahedral capsids. the known papillomavirus (pv) representatives infect vertebrates, and there are currently more than 130 recognized pv species in more than 50 genera. we identified 12 novel avian papillomavirus (apv) types in wild birds that could represent five distinct species and two genera. viruses were detected in paired oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs colle ... | 2019 | 31031718 |
| discovery and characterization of novel rna viruses in aquatic north american wild birds. | wild birds are recognized viral reservoirs but our understanding about avian viral diversity is limited. we describe here three novel rna viruses that we identified in oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs collected from wild birds. the complete genome of a novel gull metapneumovirus (gumpv b29) was determined. phylogenetic analyses indicated that this virus could represent a novel avian metapneumovirus (ampv) sub-group, intermediate between ampv-c and the subgroup of the other ampvs. this virus was detec ... | 2019 | 31438486 |
| identifying hybrids & the genomics of hybridization: mallards & american black ducks of eastern north america. | resolving evolutionary relationships and establishing population structure depends on molecular diagnosability that is often limited for closely related taxa. here, we use 3,200 ddrad-seq loci across 290 mallards, american black ducks, and putative hybrids to establish population structure and estimate hybridization rates. we test between traditional assignment probability and accumulated recombination events based analyses to assign hybrids to generational classes. for hybrid identification, we ... | 2019 | 30962906 |
| monitoring responses to variation in food supply for a migratory waterfowl: american black duck (anas rubripes) in winter. | wintering black ducks (anas rubripes) concentrate in wetlands along the atlantic coast where natural and anthropogenic disturbances have increased over the last 50 years, a period in which the population of black ducks has declined. we studied the sensitivity of black ducks to perturbations in food supply that often result from disturbances by storms, predators, and people. in the paper, we characterize the responses of captive black ducks to shifts in food quality and availability during winter ... | 2018 | 29804127 |