| correlations of daily activity with avian cholera mortality among wildfowl. | we tested the hypothesis that wildfowl activities can influence the risk of avian cholera (pasteurella multocida infection) for susceptible birds at centerville, humboldt county, california (usa). avian cholera mortality characteristics from past epizootics were correlated with variations in flock size, habitat use and 11 feeding and nonfeeding behaviors among six empirically defined groups of wildfowl: american coots (fulica americana), tundra swans (cygnus columbianus), american wigeon (anas a ... | 1991 | 1758019 |
| experimental transmission of sarcocystis sp. (protozoa: sarcocystidae) between the shoveler (anas clypeata) duck and the striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). | muscle containing macroscopic cysts of sarcocystis sp. from naturally infected wild shoveler (anas clypeata) ducks was fed to two captive striped skunks (mephitis mephitis). the skunks passed sporocysts in their feces beginning 19 and 22 days post-infection, and continued to pass small numbers of sporocysts sporadically to 63 and 51 days post-infection, respectively. sporocysts from the skunks were administered orally to four laboratory-reared shovelers. no cysts were found in ducks examined 56 ... | 1981 | 6796702 |
| fracture forum: clay-shoveler fracture. chance fracture. | | 1994 | 7936731 |
| parasites of waterfowl, from southwest texas: iii. the green-winged teal, anas crecca. | seventy of 72 green-winged teal, anas crecca, from southwest texas were infected with parasites. seventeen species of endoparasites were recorded: notocotylus attenuatus, zygocotyle lunata, typhlocoelum sisowi, echinostoma revolutum, hypoderaeum conoideum, dendritobilharzia pulverulenta, cloacotaenia megalops, sobolevicanthus gracilis, sobolevicanthus krabbeella, gastrotaenia cygni, amidostomum acutum, amidostomum anseris, tetrameres crami, echinuria uncinata, corynosoma constrictum, polymorphus ... | 1981 | 6788963 |
| avian influenza in wild waterfowl and shorebirds in the donana national park: serological survey using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the indirect elisa was used to detect antibodies to influenzavirus a in the sera of wildfowl from the donana national park. of the 712 birds examined, 44 (6.2%) were seropositive. positive birds belonged to 10 of the 13 species studied. infection rates varied widely: spoonbill (platalea leucorodia, 32.2%), mallard (anas platyrhynchos, 9.9%), gadwall (anas strepera, 8.6%), red-crested pochard (netta rufina, 8.1%), pochard (aythya ferina, 6.4%), shoveler (anas clypeata, 5%), great crested grebe (p ... | 1994 | 18671098 |
| [gymnophallus rebecqui n. sp. (syn. parvatrema sp. 1, j. rebecq, 1964) (digenea: gymnophallidae), an intestinal parasite of ducks from camargue (france)]. | gymnophallus rebecqui n. sp. replace parvatrema sp. 1 j. rebecq, 1964. metacercariae are described. they occur free in the extrapallial space of cerastoderma glaucum and abra ovata, at the central part of the valves. pallial epithelium hypertrophy is induced by metacercariae and damages are produced at the inner face of the shell of abra ovata. adults have been reared in laboratory hosts (aythya ferina, a. fuligula, anas platyrhynchos, tadorna tadorna and larus argentatus michaellis). natural ad ... | 1983 | 6614742 |
| mortality of waterfowl on a hypersaline wetland as a result of salt encrustation. | approximately 300 geese, primarily lesser canada geese (branta canadensis parvipes) were found unable to fly or dead on a small hypersaline lake (conductivity 77,000-90,000 mumhos/cm) in western saskatchewan in september 1985. the birds were heavily encrusted with sodium sulfate crystals. dead birds that were necropsied had aspirated lake water and had evidence of acute muscle degeneration. the live geese (155) were captured and moved to nearby freshwater wetlands where most apparently survived. ... | 1987 | 3820414 |
| epizootiological features of avian cholera on the north coast of california. | an avian cholera (pasteurella multocida) epizootic was observed among wildfowl at the centerville gun club, humboldt county, california (usa) in january 1978. compared to their live populations and use of the area, coots (fulica americana) died in proportionately greater numbers than any other species. coots collected by gunshot were evaluated for sex and age composition, and morphometry from november 1977 through mid-january 1978 at this site. there was no substantial difference in the sex, age ... | 1989 | 2716104 |
| avian influenza virus monitoring in wintering waterbirds in iran, 2003-2007. | virological, molecular and serological studies were carried out to determine the status of infections with avian influenza viruses (aiv) in different species of wild waterbirds in iran during 2003-2007. samples were collected from 1146 birds representing 45 different species with the majority of samples originating from ducks, coots and shorebirds. samples originated from 6 different provinces representative for the 15 most important wintering sites of migratory waterbirds in iran. | 2010 | 20167132 |
| integration of pecking, filter feeding and drinking mechanisms in waterfowl. | this paper is one of several contributions in a series, illustrating the application of a specific deductive methodology to explain diversity of form. the methodology facilitates the explanation of feeding morphologies in various ducks as a transformation of the mallard's feeding design maximized for specific proportions of performance that are contributed by pecking and filter feeding mechanisms. the earlier described anatomy and formal analyses of the three mechanisms in the mallard served as ... | 1991 | 1927161 |
| waterfowl ecology and avian influenza in california: do host traits inform us about viral occurrence? | we examined whether host traits influenced the occurrence of avian influenza virus (aiv) in anatidae (ducks, geese, swans) at wintering sites in california's central valley. in total, 3487 individuals were sampled at sacramento national wildlife refuge and conaway ranch duck club during the hunting season of 2007-08. of the 19 anatidae species sampled, prevalence was highest in the northern shoveler (5.09%), followed by the ring-necked duck (2.63%), american wigeon (2.57%), bufflehead (2.50%), g ... | 2010 | 20521673 |
| tissue lead concentrations and shot ingestion in nine species of waterbirds from the camargue (france). | this study investigates the relationship among lead exposure (shot ingestion), current lead impregnation (liver lead values), current and previous lead impregnation (bone lead values), and lead excretion (feather lead) in nine species of waterbird from the camargue (rhone river delta), france. results indicate that for individuals there is no readily predictable relationship between ingested shot and liver or bone lead concentrations. however, at the "population" level, and interspecifically, si ... | 1992 | 1280587 |
| the species of mallophaga in wild birds in iran. | up to date 2 species of mallophaga have been reported from birds in iran. further studies in tehran area showed that the wild birds harbour more lice. the following species of mallophage are reported for the first time from birds in iran. anaticola crassicornis from anas clypeata, laemobothrion maximum from falco tinnunculus laemobothrion sp. from aquila chrysaetos alcedoecus annulatus from alcedo athis, colpocephalum pectinatum and strigiphilus sp. from streptopelia turtur, amrysidea fulvomacul ... | 1975 | 1243890 |
| the opossum (didelphis virginiana) as a host for sarcocystis debonei from cowbirds (molothrus ater) and grackles (cassidix mexicanus, quiscalus quiscula). | sarcocystis-infected muscles from ducks, cowbirds, and grackles were fed to cats, opossums, rats, and a dog. only the opossum (didelphis virginiana) was a suitable definitive host. all opossums that were fed sarcocystis-infected cowbirds (molothrus ater) and grackles (cassidix mexicanus and quiscalus quiscula) passed sporocysts in their feces. opossums that ate the cowbirds had prepatent periods of 5 and 10 days and remained patent for at least 105 days. opossums that ate the grackles became pat ... | 1978 | 417165 |
| geographical gradients in the population dynamics of north american prairie ducks. | 1. geographic gradients in population dynamics may occur because of spatial variation in resources that affect the deterministic components of the dynamics (i.e. carrying capacity, the specific growth rate at small densities or the strength of density regulation) or because of spatial variation in the effects of environmental stochasticity. to evaluate these, we used a hierarchical bayesian approach to estimate parameters characterizing deterministic components and stochastic influences on popul ... | 2008 | 18631261 |
| trace element concentrations in wintering waterfowl from the great salt lake, utah. | the great salt lake (gsl) is an important region for millions of migratory waterbirds. however, high concentrations of some trace elements, including hg and se, have been detected within the gsl, and baseline ecotoxicological data are lacking for avian species in this system. we collected common goldeneye (bucephala clangula), northern shoveler (anas clypeata), and green-winged teal (a. crecca) from the gsl during the winters of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 to evaluate sources of variation in liver t ... | 2009 | 18560923 |
| avian influenza surveillance in hunter-harvested waterfowl from the gulf coast of texas (november 2005-january 2006). | the objectives of our study were to determine prevalence of avian influenza viruses (aiv) on wintering grounds on the texas gulf coast, usa, and to compare real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) and virus isolation for detection of aiv in cloacal swabs from wild waterfowl. cloacal swabs were collected from hunter-harvested waterfowl from november 2005 to january 2006 at four wildlife management areas. seven aiv were isolated from four species of ducks: green-winged t ... | 2008 | 18436675 |
| [complex environmental and virological monitoring in the primorye territory in 2003-2006]. | the paper presents the results of monitoring of viruses of western nile (wn), japanese encephalitis (je), tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), geta, influenza a, as well as avian paramicroviruses type i (virus of newcastle disease (nd)) and type 6 (apmv-6) in the primorye territory in 2003-2006. totally throughout the period, specific antibodies to the viruses were detected by neutralization test in wild birds (7.3%, wn; 8.0%, geta; 0.7% batai; 2.8%, alpine hare (lepus timidus); by hemagglutination-in ... | 2007 | 18041224 |
| foot preferences during resting in wildfowl and waders. | footedness in birds has been reported, e.g., in parrots and chickens, but the direction of footedness remained unclear. is a bird left-footed because it uses its left foot for holding and handling food, or is it right-footed because it uses the right foot for stabilisation and balancing while perching? in 2004 and 2006 i examined footedness in wildfowl and waders while the birds were performing a single task: roosting on the ground on one foot. avocet (recurvirostra avosetta), northern shoveller ... | 2007 | 17365634 |
| predicting resource partitioning and community organization of filter-feeding dabbling ducks from functional morphology. | resource partitioning due to interspecific differences in phenotype is a key component of ecological and evolutionary theory, but the relationship between morphology and resource use is poorly understood for most species. in addition, ecologists often assume that morphological differences cause distinct resource preferences between species. using mechanistic models that combine bill morphology and kinetics, i show that filter-feeding dabbling ducks face a morphology-mediated trade-off between pa ... | 2007 | 17230398 |
| mercury concentrations in muscle, brain and bone of western alaskan waterfowl. | total mercury (thg), which includes both inorganic (hg(2+)) and methylmercury (mehg) species, has been reported for seabirds in the north pacific and alaska. for the yup'ik and aleut people of alaska, waterfowl are a small but important seasonal component of the diet, but many alaskan species have not been studied extensively for the presence of mercury. birds are good subjects for examination of mercury concentrations because they feed at different trophic levels, they can be long-lived, and ma ... | 2005 | 16076480 |
| [distribution of trematodes of the family prosthogonimidae in river and lake ecological systems in the south of the western siberia]. | the results of long-term investigations (1994-2003) of an infection rate of trematodes of the family prosthogonimidae in the first intermediate hosts (snails of the family bithyniidae) and in the final hosts (birds) from a basin of the chany lake (western siberia) are discussed. a total of 1824 specimens of bithynia tentaculata (l., 1758) and 7166 specimens of opisthorchophorus troscheli (paasch, 1842) have been collected from eight rivers and two lakes in the south of the western siberia. data ... | 2005 | 15810558 |
| individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds. | questions about individual variation in "quality" and fitness are of great interest to evolutionary and population ecologists. such variation can be investigated using either a random effects approach or an approach that relies on identifying observable traits that are themselves correlated with fitness components. we used the latter approach with data from 1,925 individual females of three species of ducks (tufted duck, aythya fuligula; common pochard, aythya ferina; northern shoveler, anas cly ... | 2005 | 15657762 |
| correlates of lifetime reproductive success in three species of european ducks. | number of breeding attempts is a strong correlate of lifetime reproductive success (lrs) in birds, but the relative importance of potentially interacting factors affecting lrs has rarely been fully evaluated. we considered simultaneously five main factors hypothesized to influence lrs (age at first breeding, nesting date, number of breeding attempts, female traits, brood parasitism) by analyzing with path analysis 22-year data sets for 1,279 individually marked females and their offspring in tuf ... | 2004 | 15138877 |
| phylogenetic and pathogenic analyses of three h5n1 avian influenza viruses (clade 2.3.2.1) isolated from wild birds in northeast china. | from april to september 2012, periodic surveillance of avian influenza h5n1 viruses from different wild bird species was conducted in northeast china. three highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 viruses were isolated from a yellow-browed warbler, common shoveler, and mallard. to trace the genetic lineage of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of all eight gene segments were determined and phylogenetically analyzed. the data indicated that three viruses belonged to the same antigenic virus ... | 2015 | 25461692 |
| surveillance of avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in egypt, 2003-09. | migratory (particularly aquatic) birds are the major natural reservoirs for type a influenza viruses. however, their role in transmitting highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses is unclear. egypt is a "funnel" zone of wild bird migration pathways from central asia and europe to eastern and central africa ending in south africa. we sought to detect and isolate avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in egypt. during september 2003-february 2009, the us naval medical research unit numb ... | 2012 | 22740532 |
| mercury concentrations in migratory waterfowl harvested from southern nevada wildlife management areas, usa. | mercury concentrations were determined in 14 species of migratory waterfowl harvested from southern nevada wildlife management areas during the 2001-2002 hunting season. common mergansers (2.61 +/- 0.87 ppm liver; 0.22 +/- 0.04 ppm muscle), northern shovelers (3.51 +/- 3.8 ppm liver; 0.16 +/- 0.03 ppm muscle), and bufflehead (2.63 +/- 0.24 ppm liver; 0.91 ppm muscle) had the highest concentrations of mercury in the liver and muscle of the species harvested. the relationships between muscle and l ... | 2004 | 14758592 |
| redescription of the sarcocysts of sarcocystis rileyi (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae). | the intermediate hosts for sarcocystis rileyi (stiles 1893) minchin 1913 are ducks (anas spp.), and the striped skunk (mephitis mephitis) is its definitive host. the structure of sarcocysts from an experimentally infected shoveler duck (anas cylpeata) fed sporocysts from an experimentally-infected m. mephitis was studied and compared with type specimens from a naturally infected duck. the experimentally infected duck was killed 154 d after feeding sporocysts. by light microscopy the sarcocyst wa ... | 2003 | 14733440 |
| a new species of plasmodium from the formosan shoveller duck (anas clypeata l.). | | 1965 | 14298490 |
| high prevalences of lead poisoning in wintering waterfowl in spain | some mediterranean wetlands are found between the areas with the highest prevalence of lead pellet exposure for waterfowl in the world. to assess the situation in spain, availability of pellets in sediments and rates of ingestion by waterfowl were determined in four important wetlands: albufera de valència, el fondo, tablas de daimiel, and doñana (guadalquivir marshes). lead pellet density in sediment was maximum in the albufera, with 2.8 million pellets/ha. in tablas de daimiel, where hunting w ... | 1998 | 9680527 |
| efficacy of limited ct for nonvisualized lower cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. | records of 100 patients with blunt injury and nonvisualization of c7 and t1 on cross-table lateral and swimmer's views were reviewed to evaluate the usefulness of limited computed tomographic (ct) scans in "clearing" the lower cervical vertebrae of injury. ct was deemed necessary and performed in all of these cases because the lower cervical spine could not be evaluated clinically or with plain radiographs. ninety-seven of these 100 patients had normal findings on ct and only three patients show ... | 1994 | 7939833 |
| an epizootic of avian botulism in a phosphate mine settling pond in northern florida. | type c botulism was determined to be the cause of an epizootic among waterfowl and shorebirds in a phosphate mine settling pond in northern florida during may and june of 1979. several hundred birds, the most common of which were american coots (fulica americana), wood ducks (aix sponsa), common gallinules (gallinula chloropus), and northern shovelers (anas clypeata), were afflicted over about a three-week period. a second smaller outbreak occurred in the same pond in early december of 1979. thi ... | 1980 | 6997514 |
| selenium-vitamin e deficiency in captive wild ducks. | seventy-five ducklings belonging to nine species of wild ducks were kept in a large floor pen. at about 8 weeks of age, a pintail and two shovelers showed clinical signs of anorexia, diarrhea, and leg weakness before death. gross pathologic alterations included a pale discoloration of gizzard musculature and pale streaks in the leg muscle. microscopic alterations in gizzard smooth-muscle cells included hyalinization, mineralization of sarcoplasmic debris in necrotic smooth-muscle fibers, and mac ... | 1983 | 6870728 |
| [wardium zmorayi n.sp. (cestoda) from the host anas clypeata (spoon-billed duck)]. | | 1970 | 5463930 |
| avian schistosomes in french aquatic birds: a molecular approach. | the prevalence of human cercarial dermatitis (hcd) caused by bird schistosomes appears to be increasing in france, in light of the impact of tourism combined with high densities of wild aquatic hosts in freshwater areas. the present work expands our knowledge of schistosome systematics by including samples of bird schistosomes collected from their natural hosts in france. heads (318) and viscera (81) of aquatic birds belonging to 16 species from five orders, collecting during the hunting seasons ... | 2009 | 19356266 |
| organic and total mercury in muscle tissue of five aquatic birds with different feeding habits from the se gulf of california, mexico. | we measured organic and total hg in muscle tissue of five species of aquatic birds from the south-eastern gulf of california region, mexico. concentrations of total and organic hg measured in pelecanus occidentalis were the highest (2.85 and 2.68 microgg(-1)); lowest values of organic hg (0.20 microgg(-1)) and total hg (0.47 microgg(-1)) were detected in anas discors and anas clypeata, respectively. differences of hg levels were related to feeding habits, being concentrations in birds of piscivo ... | 2009 | 19419748 |
| influenza a viruses in wild birds of the pacific flyway, 2005-2008. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) pose a significant threat to public health, and viral subtypes circulating in natural avian reservoirs can contribute to the emergence of pathogenic influenza viruses in humans. we investigated the prevalence and distribution of aivs in 8826 migratory and resident wild birds in north america along the pacific flyway, which is a major north-south migration pathway that overlaps with four other flyways in alaska providing opportunities for mixing of eurasian and amer ... | 2010 | 20059316 |
| the use of blood in anas clypeata as an efficient and non-lethal method for the biomonitoring of mercury. | hg was analyzed in seven tissues of 52 common shoveler anas clypeata collected from the coast of se gulf of california. mean hg concentrations were highest in the liver (2,885 ng g⁻¹) and lowest in the gizzard (621 ng g⁻¹); they followed the order: liver, feathers > muscle tissue and tissues of the circulatory system > digestive organs. hg levels were similar or higher than birds of the same trophic level and feeding habits. considering the relationships of hg among tissues and blood we recommen ... | 2013 | 23595347 |
| multiple contiguous cervicothoracic clay-shoveler's fractures (from c6 to t9 spinal vertebrae). | | 2013 | 24839536 |
| morphologic and molecular characterization of the sarcocysts of sarcocystis rileyi (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) from the mallard duck ( anas platyrhynchos ). | macroscopic sarcocysts are often observed in ducks, but at present their taxonomic status remains uncertain because ducks serve as intermediate hosts for several such parasites in the genus sarcocystis . one such species, sarcocystis rileyi , was long ago established to involve the northern shoveler duck ( anas clypeata ) and the striped skunk ( mephitis mephitis ) as its intermediate and definitive hosts, respectively. here, we employed light microscopy, electron microscopy, and dna sequencing ... | 2010 | 20496959 |
| endozoochorous dispersal of aquatic plants: does seed gut passage affect plant performance? | the ingestion of seeds by vertebrates can affect the germinability and/or germination rate of seeds. it is, however, unclear if an earlier germination as a result of ingestion affects later plant performance. for sago pondweed, potamogeton pectinatus, the effects of seed ingestion by ducks on both germinability and germination rate have been previously reported from laboratory experiments. we performed an experiment to determine the effects of seed ingestion by ducks on germination, seedling sur ... | 2005 | 21652448 |
| ingestion of lead and nontoxic shot by green-winged teal (anas crecca) and northern shovelers (anas clypeata) from the mid-gulf coast of texas, usa. | ninety-eight green-winged teal (anas crecca) and 84 northern shoveler (anas clypeata) gizzards were examined for ingested shot. one northern shoveler had lead and three had steel shot; 24 teal and 17 shovelers had composite nontoxic shot or nonlead metal fragments. prevalence of ingested lead appears minimal and consistent with other studies conducted after lead-shot bans. | 2011 | 21719854 |
| cross-seasonal patterns of avian influenza virus in breeding and wintering migratory birds: a flyway perspective. | abstract the spread of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in nature is intrinsically linked with the movements of wild birds. wild birds are the reservoirs for the virus and their migration may facilitate the circulation of aiv between breeding and wintering areas. this cycle of dispersal has become widely accepted; however, there are few aiv studies that present cross-seasonal information. a flyway perspective is critical for understanding how wild birds contribute to the persistence of aiv over l ... | 2011 | 21995264 |
| interspecies transmission and limited persistence of low pathogenic avian influenza genomes among alaska dabbling ducks. | the reassortment and geographic distribution of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus genes are well documented, but little is known about the persistence of intact lpai genomes among species and locations. to examine persistence of entire lpai genome constellations in alaska, we calculated the genetic identities among 161 full-genome lpai viruses isolated across 4 years from five species of duck: northern pintail (anas acuta), mallard (anas platyrhynchos), american green-winged teal (anas ... | 2011 | 21964597 |
| genetic structure of pacific flyway avian influenza viruses is shaped by geographic location, host species, and sampling period. | the eight gene segments of avian influenza virus (aiv) reassort frequently and rapidly to generate novel genotypes and subtypes that are transmissible to a broad range of hosts. there is evidence that aiv can have a restricted host range and can segregate in space and time. host-virus relationships at the species, geographic, and spatial scales have not been fully defined for aiv populations of the pacific flyway, particularly among the diverse waterfowl that occupy the flyway in alaska and cali ... | 2012 | 22222690 |
| avian influenza virus wild bird surveillance in the azov and black sea regions of ukraine (2010-2011). | the azov and black sea basins are part of the transcontinental wild bird migration routes from northern asia and europe to the mediterranean, africa, and southwest asia. these regions constitute an area of transit, stops during migration, and nesting for many different bird species. from september 2010 to september 2011, a wild bird surveillance study was conducted in these regions to identify avian influenza viruses. biological samples consisting of cloacal and tracheal swabs and fecal samples ... | 2012 | 23402128 |
| species identification of birds nasal trichobilharzia in sari, north of iran. | cercarial dermatitis is known as an endemic parasitic disease in north of iran, a hypersensitive skin reaction to the penetration of nonhuman schistosome larvae into human skin. in recent studies in this region, final and intermediate hosts were recognized and trichobilharzia was identified as the main causative agent of cercarial dermatitis in this region, but to date the parasite species haven't been identified. therefore this study was performed to species identification of nasal trichobilhar ... | 2012 | 23323095 |
| waterbird counts on large water bodies: comparing ground and aerial methods during different ice conditions. | the aerial and ground methods of counting birds in a coastal area during different ice conditions were compared. ice coverage of water was an important factor affecting the results of the two methods. when the water was ice-free, more birds were counted from the ground, whereas during ice conditions, higher numbers were obtained from the air. the first group of waterbirds with the smallest difference between the two methods (average 6%) contained seven species: mute swan cygnus olor, whooper swa ... | 2018 | 30038859 |
| isolation of phyllosilicate-iron redox cycling microorganisms from an illite-smectite rich hydromorphic soil. | the biogeochemistry of phyllosilicate-fe redox cycling was studied in a phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) dominated redoximorphic soil from shovelers sink, a small glacial depression near madison, wi. the clay size fraction of shovelers sink soil accounts for 16% of the dry weight of the soil, yet contributes 74% of total fe. the dominant mineral in the clay size fraction is mixed layer illite-smectite, and in contrast to many other soils and sediments, fe(iii) oxides are present in low a ... | 2012 | 22493596 |
| morphological and molecular analyses of larval and adult stages of echinoparyphium recurvatum von linstow 1873 (digenea: echinostomatidae) from central mexico. | in central mexico, populations of the freshwater snail physella cubensis were infected with metacercariae from a species of echinoparyphium (digenea: echinostomatidae). in the current study, we describe both larval and adult stages of this species obtained from experimental and natural infections. a total 180 snails were collected from patzcuaro lake, michoacan state in central mexico in july 2012. in the laboratory snails were placed in individual vials and exposed to light with the aim of obse ... | 2015 | 24739119 |
| prevalence and diversity of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in wild birds in guatemala, 2010-2013. | waterfowl species are known to harbor the greatest diversity of low pathogenicity influenza a virus (lpaiv) subtypes and are recognized as their main natural reservoir. in guatemala there is evidence of circulation of lpaiv in wild ducks; however, the bird species contributing to viral diversity during the winter migration in central america are unknown. in this study, samples obtained from 1250 hunter-killed birds from 22 different species were collected on the pacific coast of guatemala during ... | 2016 | 27309080 |
| hazards of snow shoveling. | snow shovelers often complain about muscular aches and pains, but the demands on their metabolic and cardiovascular systems may be more significant. | 1980 | 29251214 |
| novel reassortant 2.3.4.4b h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses circulating among wild, domestic birds in xinjiang, northwest china. | the h5 avian influenza viruses (aivs) of clade 2.3.4.4 circulate in wild and domestic birds worldwide. in 2017, nine strains of h5n6 aivs were isolated from aquatic poultry in xinjiang, northwest china. | 2021 | 34170087 |
| integrative taxonomy of central european parasitic flatworms of the family prosthogonimidae lühe, 1909 (trematoda: plagiorchiida). | species of the family prosthogonimidae are considered the most pathogenic poultry trematodes worldwide, affecting particularly low intensity farming in rural areas. adults of prosthogonimus occur mainly in the bursa of fabricius, oviduct and cloaca of ducks, geese, fowl and other birds feeding at least occasionally on dragonflies or damselflies (odonata). we analyzed the central european species of the prosthogonimidae, namely prosthogonimus cuneatus, prosthogonimus ovatus, prosthogonimus pelluc ... | 2015 | 25724855 |
| detection and molecular identification of sarcocystis rileyi (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) from a northern shoveler (anas clypeata) in mexico. | we detected macroscopic sarcocystis cysts in a northern shoveler ( anas clypeata ) in the lerma marshes, state of mexico, mexico in february 2014. the 5.0×2.0-mm macrocysts in the breast muscle of the duck were ovoid and yellow. using an optical microscope, we saw parasitic forms of a sarcocystis sp. among muscular fibers; the cysts measured 3.5×1.1 mm. the external wall had a smooth surface and the internal wall had a spongy texture. we identified the macrocysts as sarcocystis rileyi according ... | 2016 | 27537932 |
| parasites of waterfowl from southwest texas: ii. the shoveler, anas clypeata. | thirty-eight shoveler ducks, anas clypeata , were collected in the rio grande valley, hudspeth county, texas. nineteen species of helminths, six species of lice and a sarcosporidian, sarcocystis rileyi , were recorded. seventeen of the nineteen species of helminths were observed in fall migrants and twelve species were recorded from spring migrants. the nematode alifilaria pochardi ali, 1969, is a new host and american record. | 1977 | 24228969 |
| toxoplasma gondii in waterfowl: the first detection of this parasite in anas crecca and anas clypeata from italy. | understanding the spread of toxoplasma gondii in waterfowl is of interest for elucidating the potential involvement of these birds in maintaining the parasitic life cycle because birds are exposed to these parasites. sera from 103 adult, free-range game birds, representing 13 different species living in the italian wetlands, were examined using modified agglutination tests for antibodies specific to t. gondii . in seropositive birds, the brain and heart were homogenized and dna was extracted to ... | 2013 | 23145510 |
| phylogenetic analysis of nasal avian schistosomes (trichobilharzia) from aquatic birds in mazandaran province, northern iran. | nasal schistosomes are trematodes in the family schistosomatidae, many members of which are causative agents of human cercarial dermatitis (hcd). little is known about the species diversity and distribution of nasal dwelling schistosomes of water birds, particularly in countries outside of europe; even less is known in countries like iran. nasal schistosomes are of particular interest since these species migrate via the central nervous system to the nasal cavity once they penetrate their host. t ... | 2016 | 26631753 |
| avian influenza virus prevalence in migratory waterfowl in the united states, 2007-2009. | we analyzed 155,535 samples collected for surveillance of avian influenza viruses (aivs), in the united states from 2007 to 2009, from migratory waterfowl (ducks, geese, and swans). the goal was to elucidate patterns of prevalence by flyway and functional groups to determine targets for future surveillance. apparent prevalence of aiv was highest in the pacific flyway in 2007-2008 (14.2% and 14.1%, respectively), in the mississippi flyway in 2009 (16.8%), and lowest each year in the atlantic flyw ... | 2014 | 25618997 |
| phylogenetic studies of anas clypeata (anatidae: anas) based on complete mitochondrial dna sequences. | northern shoveler (anas clypeata) is a middle-sized duck living in an extremely geographical range in northern hemisphere. here, the complete mitochondrial genome of a. clypeata (16 599 bp in length) has been analyzed for building the database. similar to the typical mtdna of vertebrates, it contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes and 22 trna genes) and a non-coding region (d-loop). overall base composition of the complete mitochondrial dna is a (29.4%), g (15.7%), c (32.5%) an ... | 2016 | 26462546 |
| clay-shoveler fracture in a paddler: a case report. | clay-shoveler fracture is a fracture of the spinous process of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae. it has only rarely been reported as being caused by an overuse sports injury. this case report describes the first reported clay-shoveler fracture in a paddler. a 51-year-old male paddler, preparing for a paddling adventure over 630 km, felt a click and a sharp pain paravertebrally on the level of the upper thoracic vertebrae while paddling. sonar investigation did not reveal any muscular ... | 2016 | 26247546 |
| complete genome sequence of a reassortant h14n2 avian influenza virus from california. | we report the complete genome sequence of a reassortant h14n2 avian influenza virus isolated in 2011 from a northern shoveler in california. this introduced eurasian subtype acquired seven segments from north american viruses and circulated in the pacific flyway 1 year after its detection in the mississippi flyway. | 2013 | 23908286 |
| final hosts and variability of trichobilharzia regenti under natural conditions. | in europe, despite of intensive work on avian schistosomes in the past, only one representative of nasal schistosomes has been detected so far, trichobilharzia regenti, a species that remained undescribed to the scientific community until 1998. since then, however, t. regenti has gained a considerable attention, not only due to the induction of serious lesions concomitant with the migration of the schistosomulae through the central nervous system of their natural hosts (birds) but also due to th ... | 2010 | 20556426 |
| mx gene diversity and influenza association among five wild dabbling duck species (anas spp.) in alaska. | mx (myxovirus-resistant) proteins are induced by interferon and inhibit viral replication as part of the innate immune response to viral infection in many vertebrates. influenza a virus appears to be especially susceptible to mx antiviral effects. we characterized exon 13 and the 3' utr of the mx gene in wild ducks, the natural reservoir of influenza virus and explored its potential relevance to influenza infection. we observed a wide range of intra- and interspecies variations. total nucleotide ... | 2010 | 20621205 |
| avian influenza survey in migrating waterfowl in sonora, mexico. | a two-year survey was carried out on the occurrence of avian influenza in migrating birds in two estuaries of the mexican state of sonora, which is located within the pacific flyway. cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 1262 birds, including 20 aquatic bird species from the moroncarit and tobari estuaries in sonora, mexico. samples were tested for type a influenza (m), h5 eurasian and north american subtypes (h5ea and h5na respectively) and the h7 north american subtype (h7na). ge ... | 2010 | 21091641 |
| avian influenza viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wintering and breeding waterfowl populations in north carolina, usa. | although wild ducks are recognized reservoirs for avian influenza viruses (aivs) and avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs), information related to the prevalence of these viruses in breeding and migratory duck populations on north american wintering grounds is limited. wintering (n=2,889) and resident breeding (n=524) ducks were sampled in north carolina during winter 2004-2006 and summer 2005-2006, respectively. overall prevalence of aiv was 0.8% and restricted to the winter sample; however, prevalence ... | 2011 | 21270016 |
| seasonal variations of steroid hormones and triiodothyronine concentrations in migratory northern shovelers. | endogenous serum testosterone, estradiol, and triiodothyronine concentrations were measured in the northern shoveler (anas clypeata, n = 20) during different stages of migratory condition at their wintering grounds to look at how these hormones may be linked to the development of migratory condition. these hormones were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the changes in hormones concentrations were parallel to each other and correspond to the increasing day lengths of spring. f ... | 2012 | 22331661 |
| the clay shoveler's fracture: a case report and review of the literature. | a clay-shoveler's fracture is a very rarely occurring stress-type avulsion fracture of the lower cervical or upper thoracic spinous processes owing its name to the clay shovelers of past times. currently, this type of injury is mainly encountered in individuals practicing sports involving rotational movements of the upper spine. | 2016 | 27262733 |
| cardiovascular load assessment of coal mine shovelers in west bengal, india: a comparison between middle age groups. | cardiovascular load of underground shovelers was assessed in terms of heart rate changes at work in haulage coalmines. twenty underground shovelers of two different age groups (those of age 31-39 and those of age 40-49) served as subjects. working heart rate was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the older group (138.2 beats/min) than in the younger group (130.4 beats/min). though the net cardiac cost did not differ significantly between the groups (64.8 beats/min and 69.4 beats/min in younger a ... | 2006 | 18516876 |
| clay shovelers' injuries. a report of two injuries sustained from football. | | 2017 | 3578642 |
| amino acid substitutions associated with avian h5n6 influenza a virus adaptation to mice. | at least 15 cases of human beings infected with h5n6 have been reported since 2014, of which at least nine were fatal. the highly pathogenic avian h5n6 influenza virus may pose a serious threat to both public health and the poultry industry. however, the molecular features promoting the adaptation of avian h5n6 influenza viruses to mammalian hosts is not well understood. here, we sequentially passaged an avian h5n6 influenza a virus (a/northern shoveler/ningxia/488-53/2015) 10 times in mice to i ... | 2017 | 28966609 |
| meteorological factors affecting the risk of transmission of hpai in miyazaki, japan. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks engender a severe economic impact on the poultry industry and public health. migratory waterfowl are considered the natural hosts of hpai virus, and hpai viruses are known to be transmitted over long distances during seasonal bird migration. bird migration is greatly affected by the weather. many studies have shown the relationship between either autumn or spring bird migration and climate. however, few studies have shown the relationship betwee ... | 2019 | 31565229 |
| wild birds in live birds markets: potential reservoirs of enzootic avian influenza viruses and antimicrobial resistant enterobacteriaceae in northern egypt. | wild migratory birds are often implicated in the introduction, maintenance, and global dissemination of different pathogens, such as influenza a viruses (iav) and antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria. trapping of migratory birds during their resting periods at the northern coast of egypt is a common and ancient practice performed mainly for selling in live bird markets (lbm). in the present study, samples were collected from 148 wild birds, representing 14 species, which were being offered for ... | 2020 | 32155863 |
| wetland water-management may influence mercury bioaccumulation in songbirds and ducks at a mercury hotspot. | mercury is a persistent, biomagnifying contaminant that can cause negative behavioral, immunological, and reproductive effects in wildlife and human populations. we examined the role of wetland water-management on mercury bioaccumulation in songbirds and ducks at kellys slough national wildlife refuge complex, near grand forks, north dakota usa. we assessed mercury concentrations in blood of wetland-foraging songbirds (80 common yellowthroats [geothlypis trichas] and 14 nelson's sparrows [ammosp ... | 2020 | 31902053 |
| the cloacal microbiome of five wild duck species varies by species and influenza a virus infection status. | waterfowl, especially ducks of the genus anas, are natural reservoir species for influenza a virus (iav). duck populations contain nearly all the known diversity of iavs, and the birds are asymptomatic to infection. previous work established that iav infection status is correlated with changes in the cloacal microbiome in juvenile mallards. here, we analyze five anas species to determine whether these duck species have similar iav+ and iav- cloacal microbiomes, or if the relationships among a ho ... | 2018 | 30355662 |
| morphometrical and ecological analysis of nematodes of the family capillariidae (neveu-lemaire, 1936) in wild ducks (anatinae) from the north-western poland. | west pomerania is located on the migratory route of many species of birds. among them are many representatives of wild duck species (subfamily anatinae), which are often the primary hosts of many helminths due to the fact of living in two different environments: terrestrial and aquatic. however, until the end of the 90s, research conducted in poland on the helminth fauna of wild birds, including nematodes of the family capillariidae, did not include the north-western region of the country. these ... | 2013 | 24791347 |
| avian schistosomes and human cercarial dermatitis in a wildlife refuge in mazandaran province, northern iran. | each year, hundreds of aquatic migratory birds migrate from northern hemisphere to the mazandaran province, northern iran. little information is available on prevalence and density of schistosomes in water birds in iran and around the world. the objectives of this study were to determine definitive and intermediate hosts of avian schistosomes as well as to assess human cercarial dermatitis (hcd) in a wildlife refuge in mazandaran province. of 1106 examined people, 589 (53.2%) had maculopapular r ... | 2013 | 23121919 |