| management of corn leafhopper (homoptera: cicadellidae) and corn stunt disease in sweet corn using reflective mulch. | plastic reflective mulches significantly reduced populations of corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis (delong & wolcott), adults and the incidence of corn stunt disease caused by spiroplasma kunkelii (css) in late planted sweet corn (zea mays l.). the reflective mulches were more effective than were either foliar or soil applied insecticides in managing both the leafhopper and the pathogen it transmits. yields of marketable ears were 1.5 to 2 times greater in reflective mulch plots than from fallow p ... | 2002 | 12020008 |
| infection and replication sites of spiroplasma kunkelii (class: mollicutes) in midgut and malpighian tubules of the leafhopper dalbulus maidis. | spiroplasma kunkelii distribution and infection mechanisms in the intestines and malpighian tubules of dalbulus maidis were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. spiroplasmas were found between microvilli and in endocytic vesicles of the midgut epithelium. at the basal part, cytoplasmic vesicles contained multiple spiroplasmas with tube-like extensions and spiroplasmas accumulated between the laminae rara and densa of the basal lamina. tip structures of flask-shaped spiroplasmas pier ... | 2003 | 12676553 |
| pathogenicity of fungal isolates (ascomycota: hypocreales) against peregrinus maidis, delphacodes kuscheli (hemiptera: delphacidae), and dalbulus maidis (hemiptera: cicadellidae), vectors of corn diseases. | preliminary screening assays were carried out on 17 isolates from five fungal species beauveria bassiana, lecanicillium muscarium, metarhizium anisopliae, isaria farinosa, and i. fumosorosea. the three most effective isolates against peregrinus maidis (hemiptera: delphacidae) were b. bassiana cep 147, cep 150, and cep 189. there were no consistent differences found in males and females regarding fungal susceptibility. however, more females than males were proportionally infected. there was not a ... | 2007 | 17407003 |
| habitat of the corn leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) during the dry (winter) season in mexico. | although the corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis (delong and wolcott) is the most important vector of maize pathogens in latin america, little is known about how and where it overwinters (passes the dry season), particularly in mexico. the objectives of this study were (1) to monitor the abundance of d. maidis adults throughout the dry season in maize and maize-free habitats and (2) to determine where and how d. maidis adults, exposed or nonexposed to the maize pathogen spiroplasma kunkelii whitcomb ... | 2007 | 18284730 |
| spiroplasma-like organisms closely associated with the gut in five leafhopper species (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | spiroplasmas are bacteria in the class mollicutes that are frequently associated with insects and/or plants. here, we describe the ultrastructure, localization, and occurrence of apparent commensal/symbiotic spiroplasma-like organisms (slos) in the midgut and hindgut of five leafhopper species from laboratory-reared colonies. those found in dalbulus elimatus, endria inimica, and macrosteles quadrilineatus were long and tubular shaped, whereas those in dalbulus maidis and graminella nigrifrons we ... | 2010 | 20978745 |
| growth inhibition of beauveria bassiana by bacteria isolated from the cuticular surface of the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis and the planthopper, delphacodes kuscheli, two important vectors of maize pathogens. | abstract the phytosanitary importance of the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis (de long and wolcott) (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and the planthopper, delphacodes kuscheli fennah (hemiptera: delphacidae) lies in their ability to transmit phloem-associated plant pathogens, mainly viruses and mollicutes, and to cause considerable mechanical damage to corn plants during feeding and oviposition. fungi, particularly some members of the ascomycota, are likely candidates for biocontrol agents against these ... | 2011 | 21529147 |
| electron microscopic and physicochemical analysis of a reo-like virus of the planthopper peregrinus maidis. | a virus, determined to be a member of the reoviridae, was found naturally infecting colonies of peregrinus maidis, the maize planthopper. the virus, referred to as peregrinus maidis-virus (pgmv), was found by electron microscopy throughout all p. maidis tissues examined, including salivary glands, testes, ovaries, and intestines. the virus particles were associated with fibrillar viroplasmic inclusions in the cytoplasm, of a type characteristic of the reoviridae. the particles, purified from p. ... | 2011 | 3182234 |
| orf43 of maize rayado fino virus is dispensable for systemic infection of maize and transmission by leafhoppers. | maize rayado fino virus (mrfv) possesses an open reading frame (orf43) predicted to encode a 43 kda protein (p43) that has been postulated to be a viral movement protein. using a clone of mrfv (pmrfv-us) from which infectious rna can be produced, point mutations were introduced to either prevent initiation from three potential aug initiation codons near the 5'-end of orf43 or prematurely terminate translation of orf43. inoculation of maize seed via vascular puncture inoculation (vpi) resulted in ... | 2016 | 26837893 |
| infectious maize rayado fino virus from cloned cdna. | a full-length cdna clone was produced from a u.s. isolate of maize rayado fino virus (mrfv), the type member of the genus marafivirus within the family tymoviridae. infectivity of transcripts derived from cdna clones was demonstrated by infection of maize plants and protoplasts, as well as by transmission via the known leafhopper vectors dalbulus maidis and graminella nigrifrons that transmit the virus in a persistent-propagative manner. infection of maize plants through vascular puncture inocul ... | 2015 | 25651051 |
| multiplication of maize rayado fino virus in the leafhopper vector dalbulus maidis. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to demonstrate the increase in titer of maize rayado fino virus (mrfv) in its leafhopper vector, dalbulus maidis. viral antigen concentration attained a maximum in the body of the insect 25 days after virus acquisition and decreased thereafter. substantial differences in concentration were observed among viruliferous leafhoppers. mrfv was serially passed through 5 successive leafhopper populations. the results provide further evidence of mul ... | 1986 | 3721812 |
| electron microscopy of maize rayado fino virus in the internal organs of its leafhopper vector. | discrete groups of 20- to 25-nm isometric particles, considered to represent maize rayado fino virus (rfv), were consistently observed in the ectoderm, fat body, midgut, follicular cells of the ovary, muscle, and salivary glands of rfv-infected dalbulus maidis. the particles commonly occurred within cytoplasmic bodies bound by membranes, some of them resembling lysosomes, and were not found in nonviruliferous insects. these findings are congruent with previous studies on the multiplication of rf ... | 1983 | 6832939 |
| presence of dalbulus maidis (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and of spiroplasma kunkelii in the temperate region of argentina. | "corn stunt" is one of the main corn (zea mays l.) diseases in the americas and dalbulus maidis (delong & wolcott) is the key vector of the pathogen spiroplasma kunkelii whitcomb. in argentina, the corn-producing area is in the temperate region, where vector and pathogen prevalence levels are unknown. in this study, the prevalence and distribution of d. maidis and s. kunkelii in the temperate region of argentina and d. maidis overwintering ability in this region were determined. surveys were con ... | 2013 | 24020268 |
| exitianus obscurinervis (hemiptera: cicadellidae), a new experimental vector of spiroplasma kunkelii. | "corn stunt" caused by the mollicute spiroplasma kunkelii (whitcomb) is potentially one of the most severe diseases affecting the corn (zea mays l.) crop in the americas, and the leafhopper dalbulus maidis (delong & wolcott) is considered its most important vector. however, other insects seen quite frequently in corn crops might well be its vectors in argentina to identify any leafhoppers species other than d. maidis that can transmit s. kunkelii, transmission assays were conducted, using indivi ... | 2011 | 22299338 |
| a bird in the hand versus two in the bush? the specialist leafhopper dalbulus maidis (hemiptera: cicadellidae) does not discriminate against sub-optimal host plants (zea spp.). | the corn leafhopper [dalbulus maidis (delong & wolcott)] is a specialist on zea (poaceae) that coevolved with maize (zea mays mays) and its teosinte (zea spp.) relatives. this study tested the hypothesis that host acceptance by females varies among zea hosts, and is correlated with variation in defensive levels across those hosts. prior studies revealed differences in plant defenses among zea hosts and corresponding differences in corn leafhopper performance. thus, host acceptance was expected t ... | 2017 | 28397144 |
| a few sequence polymorphisms among isolates of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma associate with organ proliferation symptoms of infected maize plants. | maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (mbsp) is a bacterial pathogen of maize (zea mays l.) across latin america. mbsp belongs to the 16sri-b sub-group within the genus 'candidatus phytoplasma'. mbsp and its insect vector dalbulus maidis (hemiptera: cicadellidae) are restricted to maize; both are thought to have coevolved with maize during its domestication from a teosinte-like ancestor. mbsp-infected maize plants show a diversity of symptoms. and it is likely that mbsp is under strong selection for inc ... | 2017 | 28069632 |
| bacteriomes of the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis (delong & wolcott, 1923) (insecta, hemiptera, cicadellidae: deltocephalinae) harbor sulcia symbiont: molecular characterization, ultrastructure, and transovarial transmission. | in this study, we surveyed the bacteriome-associated microbiota of the corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis by means of histological, ultrastructural, and molecular analyses. amplification and sequencing of 16s rdna genes revealed that the endosymbiont "candidatus sulcia muelleri" (phylum bacteroidetes) resides in bacteriomes of d. maidis. phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequence was closely allied to others found in representatives of the subfamily deltocephalinae. we failed to amplify other s ... | 2017 | 27730310 |
| innate and learned prey-searching behavior in a generalist predator. | early colonization by zyginidia scutellaris leafhoppers might be a key factor in the attraction and settling of generalist predators, such as orius spp., in maize fields. in this paper, we aimed to determine whether our observations of early season increases in field populations of orius spp. reflect a specific attraction to z. scutellaris-induced maize volatiles, and how the responses of orius predators to herbivore-induced volatiles (hipvs) might be affected by previous experiences on plants i ... | 2016 | 27343054 |
| first findings in the route of the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma within its vector dalbulus maidis (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | in the pathosystem of dalbulus madis (delong & wolcott) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), a vector of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (mbsp), the interactions occurring during the passage, invasion, and multiplication of the phytoplasma inside the vector body have been generalized from other pathosystems, with a poor understanding of the specific interactions. with the aim to understand mbsp movement and potential specific interactions with its vector, d. maidis adults were dissected to obtain the intest ... | 2016 | 26709294 |
| preliminary observations on zelus obscuridorsis (stål) (hemiptera: reduviidae) as predator of the corn leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) in argentina. | the corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is an important corn pest in most of tropical and subtropical america. this leafhopper has a rich natural enemy complex of which parasitoids and pathogens are the most studied; knowledge on its predators is limited. we noted the presence of the native assassin bug zelus obscuridorsis (hemiptera: reduviidae) predating diverse motile insects, including the corn leafhopper, on corn plants cultivated in household vegetable gardens in san ... | 2015 | 26463200 |
| complete genome sequence of "candidatus sulcia muelleri" ml, an obligate nutritional symbiont of maize leafhopper (dalbulus maidis). | "candidatus sulcia muelleri" is a symbiont of sap-feeding insects in the suborder auchenorrhyncha. the strain "ca. sulcia muelleri" ml is associated with the maize leafhopper (dalbulus maidis), collected in brazil, which is a disease vector that affects corn production. here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium. | 2015 | 25635014 |
| egg parasitoids of the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis, in the southernmost area of its distribution range. | egg parasitoids of the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis (delong and wolcott) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), were surveyed exposing sentinel eggs of the leafhopper along a latitudinal transect of 600 km in argentina, the southernmost area of its distribution range. four parasitoid species were obtained: the mymarids anagrus breviphragma soyka (hymenoptera: mymaridae), anagrus flaveolus waterhouse, and polynema sp., and the trichogrammatid pseudoligosita longifrangiata (viggiani) (hymenoptera: trichog ... | 2013 | 23879879 |
| facilitated by nature and agriculture: performance of a specialist herbivore improves with host-plant life history evolution, domestication, and breeding. | plant defenses against herbivores are predicted to change as plant lineages diversify, and with domestication and subsequent selection and breeding in the case of crop plants. we addressed whether defense against a specialist herbivore declined coincidently with life history evolution, domestication, and breeding within the grass genus zea (poaceae). for this, we assessed performance of corn leafhopper (dalbulus maidis) following colonization of one of four zea species containing three successiv ... | 2013 | 23868032 |
| first host record for anteon pilicorne (ogloblin) (hymenoptera: dryinidae), a parasitoid of cicadellidae, including the corn leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | for the first time the dryinid wasp anteon pilicorne (ogloblin) is recorded as a parasitoid of two macrostelini leafhoppers: balclutha rosea (scott) and the corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis (delong & wolcott). new distributional records are presented. | 2011 | 21584414 |
| first record of eudorylas schreiteri (shannon) (diptera: pipunculidae) as a parasitoid of the corn leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) in argentina, with a table of pipunculid-host associations in the neotropical region. | the big-headed fly eudorylas schreiteri (shannon) is recorded for the first time as an endoparasitoid of the corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis (delong & wolcott) in northern argentina. a table of known neotropical pipunculid-host associations is presented. | 2009 | 19347111 |
| genetic diversity in populations of dalbulus maidis (delong and wolcott) (hemiptera: cicadellidae) from distant localities in brazil assessed by rapd-pcr markers. | populations of dalbulus maidis (delong and wolcott) from the northeastern and central-southern regions of brazil differ morphologically, suggesting that they could be genetically isolated. here we used the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique to estimate genetic structuring of this leafhopper species among five geographically distant localities across those regions and to estimate gene flow between populations. ten specimens were sampled per populatio ... | 2007 | 17349135 |
| a glassy-winged sharpshooter cell line supports replication of rhopalosiphum padi virus (dicistroviridae). | rhopalosiphum padi virus (rhpv) (family dicistroviridae; genus cripavirus) is an icosahedral aphid virus with a 10kb positive-sense rna genome. to study the molecular biology of rhpv, identification of a cell line that supports replication of the virus is essential. we screened nine cell lines derived from species within the lepidoptera, diptera and hemiptera for susceptibility to rhpv following rna transfection. we observed cytopathic effects (cpe) only in cell lines derived from hemipterans, s ... | 2007 | 17113099 |
| enzymatic oxidation products of allelochemicals as a basis for resistance against insects: effects on the corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis. | oxidation products of com allelochemicals generated by peroxidases or tyrosinases were tested in 10% sucrose solutions for effects on the corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis. some reduction in feeding was noted with hydrogen peroxide (a cofactor for peroxidase). significant reduction in feeding was noted with chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (mboa), but not rutin at 400 ppm in solution. oxidation products of these compounds all caused significantly less f ... | 1996 | 8726328 |
| interaction between visual and olfactory stimuli during host-finding by leafhopper,dalbulus maidis (homoptera: cicadellidae). | virtually nothing is known about the role plant volatiles play in host-finding by homoptera in the suborder auchenorrhyncha. in laboratory bioassays, we examined the influence of plant volatiles on orientation and postcontact behaviors of the leafhopper,dalbulus maidis, and determined the relationship between visual and olfactory stimuli during host-finding. when compared to the number of contacts made with reflected green light in the presence of a hexane control,d. maidis made more contacts wh ... | 1990 | 24264080 |
| transmission of rayado fino virus of maize (zea mays) by dalbulus maidis. | | 1973 | 4701061 |
| insect maintenance and transmission. | phytoplasmas are plant pathogens of huge economic importance due to responsibility for crop yield losses worldwide. institutions around the world are trying to understand and control this yield loss at a time when food security is high on government agendas. in order to fully understand the mechanisms of phytoplasma infection and spread, more insect vector and phytoplasma colonies will need to be established for research worldwide. rearing and study of these colonies is essential in the research ... | 2013 | 22987405 |
| did maize domestication and early spread mediate the population genetics of corn leafhopper? | investigating how crop domestication and early farming mediated crop attributes, distributions, and interactions with antagonists may shed light on today's agricultural pest problems. crop domestication generally involved artificial selection for traits desirable to early farmers, for example, increased productivity or yield, and enhanced qualities, though invariably it altered the interactions between crops and insects, and expanded the geographical ranges of crops. thus, some studies suggest t ... | 2017 | 29105309 |
| fine-tuning the 'plant domestication-reduced defense' hypothesis: specialist vs generalist herbivores. | domesticated plants are assumed to have weakened chemical defenses. we argue, however, that artificial selection will have maintained defense traits against specialized herbivores that have coexisted with the crops throughout their domestication. we assessed the performance of eight species of insect herbivores from three feeding guilds on six european maize lines and six populations of their wild ancestor, teosinte. a metabolomics approach was used in an attempt to identify compounds responsibl ... | 2018 | 28877341 |
| do assortative mating and immigrant inviability help maintain population genetic structuring of an herbivore on a crop and a wild relative? | population genetic structuring is common among herbivorous insects and frequently is associated with divergent host plants, such as crops and their wild relatives. previous studies showed population genetic structuring in corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis in mexico, such that the species consists of two sympatric, host plant-associated populations: an abundant and widespread "pestiferous" population on maize (zea mays mays), and a small and localized "wild" population on perennial teosinte (zea di ... | 2017 | 28730723 |
| egg parasitoid complex of the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis (delong) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), in argentina. | the corn leafhopper, dalbulus maidis (delong), is the most important leafhopper pest of maize, zea mays, in the americas. a survey of the diversity of its egg parasitoids was carried out in northwestern argentina. during summer from 2004 to 2007, the samples were collected, using sentinel eggs of d. maidis on corn leaves, exposed in 48 cornfields. sixteen species belonging to four families of chalcidoidea (hymenoptera) were identified. among the parasitoid groups, trichogrammatidae was the most ... | 2017 | 28643143 |
| diversity of leafhoppers (hemiptera: cicadellidae) associated with border grasses and maize during the wet and dry seasons in mexico. | leafhoppers constitute one of the largest groups of pests causing damage to crops worldwide. edge grasses, which are border crops (also known as border grasses), contain diverse plant species and maintain large populations of leafhoppers during the tropical dry and wet seasons. however, little is known about the diversity of leafhoppers on these grasses. the objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of leafhoppers on maize and on surrounding border grasses during the dry and wet ... | 2018 | 29373680 |
| discovery of the first maize-infecting mastrevirus in the americas using a vector-enabled metagenomics approach. | the genus mastrevirus (family geminiviridae) is composed of single-stranded dna viruses that infect mono- and dicotyledonous plants and are transmitted by leafhoppers. in south america, there have been only two previous reports of mastreviruses, both identified in sweet potatoes (from peru and uruguay). as part of a general viral surveillance program, we used a vector-enabled metagenomics (vem) approach and sampled leafhoppers (dalbulus maidis) in itumbiara (state of goiás), brazil. high-through ... | 2018 | 28956174 |
| contrasting effects of sewage sludge and commercial fertilizer on egg to adult development of two herbivorous insect species. | municipal sewage sludge containing heavy metals had a toxic effect on the development of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae), one of two herbivorous insects commonly found in an ohio old-field which had been subjected to long-term sewage sludge application. soils were removed in 1992 from an old-field following 11 years of heavy nutrient enrichment (1978 to 1988) with applications of either sewage sludge (milorganite(®)) containing heavy metal contaminants or urea-phosph ... | 1994 | 24201933 |
| plant community diversity, herbivore movement, and an insect-transmitted disease of maize. | field experiments were carried out in nicaragua to examine the influence of plant community diversity, plant density, and host plant quality on the spread of an insect-transmitted plant pathogen. population levels of the corn leafhopper dalbulus maidis, which transmits the corn stunt spiroplasma to maize, were monitored in four experimental communities; low-density maize monoculture, high-density maize monoculture, two-species (maize/bean) polyculture, and multispecies (maize/weeds) polyculture. ... | 1987 | 29357176 |