| mitochondrial dna evolution in the genus equus. | employing mitochondrial dna (mtdna) restriction-endonuclease maps as the basis of comparison, we have investigated the evolutionary affinities of the seven species generally recognized as the genus equus. individual species' cleavage maps contained an average of 60 cleavage sites for 16 enzymes, of which 29 were invariant for all species. based on an average divergence rate of 2%/myr, the variation between species supports a divergence of extant lineages from a common ancestor approximately 3.9 ... | 1986 | 2832696 |
| [the sequence of hemoglobins from an asiatic wild ass and a mountain zebra]. | the hemoglobins from an asiatic wild ass (equus hemionus kulan) and a mountain zebra (equus zebra) were analysed and the complete primary structure of the alpha and beta chains are described. the wild ass globin was separated in two alpha chains (alpha i and alpha ii) and one beta-chain by means of chromatography on cm-cellulose in 8m urea buffer at ph 6.5. the wild ass globin shows polymorphism in the alpha-chain like the horse hemoglobin. under the same chromatographic conditions only one alph ... | 1982 | 7061044 |
| [histomorphometric study of bone microstructure of primates and domestic animal with the goal of species identification with reference to the effects of domestication]. | functional bone microstructure of long limb bones is a function of species-specific biomechanical properties such as locomotion and weight. histomorphometry and statistics were used to identify various primate species (hylobates moloch, pongo satyrus borneensis, pan tr. troglodytes, gorilla g. gorilla, homo sapiens), equid species (equus caballus, equus asinus, equus mulus, equus hemionus kulan, equus ferus przewalskii) and also extinct horses e.g. iron age, medieval and neolithic forms on the m ... | 2003 | 12872544 |
| homologous fission event(s) implicated for chromosomal polymorphisms among five species in the genus equus. | the genus equus is unusual in that five of the ten extant species have documented centric fission (robertsonian translocation) polymorphisms within their populations, namely e. hemionus onager, e. hemionus kulan, e. kiang, e. africanus somaliensis, and e. quagga burchelli. here we report evidence that the polymorphism involves the same homologous chromosome segments in each species, and that these chromosome segments have homology to human chromosome 4 (hsa4). bacterial artificial chromosome clo ... | 2003 | 14970706 |
| [study on mitochondrial dna d-loop polymorphism in chinese donkeys]. | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop sequences with 399 bp in 26 individuals from 5 donkey breeds in china were analyzed. aligned by clustal w software,the results showed that 23 polymorphic nucleotide sites and only transition with the percentage of 5.76% in 399 bp were observed. in reference to mtdna d-loop sequences of european domestic donkey as a control, the average percentage of mtdna d-loop nucleotide variation in 5 chinese donkey breeds was 1.80%. the average percentages of d-loop nucle ... | 2005 | 16018258 |
| [the use of endobiotic ciliates from old collections in transmission electron microscopic investigations]. | the opportunity of the use of formalin-fixed endobiotic ciliates from old collections in transmission electron microscopic investigations (tem) has been studied. ciliates from the following species were examined: ditoxum funinucleum gassovsky, 1919 from the hindgut of equus hemionus kulan groves et mazak, 1967 preserved in a collection during 19 years, blepharoprosthium pireum bundle, 1895 and cochliatoxum periachtum gassovsky, 1919 from the hindgut of the yakut horse equus caballus l. stored du ... | 2006 | 16755727 |
| haplotypic variability within the mitochondrial gene encoding for the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) of cylicocyclus nassatus (nematoda, strongylida): evidence for an affiliation between parasitic populations and domestic and wild equid hosts. | this study investigated the genetic variability within cylicocyclus nassatus (nematoda, strongylida, cyathostominae) collected from different domestic and wild hosts (i.e. horse, donkey, przewalskii horse, tarpan and turkmen kulan) and localities in europe and/or usa. the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were pcr-amplified and sequences characterized from seventy individual parasitic specimens. while its2 displayed 0- ... | 2008 | 18619736 |
| karyotypic relationships in asiatic asses (kulan and kiang) as defined using horse chromosome arm-specific and region-specific probes. | cross-species chromosome painting has been applied to most of the species making up the numerically small family equidae. however, comparative mapping data were still lacking in asiatic asses kulan (equus hemionus kulan) and kiang (e. kiang). the set of horse arm-specific probes generated by laser microdissection was hybridized onto kulan (e. hemionus kulan) and kiang (e. kiang) chromosomes in order to establish a genome-wide chromosomal correspondence between these asiatic asses and the horse. ... | 2009 | 19731053 |
| chromosomal and molecular evolution in asiatic wild asses. | chromosomal studies of tibetan wild ass, equus kiang holdereri are reported for the first time. a robertsonian polymorphism resulting in diploid numbers of 2n = 51 and 2n = 52 was identified. this polymorphism involves the same elements that participate in the polymorphic robertsonian rearrangement producing diploid numbers of 54-56 in e. hemionus kulan and e. hemionus onager. comparison of mitochondrial dna restriction fragment patterns among three unrelated kiang individuals and between kiangs ... | 1990 | 2090563 |
| [the characteristics of the helminth community in the turkmen kulan (equus hemionus)]. | the helminth fauna of 24 kulans from askaniya-nova and badkhyz was studied. 42 species of helminths were found, 34 of which belong to strongylids. the helminth species composition of kulan is similar to that of other species of horses. this is a result of an intensive parasite exchange in the historical past when numerous populations of different equidae species made long seasonal migrations over steppe inter-river lands of asia and grazed for some time on common pastures. | 2007 | 1408368 |
| mitochondrial dna analyses revealed low genetic diversity in the endangered indian wild ass equus hemionus khur. | the indian wild ass equus hemionus khur, belonging to ass-like equid branch, inhabits the dry and arid desert of the little rann of kutch, gujarat. the e. h. khur is the sole survivor of asiatic wild ass species/subspecies in south asia. to provide first ever insights into the genetic diversity, phylogeny, and demography of the endangered indian wild ass, we sampled 52 free-ranging individuals from the little rann of kutch by using a non-invasive methodology. the sequencing of 230 bp in cytochro ... | 2016 | 27169569 |
| phylogenetic analysis and species allocation of individual equids using microsatellite data. | the taxonomic status of all equid species is not completely unravelled. this is of practical relevance for conservation initiatives of endangered, fragmented equid populations, such as the asiatic wild asses (in particular equus hemionus onager and e. hemionus kulan). in this study, a marker panel consisting of 31 microsatellite loci was used to assess species demarcation and phylogeny, as well as allocation of individuals (n = 120) to specific populations of origin (n = 11). phylogenetic analys ... | 2005 | 16130461 |
| chromosomal polymorphism in equus hemionus. | the first cytogenetic studies of the turkmenian kulan, equus hemionus kulan, are reported, and a polymorphism in diploid chromosome number is described. chromosome fusion is apparently involved in the alterations of the karyotype of e. hemionus kulan (2n = 55, 54) when compared to the karyotype of the onager, e. hemionus onager (2n = 56). additionally, the rearrangement involved has been identified in animals unrelated through captive breeding; inheritance of the fusion chromosomes has also been ... | 2003 | 149653 |