| the effects of temperature on growth of four high arctic soil fungi in a three-phase system. | the effect of temperature on the growth of chrysosporium pannorum, cylindrocarpon sp., penicillium janthinellum, and phoma herbarum, isolated from tundra soils, was studied. the growth in two systems, glucose-mineral agar plates and sand, moistened with glucose-mineral broth, was compared. all isolates showed an exponential increase in mass (measured as protein increase) in sand and a linear rate of extension on agar. radial increase on agar was shown not to be a good index of growth in sand. tr ... | 1978 | 565246 |
| new sources of cytochalasins a and b from dematiaceous hyphomycetes. | one hundred isolates of 27 species belonging to 13 genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes were screened for production of cytochalasins a and b. most of these isolates (94) were obtained from assiut university culture collection, botany department, faculty of science, assiut university, egypt; three isolates from cbs, the netherlands; two isolates from dsm, germany; and one isolate from imi, uk. the results revealed that 10 isolates of six species representing five genera of fungi produced cytochal ... | 1994 | 7765218 |
| production and structural characterization of the exopolysaccharide of the antarctic fungus phoma herbarum ccfee 5080. | the filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ccfee 5080 isolated from continental antarctica soil was tested for exopolysaccharide (eps) production. the fungus grew and produced eps (up to 13.6 g/l) on a variety of carbon sources among which sorbitol was best, particularly at the concentration of 60 g/l. eps production was maximum when the nitrogen source was nano3 (3 g/l) and the incubation temperature was 28 degrees c. the polysaccharide was purified by repeated precipitation in ethanol and gel filtr ... | 2002 | 12455706 |
| solar uv-b radiation inhibits the growth of antarctic terrestrial fungi. | we tested the effects of solar radiation, and uv-b in particular, on the growth of antarctic terrestrial fungi. the growth responses to solar radiation of five fungi, geomyces pannorum, phoma herbarum, pythium sp., verticillium sp., and mortierella parvispora, each isolated from antarctic terrestrial habitats, were examined on an agar medium in the natural antarctic environment. a 3-h exposure to solar radiation of >287 nm reduced the hyphal extension rates of all species relative to controls ke ... | 2003 | 12620833 |
| purification, characterization and enzymatic degradation of ycp, a polysaccharide from marine filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys4108. | ycp, a mitogenic polysaccharide with its molecular weight (mw) of 2.4 x 10(3) kda, was isolated from the mycelium of the marine filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys4108 by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on deae-32 and gel permeation over sephacryl s-400. the detailed compositional, spectroscopic and methylation analyses of the polysaccharide demonstrated that its backbone possessed most likely a linear alpha-(1 --> 4) bonded glucopyranoside main chain co-bearing through side alpha- ... | 2005 | 15885873 |
| tolerance of antarctic soil fungi to hydrocarbons. | little is known about the effects of hydrocarbons and fuel oil on antarctic filamentous fungi in the terrestrial antarctic environment. growth of fungi and bacteria from soils around rothera research station (adelaide island, antarctic peninsula) was assessed in the presence of ten separate aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons [marine gas oil (mgo), dodecane, hexadecane, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, toluene, phenol, biphenyl, naphthalene and m- and p-xylenes with ethylbenzene]. aromatic h ... | 2007 | 17157897 |
| colonization of barley roots by endophytic fungi and their reduction of take-all caused by gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. | fungal root endophytes obtained from natural vegetation were tested for antifungal activity in dual culture tests against the root pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. fifteen isolates, including acremonium blochii, acremonium furcatum, aspergillus fumigatus, cylindrocarpon sp., cylindrocarpon destructans, dactylaria sp., fusarium equiseti, phoma herbarum, phoma leveillei, and a sterile mycelium, selected based on the dual culture test, were inoculated on barley roots in growth tubes u ... | 2008 | 18772922 |
| fungus-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against pathogenic fungi in combination with fluconazole. | silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) are known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects. resistance of fungal infections has emerged in recent years and is a major health problem. here, we report the extracellular biosynthesis of ag-nps using a common fungus, alternaria alternata. also in this study, these nanoparticles were evaluated for their part in increasing the antifungal activity of fluconazole against phoma glomerata, phoma herbarum, fusarium semitectum, trichoderma sp., and candida albicans ... | 2009 | 19616127 |
| phoma herbarum as a new gibberellin-producing and plant growth-promoting fungus. | endophytic fungi are known for the production of valuable metabolites, but information on the gibberellin production capacity of this group is limited. we isolated 9 endophytic fungi from the roots of salt-stressed soybean plants and screened them on waito-c rice, in order to identify plant growth promoting fungal strains. the fungal isolate tk- 2-4 gave maximum plant length (20.35 cm) promotion in comparison with wild-type gibberella fujikuroi (19.5 cm). in a separate experiment, bioassay of tk ... | 2009 | 19884787 |
| new production of haloquinones, bromochlorogentisylquinones a and b, by a halide salt from a marine isolate of the fungus phoma herbarum. | | 2010 | 20224602 |
| diversity, distribution, and antagonistic activities of rhizobacteria of panax notoginseng. | rhizobacteria play an important role in plant defense and could be promising sources of biocontrol agents. this study aimed to screen antagonistic bacteria and develop a biocontrol system for root rot complex of panax notoginseng. | 2015 | 27158229 |
| production of gentisyl alcohol from phoma herbarum endophytic in curcuma longa l. and its antagonistic activity towards leaf spot pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | endophytes from medicinal plants represent a potential source of bioactive compounds. during the present investigation, fungal endophytes were isolated from turmeric (curcuma longa), an important medicinal plant. a total of 207 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the rhizome of c. longa l. they were grouped into seven genera based on morphological and molecular data. the fungal endophytes of c. longa were evaluated for antifungal activity against colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the cau ... | 2016 | 27288000 |
| antifungal and proteolytic activities of endophytic fungi isolated from piper hispidum sw. | endophytes are being considered for use in biological control, and the enzymes they secrete might facilitate their initial colonization of internal plant tissues and direct interactions with microbial pathogens. microbial proteases are also biotechnologically important products employed in bioremediation processes, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical, photographic and food industries. in the present study, we evaluated antagonism and competitive interactions between 98 fungal endophytes and altern ... | 2015 | 26273250 |
| neuraminidase inhibitory polyketides from the marine-derived fungus phoma herbarum. | two new polyketides, arthropsadiol c ( 1) and massarilactone h ( 2), together with six known derivatives ( 3- 8) were isolated from the culture broth of the marine-derived fungus phoma herbarum. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including 2d nmr techniques. compounds 2, 4, 5, and 8 showed moderate neuraminidase inhibitory activity with ic (50) values ranging from 4.15 to 9.16 µm. | 2011 | 21969116 |
| atradidymella muscivora gen. et sp. nov. (pleosporales) and its anamorph phoma muscivora sp. nov.: a new pleomorphic pathogen of boreal bryophytes. | during a survey of bryophilous fungi from boreal and montane habitats, 12 isolates of a hitherto unknown plant pathogenic member of the pleosporales were recovered from aulacomnium palustre, hylocomium splendens, and polytrichum juniperinum, and described as atradidymella muscivora gen. et sp. nov. atradidymella is characterized by minute, unilocular, setose pseudothecia having 2-3 wall layers; brown, fusiform, 1-septate ascospores; and a phoma anamorph. the genus is distinguished from all other ... | 2009 | 21628277 |
| pathogenesis of bryophyte hosts by the ascomycete atradidymella muscivora. | atradidymella muscivora (pleosporales) is a bryophyte pathogen that infects the mosses aulacomnium palustre, hylocomium splendens, and polytrichum juniperinum. light and scanning electron microscopy and extracellular enzyme production were used to characterize the interactions between this fungus and its native hosts and the model host funaria hygrometrica. penetration was direct via hyphae or appressoria, and hosts responded by forming layered, darkly pigmented deposits at penetration sites, si ... | 2009 | 21628276 |
| pathogenicity and oxidative stress in nile tilapia caused by aphanomyces laevis and phoma herbarum isolated from farmed fish. | identified (n = 17) and unidentified (n = 1) fish-pathogenic fungal species from 10 genera of oomycetes and soil fungi were isolated from 40 infected freshwater fish samples of the species oreochromis niloticus niloticus (nile tilapia) and clarias gariepinus (african catfish). samples were collected from various fish farms in the nile delta, egypt. nile tilapia were tested in aquaria for their susceptibility to the commonest oomycetes species, aphanomyces laevis and achlya klebsiana, and also ag ... | 2011 | 21553565 |
| non-dermatophyte moulds as skin and nail foot mycosis agents: phoma herbarum, chaetomium globosum and microascus cinereus. | the increased prevalence of dermatomycoses along with the wide range of organisms now recognized as potential pathogens needs accurate laboratory isolation and identification of the aetiological agents. in this report three cases of foot dermatomycoses due to filamentous fungi commonly present in the environment with ubiquitous distribution are described in immunocompetent subjects. skin and nail samples were collected, suspended in 20% koh solution, examined under a light microscope and culture ... | 2010 | 20943144 |
| macrophage receptors of polysaccharide isolated from a marine filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys4108. | ycp, a novel (1,4)-alpha-d-glucan, was isolated from the mycelium of the marine filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys4108. in this work, we investigated a ycp-binding cellular receptor expressed by macrophages and the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in ycp-induced macrophage activation. | 2009 | 19575004 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies for detecting marine fungal polysaccharide isolated from the phoma herbarum ys4108. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for marine fungal polysaccharide ycp isolated from the phoma herbarum ys4108 were obtained after immunization of balb/c mice with the conjugate of ycp coupled to bovine serum albumin (bsa). their epitope mapping and binding specificity characterized by blocking and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) indicated that these specific mabs have similar binding patterns. an immuno-capture elisa has been developed on the basis of employing th ... | 2008 | 18991095 |
| tn5 transposase-assisted high-efficiency transformation of filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys4108. | conventionally, filamentous fungi are transformed by using conidia or protoplasts as recipients. however, induction of sporulation is difficult in some fungi, and protoplasting is an awing, frequently frustrating, and batch-dependent work. in this study, we established a simple and convenient method to prepare single cells from mycelia without enzymatic protoplasting. as a case study on the pathogenic fungus phoma herbarum ys4108, the single cells could be directly and highly efficiently transfo ... | 2008 | 18716771 |
| outbreaks of phaeohyphomycosis in the chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by phoma herbarum. | phoma herbarum has been associated with two outbreaks of systemic mycosis in hatchery-reared chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fingerlings. affected fish exhibited abnormal swimming behavior, exophthalmia, multiple rounded areas of muscle softening, protruded hemorrhagic vents, and abdominal swelling. in all affected fish, swimbladders were filled with whitish creamy viscous fungal mass, surrounded by dark red areas in swimbladder walls, kidneys, and musculature. clinical and histopathol ... | 2007 | 17216330 |
| magenta pigment produced by fungus. | a fungus producing magenta was isolated from cellulosic material by visual observation on czapek's agar media and the product was conventionally analyzed. the fungal strain that produced magenta pigment was closely related to phoma herbarum. the type of fibers added to czapek's medium influenced which pigments were produced. mycelia attached to the surface of nylon-6 and excreted magenta pigment into the fibers. the pigment structure was partially determined. this is the first report of the prod ... | 2006 | 17116968 |
| sulfation of a polysaccharide produced by a marine filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys4108 alters its antioxidant properties in vitro. | free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ros) are generated by all aerobic cells and are widely believed to play a significant role in aging as well as a number of degenerative or pathological diseases. this study compared the free radical-scavenging properties and antioxidant activity of ycp, a polysaccharide from the mycelium of a marine filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys 4108 and its two chemically sulfated derivatives ycp-s1 and ycp-s2. sulfation, which masks hydroxyl groups of ycp ... | 2005 | 16054758 |
| a new phytotoxic nonenolide from phoma herbarum. | reinvestigation of the fermentation broth and mycelium of the fungus phoma herbarum led to the isolation of a new phytotoxic nonenolide, namely, (7r,9r)-7-hydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide, which was designated with the trivial name herbarumin iii (3). the known compounds herbarumins i (1) and ii (2) were also obtained. the structure of 3 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling. compounds 1-3 interacted with bovine-brain calmodulin and inhibited the activation of the calmod ... | 2003 | 12713403 |
| long-term evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a case study follow-up and literature review. | this study reports a 3-year follow-up of a classic presentation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp), originally reported elsewhere, after removal of the causative antigens. the literature is reviewed and this case is compared with outcomes of series previously reported. the patient was reevaluated by clinical, serologic, radiographic, and pulmonary function testing 3 years after removal of her home's contaminated humidifier, cleaning of the home, and administration of a course of prednisone. re ... | 2002 | 12221897 |
| moisture and mould problems in schools and respiratory manifestations in schoolchildren: clinical and skin test findings. | we performed a clinical study in 99 children attending schools with moisture problems and compared the findings with those of 34 children from a reference school. the aim of the study was to evaluate the possible association between respiratory or allergic diseases in the pupils and moisture or mould problems in the school buildings. | 1997 | 9401510 |
| preparation, optimization and application of affinity absorbent with a polysaccharide ycp as the ligand. | ycp, an α-glucan from the mycelium of marine filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys4108, has great antitumor potential via enhancement of host immune through toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr4 signaling. in the current study, ycp was coupled to eah sepharose 4b agarose beads to prepare the ycp-sepharose affinity absorbent using 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate (cdap) as the activating agent. an orthogonal experiment l9 (3)(4) was applied to optimize the coupling procedure, givi ... | 2014 | 24607162 |
| preparation and immunomodulating activities of a library of low-molecular-weight α-glucans. | ycp, an α-d-glucan with molecular weight of 2.4 × 10(3)kda, was isolated from the mycelium of marine fungus phoma herbarum ys4108. it interacted with tlr2 and tlr4 to induce b cells proliferation and activation. here, a series of homogenous lmwycps (namely lmwycp-1 to lmwycp-6) were obtained by acid degradation. lmwycp-3 and lmwycp-4 were capable of inducing the proliferation of b cells dramatically. further research involved tlr defunctionalization and competitive binding assay demonstrated tha ... | 2014 | 25037411 |
| immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide from marine fungus phoma herbarum ys4108 on t cells and dendritic cells. | ycp, as a kind of natural polysaccharides from the mycelium of marine filamentous fungus phoma herbarum ys4108, has great antitumor potential via enhancement of host immune response, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms. in the present study, we mainly focused on the effects and mechanisms of ycp on the specific immunity mediated by dendritic cells (dcs) and t cells. t cell /dc activation-related factors including interferon- (ifn-) γ, interleukin-12 (il-12), and il-4 were examined ... | 2014 | 25525304 |
| terezine derivatives from the fungus phoma herbarum psu-h256. | investigation of the fungus phoma herbarum psu-h256 isolated from a leaf of hevea brasiliensis resulted in the isolation of eight terezine derivatives (e-l) together with four known compounds. their structures were established by analysis of spectroscopic evidence. for terezines e and h, their structures were confirmed by single-crystal x-ray diffraction crystallography. in addition, the absolute configuration at c-7 in terezine e was established by mosher's method. terezines k and l were tested ... | 2016 | 26626161 |
| phoma herbarum, a soil fungus able to grow on natural lignin and synthetic lignin (dhp) as sole carbon source and cause lignin degradation. | the fungus phoma herbarum isolated from soil showed growth on highly pure lignin extracted from spruce wood and on synthetic lignin (dhp). the lignin remaining after cultivation was shown to have a lower molecular weight. the reduction in the numbers of ether linkages of the extracted lignins was also observed by derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (dfrc) in combination with (31)p nmr studies. the fungal strain showed an ability to degrade synthetic lignin by extracellular catalysts. g ... | 2016 | 27260523 |
| fungal endophyte diversity and bioactivity in the mediterranean cypress cupressus sempervirens. | fungal endophytes were isolated from the mediterranean cypress cupressus sempervirens. eleven taxa of fungi, all within the ascomycota, were identified based on pcr amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal dna (its rdna) with taxonomic identity assigned using the ncbi nucleotide megablast search tool. the endophytic fungi included alternaria multiformis, didymella sp., phoma sp., phoma herbarum, pyrenochaeta sp. (dothideomycetes), penicillium ... | 2015 | 25527365 |
| coelomycetous fungi in the clinical setting: morphological convergence and cryptic diversity. | human infections by coelomycetous fungi are becoming more frequent and range from superficial to systemic dissemination. traumatic implantation of contaminated plant material is the most common cause. the typical morphological feature of these fungi is the production of asexual spores (conidia) within fruiting bodies called conidiomata. this study aimed to determine the distribution of the coelomycetes in clinical samples by a phenotypic and molecular study of a large set of isolates received fr ... | 2017 | 27927918 |
| diversity of leaf endophytic fungi in mangrove plants of northeast brazil. | with the aim of increasing the knowledge about endophytic fungi, a group of microorganisms with high biotechnological potential and a valuable source of useful metabolites, a survey in leaves of mangrove plants (avicennia schaueriana, laguncularia racemosa, and rhizophora mangle) was performed at the itamaracá island, pe, brazil. leaves were collected, during two seasons, dry and rainy, superficially sterilized and fragments maintained in petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (pda) at 28(o) ± 2 ... | 2012 | 24031941 |
| fungal endophytic communities on twigs of fast and slow growing scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in northern spain. | most plant species harbour a diverse community of endophytic, but their role is still unknown in most cases, including ecologically and economically important tree species. this study describes the culturable fungal endophytic community of pinus sylvestris l. twigs in northern spain and its relationship with diametric growth of the host. in all, 360 twig samples were collected from 30 scots pines in fifteen stands. isolates were obtained from all twig samples and 43 fungal taxa were identified b ... | 2015 | 26399183 |
| optimization of protease production by endophytic fungus, alternaria alternata, isolated from an australian native plant. | endophytes are recognised as potential sources of novel secondary metabolites, including enzymes and drugs, with applications in medicine, agriculture and industry. there is a growing need for new enzymes, including proteases, for use in industry that can function under a variety of conditions. in this study, three fungal endophytes (alternaria alternata, phoma herbarum and an unclassified fungus), were isolated from the australian native plant, eremophilia longifolia, and assessed for productio ... | 2014 | 24419660 |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid and (+)-epoxydon isolated from marine algae-derived microorganisms induce down regulation of epidermal growth factor activated mitogenic signaling cascade in hela cells. | epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (rtk) family. epidermal growth factor induces its dimerization and stimulates phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues. phosphorylation of egfr is studied for cancer therapy because egfr regulates many cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. hence, down-regulation of egfr kinase activity results in inhibition of signaling cascades amenable for proliferation and pr ... | 2013 | 23706036 |
| toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of b cells by a polysaccharide from marine fungus phoma herbarum ys4108. | various natural polysaccharides are capable of activating the immune system and therefore can be employed as biological response modifiers in anti-tumor therapy. we previously found a homogenous polysaccharide from the mycelium of marine fungus phoma herbarum ys4108, named ycp, exhibiting strong in vivo antitumor ability via enhancement of the host immune responses. to further elucidate the role of ycp as a biological response modifier, the immunomodulating activities of ycp in b cells was inves ... | 2013 | 23556003 |
| endophyte communities vary in the needles of norway spruce clones. | endophytic fungi show no symptoms of their presence but can influence the performance and vitality of host trees. the potential use of endophytes to indicate vitality has been previously realized, but a standard protocol has yet to be developed due to an incomplete understanding of the factors that regulate endophyte communities. using a culture-free molecular approach, we examined the extent to which host genotype influences the abundance, species richness, and community composition of endophyt ... | 2013 | 23537875 |
| pinolide, a new nonenolide produced by didymella pinodes , the causal agent of ascochyta blight on pisum sativum. | an aggressive isolate of didymella pinodes isolated from pea ( pisum sativum ) produced four different metabolites in vitro. the metabolites isolated from the culture filtrates were characterized by spectroscopic and optical methods. a new nonenolide, named pinolide, was isolated and characterized as (2s*,7r*,8s*,5e,9r*)-2,7,8-trihydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide. pinolidoxin, the main toxin produced by d. pinodes, was also isolated together with two other closely related nonenolides, identified ... | 2012 | 22568524 |
| genotypic and phenotypic correlations for reaction to five foliar pathogens in alfalfa. | genotypic and phenotypic correlations for reaction to five foliar pathogens were estimated from analyses of variance and covariance in eight, five-parent diallel crosses each in saranac, msa-c4, and msb-c4 alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). the foliar pathogens wereuromyces striatus, schroet. var.medicaginis (pass.) arth.,stemphylium botryosum wallr.,pseudopeziza medicaginis (lib.) sacc.,phoma herbarum west var.medicaginis fckl., andleptosphaerulina briosiana (poll.) graham and luttrell.genotypic cor ... | 1975 | 24419469 |