| population dynamics of sesamia inferens on transgenic rice expressing cry1ac and cpti in southern china. | genetically modified insect-resistant rice lines containing the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) or the cpti (cowpea trypsin inhibitor) gene developed for the management of lepidopterous pests are highly resistant to the major target pests, chilo suppressalis (walker), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), and scirpophaga incertulas (walker), in the main rice-growing areas of china. however, the effects of these transgenic lines on sesamia inferens (walker), an important lepidopterous r ... | 2008 | 19036217 |
| development of bt rice and bt maize in china and their efficacy in target pest control. | rice and maize are important cereal crops that serve as staple foods, feed, and industrial material in china. multiple factors constrain the production of both crops, among which insect pests are an important one. lepidopteran pests cause enormous yield losses for the crops annually. in order to control these pests, china plays an active role in development and application of genetic engineering (ge) to crops, and dozens of ge rice and ge maize lines expressing insecticidal proteins from the soi ... | 2016 | 27763554 |
| development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with cry1c*-free endosperm. | yellow stem borer (tryporyza incertulas walker), striped stem borer (chilo suppressalis walker) and leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. in this study, novel insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed in which bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. the resistant gene, cry1c*, driven by the rice rbcs promoter (small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), ... | 2009 | 19479952 |
| effect of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis rice lines on mortality and feeding behavior of rice stem borers (lepidoptera: crambidae). | ten transgenic bacillus thuringiensis bt rice, oryza sativa l., lines with different bt genes (two cry1ac lines, three cry2a lines, and five cry9c lines) derived from the same variety minghui 63 were evaluated in both the laboratory and the field. bioassays were conducted by using the first instars of two main rice lepidopteran insect species: yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas (walker) and asiatic rice borer, chilo suppressalis (walker). all transgenic lines exhibited high toxicity to th ... | 2008 | 18330134 |
| physiological time model of scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae) in rice in guandong province, people's republic of china. | scirpophaga incertulas (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) is autochthonous and monophagous on rice, oryza spp., which favors the development of a physiological time model using degree-days (degrees c) to establish a well defined window during which adults will be present in fields. model development of s. incertulas adult flight phenology used climatic data and historical field observations of s. incertulas from 1962 through 1988. analysis of variance was used to evaluate 5,203 prospective models ... | 2005 | 16156569 |
| bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin binding to brush border membrane vesicles of rice stem borers. | the receptor binding step in the molecular mode of action of five delta-endotoxins (cry1ab, cry1ac, cry1c, cry2a, and cry9c) from bacillus thuringiensis was examined to find toxins with different receptor sites in the midgut of the striped stem borer (ssb) chilo suppressalis (walker) and yellow stem borer (ysb) scirpophaga incertulas (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). homologous competition assays were used to estimate binding affinities (k(com)) of (125)i-labelled toxins to brush border membran ... | 2004 | 15027071 |
| wolbachia infection complexity among insects in the tropical rice-field community. | wolbachia are a group of intracellular bacteria that cause reproductive alterations in their arthropod hosts. widely discordant host and wolbachia phylogenies indicate that horizontal transmission of these bacteria among species sometimes occurs. a likely means of horizontal transfer is through the feeding relations of organisms within communities. feeding interactions among insects within the rice-field insect community have been well documented in the past. here, we present the results of a po ... | 2003 | 12753223 |
| pyramiding transgenes for multiple resistance in rice against bacterial blight, yellow stem borer and sheath blight. | here we describe the development of transgene-pyramided stable elite rice lines resistant to disease and insect pests by conventional crossing of two transgenic parental lines transformed independently with different genes. the xa21 gene (resistance to bacterial blight), the bt fusion gene (for insect resistance) and the chitinase gene (for tolerance of sheath blight) were combined in a single rice line by reciprocal crossing of two transgenic homozygous ir72 lines. f4 plant lines carrying all t ... | 2002 | 12582865 |
| elite indica transgenic rice plants expressing modified cry1ac endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis show enhanced resistance to yellow stem borer (scirpophaga incertulas). | bt-transgenics of elite indica rice breeding lines (ir-64, pusa basmati-1 and karnal local) were generated through biolistic or agrobacterium-mediated approaches. a synthetic cry1ac gene, codon optimised for rice and driven by the maize ubiquitin-1 promoter, was used. over 200 putative transformants of ir-64 and pusa basmati-1 and 26 of the karnal local were regenerated following use of the hpt (hygromycin phosphotransferase) selection system. initial transformation frequency was in the range of ... | 2002 | 12212843 |
| genetic variation in indian populations of scirpophaga incertulas as revealed by rapd-pcr analysis. | scirpophaga incertulas, commonly referred to as yellow stem borer, is a predominant pest of rice causing serious losses in its yield. genetic variation among populations of scirpophaga incertulas collected from 28 hotspot locations in india was examined using the randomly amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). in all, 32 primers were used and 354 amplification products were observed. no rapd-pcr bands diagnostic to the pest population from any specific region were identi ... | 2001 | 11444020 |
| field evaluation of resistance of transgenic rice containing a synthetic cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner to two stem borers. | two transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) lines, kmd1 and kmd2 at the r4 generation, transformed with a synthetic cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner, were first evaluated for stem borer resistance in the field during the rice growing season of 1998 in two areas of zhejiang province, china. both kmd1 and kmd2 were highly resistant to the stem borers chilo suppressalis (walker) and scirpophaga incertulas (walker), and were completely undamaged during the whole rice growing season. in con ... | 2001 | 11233125 |
| variation in performance on cry1ab-transformed and nontransgenic rice varieties among populations of scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae) from luzon island, philippines. | we quantified variation in performance under greenhouse conditions among seven populations of scirpophaga incertulas (walker) from luzon island, philippines, on three rice varieties: 'ir58' transformed with the cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner, and nontransgenic ir58 and ir62. on ir62, s. incertutas performance did not differ among provinces for any of the 10 parameters measured, but there was a significant effect of town within province for one parameter, 20-d-old larval weight. ... | 2000 | 11142312 |
| frequency of alleles conferring resistance to a bacillus thuringiensis toxin in a philippine population of scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | using the f2 screen methodology, we estimated the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to the cry1ab toxin of bacillus thuringiensis berliner in a philippine population of the stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (walker). evaluation of >450 isofemale lines for survival of f2 larvae on cry1ab plants did not detect the presence of an allele conferring a high level of resistance. the frequency of such an allele in the sampled population was conservatively estimated to be <3.6 x 10(-3) with 95% ... | 2000 | 11057726 |
| effect of plant age, larval age, and fertilizer treatment on resistance of a cry1ab-transformed aromatic rice to lepidopterous stem borers and foliage feeders. | the resistance of vegetative, booting, and flowering stage plants of a variety of an aromatic rice, oryza sativa l., transformed with a bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1ab gene under control of the maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter was evaluated against four lepidopterous rice pests--the stem borers chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and scirpophaga incertulas (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), and the foliage feeders cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepi ... | 2000 | 10826204 |
| introduction and expression of the cry1ac gene of bacillus thuringiensis in a cereal-associated bacterium, bacillus polymyxa. | the abilities of bacillus polymyxa and bacillus thuringiensis to survive on the rice phyllospere were compared; it was found that b. polymyxa colonizes the crop better. this study also showed that b. polymyxa inoculation to rice plants increased the shoot and the root growth of the crop. efforts were made to introduce the cry1ac gene of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki into b. polymyxa so that the application of such transgenic b. polymyxa strains would prove to be dually beneficial to rice crop ... | 1999 | 9922467 |
| transgenic indica rice breeding line ir58 expressing a synthetic cryia(b) gene from bacillus thuringiensis provides effective insect pest control. | the indica rice breeding line ir58 was transformed by particle bombardment with a truncated version of a synthetic cryia(b) gene from bacillus thuringiensis. this gene is expressed under control of the camv 35s promoter and allows efficient production of the lepidopteran specific delta-endotoxin. r0, r1 and r2 generation plants displayed a significant insecticidal effect on several lepidopterous insect pests. feeding studies showed mortality rates of up to 100% for two of the most destructive in ... | 1996 | 9636319 |
| agrobacterium-transformed rice plants expressing synthetic cryia(b) and cryia(c) genes are highly toxic to striped stem borer and yellow stem borer. | over 2,600 transgenic rice plants in nine strains were regenerated from >500 independently selected hygromycin-resistant calli after agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the plants were transformed with fully modified (plant codon optimized) versions of two synthetic cryia(b) and cryia(c) coding sequences from bacillus thuringiensis as well as the hph and gus genes, coding for hygromycin phosphotransferase and beta-glucuronidase, respectively. these sequences were placed under control of the m ... | 1998 | 9501164 |
| transgenic elite indica rice plants expressing cryiac delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis are resistant against yellow stem borer (scirpophaga incertulas). | generation of insect-resistant, transgenic crop plants by expression of the insecticidal crystal protein (icp) gene of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a standard crop improvement approach. in such cases, adequate expression of the most appropriate icp against the target insect pest of the crop species is desirable. it is also considered advantageous to generate bt-transgenics with multiple toxin systems to control rapid development of pest resistance to the icp. larvae of yellow stem borer (ysb), ... | 1997 | 9122157 |
| characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of chilo auricilius and comparison with three other rice stem borers. | the mitogenome of chilo auricilius (lepidoptera: pyraloidea: crambidae) was a circular molecule made up of 15,367 bp. sesamia inferens, chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, and c. auricilius, are closely related, well known rice stem borers that are widely distributed in the main rice-growing regions of china. the gene order and orientation of all four stem borers were similar to that of other insect mitogenomes. among the four stem borers, all at contents were below 83%, while all at conte ... | 2014 | 25042162 |
| a 90-day subchronic feeding study of genetically modified rice expressing cry1ab protein in sprague-dawley rats. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic rice line (mfb-mh86) expressing a synthetic cry1ab gene can be protected against feeding damage from lepidopteran insects, including sesamia inferens, chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas and cnaphalocrocis medinalis. rice flour from mfb-mh86 and its near-isogenic control mh86 was separately formulated into rodent diets at concentrations of 17.5, 35 and 70 % (w/w) for a 90-day feeding test with rats, and all of the diets were nutritionally balanced. in ... | 2015 | 25367203 |
| a deletion mutant ndv200 of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3br insecticidal toxin gene is a prospective candidate for the next generation of genetically modified crop plants resistant to lepidopteran insect damage. | ectopic expression of a deletion mutant ( ndv200 ) of bacillus thuringiensis vip3br gene in tobacco plant provided almost complete protection against major crop pests cotton boll worm ( helicoverpa armigera ), black cut worm ( agrotis ipsilon ) and cotton leaf worm ( spodoptera littoralis ). whereas vip3br transgenic tobacco plant failed to protect themselves from these insects and showed resistance towards cotton leaf worm only. an analogous form of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa insecticida ... | 2015 | 25912191 |
| transgenic rice expressing the cry2ax1 gene confers resistance to multiple lepidopteran pests. | a chimeric bacillus thuringiensis toxin (bt) gene, cry2ax1was cloned in a bi-selectable marker free binary vector construct. the cry2ax1 gene, driven by the chrysanthemum rbcs1 promoter, was introduced into jk1044r, the restorer line (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) of a notified commercially grown rice hybrid in india, by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. its effect against two major lepidopteran insect pests viz., yellow stem borer (ysb) scirpophaga incertulas, rice leaf folder (rlf) cnaphal ... | 2016 | 27017220 |
| marker-free transgenic rice expressing the vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) of bacillus thuringiensis shows broad insecticidal properties. | genetically engineered rice lines with broad insecticidal properties against major lepidopteran pests were generated using a synthetic, truncated form of vegetative insecticidal protein (syn vip3br) from bacillus thuringiensis. the selectable marker gene and the redundant transgene(s) were eliminated through cre/ lox mediated recombination and genetic segregation to make consumer friendly bt -rice. for sustainable resistance against lepidopteran insect pests, chloroplast targeted synthetic versi ... | 2016 | 27165311 |
| biocontrol potential of halotolerant bacterial chitinase from high yielding novel bacillus pumilus mcb-7 autochthonous to mangrove ecosystem. | the multifaceted role of chitinase in medicine, agriculture, environmental remediation and various other industries greatly demands the isolation of high yielding chitinase producing microorganisms with improved properties. the current study aimed to investigate the isolation, characterization and biocontrol prospective of chitinase producing bacterial strains autochthonous to the extreme conditions of mangrove ecosystems. among the 51 bacterial isolates screened, bacillus pumilus mcb-7 with hig ... | 2017 | 28364802 |
| development of marker-free insect-resistant indica rice by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation. | agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation is an efficient strategy to generate marker-free transgenic plants. in this study, the vectors pmf-2a(∗) containing a synthetic cry2a(∗) gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter and pcambia1301 harboring hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) were introduced into minghui86 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica), an elite indica restorer line. two independent transformants containing both the cry2a(∗) gene and hpt gene were regenerated. several homozygous marker-f ... | 2016 | 27833629 |
| generation of marker-free bt transgenic indica rice and evaluation of its yellow stem borer resistance. | we report on generation of marker-free (‘clean dna’) transgenic rice (oryza sativa), carrying minimal gene-expression-cassettes of the genes of interest, and evaluation of its resistance to yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae). the transgenic indica rice harbours a translational fusion of 2 different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes, namely cry1b-1aa, driven by the green-tissue-specific phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter. mature seed-derive ... | 2010 | 20720299 |
| overview on current status of biotechnological interventions on yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: crambidae) resistance in rice. | yellow stem borer (ysb), scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: crambidae), a monophagous pest of paddy is considered as most important pest of rain fed low land and flood prone rice eco-systems. breeding of yellow stem borer resistance in rice is difficult owing to the complex genetics of the trait, inherent difficulties in screening and poor understanding of the genetics of resistance. on the other hand, a good level of resistance against the widespread yellow stem borer has been rare in the ric ... | 2010 | 19811767 |
| development and characterization of microsatellite markers for rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) and cross-species amplification in other pyralididae. | rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), is a destructive and widespread pest on rice. in this study, 20 microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized from c. medinalis partial genomic libraries using the method of fast isolation by aflp of sequence containing repeats. of these markers, 18 markers displayed polymorphisms. polymorphisms were evaluated in 48 individuals from two natural populations. the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 15, and the expected and obser ... | 2014 | 24381106 |
| mechanism and capacities of reducing ecological cost through rice-duck cultivation. | rice-duck cultivation is the essence of chinese traditional agriculture. a scientific assessment of the mechanism and its capacity is of theoretical significance and practical value in improving modern agricultural technology. | 2013 | 23703299 |
| assessment of trichogramma japonicum and t. chilonis as potential biological control agents of yellow stem borer in rice. | two species of trichogramma wasps were assessed for their effectiveness against yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. a laboratory cage test with t. japonicum and t. chilonis showed that both species parasitized yellow stem borer egg masses at 60.0% ± 9.13% and 40.7% ± 7.11%, respectively, with egg parasitism rates of 15.8% ± 22.2% for t. japonicum and 2.8% ± 5.0% for t. chilonis. once the host eggs were parasitized, emergence rates were high for both species (95.7% ± 0.12% for t. japonicum ... | 2017 | 28208706 |
| identification of novel serine proteinase gene transcripts in the midguts of two tropical insect pests, scirpophaga incertulas (wk.) and helicoverpa armigera (hb.). | we have used rt pcr and 3'race to identify diverse serine proteinase genes expressed in the midguts of the rice yellow stem borer (scirpophaga incertulas) and asian corn borer (helicoverpa armigera). the rt-pcr primers encoded the conserved regions around the active site histidine57 and serine195 of drosophila melanogaster alpha trypsin, including aspartate189 of the specificity pocket. these primers amplified three transcripts (sip1-3) from midguts of s. incertulas, and two transcripts (hap1-2) ... | 2000 | 10646971 |
| hexamermis cathetospiculae n. sp. (mermithidae: nematoda), a parasite of the rice stemborer, tryporyza incertulas (wlk.) (pyralidae: lepidoptera) in malaysia. | hexamermis cathetospiculae n. sp. (mermithidae: nematoda), a parasite of the rice stemborer, tryporyza incertulas (wlk.), is described. this mermithid was observed to control the stemborer in malaysia. it is distinguished from other members of the genus by the shape of the vagina, the nearly straight spicules, and the form of the amphids. | 1985 | 19294107 |