| interferon-alpha genes from bos and bubalus bubalus. | interferon-a genes were cloned from six breeds of three species of two genera (three chinese native cattle breeds of yellow cattle, wild yak and huanhu domestic yak, one european breed of holstein cow, and two water buffalo breeds of fuan water buffalo and fuzhong water buffalo) by direct pcr. the pcr products were directly inserted into the expression vector to be sequenced and expressed. sequence analysis showed that ifn-a genes of six clones were composed of 498 nucleotides, encoding a mature ... | 2006 | 16621760 |
| origin of mitochondrial dna diversity of domestic yaks. | the domestication of plants and animals was extremely important anthropologically. previous studies have revealed a general tendency for populations of livestock species to include deeply divergent maternal lineages, indicating that they were domesticated in multiple, independent events from genetically discrete wild populations. however, in water buffalo, there are suggestions that a similar deep maternal bifurcation may have originated from a single population. these hypotheses have rarely bee ... | 2006 | 16995938 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium from animal sources in qinghai province of china. | the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts in 20 zoo animals of the xining zoo, 16 farm yaks and 42 farm goats in qinghai province, china was investigated by an immunofluorescence test (ift). the species and/or genotypes were determined by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis of a fragment of the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene. cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 16 zoo animals, 2 yaks, and 15 goats by ift. the ift positive samples were further investigated by pcr, and 16 o ... | 2007 | 17701218 |
| [food habits and hunting patterns of tibetan brown bear during warm seasons in kekexili region on qinghai-tibetan plateau]. | tibetan brown bear (ursus arctos pruinosus) is an endemic subspecies of brown bear on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. we once reported a preliminary study on the summer food habit of tibetan brown bear from july to august, 2005 in the kekexili (hoh xil).. however, the hunting modes of the tibetan brawn bear have not been reported. from july to august, 2009, we collected additional data on food habits and hunting patterns of tibetan brown bear in the kekexili region. we found tibetan brown bears are ... | 2010 | 21174359 |
| genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellite sequences in bovid species. | microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have become the most popular source of genetic markers, which are ubiquitously distributed in many eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. this is the first study examining and comparing ssrs in completely sequenced genomes of the bovidae. we analyzed and compared the number of ssrs, relative abundance, relative density, guanine-cytosine (gc) content and proportion of ssrs in six taxonomically different bovid species: bos taurus, bubalus bubalis, bos ... | 2015 | 26196922 |
| a snp in intron 8 of cd46 causes a novel transcript associated with mastitis in holsteins. | the membrane protein cd46, a ubiquitous cell surface pathogen receptor, can bind streptococcus to trigger cell autophagy, which is a critical step in the control of infection. | 2014 | 25070150 |
| the arteries of brain base in species of bovini tribe. | studies were conducted on 78 preparations of head and brain arteries in four species of bos genus, that is in domestic cattle (n = 59), including 22 foetuses (crl 36.5-78.5 cm), in banteng (bos javanicus, n = 3), yak (bos mutus f. grunniens, n = 2), american bison (bison bison, n = 4), and european bison (bison bonasus, n = 10). the comparative analysis permitted to demonstrate a similar pattern of brain base arteries in the studied animals. in the studied species, blood vessels of the arterial ... | 2013 | 24106047 |
| [identification of ecological corridors for tibetan antelope and assessment of their human disturbances in the alpine desert of qinghai-tibet plateau]. | the alpine desert of qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp) provides the largest habitats for those endangered ungulates (e.g., tibetan antelope, tibetan kiang and wild yak) on the earth. however, human disturbance especially infrastructure constructions (e.g., railway & highway) has increasingly fragmented the habitats of those endangered ungulates by disturbing and interrupting their ecological corridors for their seasonal migration. aiming at identifying the potential ecological corridors for tibetan an ... | 2015 | 26685615 |
| impacts of climate change on distributions and diversity of ungulates on the tibetan plateau. | climate change has significant impacts on species' distributions and diversity patterns. understanding range shifts and changes in richness gradients under climate change is crucial for conservation. the tibetan plateau, home to wild yak, chiru, and kiang, contains a biome with many endemic ungulates. it is highly sensitive to climate change and a region that merits particular attention with regard to the impacts of global climate change on its biomes. maximum entropy approaches were used to est ... | 2015 | 26255355 |
| rna-seq analysis of yak ovary: improving yak gene structure information and mining reproduction-related genes. | rna-seq, a high-throughput (ht) sequencing technique, has been used effectively in large-scale transcriptomic studies, and is particularly useful for improving gene structure information and mining of new genes. in this study, rna-seq ht technology was employed to analyze the transcriptome of yak ovary. after illumina-solexa deep sequencing, 26826516 clean reads with a total of 4828772880 bp were obtained from the ovary library. alignment analysis showed that 16992 yak genes mapped to the yak ge ... | 2014 | 24907937 |
| globalization of the cashmere market and the decline of large mammals in central asia. | as drivers of terrestrial ecosystems, humans have replaced large carnivores in most areas, and human influence not only exerts striking ecological pressures on biodiversity at local scales but also has indirect effects in distant corners of the world. we suggest that the multibillion dollar cashmere industry creates economic motivations that link western fashion preferences for cashmere to land use in central asia. this penchant for stylish clothing, in turn, encourages herders to increase lives ... | 2013 | 23866036 |
| occurrence of enterotoxic staphylococcus aureus in raw milk from yaks and cattle in mongolia. | staphylococcal food poisoning is considered one of the leading foodborne illnesses in humans worldwide and is associated with contaminated foods of animal origin, such as milk and dairy products. in this study, we investigated the occurrence of staphylococci and the enterotoxigenic properties of staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk from yaks (bos mutus) and cattle in mongolia. staphylococci were isolated from 72 (74%) of the 97 raw milk samples. of the samples containing staphylococci, 6 ... | 2007 | 17685350 |
| in vitro development of yak (bos grunniens) embryos generated by interspecies nuclear transfer. | interspecies cloning may be used as an effective method to conserve highly endangered species, but at present it suffers from relatively low levels of efficiency. in order to find a technique that could be used in conservation of the wild yak (bos grunniens), we designed in six separate experiments to investigate the following factors that might influence the efficiency of interspecies cloning: (1) maturation rates of the recipient bovine oocytes; (2) nuclear donor cell types; (3) age of the yak ... | 2007 | 17055195 |
| a chromosome-scale reference genome and genome-wide genetic variations elucidate adaptation in yak. | yak is an important livestock animal for the people indigenous to the harsh, oxygen-limited qinghai-tibetan plateau and hindu-kush ranges of the himalayas. the yak genome was sequenced in 2012 but its assembly was fragmented because of the inherent limitations of the illumina sequencing technology used to analyze it. an accurate and complete reference genome is essential for the study of genetic variations in this species. long-read sequences are more complete than their short-read counterparts ... | 2020 | 32745324 |
| whole-genome resequencing provides insights into the evolution and divergence of the native domestic yaks of the qinghai-tibet plateau. | on the qinghai-tibet plateau, known as the roof ridge of the world, the yak is a precious cattle species that has been indispensable to the human beings living in this high-altitude area. however, the origin of domestication, dispersal route, and the divergence of domestic yaks from different areas are poorly understood. | 2020 | 33109104 |
| toxocara vitulorum infection in a yak (bos mutus grunniens) calf from tyrol (austria). | the domestic yak bos mutus grunniens is an important livestock animal in parts of asia, especially of the himalayan region, where people rely on it for meat, wool, milk and labour. in its countries of origin, the yak is commonly infected with the ascarid toxocara vitulorum. this parasite mainly infects cattle (bos taurus) and domestic buffalo (bubalus bubalus) and is most commonly found in sub-tropical regions, but has been occasionally reported in more temperate climates, including several cent ... | 2020 | 32057397 |
| seroprevalence of five zoonotic pathogens in wild ruminants in xinjiang, northwest china. | wild ruminants are at risk for zoonotic pathogen infection as a result of interactions with domestic animals and humans. one way to assess the level of a wild ruminant disease in a population is to determine the seroprevalence of the pathogen of interest. the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of five zoonotic pathogens in wild ruminants in xinjiang, northwest china. in 2009 and 2011-2015, 258 wild ruminant sera samples were collected from various species. samples were o ... | 2020 | 32936059 |
| histological analysis, bioinformatics profile, and expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) in bovine testes. | methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr), an enzyme expressed in mammalian testes, exerts a direct effect on spermatogenesis; however, its protein characteristics in bovine testes remain unknown. here, we analysed bovine testicular structure, mthfr bioinformatics profile, mrna, and protein expression characteristics in yellow-cattle (y-c) and yak testis using histological procedures, bioinformatics analysis, qrt-pcr, and western blot. testes from 13 bovines, ≤2 years juvenile (y-c, n = 3; yak ... | 2020 | 32977696 |
| [comparison on feeding habits of cervus wallichii and sympatric ungulates and domestic animals in green grass period]. | tibetan red deer (cervus wallichii) is an endemic species to china, which was once considered extinct in the wild. as there are several other wild ungulates and domestic animals with similar feeding habits within its habitat range, it's thus essential to study interspecific competition and co-existence between tibetan red deer and other cohabiting ungulates in the highly unique environment of qinghai-tibet plateau. using microscopic analysis on fresh fecal samples collected in sangri tibetan red ... | 2020 | 32476360 |
| genetic diversity, molecular phylogeny and selection evidence of jinchuan yak revealed by whole-genome resequencing. | jinchuan yak, a newly discovered yak breed, not only possesses a large proportion of multi-ribs but also exhibits many good characteristics, such as high meat production, milk yield and reproductive performance. however, information about their overall genetic structure, relationship with yaks in other areas, and possible origins and evolutionary processes is limited. in this study, 7,693,689 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by resequencing the genome of jinchuan yak. ... | 2018 | 29339406 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of annexin a2 gene in sika deer antler tip. | molecular cloning and bioinformatics analysis of annexin a2 gene in sika deer antler tip were conducted. the role of annexin a2 gene in the growth and development of the antler were analyzed initially. | 2017 | 28823128 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus velezensis lm2303, a biocontrol strain isolated from the dung of wild yak inhabited qinghai-tibet plateau. | bacillus velezensis lm2303 is a biocontrol strain with a broad inhibitory spectrum against plant pathogens, isolated from the dung of wild yak inhabited qinghai-tibet plateau, china. here we present its complete genome sequence, which consists of a single, circular chromosome of 3,989,393bp with a 46.68% g+c content. genome analysis revealed genes encoding specialized functions for the biosynthesis of antifungal metabolites and antibacterial metabolites, the promotion of plant growth, the allevi ... | 2017 | 28461206 |
| [study of biological value of beef produced by interspecies hybrids of domestic cattle and wild yaks]. | the comparative study of the chemical composition and biological values of beef produced by hybrids of angus cattle with wild yaks (hybrid beef) and pure-bred angus cattle (traditional beef) has been carried out. longissimus muscle samples were used for analysis. it was observed, that the hybrid beef samples had the practically equal protein content comparing to traditional beef (21.1 vs. 21.6 per cent) but were characterized by the lower fat content (1.2 vs. 2.5 per cent). the higher biological ... | 2014 | 25929026 |
| legacies of past exploitation and climate affect mammalian sexes differently on the roof of the world - the case of wild yaks. | in polar environments, a lack of empirical knowledge about biodiversity prompts reliance on species distribution models to predict future change, yet these ignore the role of biotic interactions including the role of long past human exploitation. to explore how mammals of extreme elevation respond to glacial recession and past harvest, we combined our fieldwork with remote sensing and used analyses of ~60 expeditions from 1850-1925 to represent baseline conditions for wildlife before heavy explo ... | 2015 | 25728642 |
| differential expression of isg 15 mrna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of nulliparous and multiparous pregnant versus non-pregnant bos indicus cattle. | embryonic mortality is found to be the main source of reproductive wastage in domestic ruminants. many genes are involved in the growth and development of the embryo, and the interferon-stimulated gene 15 (isg 15) is one of the major gene stimulated by interferon tau, the maternal recognition of pregnancy signal in ruminants. in this study, both genomic and cdna sequences of isg 15 from bos indicus (deoni breed) were amplified and characterized. the genomic sequence of deoni isg 15 exhibited 99% ... | 2017 | 27766692 |
| studies on "stiffness of extremities disease" in the yak (bos mutus). | wild yak (bos mutus) are affected by a disorder known colloquially as "stiffness of extremities disease," characterized by emaciation, lameness, stiffness in the gait, enlargement of the costochondral junctions, and abnormal curvature in the long bones. results from preliminary epidemiologic and clinical observations suggested that this was a local, nutritional and metabolic disease associated with some mineral deficiency. our objective was to determine the possible relationship between this dis ... | 2012 | 22740519 |
| genome-wide variation within and between wild and domestic yak. | the yak is one of the few animals that can thrive in the harsh environment of the qinghai-tibetan plateau and adjacent alpine regions. yak provides essential resources allowing tibetans to live at high altitudes. however, genetic variation within and between wild and domestic yak remain unknown. here, we present a genome-wide study of the genetic variation within and between wild and domestic yak. using next-generation sequencing technology, we resequenced three wild and three domestic yak with ... | 2014 | 24418407 |
| [comparative analysis of issr markers polymorphism in populations of yak (bos mutus) and in f1 hybrids between yak and cattle in the sayan-altai region]. | the genetic variability in seven yak populations from the sayan-altai region and in f1 hybrids between yak and cattle (khainags) was investigated with the help of a technique that involves the use of inter simple sequence repeat (issr) markers generated with pcr primers (ag)9c and (ga)9c. samples for the analysis were collected in mongolia, tuva, and altai from 2008 through 2012. the examined yak populations differed in in the presence/absence of issr fragments, as well as in their frequency. in ... | 2014 | 25720249 |
| genome-wide patterns of copy number variation in the chinese yak genome. | copy number variation (cnv) represents an important source of genetic divergence that can produce drastic phenotypic differences and may therefore be subject to selection during domestication and environmental adaptation. to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of cnv in the yak genome, we used a read depth approach to detect cnv based on genome resequencing data from 14 wild and 65 domestic yaks and determined cnv regions related to domestication and adaptations to high-altitude. | 2016 | 27206476 |
| characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of wild yak (bos mutus). | wild yak is a special breed in china and it is regarded as an important genetic resource for sustainably developing the animal husbandry in tibetan area and enriching region's biodiversity. the complete mitochondrial genome of wild yak (16,322 bp in length) displayed 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and a + t-rich (61.01%), with an overall g + c content of only 38.99%. it contained a non-coding control region (d-loop), 13 protein-coding genes, two rrna genes, and 22 trna genes. most of the ... | 2016 | 27206536 |
| genetic diversities of mt-nd1 and mt-nd2 genes are associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. | tibetan yak (bos grunniens) inhabiting the qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp) where the average altitude is 4000 m, is specially adapted to live at these altitudes. conversely, cattle (b. taurus) has been found to suffer from high-altitude hypertension or heart failure when exposed to these high altitudes. two mitochondrial genes, mt-nd1 and mt-nd2, encode two subunits of nadh dehydrogenase play an essential role in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). we sequenced these ... | 2017 | 28366030 |
| first report of bovine leukemia virus infection in yaks (bos mutus) in china. | enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl) is a chronic lymphosarcoma disease of cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (blv). no information is available concerning the epidemiology of blv infection in yaks (bos mutus). one thousand five hundred and eighty-four serum samples from 610 black yaks and 974 white yaks from gansu province, northwest china, were collected between april 2013 and march 2014 and tested for blv antibodies using a commercially available elisa kit. the overall blv seroprevalence in yak ... | 2016 | 27340671 |
| serologic evidence for babesia bigemina infection in wild yak (bos mutus) in qinghai province, china. | piroplasmosis, caused by tick-borne protozoan parasites of the genera theileria and babesia, is one of the most economically important infections of domestic ruminants in china. we evaluated the prevalence of antibodies to babesia bigemina in wild yaks (bos mutus) from qinghai province, china. of 91 samples, 24% had detectable b. bigemina antibodies, and significant differences in prevalence were observed between those older than 5 yr and those younger than 5 yr. we collected 1,679 ticks belongi ... | 2015 | 26267460 |
| maternal phylogeny of a newly-found yak population in china. | the jinchuan yak is a new yak population identified in sichuan, china. this population has a special anatomical characteristic: an additional pair of ribs compared with other yak breeds. the genetic structure of this population is unknown. in the present study, we investigated the maternal phylogeny of this special yak population using the mitochondrial dna variation. a total of 23 jinchuan yaks were sequenced for a 823-bp fragment of d-loop control region and three individuals were sequenced fo ... | 2012 | 23109865 |
| domestication relaxed selective constraints on the yak mitochondrial genome. | wild yaks roaming in the high-altitude qinghai-tibetan plateau have to maintain high metabolic efficiency. however, domestic yaks do not require such high efficiency because of their limited activity. hence, domestication may have caused the relaxation of selective constraints on the yak mitochondrial genome because mitochondrial mutations are extremely sensitive to energy-related selective pressures. we have tested this hypothesis by analyzing the mitochondrial genomes of 51 domestic yaks and 2 ... | 2010 | 21156878 |
| the sequence and de novo assembly of the wild yak genome. | vulnerable populations of wild yak (bos mutus), the wild ancestral species of domestic yak, survive in extremely cold, harsh and oxygen-poor regions of the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp) and adjacent high-altitude regions. in this study, we sequenced and assembled its genome de novo. in total, six different insert-size libraries were sequenced, and 662 gb of clean data were generated. the assembled wild yak genome is 2.83 gb in length, with an n50 contig size of 63.2 kb and a scaffold size of 16. ... | 2020 | 32094352 |
| accumulation of deleterious mutations in the domestic yak genome. | deleterious mutations play an important functional role, affecting trait phenotypes in ways that decrease the fitness of organisms. estimating the frequency of occurrence and abundance has been a topic of much interest, especially in crops and livestock. the processes of domestication and breeding allow deleterious mutations to persist at high frequency, and identifying such deleterious mutations is particularly important for breed improvement. here, we assessed genome-wide patterns of deleterio ... | 2018 | 30062694 |
| adaptive selection at agouti gene inferred breed specific selection signature within the indigenous goat populations. | the aim of this study was to calculate selection signatures at possible loci leading to population differentiation, as well as pattern of selection of agouti gene within the local goat breeds and its correlation among other animal species to reveal molecular evolution. | 2017 | 28423875 |
| additional characterization of the adult worm mammomonogamus laryngeus (railliet, 1899) and the tissue lesions caused by the infection in buffaloes. | mammomonogamus spp. are parasites with curious characteristics, such as the "y" shape that results from male and female maintaining the permanent copulation position and the controversial presence or absence of spicules. these nematodes are hematophagous and cause damage to the upper respiratory tracts of cattle, sheep, goats, deer, wild yaks, and orangutans. human infection is rare and most cases until now have been in the caribbean islands or in brazil, and mainly in farmworkers but recently t ... | 2020 | 32544763 |
| modern botanical analogue of endangered yak (bos mutus) dung from india: plausible linkage with extant and extinct megaherbivores. | the study reports the micro- and macrobotanical remains on wild yak dung, providing evidence for understanding the diet, habitat, and ecology of extant and extinct megaherbivores. grasses are the primary diet of the yak as indicated by the abundance of grass pollen and phytoliths. other associated non-arboreal and arboreal taxa namely, cyperacaeae, rosaceae, chenopodiaceae, artemisia, prunus, and rhododendron are also important dietary plants for their living. the observation of plant macrobotan ... | 2019 | 30840629 |
| cloning and expression of lin-28 homolog b gene in the onset of puberty in duolang sheep. | recent studies have demonstrated that lin-28 homolog b (lin28b)/mirna let-7 (let-7) plays a role in the regulation of pubertal onset in mammals. however, the role of lin28b/let-7 in the onset of ovine puberty remains unknown. we cloned the duolang sheep lin28b cdna sequence, detected the expression change of lin28b, let-7a and let-7g in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary tissues at three different pubertal stages. | 2019 | 30381750 |
| the road to wild yak protection in china. | | 2018 | 29798876 |