| a two-dimensional electrophoresis procedure for single meristems of different forest species. | high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis, with isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate in thin acrylamide gels in the second dimension, has been applied to separate the proteins of single meristems (200-300 microns) from sequoiadendron giganteum, sequoia sempervirens, pseudotsuga menziesii, picea abies, pinus pinaster, eucalyptus gunnii and populus nigra. the technique may prove an efficient tool for studying inter- and intraclonal differe ... | 1989 | 2776736 |
| influence of some -sh group effectors on the incorporation of mevalonic acid by pinus pinaster seedlings. | | 1970 | 5479613 |
| rate of acetate and mevalonate incorporation by extracts of pinus pinaster seedlings. | | 1971 | 5565751 |
| [enzyme levels during germination and vegetative renewal in pinus pinea and pinus pinaster]. | | 1966 | 5943058 |
| antiinflammatory activities of procyanidin-containing extracts from pinus pinaster ait. after oral and cutaneous application. | orally in liquid diet administered procyanidin-containing extracts from pinus pinaster ait. decreased the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice or the compound 48/80-induced hind paw edema in rats to a statistically significant extent. most effective were the extracts containing mainly oligomeric procyanidins with chain lengths greater then 4 units (extracts a or b). further, the different extracts incorporated in various concentrations (1.0, 3.0 or 0.1%) in 5% hydroxyethylcellulose gel and appli ... | 1997 | 9183789 |
| separation and characterization of needle and xylem maritime pine proteins. | two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and image analysis are currently used for proteome analysis in maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.). this study presents a database of expressed proteins extracted from needles and xylem, two important tissues for growth and wood formation. electrophoresis was carried out by isoelectric focusing (ief) in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) in the second. silver staining made it possible to detect a ... | 1999 | 10344291 |
| compression wood-responsive proteins in developing xylem of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.). | when a conifer shoot is displaced from its vertical position, compression wood (cw) is formed on the under side and can eventually return the shoot to its original position. changes in cell wall structure and chemistry associated with cw are likely to result from differential gene/protein expression. two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of differentiating xylem proteins was combined with the physical characterization of wooden samples to identify and characterize cw-responsive prot ... | 2000 | 10889244 |
| differential stress responses of antioxidative systems to drought in pendunculate oak (quercus robur) and maritime pine (pinus pinaster) grown under high co(2) concentrations. | maritime pine (pinus pinaster), a drought-avoiding species, contained 2--4-fold lower activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase than pendunculate oak (quercus robur), a drought-tolerant species. the levels of ascorbate, monodehydroascorbate radical reductase activity, and glutathione in pine needles were similar to those in oak leaves. in both species the development of drought stress, characterized by decreasing pre ... | 2001 | 11181722 |
| drought differentially affects expression of a pr-10 protein, in needles of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) seedlings. | a full length cdna encoding a pr-10 protein was isolated from maritime pine drought-stressed seedlings. the predicted protein contained 150 amino acids, has a molecular mass of 16.7 kda and an isoelectric point of 5.28. the transcript level of pr-10 displayed a transient accumulation in needles of drought-stressed plants, and was not detectable in root and stem tissues. | 2001 | 11432932 |
| preliminary studies on tcf bleaching of pinus pinaster acetosolv pulps. | oxygen pre-treatment of pinus pinaster acetosolv pulps has been studied as a first step towards tcf bleaching. using a 2(3) factorial design, the influence of temperature (80-120 degrees c), time (1-2 h) and naoh concentration (1.5-3%) on pulp yield in the oxygen stage, chemical composition and physical properties of the pulps obtained was studied. pulps pre-bleached with oxygen in the conditions selected as optimal (80 degrees c, 1 h with 2.25% naoh) have been bleached with tcf sequences which ... | 2002 | 11762906 |
| isolation of two fractions with mevalonate kinase activity from pinus pinaster and agave americana. | | 1973 | 11947051 |
| removal of cadmium and mercury ions from aqueous solution by sorption on treated pinus pinaster bark: kinetics and isotherms. | formaldehyde pretreated pinus pinaster bark was used to sorb cd2+ and hg2+ from aqueous solutions. the sorption kinetics showed hyperbolic dependence of the proportion of cation adsorbed on time, and the sorption isotherms were satisfactorily fitted by freundlich equations, with k and n values showing hg2+ to be more efficiently sorbed than cd2+. except for low cation concentrations, for which sorption was practically total at all initial ph > or = 6, sorption increased in this range, in keeping ... | 2002 | 11991073 |
| effect of chip size on steam explosion pretreatment of softwood. | although considerable progress has been made in technology for converting lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol, substantial opportunities still exist to reduce production costs. in biomass pretreatment, reducing milling power is a technological improvement that will substantially lower production costs for ethanol. improving sugar yield from hemicellulose hydrolysis would also reduce ethanol production costs. thus, it would be desirable to test innovative pretreatment conditions to improve the e ... | 2000 | 10849782 |
| a rapid and simple method for processing wood to crude cellulose for analysis of stable carbon isotopes in tree rings. | for analysis of carbon isotope discrimination in wood, cellulose or holocellulose is often preferred to whole tissue because of the variability in isotopic composition of different wood components and the relative immobility of cellulose. most currently used methods for the preparation of wood components for stable isotope analysis (e.g., the jayme-wise method) produce a residue of holocellulose. the jayme-wise method was initially developed to extract holocellulose from small (~1 g) samples of ... | 1999 | 10562400 |
| pinus pinaster oil affects lipoprotein metabolism in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. | the aim of the present study was to assess the antiatherogenic properties of pinus pinaster (maritime pine) seed oil. to this end, the effects of p. pinaster oil supplementation on lipoprotein levels and atherosclerotic lesions were compared to those of lard or sunflower oil in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. plasma total cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and vldl + intermediary density lipoprotein (idl)-cholesterol (p < 0.0001) levels were lower in mice fed p. pinaster and sunflower oil than in those f ... | 1999 | 10539771 |
| changes in dehydrodiferulic acids and peroxidase activity against ferulic acid associated with cell walls during growth of pinus pinaster hypocotyl. | hydroxycinnamic acids associated with hypocotyl cell walls of dark-grown seedlings of pinus pinaster aiton were extracted with 1 n naoh and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the main hydroxycinnamic acid found was ferulic acid. diferulic acid dehydrodimers were also found, with the 8,8-coupled isomer (compound 11) being the dehydrodiferulate present in the highest amount. however, the 5,5-coupled isomer, commonly referred to referred to as diferulic acid, was not detected. two ... | 1996 | 12226339 |
| effects of pinus pinaster and pinus koraiensis seed oil supplementation on lipoprotein metabolism in the rat. | the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of vegetal oils obtained from pinus pinaster and p. koraiensis seeds on plasma lipoprotein levels and apolipoprotein (apo) gene expression in rats. these oils contain two particular fatty acids of the delta5-unsaturated polymethylene-interrupted fatty acid (delta5-upifa) family: all-cis-5,9,12-1 8:3 (pinolenic) and/or all-cis-5,11,14-20:3 (sciadonic) acids. rats were fed for 28 d a diet containing 5% (w/w) oil supplement. two control diets we ... | 1999 | 10188595 |
| characterization of a general amino acid permease from hebeloma cylindrosporum. | besides a role in phosphate supply, ectomycorrhizas play a crucial role in nitrogen nutrition of plants. the ectomycorrhizal association between hebeloma cylindrosporum and pinus pinaster serves as a model system accessible to molecular manipulation. hebeloma mycelium is able to take up and use amino acids as the sole nitrogen source. suppression cloning allowed identification of a hebeloma transporter (hcgap1) mediating histidine uptake. hcgap1 mediates secondary active uptake of a wide spectru ... | 2002 | 12297290 |
| the nuclear ribosomal dna intergenic spacer as a target sequence to study intraspecific diversity of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete hebeloma cylindrosporum directly on pinus root systems. | polymorphism of the nuclear ribosomal dna intergenic spacer (igs) of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete hebeloma cylindrosporum was studied to evaluate whether this sequence could be used in field studies to estimate the diversity of strains forming mycorrhizas on individual pinus pinaster root systems. this sequence was amplified by pcr from 125 haploid homokaryotic strains collected in 14 p. pinaster stands along the atlantic coast of france by using conserved oligonucleotide primers. restricti ... | 1999 | 10049840 |
| pycnogenol for diabetic retinopathy. a review. | diabetic retinopathy represents a serious health threat to a rapidly growing number of patients with diabetes mellitus. the retinal microangiopathy is characterised by vascular lesions with exudate deposits and haemorrhages causing vision loss. pycnogenol, a standardised extract of the bark of the french maritime pine (pinus pinaster), is known to increase capillary resistance. pycnogenol has been tested for treatment and prevention of retinopathy in five clinical trials with a total number of 1 ... | 2001 | 12498513 |
| ecophysiology of seedlings of three mediterranean pine species in contrasting light regimes. | seasonal dynamics of net photosynthesis (anet) in 2-year-old seedlings of pinus brutia ten., pinus pinea l. and pinus pinaster ait. were investigated. seedlings were grown in the field in two light regimes: sun (ambient light) and shade (25% of photosynthetically active radiation (par)). repeated measures analyses over a 12-month period showed that anet varied significantly among species and from season to season. maximum anet in sun-acclimated seedlings was low in winter (yet remained positive) ... | 2003 | 12511302 |
| development of a generalized phenomenological model describing the kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of naoh-treated pine wood. | pinus pinaster wood samples were treated during 3 h with alkaline solutions (containing 1, 5.5, or 10 weight percent naoh) at 100, 115, or 130 degrees c using liquor/wood ratios of 6, 8, or 10 g/g. the solid residues obtained in treatments were used as substrates for enzymatic hydrolysis. in the hydrolysis assays, the reaction time (in the range 0-48 h) was considered as an operational variable. the cellulose conversion achieved at the end of assays were highest for samples pretreated at high te ... | 1996 | 8984901 |
| pycnogenol inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells. | oxygen derived free radicals are now increasingly regarded as a primary force of tissue destruction and also have the ability to release histamine from mast cells. pycnogenol is an extract of the bark of french maritime pine (pinus pinaster) containing bioflavonoids with a potent ability to scavenge free radicals. therefore pycnogenol was investigated for inhibition of histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. in addition, its effects were compared with sodium cromoglycate, a known inhib ... | 2003 | 12557250 |
| variability of stem and branch maintenance respiration in a pinus pinaster tree. | the relationship between maintenance respiration (rm) of woody organs and their structural characteristics was explored in adult pinus pinaster ait. trees. we measured rm on 75 stem and branch segments of different ages (from 3 to 24 years) and diameters (from 1 to 35 cm). the temperature response of rm was derived from field measurements based on a classical exponential function with q10 = 2.13. relationships between rm and the dimensions of the woody organs were analyzed under controlled condi ... | 2003 | 12566258 |
| effect of flavonoids on the outcome of myocardial mitochondrial ischemia/reperfusion injury. | there is evidence that flavonoid intake correlates inversely with coronary heart disease risk. flavonoids are widely distributed in food and drinks and act as antioxidants and iron chelators. the aim of this study was to determine whether pycnogenol (a flavonoid extracted from the bark of pinus pinaster) and catechin could minimise the myocardial mitochondrial damage due to ischemia/reperfusion. using the rat heart model of ischemia/reperfusion we found that pycnogenol had no significant effect ... | 1996 | 8824932 |
| seed gene flow and fine-scale structure in a mediterranean pine ( pinus pinaster ait.) using nuclear microsatellite markers. | the mediterranean populations of maritime pine ( pinus pinaster ait.) are typically small and have a scattered distribution, being threatened by human activities and forest fires. in the framework of the genetic-resources conservation program of this species, a native multi-age stand located in a mediterranean area (central spain) was studied using three highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (ssrs). spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using moran's index in order to detect fine-s ... | 2002 | 12582583 |
| expression of ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase in dark-grown pine seedlings. | pine seedlings are able to accumulate chlorophylls and develop green plastids in a light-independent manner. in this work, we have characterized ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (ec 1.4.7.1; fd-gogat), a key enzyme in nitrogen interconversion during this process. fd-gogat has been purified about 170-fold from cotyledons of maritime pine (pinus pinaster). as occurs in angiosperms, the native enzyme is a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 163-168 kda that is confined to t ... | 1995 | 7865781 |
| electrophoretic analysis of seed storage proteins from gymnosperms. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), pore gradient gel electrophoresis (pgge) followed by sds-page and western blot analysis were used to characterize the seed storage proteins from seven gymnosperm species from the families pinaceae (abies alba, cedrus atlantica and picea abies), cupressaceae (biota orientalis, chamaecyparis lawsoniana and cupressus arizonica), and taxaceae (taxus baccata). sds-page and pgge x sds-page indicate the presence of proteins with char ... | 1994 | 7859708 |
| purification and properties of peroxidase from pinus pinaster needles. | peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7) was purified from needles of pinus pinaster to apparent homogeneity by de-52 cellulose chromatography with a final recovery of enzyme activity of about 85%. the purified enzyme (a402/a275 = 1.05) had a specific activity of about 948 u/mg of protein and ran as a single protein band both on sds-page and native page with mr of 37,000 and 151,000, respectively. both native page and isoelectric focusing gels of the purified enzyme were stained for activity which coincided wit ... | 1988 | 3148324 |
| genetic transformation of the symbiotic basidiomycete fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum. | the pan7.1 plasmid containing the e. coli hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene was used to transform protoplasts of the ectomycorrhizal fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum. hygromycin-resistant transformants were selected at a frequency of one to five per micrograms of transforming dna. southern blot analyses revealed multiple copy integration of the transforming plasmid into the genome. the selection system was used to introduce other genes of interest by co-transformation. two plasmids, one contain ... | 1992 | 1319284 |
| a comparative study on cu, cr and as removal from cca-treated wood waste by dialytic and electrodialytic processes. | in this study, electrodialytic and dialytic techniques were used for cu, cr and as removal from 20-years out-of-service cca-treated pinus pinaster ait. pole. the effect of applying direct current, as "cleaning agent", of up to 120 ma was investigated. focus was given to a parallel comparison with the performance of a pure dialytic experiment (without an external power supply) in order to reveal transport of charged particles induced solely by internal electrochemical potential differences in the ... | 2002 | 12169418 |
| biochemical responses of pinus pinaster trees to fire-induced trunk girdling and crown scorch: secondary metabolites and pigments as needle chemical indicators. | the biochemical responses to varying levels of localized heat damage to stems and crowns were studied in pinus pinaster trees in galicia, spain. the objective was to ascertain the utility of secondary metabolites (total polyphenols. condensed tannins, astringency, free and esterified phenolic acids) and pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) as chemical indicators of localized fire damage. the study involved three levels of girdling by trunk heating (0%, 60%, and 75%), three levels of crown sco ... | 2002 | 12035919 |
| comparison of genetic diversity estimates within and among populations of maritime pine using chloroplast simple-sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism data. | we compared the genetic variation of pinus pinaster populations using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and chloroplast simple-sequence repeat (cpssr) loci. populations' levels of diversity within groups were found to be similar with aflps, but not with cpssrs. the high interlocus variance associated with the aflp loci could account for the lack of differences in the former. although aflps revealed much lower genetic diversity than cpssrs, the levels of among-population differentiati ... | 2002 | 11975703 |
| identification of plant odours activating receptor neurones in the weevil pissodes notatus f. (coleoptera, curculionidae). | plants release complex mixtures of volatiles important in the interaction with insects and other organisms. in the search for compounds that contribute to the perception of odour quality in the weevil pissodes notatus, single olfactory receptor neurones on the antennae were screened for sensitivity to naturally produced plant volatiles by the use of gas chromatography linked to single cell recordings. we here present 60 olfactory neurones responding to 25 of the numerous compounds released by ho ... | 2003 | 12664096 |
| seasonal variation in transcript accumulation in wood-forming tissues of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) with emphasis on a cell wall glycine-rich protein. | wood formation is being increasingly studied at cellular and biochemical levels; however, gene expression and regulation during wood formation remain poorly understood. up to six types of wood can be studied within the same tree (early wood, late wood, juvenile wood, mature wood, reaction wood and opposite wood). these six types are characterized by different chemical, physical and anatomical properties. using the cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) technique, we screened several ... | 2003 | 12768425 |
| pycnogenol prevents haemolytic injury in g6pd deficient human erythrocytes. | glucose6 phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency is the most common x-linked disorder of human erythrocytes where cells have inadequate capacity to destroy peroxides and high susceptibility towards haemolytic changes. pycnogenol is a proprietary dry extract of the french maritime pine (pinus pinaster) bark with high ability to scavenge free radicals. in the present study we have investigated if pycnogenol can protect g6pd deficient erythrocytes against haemolytic cell damage. venous blood samp ... | 2003 | 12820238 |
| [activation of resin production of maritime pine pinus pinaster sol by priming with sulfuric acid]. | | 1952 | 13020271 |
| [histological study of rhizogenesis in the propagation of pinus pinaster sol. by cuttings]. | | 1957 | 13523916 |
| [the nitrogen metabolism of gymnosperms; variations in the arginase activity and in the content of certain amino acids during germination of the seeds of pinus pinaster sol]. | | 1959 | 13629909 |
| complex population genetic structure in the endemic canary island pine revealed using chloroplast microsatellite markers. | the canary archipelago, located on the northwestern atlantic coast of africa, is comprised of seven islands aligned from east to west, plus seven minor islets. all the islands were formed by volcanic eruptions and their geological history is well documented providing a historical framework to study colonization events. the canary island pine ( pinus canariensis c. sm.), nowadays restricted to the westernmost canary islands (gran canaria, tenerife, la gomera, la palma and el hierro), is considere ... | 2003 | 14523525 |
| seasonal variation of organogenetic activity and reserves allocation in the shoot apex of pinus pinaster ait. | to understand better the basic growth characteristics of pines and the fundamental properties of the shoot apical meristem (sam), variations within the shoot apex of buds were studied. | 2004 | 14678942 |
| molecular analysis of the 5'-upstream region of a gibberellin-inducible cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene (gs1b) expressed in pine vascular tissue. | the promoter region of the cytosolic glutamine synthetase gs1b gene was isolated from the conifer pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine). the 1,171-bp stretch of sequence lying immediately upstream of the transcriptional start site was sufficient to drive the expression of a reporter gene in a manner consistent with the expression pattern of the native gs1b gene. computer analysis of putative cis elements in this promoter region revealed the presence of an at box, an ac motif similar to those found in ... | 2004 | 14735362 |
| encoding of host and non-host plant odours by receptor neurones in the eucalyptus woodborer, phoracantha semipunctata (coleoptera: cerambycidae). | in the eucalyptus woodborer, phoracantha semipunctata, responses from single receptor neurones to host ( eucalyptus globulus) and non-host ( pinus pinaster, olea europeae) plant odours were examined, using gas chromatography linked with electrophysiological recordings. thirty-two compounds elicited responses that appeared as increased firing rates correlating with the elution of the active components. a subset of neurones classified as type a ( n=17) responded to one compound, a second subset b ... | 2002 | 11919693 |
| characterization of a pinus pinaster cdna encoding an auxin up-regulated putative peroxidase in roots. | as part of a study to identify host plant genes regulated by fungal auxin during ectomycorrhiza formation, we differentially screened a cdna library constructed from roots of auxin-treated pinus pinaster (ait.) sol. seedlings. we identified three cdnas up-regulated by auxin. sequence analysis of one of these cdnas, ppprx75, revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 216 amino acids with the characteristic consensus sequences of plant peroxidases. the deduced amino acid sequence showed hom ... | 2002 | 11874719 |
| regiospecific analysis of conifer seed triacylglycerols by gas-liquid chromatography with particular emphasis on delta5-olefinic acids. | dibutyroyl derivatives of monoacylglycerols (dbmag) from conifer seed oil triacylglycerols (tag) were prepared by partial deacylation of tag with ethylmagnesium bromide followed by diesterification with n-butyryl chloride. the resulting mixtures were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (glc) with a 65% phenylmethyl silicon open tubular fused-silica capillary column operated under optimal conditions and separated according to both their fatty acid structures and their regiospecific distribution ... | 2001 | 11795858 |
| phosphorus affects growth and partitioning of nitrogen to rubisco in pinus pinaster. | we tested the hypothesis that photosynthetic and growth responses to phosphorus (p) are functions of differences in the partitioning of nitrogen (n) among different compounds, particularly ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). we tested this hypothesis in: (a) a greenhouse experiment with mycorrhizal seedlings of pinus pinaster ait. grown in sand culture for 4 months with six factorial combinations of n (0.125 and 2.0 mm) and p (0.02, 0.08 and 0.34 mm); and (b) a field study ... | 2002 | 11772551 |
| genetic diversity within and among pinus pinaster populations: comparison between aflp and microsatellite markers. | twenty-three populations of pinus pinaster (13 aquitaine populations and 10 corsican populations) were analysed at three microsatellite loci and 122 aflp loci. the aims of the study were: (i) to compare levels of within-population and among-population diversity assessed with both kinds of markers; (ii) to compare aquitaine and corsican provenances of p. pinaster; and (iii) to know if both markers gave the same information for conservation purposes. classical population genetics statistics were e ... | 2001 | 11520347 |
| growth, nutrition and response to water stress of pinus pinaster inoculated with ten dikaryotic strains of pisolithus sp. | reconstituted dikaryons of pisolithus sp. (pers.) coker & couch from south africa influenced growth parameters (shoot length, shoot/root ratio and leaf area), nutrition and physiological indicators (transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and xylem water potential) of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) seedlings during drought and recovery from drought. seedlings colonized with certain dikaryons were more sensitive to water stress and showed less mycorrhiza formation under water stress than se ... | 1992 | 14969866 |
| seasonal and interannual variations in carbon isotope discrimination in a maritime pine (pinus pinaster) stand assessed from the isotopic composition of cellulose in annual rings. | stable carbon isotope composition (delta; per thousand) was measured on cellulose extracted from maritime pine (pinus pinaster aït.) tree rings to investigate inter-tree and interannual variability (7 trees, 20 rings per tree, each ring divided into early and late wood). a model of stand primary production coupled to water balance was used to calculate the stand annual water-use efficiency (wue). inter-tree variability in discrimination (maximum 2.88 per thousand in late wood in 1989, 2.69 per t ... | 2001 | 11498333 |
| effects of delta5 polyunsaturated fatty acids of maritime pine (pinus pinaster) seed oil on the fatty acid profile of the developing brain of rats. | conifer (pine) seeds are a potential source of dietary oils, but their safety and nutritional properties are not well established. conifer seed oils differ from common edible vegetable oils in having a series of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) with a polymethylene-interrupted (pmi) double bond system and a double bond at the delta5 position. a rat study was conducted to assess whether delta5 pmi-pufa of conifer seeds could alter the levels of n-6 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fat ... | 2001 | 11485159 |
| pinus pollen aerobiology and clinical sensitization in northwest spain. | pinus pollen allergy has been generally considered to be rare and clinically insignificant. in our geographical area, pinus pollen constitutes one of the most predominant pollen together with poaceae and urticaceae pollen. pinus pinaster and pinus radiata are the main species. | 2001 | 11476460 |
| correspondence between genet diversity and spatial distribution of above- and below-ground populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum. | population studies of ectomycorrhizal fungal species have largely relied upon fruit body (the reproductive organ) sampling. analysis of the fruit bodies alone supposes that they reflect the present and spatial organization of all below-ground genets (mycorrhizas and extramatrical mycelia). the relation between fruit bodies and ectomycorrhizas was investigated for the basidiomycete agaric hebeloma cylindrosporum in four pinus pinaster stands in south-west france. genet identification was based on ... | 2001 | 11380871 |
| fungal auxin overproduction affects the anatomy of hebeloma cylindrosporum-pinus pinaster ectomycorrhizas. | we studied the effect of fungal auxin overproduction on the growth polarity of cortical cells in pine mycorrhizas by comparing the anatomy of pinus pinaster (ait.) sol. mycorrhizas formed by an iaa-overproducing mutant of hebeloma cylindrosporum romagnesi or by the corresponding wild type with non-mycorrhizal short roots. both wild- type and mutant strains induced an increase in root diameter that was mostly a result of the influence of the fungus on root cortical development. both strains affec ... | 2001 | 11359711 |
| sustained division of protoplast-derived cells from primary leaves of pinus pinaster, factors affecting growth and change in nuclear dna content. | leaf protoplasts were isolated from apical and in vitro-induced axillary buds of pinus pinaster ait. seedlings. first divisions were seen after 8-10 days of culture in a 650 mosm kg h(2)o(-1) medium in which glutamine was the sole nitrogen source. colony formation was achieved in 6-7 weeks in a modified protoplast culture medium in which a reduction in the concentrations of both calcium and carbon was essential for sustained divisions. to maintain cell suspension growth, it was necessary to subc ... | 1986 | 14975903 |
| effects of dietary maritime pine (pinus pinaster)-seed oil on high-density lipoprotein levels and in vitro cholesterol efflux in mice expressing human apolipoprotein a-i. | maritime pine (pinus pinaster)-seed oil contains two delta5 unsaturated polymethylene interrupted fatty acids (all cis-5,9, 12-18:3 and all cis-5,11,14-20:3 acids) one of which resembles eicosapentaenoic acid. the goal of the present study was to test whether maritime pine-seed oil consumption affects hdl and apolipoprotein (apo) a-i levels as well as the ability of serum to promote efflux of cholesterol from cultured cells. to this end, wild type (wt) non-transgenic mice and transgenic mice exp ... | 2000 | 10967614 |
| the effect of pycnogenol on fluoride induced rat kidney lysosomal damage in vitro. | pycnogenol (pyc) is a procyanidin-rich extract of the bark of french maritime pine (pinus pinaster) with a potent ability to scavenge free radicals. lysosome-rich fractions from rat renal cortices were incubated with varying amounts of pyc and challenged with noxious doses of fl uoride. controls were also included. the release of n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nag) isozymes in the supernatant was estimated by spectrophotometric methods. the protein content of the renal cortex was also determin ... | 2004 | 15103674 |
| population genetic structure in a mediterranean pine (pinus pinaster ait.): a comparison of allozyme markers and quantitative traits. | f-statistics were employed to analyse quantitative and allozyme variation among 19 native populations of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.). fourteen polymorphic allozyme loci were used to provide an empirical basis for constructing a null hypothesis to test natural selection as a determinant of quantitative evolution in stem form, total height growth and survival at 30 years old. hidden biases, that may result in a difference between quantitative (q(st)) and allozyme (f(st)) differentiation wh ... | 2002 | 12209390 |
| automated snp detection in expressed sequence tags: statistical considerations and application to maritime pine sequences. | we developed an automated pipeline for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in expressed sequence tag (est) data sets, by combining three dna sequence analysis programs: phred, phrap and polybayes. this application requires access to the individual electrophoregram traces. first, a reference set of 65 snps was obtained from the sequencing of 30 gametes in 13 maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) gene fragments (6671 bp), resulting in a frequency of 1 snp every 102.6 bp. second, ... | 2004 | 15284499 |
| responses of antioxidative systems to drought stress in pendunculate oak and maritime pine as modulated by elevated co2. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an enhanced co2 concentration alone or in combination with drought stress on antioxidative systems of a deciduous (oak; quercus robur) and an evergreen (pine; pinus pinaster) tree species. the seedlings were grown for one season in a greenhouse in tunnels supplied with 350 or 700 [mu]l l-1 co2. the experiment was repeated in a second year. antioxidants, protective enzymes, soluble protein, and pigments showed considerable fluctuation ... | 1996 | 12226191 |
| radial profiles of sap flow with increasing tree size in maritime pine. | we investigated the radial variation of sap flow within sapwood below the live crown in relation to tree size in 10-, 32-, 54- and 91-year-old maritime pine stands (pinus pinaster ait.). radial variations were determined with two thermal dissipation sensors; one measured sap flux in the outer 20 mm of the xylem (jref), whereas the other was moved radially across the sapwood in 20-mm increments to measure sap flux at multiple depths (jref). for all tree sizes, sap flow ratios (ri = jijref (-1)) d ... | 2004 | 15339738 |
| nonmycorrhizal (myc-) mutants of hebeloma cylindrosporum obtained through insertional mutagenesis. | polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation of protoplasts was used as a method for insertional mutagenesis to obtain mutants of the ectomycorrhizal fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum impaired in symbiotic ability. following restriction enzyme-mediated integration or conventional plasmid insertion, a library of 1,725 hygromycin-resistant monokaryotic transformants was generated and screened for the symbiotic defect, using pinus pinaster seedlings as host plants. a total of 51 transformants displayin ... | 2004 | 15384493 |
| treatment of melasma with pycnogenol. | melasma (or chloasma) is a common disorder of cutaneous hyperpigmentation predominantly affecting sun-exposed areas in women. the pathogenesis of melasma is not fully understood and treatments are frequently disappointing and often associated with side effects. pycnogenol is a standardized extract of the bark of the french maritime pine (pinus pinaster), a well-known, potent antioxidant. studies in vitro show that pycnogenol is several times more powerful than vitamin e and vitamin c. in additio ... | 2002 | 12237816 |
| postfire regeneration in pinus pinea l. and pinus pinaster aiton in andalucia (spain). | the objective of this study was to examine postfire regeneration of tree, shrub, and dwarf shrub species, in relation to levels of damage in four planted pine forests (pinus pinea, pinus pinaster) in andalusia. a prefire vegetation map was used for detailing species composition, vertical structure, and density and another for detailing the extent and intensity of fire damage. between 3 and 7 years after the fires, an inventory was made of the vegetation in each area, using the step-point method. ... | 2003 | 12447578 |
| dynamics of symbiotic establishment between an iaa-overproducing mutant of the ectomycorrhizal fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum and pinus pinaster. | to clarify the early steps of symbiotic establishment, we studied the dynamics of pinus pinaster (ait.) sol. tap root colonization and mycorrhiza formation by an iaa-overproducing mutant of the ectomycorrhizal fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum romagnesi and by the corresponding wild type strain. differences between wild type and mutant strains were quantitative rather than qualitative and were detected two days after inoculation. both fungal strains established a typical hartig net when they coloni ... | 2000 | 12651480 |
| water availability and branch length determine delta(13)c in foliage of pinus pinaster. | the stable carbon isotope composition (delta(13)c) of foliage integrates signals resulting from environmental and hydraulic constraints on water movement and photosynthesis. we used branch length as a simple predictor of hydraulic constraints to water fluxes and determined the response of delta(13)c to varying water availability. foliage up to 6 years old was taken from pinus pinaster ait. trees growing at four sites differing in precipitation (p; 414-984 mm year(-1)) and potential evaporation ( ... | 2000 | 12651513 |
| inferring process from pattern in plant invasions: a semimechanistic model incorporating propagule pressure and environmental factors. | propagule pressure is intuitively a key factor in biological invasions: increased availability of propagules increases the chances of establishment, persistence, naturalization, and invasion. the role of propagule pressure relative to disturbance and various environmental factors is, however, difficult to quantify. we explored the relative importance of factors driving invasions using detailed data on the distribution and percentage cover of alien tree species on south africa's agulhas plain (2, ... | 2003 | 14737709 |
| growth and water relations of three geographically separate origins of maritime pine (pinus pinaster) under saline conditions. | water relations and growth of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) were investigated in 2-year-old seedlings of french ('landes'), iberian ('iberian') and moroccan ('tamjoute') origin raised for 67 days in a flowing solution culture system containing 0, 50, 150 or 250 mm nacl. height growth, and stem, needle and root dry matter were reduced by salinity with minor differences among geographic origins. predawn needle water potential was decreased by salinity and corresponded approximately to the os ... | 1995 | 14965914 |
| influence of copper on root growth and morphology of pinus pinea l. and pinus pinaster ait. seedlings. | we assessed the effects of cu on root growth and morphology of stone pine (pinus pinea l.) and maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) seedlings grown in culture solutions supplied with 0.012 (control), 0.1, 1 or 5 micro m cuso(4). the presence of 5 micro m cu in the nutrient solution completely inhibited root growth of both species within 3 days. in both species, taproot elongation was reduced in the presence of 1 micro m cu, although partial growth recovery occurred after 7 days of treatment. the ... | 1995 | 14965951 |
| interactive effects of elevated co(2) and soil drought on growth and transpiration efficiency and its determinants in two european forest tree species. | the responses of growth and transpiration efficiency (w = biomass accumulation/water consumption) to ambient and elevated atmospheric co(2) concentrations (350 and 700 micro mol mol(-1), respectively) were investigated under optimal nutrient supply in well-watered and in drought conditions in two temperate-forest tree species: quercus petraea liebl. and pinus pinaster ait. under well-watered conditions, doubling the co(2) concentration for one growing season increased biomass growth by 138% in q ... | 1994 | 14967642 |
| 2s arginine-rich proteins from pinus pinaster seeds. | low molecular weight globulins, which are abundant proteins in the pinus pinaster ait. megagametophyte, were purified and characterized. they showed a dimeric structure formed of one large and one small subunit linked by disulfide bridges. they were characterized by a high arg and glx content and by a relatively high cys content. a comparison of their characteristics with those of angiosperm 2s proteins suggests that there is homology between them. | 1994 | 14967715 |
| maturation of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) seedlings after exposure to a period of continuous light. | nine half-sib families of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) of known adult performance were grown in continuous light at either 25 degrees c or 25/20 degrees c for 18 weeks. they were then exposed to a dormancy induction period followed by a dormancy release period and then grown for a further 9 weeks in a 16-h photoperiod at a day/night temperature of 25/20 degrees c. seedlings exhibited great diversity in morphology at the end of the first growth period. the number of morphogenetic cycles va ... | 1993 | 14969907 |
| hydraulic conductance and soil water potential at the soil-root interface of pinus pinaster seedlings inoculated with different dikaryons of pisolithus sp. | seedlings of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) were inoculated with different dikaryons of pisolithus sp. from south africa to determine the influence of extension of the extramatrical phase and diameter of the mycelial strands on water relations parameters including xylem water potential (psi(x)), soil water potential at the soil-root interface (psi(s)) and hydraulic conductance (l(p)) during and after a period of water stress. seedlings inoculated with dikaryons having an extensive extramatr ... | 1992 | 14969981 |
| supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plasma antioxidant capacity and alters the plasma lipoprotein profile. | pycnogenol (pyc), an extract of french maritime pine bark (pinus pinaster), is a potent antioxidant with potential health benefits. its bioavailabilty has previously been shown by urinary excretion studies of constituents and metabolites of pyc. the aim of this study was to test the effect of pyc supplementation on measures of oxidative stress and the lipid profile in humans. twenty-five healthy subjects received pyc (150 mg/d) for 6 wk. fasting blood was collected at baseline, after 3 and 6 wk ... | 2002 | 12530550 |
| the proteome of maritime pine wood forming tissue. | wood is one of our most important natural resources. surprisingly, we know hardly anything about the details of the process of wood formation. the aim of this work was to describe the main proteins expressed in wood forming tissue of a conifer species (pinus pinaster ait.). using high resolution 2-de with linear ph gradient ranging from 4 to 7, a total of 1039 spots were detected. out of the 240 spots analyzed by ms/ms, 67.9% were identified, 16.7% presented no homology in the databases, and 15. ... | 2005 | 16127725 |
| antimicrobial activity of pycnogenol. | pycnogenol, a standardized extract of pinus pinaster bark, was tested for its antimicrobial activity against 23 different pathogenic prokaryotic (gram-positive and gram-negative) and eukaryotic (yeast and fungi) microorganisms. pycnogenol inhibited the growth of all the tested microorganisms in minimum concentrations ranging from 20 to 250 microg/ml. thus, pycnogenol in concentrations as low as 0.025% could counteract the growth of all the strains investigated in our study. these results conform ... | 2005 | 16161029 |
| identification and characterization of water-stress-responsive genes in hydroponically grown maritime pine (pinus pinaster) seedlings. | growth, development and productivity of long-lived organisms such as forest trees are continuously challenged by abiotic stresses, and may also be greatly affected by predicted climatic change. as a first step toward creating stress-resistant maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) varieties by marker-assisted breeding, we describe the identification and characterization of water-stress-responsive genes in hydroponically grown seedlings that were well watered (-0.08 mpa) or subjected to water depriv ... | 2003 | 12566267 |
| identification of water-deficit responsive genes in maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) roots. | root adaptation to soil environmental factors is very important to maritime pine, the main conifer species used for reforestation in france. the range of climates in the sites where this species is established varies from flooded in winter to drought-prone in summer. no studies have yet focused on the morphological, physiological or molecular variability of the root system to adapt its growth to such an environment. we developed a strategy to isolate drought-responsive genes in the root tissue i ... | 2003 | 12602883 |
| changes in alpha-xylosidase during intact and auxin-induced growth of pine hypocotyls. | a complete cdna from pinus pinaster aiton, potentially coding for an alpha-xylosidase able to remove the xylose residue from xyloglucan oligosaccharides, has been cloned. its sequence was homologous to previously published alpha-xylosidase genes from arabidopsis and nasturtium. the protein also showed the two signature regions of family 31 of glycosyl hydrolases. the gene expression level was quantified by competitive rt-pcr, under different growth conditions, throughout seedling development, in ... | 2003 | 12610215 |
| osmotic adjustment in three-year-old seedlings of five provenances of maritime pine (pinus pinaster) in response to drought. | three-year-old seedlings of five provenances of pinus pinaster ait. that differed in climatic conditions at their geographical origin were subjected to decreasing soil water availability. the degree of needle osmotic adjustment (oa) was estimated based on logarithmic plots of needle relative water content (rwc) against needle osmotic potential (psi(pi)); i.e., lnrwc versus -ln(-psi(pi)). there were significant differences among provenances in active oa (0.13 to 0.30 mpa for a decrease in rwc to ... | 2003 | 12642241 |
| photosynthetic responses to phosphorus nutrition in two-year-old maritime pine seedlings. | we analyzed processes limiting photosynthesis in two-year-old, container-grown pinus pinaster ait. seedlings subjected to phosphorus (p) deficiency. after withholding p for 3 months, seedlings were supplied p at four relative addition rates (0, 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 day(-1)) in a nutrient recycling system. at weeks 12 and 22, responses of photosynthesis to co(2) and irradiance were measured and the following parameters derived: maximal velocity of carboxylation by rubisco, v(m); apparent quantum ... | 1999 | 12651309 |
| variability of the photosynthetic characteristics of mature needles within the crown of a 25-year-old pinus pinaster. | photosynthetic characteristics of 1- and 2-year-old needles were determined in excised shoots of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) with an open gas exchange system. we used the nonlinear least mean squares method to derive values for quantum yield of electron transport (alpha), maximum carboxylation velocity (v(cmax)), and maximum electron transport rate (j(max)), from photosynthetic response curves to light and co(2). crown height had no significant effect on any of the parameters; however, v ... | 1998 | 12651376 |
| the non-host pathogen botrytis cinerea enhances glucose transport in pinus pinaster suspension-cultured cells. | botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of grey mould disease and a non-host necrotrophic pathogen of maritime pine (pinus pinaster). recent evidence suggests that pathogen challenge can alter carbon uptake in plant cells; however, little is known on how elicitor-derived signalling pathways control sugar transport activity. p. pinaster suspended cells are able to absorb d-[14c]glucose with high affinity, have an h+-dependent transport system (km, 0.07 mm; vmax, 1.5 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) dw), are spec ... | 2006 | 16407393 |
| pinus nigra and pinus pinaster needles as passive samplers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were analysed in pine needles of different ages (from 6 to 30 months) collected from two species, pinus nigra and pinus pinaster, in seven sites located along a transect from a suburban to a rural area of genoa (italy). in all sites and for both species, concentrations of more volatile pahs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene) were higher than those for other less volatile pahs, which are preferentially sorbed to airborne particulates (ben ... | 2005 | 15519460 |
| recovery of cryopreserved embryogenic cultures of maritime pine--effect of cryoprotectant and suspension density. | embryogenic cultures were obtained from seeds of open-pollinated maritime pine trees representing part of a breeding population. the aim of the present study was to develop and optimize a protocol for cryopreservation of pinus pinaster somatic embryogenic tissue. the density of the embryogenic suspension and the type of pre-treatment significantly affected the recovery of cryopreserved embryogenic cultures, as evaluated by their survival and regrowth rate. an initial density of the suspension cu ... | 2004 | 15618988 |
| mechanical properties and decay resistance of wood-polymer composites prepared from fast growing species in turkey. | some mechanical properties of wood-polymer composites from maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) and poplar (populus x. euramericana cv. i-214) wood were investigated. three different monomers; styrene (st), methyl methacrylate (mma) and styrene/methyl methacrylate (st/mma) mixture were used in preparation of wood-polymer composites (wpcs). full-loading (fl), half-loading (hl) and quarter-loading (ql) were used as polymer content levels. untreated pine and pine-polymer composite samples were teste ... | 2004 | 15668197 |
| enzymes of glyoxylate in conifers. | the high level of lipids in seeds of some species of conifers suggested that the glyoxylate cycle might have a role in conifer seed metabolism.six species (pinus pinea, pinus pinaster, pinus canariensis, pinus strobus, abies alba, and cupressus sempervirens) were investigated for their lipid content and malate synthase and isocitrate lyase level. the fatty acid composition of the triglyceride fraction was also investigated. the correlation between lipid content of germinating seed with the prese ... | 1968 | 16656892 |
| phototropic response induced by wind loading in maritime pine seedlings (pinus pinaster aït.). | both woody and herbaceous plant species are known to respond to wind loading, with consequences for growth and morphology. wind has usually been classified as a mechanical stress which is detrimental to plant growth. few experiments exist whereby plants and, in particular, woody species are exposed to wind, as opposed to mechanical perturbation by touching, flexing or shaking. such experiments have always been short term and often carried out in wind tunnels in a controlled greenhouse environmen ... | 2005 | 15699065 |
| functional traits and plasticity in response to light in seedlings of four iberian forest tree species. | we investigated the differential roles of physiological and morphological features on seedling survivorship along an experimental irradiance gradient in four dominant species of cool temperate-mediterranean forests (quercus robur l., quercus pyrenaica willd., pinus sylvestris l. and pinus pinaster ait.). the lowest photochemical efficiency (f(v)/f(m) in dark-adapted leaves) was reached in deep shade (1% of full sunlight) in all species except q. robur, which had the lowest photochemical efficien ... | 2006 | 16877327 |
| adsorption of phenol on formaldehyde-pretreated pinus pinaster bark: equilibrium and kinetics. | this work studies phenol adsorption on pinus pinaster bark that has been previously treated with formaldehyde in acid medium. the influence of several variables such as solid/liquid ratio, ph and initial concentration of phenol in the solution on the adsorption capacity of the bark has been analysed. a kinetic model based on phenol diffusion within the pores of the adsorbent was in agreement with the results obtained for high initial concentrations of phenol, allowing the determination of diffus ... | 2007 | 16935496 |
| comparison of cellulose extraction methods for analysis of stable-isotope ratios of carbon and oxygen in plant material. | the jayme-wise and diglyme-hcl methods for extracting cellulose from plant material for stable-isotope analysis differ considerably in ease of use, with the latter requiring significantly less time and specialized equipment. however, the diglyme-hcl method leaves a small lignin residue in the crude cellulose that may affect stable-isotope values, whereas alpha-cellulose produced by the jayme-wise method is relatively pure. we examined whether adding a bleaching step to the diglyme-hcl method cou ... | 2005 | 15741154 |
| pprt1: the first complete gypsy-like retrotransposon isolated in pinus pinaster. | we have isolated and characterized a complete retrotransposon sequence, named pprt1, from the genome of pinus pinaster. pprt1 is 5,966 bp long and is closely related to ifg7 gypsy retrotransposon from pinus radiata. the long terminal repeats (ltrs) have 333 bp each and show a 5.4% sequence divergence between them. in addition to the characteristic polypurine tract (ppt) and the primer binding site (pbs), pprt1 carries internal regions with homology to retroviral genes gag and pol. the pol region ... | 2007 | 17008993 |
| a new sparassis species from spain described using morphological and molecular data. | sparassis miniensis, collected in pinus pinaster forests in galicia (northwest iberian peninsula) is described as a new species, based on morphological and molecular data. sparassis miniensis is morphologically distinct from all other species in the genus sparassis based on scattered flabellae, which are strongly laciniated, azonate, and arise from an orange to rose-purplish base. the sporadic presence of clamp connections is restricted to subhymenial hyphae. molecular data from lsu-rdna, its an ... | 2006 | 17018255 |
| a mechanical analysis of the relationship between free oscillations of pinus pinaster ait. saplings and their aerial architecture. | the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aerial architecture on the dynamic characteristics of young maritime pines (pinus pinaster ait.) using a mechanistic approach. for this purpose, three 4-year-old saplings with prominent differences in their branching patterns were submitted to free oscillation tests. the tests were carried out with different methods and directions of mechanical loading in order to initiate the movement of each sapling. the oscillations of the different ar ... | 2005 | 15837709 |
| procyanidin fractions from pine (pinus pinaster) bark: radical scavenging power in solution, antioxidant activity in emulsion, and antiproliferative effect in melanoma cells. | pine (pinus pinaster) bark is a rich source of procyanidin oligomers. from a total polyphenolic extract, we have generated fractions of different procyanidin composition. the mixtures, devoid of gallate esters, were active as free radical scavengers against abts(*+), dpph, and hnttm. pine bark fractions were tested for antioxidant activity in solution (hydrogen donation and electron transfer) and emulsion (inhibition of lipid peroxidation) and compared with their galloylated counterparts from gr ... | 2005 | 15941307 |
| nucleotide variation in genes involved in wood formation in two pine species. | nucleotide diversity in eight genes related to wood formation was investigated in two pine species, pinus pinaster and p. radiata. the nucleotide diversity patterns observed and their properties were compared between the two species according to the specific characteristics of the samples analysed. a lower diversity was observed in p. radiata compared with p. pinaster. in particular, for two genes (pp1, a glycin-rich protein homolog and cesa3, a cellulose synthase) the magnitude of the reduction ... | 2005 | 15948834 |
| micronutrient distribution in 16-year-old maritime pine. | concentrations and contents of the micronutrients fe, mn, zn, cu, and b were measured in various tree compartments of a 16-year-old stand of maritime pine (pinus pinaster soland in ait.). the micronutrients were actively redistributed within the tree. the longer-lived aerial tissues, trunks and branches, constituted the major micronutrient reservoirs, with the exception of manganese which accumulated in the needles. | 1992 | 14969987 |
| constituents of french turpentine of oil from pinus pinaster (bordeaux). | | 1982 | 17396987 |
| growth and soluble proteins of cell cultures derived from explants and protoplasts of pinus pinaster cotyledons. | pinus pinaster ait. cell suspension cultures were derived from chopped cotyledons and from cotyledon protoplasts. when transferred after 12 weeks in culture, growth of both cell types showed a lag of 5 days followed by an exponential phase of 14 days for the protoplast-derived cells and 23 days for the organ-derived cells. during the exponential growth phase, packed cell volume of protoplast-derived cultures increased 7-fold and that of organ-derived cultures 13-fold. during the stationary phase ... | 1989 | 14972972 |
| pprab1, a rab gtpase from maritime pine is differentially expressed during embryogenesis. | rab-related small gtp-binding proteins are known to be involved in the regulation of the vesicular transport system in eukaryotic cells. we report the characterization of a previously isolated full-length cdna pprab1 from pinus pinaster. amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of g1-g5 conserved domains of the gtpase ras superfamily and a double cysteine motif in the c-terminal, characteristic of rab proteins. the pprab1 protein shows high sequence similarity to several rab1 gtp-bindi ... | 2007 | 17562081 |
| relationship between lignin structure and delignification degree in pinus pinaster kraft pulps. | this study examines the structure of residual and dissolved lignins from pinus pinaster pulps obtained at different degrees of delignification by laboratory conventional kraft pulping. the cooking h factor was varied from 85 to 8049. the residual and dissolved lignin samples were characterised by elemental analysis, residual carbohydrate content, permanganate oxidation and 13c nmr spectroscopy. the reflectance factor of the pulps was also determined in order to tentatively correlate the delignif ... | 2008 | 17604620 |