| [parasitic helminths of the cecum and colon of equidae in italy]. | intestinal helminths from coecum and colon were studied in 93 equidae including 40 horses, 36 donkeys and 17 mules. a total of 38 species, 36 nematodes and 2 cestodes, were identified as follows: 1) triodontophorus serratus, 2) triodontophorus brevicauda, 3) strongylus equinus, 4) strongylus edentatus, 5) strongylus vulgaris, 6) cyathostomum tetracanthum, 7) cyathostomum coronatum, 8) cyathostomum labiatum, 9) cyathostomum labratum, 10) cyathostomum alveatum, 11) cyathostomum pateratum, 12) cyat ... | 1992 | 1339978 |
| control of strongylosis in horses by alternate grazing of horses and sheep and some other aspects of the epidemiology of strongylidae infections. | alternate grazing of horses and sheep as a control measure for gastrointestinal helminthiasis was studied in three grazing experiments in 1981, 1982 and 1983. each year a group of three mare yearling shetland ponies, which were kept on a small pasture from spring to autumn, were compared with a similar group which grazed a similar or the same pasture until july and were subsequently removed to a similar pasture which had been grazed by sheep from april to july. in addition both groups were treat ... | 1986 | 3962151 |
| antiparasitic effectiveness of ivermectin in the horse. | by way of a controlled trial, the anthelmintic efficacies of the injectable and paste formulations of ivermectin were evaluated in the horse. treatment was given at the rate of 200 microgram/kg of body weight. regardless of formulation, 100% removals were demonstrated for strongylus vulgaris (intestinal), s edentatus, 2nd and 3rd instars of gastrophilus nasalis and g intestinalis, "small strongyles," triodontophorus serratus and t tenuicollis. adult cylicocyclus insigne populations were eliminat ... | 1982 | 6896610 |
| in vitro culture of equine strongylidae to the fourth larval stage in a cell-free medium. | an efficient and reliable method is described for the culture of equine strongyles from the third (l3) to the fourth (l4) larval stage. medium consists of 50% fetal calf serum and 50% nctc with additions of l-glutamine, nahco3, yeast extract, bactopeptone, and dextrose. the gas phase used is of prime importance; it is a mixture of 10% co2, 5% o2, and 85% n2. strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, strongylus equinus, triodontophorus brevicauda, triodontophorus serratus, triodontophorus tenuic ... | 1994 | 8158465 |
| species markers for equine strongyles detected in intergenic rdna by pcr-rflp. | five species of equine strongyle belonging to the subfamily strongylinae (strongylus edentatus, s. equinus, s. vulgaris, oesophagodontus robustus and triodontophorus serratus) and 11 species belonging to the subfamily cyathostominae (poteriostomum imparidentatum, p. ratzii, cylicocyclus insignis, cc. leptostomus, cc. nassatus, cylicostephanus calicatus, cs. longibursatus, cs. goldi, cyathostomum catinatum, cy. labiatum and cy. pateratum) were characterized using a polymerase chain reaction-linke ... | 1996 | 8910892 |
| phylogenetic relationships of australian strongyloid nematodes inferred from ribosomal dna sequence data. | the sequence of the second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal dna was determined for the following strongyloid nematodes: cylicocyclus insignis, chabertia ovina, oesophagostomum venulosum, cloacina communis, cloacina hydriformis, labiostrongylus labiostrongylus, parazoniolaimus collaris, macropostrongylus macropostrongylus, macropostrongylus yorkei, rugopharynx australis, rugopharynx rosemariae, macropostrongyloides baylisi, oesophagostomoides longispicularis and paramacropostrongylus ... | 1997 | 9467733 |
| comparative efficacy evaluation of moxidectin gel and ivermectin paste against internal parasites of equines in brazil. | a total of 24 male and female equines of mixed breed, 10-20 months of age and naturally infected with internal parasites was utilized in a controlled test to evaluate the efficacy of a moxidectin 2% gel formulation at the dosage of 0.4 mg moxidectin per kg of live weight and an ivermectin 1.87% commercial paste formulation at the dosage 0.2 mg ivermectin per kg applied orally. animals were allocated into three groups of eight horses each based on pre-treatment eggs per gram (epg) counts and trea ... | 1998 | 9877068 |
| a comparison of the bioequivalence of 0.5% fenbendazole top dress pellets or 10% fenbendazole oral suspension against a spectrum of equine parasites. | a controlled test was conducted to assess the efficacy bioequivalence of a single dose of 0.5% fenbendazole (fbz) top dress pellets to a 10% fbz suspension formulation (panacur suspension 10%, hoechst roussel vet). thirty horses with naturally-acquired parasite infections, in replicates of three, were used. strongyle egg per gram counts were not significantly different (p>0.1) between groups pretreatment, but fbz treated groups were significantly different from the control group post-treatment. ... | 1999 | 10392771 |
| transglutaminase activity in equine strongyles and its potential role in growth and development. | transglutaminases (e.c. 2.3.3.13) are a family of ca(2+)-dependent enzymes that stabilize protein structure by catalyzing the formation of isopeptide bonds. a novel form of transglutaminase has been identified and characterized that seem to play an important role in growth, development, and molting in adult and larval stages of filarial nematodes. the aim of this study was to identify the ubiquitous nature of this enzyme in other nematodes and to measure its significance to larval growth, moltin ... | 1999 | 10416187 |
| allele-specific pcr for the beta-tubulin codon 200 ttc/tac polymorphism using single adult and larval small strongyle (cyathostominae) stages. | it has been shown that benzimidazole (bz) resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes is linked with an increase in beta-tubulin codon 200 tyrosine-expressing alleles in the resistant parasite populations. here, an allele-specific pcr has been developed for the discrimination of the tac/ttc polymorphism in the beta-tubulin 200 codon of small strongyles. one reverse primer was used in 2 separate amplifications with 1 of 2 forward primers that differed only in their final 3' nucleotide. the pri ... | 2002 | 12053994 |
| investigation of diversity and isotypes of the beta-tubulin cdna in several small strongyle (cyathostominae) species. | the diversity of the beta-tubulin cdnas of the cyathostominae and the occurrence of further isotypes were examined in adult worms isolated from an anthelmintic-naïve horse. cdnas encoding beta-tubulin from cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicocyclus insigne, cylicocyclus radiatus, cylicocyclus elongatus, cyathostomum coronatum, and cyathostomum pateratum were characterized using specific primers developed from the cdna sequence of cc. nassatus. the cdna sequences span 1,429 bp an ... | 2002 | 12197112 |
| prevalence, abundance and site distribution of equine small strongyles in normandy, france. | forty-two horses from normandy (france) were examined post-mortem for small strongyle infections from october to march. in the positive horses, total worm numbers ranged from 234 to 90,247 (mean 11,297). encysted larvae represented the major part of the total cyathostome burdens with a high percentage (83%) being early third stage larvae. they were mostly recovered from the caecum (48%) and ventral colon (40%) and were less present in the dorsal colon (12%). adult cyathostomes were mainly locate ... | 2002 | 12446091 |
| a pcr-elisa for the identification of cyathostomin fourth-stage larvae from clinical cases of larval cyathostominosis. | we report the use of six oligoprobes designed from intergenic spacer region sequences to identify fourth-stage larvae (l4) of the tribe cyathostominae. oligoprobes were designed for identification of the following species: cylicocyclus ashworthi, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicocyclus insigne, cyathostomum catinatum, cylicostephanus goldi, and cylicostephanus longibursatus. a seventh probe was designed as a positive control to identify all these members of the cyathostominae. the intergenic spacer ... | 2003 | 14527525 |
| evidence of p-glycoprotein sequence diversity in cyathostomins. | p-glycoproteins (pgps) are adenosine triphosphate-binding transporter proteins thought to be associated with multi-drug resistance in mammals and protozoans and have been suggested to be involved in the mechanism of ivermectin (ivm) resistance in haemonchus contortus. until now, resistance to ivm has not been reported in cyathostomins in horses in spite of its widespread and frequent use. reasons for this might be differences in the molecular mechanism of the development of resistance. based on ... | 2004 | 15562598 |
| identification of strongyle eggs from anthelmintic-treated horses using a pcr-elisa based on intergenic dna sequences. | the efficacy of five daily fenbendazole (fbz) treatments was tested against benzimidazole-resistant cyathostomins in naturally infected horses (n=13). horses were treated with pyrantel embonate (pyr) to remove adult strongyles followed, 7 days later, by a 5-day course of fbz. the pyr treatment produced an average faecal egg count reduction of 98%. all samples were negative by faecal egg count 7 days after the start of the fbz treatment. positive egg counts were observed from 28 days after the st ... | 2005 | 15682337 |
| species-specific identification of equine cyathostomes resistant to fenbendazole and susceptible to oxibendazole and moxidectin by macroarray probing. | cyathostome populations in horses on two farms located in central italy with a history of fenbendazole (fbz) resistance were investigated with the faecal egg count reduction test to evaluate the susceptibility to oxibendazole and moxidectin. faecal eggs were collected pre- and post-treatment on each farm and molecularly examined with a reverse line blot (rlb) assay able to unequivocally detect and identify 13 cyathostome species. resistance to fbz was confirmed on both farms, while oxibendazole ... | 2009 | 18950625 |
| morphometric identification of equid cyathostome (nematoda: cyathostominae) infective larvae. | the prevalence of infection with cyathosthomes of horses is high worldwide. identification of species on infective larvae based on available morphological keys is not fully accurate and the aim of the present study was to provide a reliable identification key of cyathostomes infective larvae. at the abattoir, horse large intestines were examined and the cyathostomes females extracted and identified. the eggs from uteruses of identified cyathostomes females were used for breeding the infective la ... | 2009 | 19359100 |
| biodiversity and distribution of helminths and protozoa in naturally infected horses from the biosphere reserve la sierra madre de chiapas", méxico. | a cross sectional survey was performed to identify gastrointestinal helminths and protozoans in naturally infected horses from the biosphere reserve known as "la sierra madre de chiapas", mexico (el triunfo and la sepultura). during a three-year survey, fecal samples from 90 horses and parasites from 2 necropsied animals were collected. five families from the nematoda class: ascaridae, kathlanidae, oxyuridae, strongylidae and trichostrongylidae were found, whereas, only one family from the class ... | 2010 | 20307938 |
| field study on the efficacy of an oral 2% ivermectin formulation in horses. | twenty horses naturally infected with nematodes were included in a blind, controlled field study on efficacy and safety of an oral 2% ivermectin formulation at a dose of 0.2 mg.kg(-1). horses were divided into treated and non-treated (control) groups with ten animals each based on preliminary counts of eggs per gram of feces (epg). stool samples were collected after treatment for identification of nematode species. clinical evaluations and epg counts were performed on days 0, +5, +14 and +19. ni ... | 2011 | 21722495 |
| the prevalence, abundance and distribution of cyathostomins (small stongyles) in horses from western romania. | forty seven working horses from romania were post-mortem examined for small strongyles (cyathostominae) infections. all horses were found infected. the overall cyathostomins intensity ranged from 390 to 13,010 and horses were infected by 8-24 species. the intensity was higher in ventral colon (1531) and dorsal colon (824), the lowest in the caecum (524). twenty four species were identified. cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus insigne, and c. nassatus had 100% of prevalence. over 50% of horses w ... | 2016 | 27198801 |
| fecundity of various species of strongylids (nematoda: strongylidae)--parasites of domestic horses. | the aims of the study were to determine fecundity of several strongylid species parasitizing domestic horses and analyze possible relations between numbers of eggs in female uteri and size of both the eggs and the nematodes as well as the influence of fecundity on proportion of species in the strongylid community. twenty-five specimens from each of 15 strongylid species (strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, triodontophorus serratus, triodontophorus brevicauda, triodontophorus tenuicollis, ... | 2012 | 22903448 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of parasitic nematode cylicocyclus nassatus and comparative analyses with cylicocyclus insigne. | cylicocyclus nassatus is a common and important parasite in the large intestine of equine. in this study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of c. nassatus was determined and comparatively analyzed with cylicocyclus insigne. the mt genome size of c. nassatus was 13,846 bp, 18 bp longer than that of c. insigne. the circular mt genome includes 12 protein-coding genes, two rrna genes, 22 trna genes and two non-coding regions. all the genes are transcribed in the same direction and gene ... | 2017 | 27915089 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of strongylus equinus (chromadorea: strongylidae): comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic analyses. | the roundworms of genus strongylus are the common parasitic nematodes in the large intestine of equine, causing significant economic losses to the livestock industries. in spite of its importance, the genetic data and epidemiology of this parasite are not entirely understood. in the present study, the complete s. equinus mitochondrial (mt) genome was determined. the length of s. equinus mt genome dna sequence is 14,545 bp, containing 36 genes, of which 12 code for protein, 22 for transfer rna, a ... | 2015 | 26366671 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of an equine intestinal parasite, triodontophorus brevicauda (chromadorea: strongylidae): the first characterization within the genus. | the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of triodontophorus brevicauda, an intestinal equine nematode parasite was determined for the first time. the circular t. brevicauda mt genome is 14,305 bp in length and contains 36 genes, of which 12 code for protein, 22 for transfer rna, and two for ribosomal rna, and lacks atp8 mtdna gene. phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated amino acid sequence of the 12 protein-coding genes was performed using three different tree-building methods. t ... | 2015 | 26100950 |
| complete mitochondrial genomes of triodontophorus serratus and triodontophorus nipponicus, and their comparison with triodontophorus brevicauda. | triodontophorus serratus and triodontophorus nipponicus are two of the most common nematodes inhabiting in the large intestine of horse. in the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences of t. serratus and t. nipponicus have been determined. the mt genomes of t. serratus and t. nipponicus are circular molecules with 13,794 bp and 13,701 bp in size, respectively. these circular mt genomes encode 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, two rrna genes and 22 trna genes. al ... | 2017 | 28803904 |