| [paxillus involutus]. | | 1979 | 446289 |
| short-term toxicity study of paxillus involutus in the rat. | | 1977 | 598796 |
| [acute immunohemolytic anemia following eating of paxillus involutus]. | | 1977 | 611888 |
| [hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal for treating acute poisoning by remedies, plant protectants, and fungi. iii. fungi (author's transl)]. | four patients with foudroyant liver dystrophy due to ingestion of fungi of the amanita phalloides species were treated by hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal. three patients survived the poisoning. one patient died in a coma due to hepatic disintegration with cardiac and respiratory insufficiency. one female patient suffering from hemolytic syndrome and acute anuresis due to ingestion of fungi of the paxillus involutus species recovered completely after treatment of combinated hemodialy ... | 1977 | 927297 |
| concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury and copper in mushrooms in the vicinity of a lead smelter. | the concentrations of four heavy metals in 149 samples of mushroom fruiting bodies, representing 11 species, mainly all edible, were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. the mushrooms were collected up to a distance of 6 km from a lead smelter in central bohemia (czechoslovakia) in operation since 1786. lead was accumulated extensively by lepiota rhacodes and lepista nuda. among other species, significant accumulation was found up to a distance of 1 km from the source. concentrations of ... | 1991 | 1925517 |
| [poisoning with the brown roll-rim mushroom, paxillus involutus]. | brown roll-rim (paxillus involutus) is a dangerous poisonous mushroom with symptoms of poisoning which occur a few hours after consumption. repeated consumption may cause sensitization to a heat-stable toxin, resulting in haemolysis which may be of all degrees. in addition, severe gastrointestinal symptoms may be due to a heat-instable toxin. in cases with immune haemolysis, treatment consists of corticosteroid and possibly plasmapheresis and symptomatic therapy. | 1991 | 2000656 |
| chromosome-breaking activity of extracts of the mushroom paxillus involutus fries ex batsch. | dry and presoaked seeds of nigella damascena were treated with aqueous extracts of the mushroom paxillus involutus. at the first mitosis after the onset of germination, metaphase chromosomes showed damage independent of the origin of the mushrooms. the damaging substance(s) is (are) thermostable. except a few achromatic gaps, all the lesions observed are of the chromosome type, i.e. are induced at the pre-synthetic g1 stage. | 1991 | 2009940 |
| production of cytokinin-like substances by mycorrhizal fungi of pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in cultures with and without metabolites of actinomycetes. | studies on the effect of post culture liquids of actinomycetes on cytokinin-like substances production by mycorrhizal fungi have revealed that actinomycete metabolites inhibited or stimulated the synthesis of these compounds. the results of chromatographic analyses suggest, that substances stimulating the soybean callus are likely to be: riboside 6 (gamma, gamma-dimethylallylamino) purine and riboside zeatin. using gas chromatography it was confirmed that both substances are produced by rhizopog ... | 1985 | 2412406 |
| severe hemolysis caused by antibodies against the mushroom paxillus involutus and its therapy by plasma exchange. | it has been shown that fatal "poisoning" with the mushroom species paxillus involutus is caused by antibodies against the fungus in sensitized patients. because circulating immune complexes play an important role, therapeutic procedures which can eliminate those complexes could stop immune hemolysis. a 37-year-old patient became severely ill after repeated ingestion of sufficiently cooked paxillus involutus. as a result of hemolysis with reversible shock symptoms, acute renal failure developed. ... | 1986 | 3784443 |
| [paxillus involutus poisoning]. | | 1972 | 4643244 |
| [poisoning with paxillus involutus]. | | 1974 | 4846884 |
| [acute kidney failure due to immunohemolytic anemia following consumption of the mushroom paxillus involutus]. | | 1971 | 5105189 |
| [clinical diagnosis and treatment in cases of mushroom poisoning. (in the light of a mass poisoning with amanita phalloides and paxillus involutus)]. | | 1971 | 5577335 |
| [studies of paxillus involutus batsch fr. iv. studies of acute toxicity of extracts and residues after extraction of fungi]. | | 1968 | 5692945 |
| [studies on the mushroom paxillus involutus batsch, fr. i. changes in the gastrointestinal tract of young white rats fed dry paxillus involutus]. | | 1965 | 5893152 |
| [studies on paxillus involutus batsch. fr. ii. changes in some parenchyma organs of young rats fed with dried mushrooms paxillus involutus]. | | 1966 | 5949187 |
| [studies on paxillus involutus (batsch fr). 3. peripheral blood picture of young white rats poisoned with dried paxillus involutus]. | | 1967 | 6081793 |
| [hemolysis in mushroom poisoning: facts and hypotheses]. | primary hemolysis induced by antigens and toxins of mushrooms must be distinguished from hemolysis secondary to shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation with disruption of erythrocytes caused by severe poisoning with many mushroom species. primary hemolysis is well documented as immunohemolysis after repeated ingestion of involute paxillus (paxillus involutus). direct hemolysis is reported after eating raw mushrooms with a high content of hemolysins. hemolysis is only speculative in mono ... | 1983 | 6359399 |
| [fatal immunohaemolytic anaemia after eating the mushroom paxillus involutus (author's transl)]. | a 49-year-old previously healthy man fell gravely ill after repeatedly eating the mushroom paxillus involutus. haemolysis and circulatory shock caused acute renal failure, acute respiratory failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. the patient died three-and-a-half days after the mushroom meal in protracted shock. in addition to the signs of haemolysis, post-mortem examination revealed signs of intravascular coagulopathy in lungs, kidneys, adrenals, myocardium, liver and spleen. there ... | 1982 | 7105997 |
| cs-137 content in the mushrooms of radioactive contaminated zones of the european part of the cis. | samples of different species of mushrooms were collected in the forests contaminated by chernobyl (chnpp) accident fallout debris. sampling sites were located at a distance of 5-200 km from chernobyl npp. transfer factors (tf) for cs-137 from soil to mushrooms varied from 12 to 5060 nci kg-1/ci km-2; tf variability depended on the distance from chnpp, mushroom species and growth conditions. the highest concentrations of cs-137 were observed in paxillus involutus and xerocomus badius. these speci ... | 1994 | 7973612 |
| respiration of [14c]alanine by the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus efficiently took up exogenously supplied [14c]alanine and rapidly converted it to pyruvate, citrate, succinate, fumarate and to co2, thus providing direct evidence for the utilisation of alanine as a respiratory substrate. [14c]alanine was further actively metabolised to glutamate, glutamine and aspartate. exposure to aminooxyacetate completely suppressed 14co2 evolution and greatly reduced the flow of carbon from [14c]alanine to tricarboxylic acid c ... | 1994 | 8082830 |
| inhibition of chitinolytic activities from tree species and associated fungi. | effects of two inhibitors, allosamidin and (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene)amino phenylcarbamate (pugnac), have been assessed on chitinolytic activities of two plants, pinus sylvestris l. and eucalyptus pilularis sm., and of seven fungi. pinus sylvestris and e. pilularis root endochitinase activities were inhibited by allosamidin. activities of p. sylvestris were more sensitive to inhibition than those of e. pilularis. the mechanism of inhibition varied with the plant species and the ... | 1996 | 8588878 |
| cytotoxicity of extracts from the mushroom paxillus involutus. | the cytotoxicity of extracts of freshly collected paxillus involutus against murine (l929 and raw 264.7) and human (hela and eahy926) derived cell lines was investigated. the water extract (15.6-1000 micrograms/ml) did not affect the viability of cells, while the butanol extract reduced cell viability by 30-45% at the highest concentration tested (1 mg/ml). the ethyl acetate extract was cytotoxic in a concentration-dependent manner, with ic50 values between 125 and 250 micrograms/ml. the cytotox ... | 1996 | 8817815 |
| [mercury in mushrooms and underlying substrate from the area of polanowice in the county of gubin, district of zielona g'ora]. | the total mercury concentration was determined in caps and stalks of 16 species of higher mushrooms and in fall 1994 at the forested area near village of polanowice on the western border of poland in county of gubin, district of zielona góra. the method of measurement was cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion of the samples with concentrated nitric acid in whole glass apparatus consisting of round bottom flask, partial condenser and a water cooler. totally 254 fruiting b ... | 1996 | 9102795 |
| monoclonal antibodies as probes for fungal wall structure during morphogenesis. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), s4d1, s3b3 and s1e5, were produced from hybridoma cell lines raised from mice immunized with hyphal walls of neurospora crassa and one (pax-1) from mice immunized with hyphal walls of paxillus involutus. in immunofluorescence studies, the three n. crassa mabs recognized epitopes with different patterns of distribution at the hyphal surface of n. crassa. s4d1 recognized an epitope which was present on the surface of both conidia and hyphae; s3b3 recognized an e ... | 1997 | 9245814 |
| [mushroom poisoning--classification, symptoms and therapy]. | the most serious poisonings are the hepatotoxic ones which are caused above all by amanita phalloides, virosa, verna, lepiota helveola, galerina marginata, gyromitra esculenta, hypholoma fasciculare, and nephroptoxic intoxications which are caused above all by cortinarius orrelanus and paxillus involutus. neurotoxic and psychotropic intoxications develop after ingestion of inocybe, clitocybe, amanita-panterina, muscaria and psilocybe. most frequently the gastroenteric type of mushroom poisoning ... | 1997 | 9601842 |
| ammonium and methylamine transport by the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus and ectomycorrhizas. | using [(14)c]methylamine as an analogue of ammonium, the kinetics and the energetics of nh(4)(+) transport were studied in the ectomycorrhizal fungus, paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. the apparent half-saturation constant (k(m)) and the maximum uptake rate (v(max)) for the carrier-mediated transport derived from the eadie-hofstee transformation were 180 µm and 380 nmol (mg dry wt)(-1) min(-1,) respectively. both ph dependence and inhibition by protonophores indicate that methylamine transport in ... | 1999 | 10568844 |
| cadmium uptake and subcellular compartmentation in the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | cadmium uptake and subcellular compartmentation in the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus were investigated using radiotracer flux analyses. concentration-dependent cd2+-uptake kinetics were characterized by a smooth, non-saturating curve that could be dissected into linear and saturable components. the linear-uptake kinetic component was interpreted as representing binding of cd to apoplastic components, whereas the remaining saturable component was the result of carrier-mediated transpo ... | 2000 | 10832638 |
| effects of heavy metals on nitrogen uptake by paxillus involutus and mycorrhizal birch seedlings. | the effects of the heavy metals cu, cd, ni, pb and zn on [(14)c]methylamine and [(14)c]aminoisobutyric acid uptake were studied in the free-living fungus paxillus involutus and in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal birch roots. the uptake of both n sources by p. involutus was inhibited by the five metals tested. however, cu(2+) and pb(2+) had a greater inhibitory effect. non-competitive inhibitions were determined between heavy metals and [(14)c]methylamine uptake. [(14)c]methylamine uptake was red ... | 2000 | 10922504 |
| elevated co2 and ozone reduce nitrogen acquisition by pinus halepensis from its mycorrhizal symbiont. | the effects of 700 µmol mol-1 co2 and 200 nmol mol-1 ozone on photosynthesis in pinus halepensis seedlings and on n translocation from its mycorrhizal symbiont, paxillus involutus, were studied under nutrient-poor conditions. after 79 days of exposure, ozone reduced and elevated co2 increased net assimilation rate. however, the effect was dependent on daily accumulated exposure. no statistically significant differences in total plant mass accumulation were observed, although ozone-treated plants ... | 2001 | 11240914 |
| rates and quantities of carbon flux to ectomycorrhizal mycelium following 14c pulse labeling of pinus sylvestris seedlings: effects of litter patches and interaction with a wood-decomposer fungus. | we used a novel digital autoradiographic technique that enabled, for the first time, simultaneous visualization and quantification of spatial and temporal changes in carbon allocation patterns in ectomycorrhizal mycelia. mycorrhizal plants of pinus sylvestris l. were grown in microcosms containing non-sterile peat. the time course and spatial distribution of carbon allocation by p. sylvestris to mycelia of its mycorrhizal partners, paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. and suillus bovinus (l.): kuntze ... | 2001 | 11303651 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and regulation by cadmium of a superoxide dismutase from the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | the gene encoding a superoxide dismutase (pisod) was cloned by suppressive subtractive hybridization from cdna library of the ectomycorrhizal fungus, paxillus involutus, grown under cadmium-stress conditions. the encoded protein was presumed to be localized in the peroxisomes because it contained a c-terminal peroxisomal localization peptide (skl) and lacked an n-terminal mitochondrial transit peptide. complementation of an escherichia coli sod null strain that is unable to grow in the presence ... | 2001 | 11389724 |
| exploitation of pollen by mycorrhizal mycelial systems with special reference to nutrient recycling in boreal forests. | very large quantities of pollen are released annually by wind-pollinated trees, which dominate northern forest ecosystems. since pollen is enriched in both nitrogen and phosphorus, this recurrent pulse of deposition constitutes a significant potential source of these elements in what are known to be severely nutrient-limited systems. here, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that an ectomycorrhizal fungus, paxillus involutus, is able to scavenge effectively for nitrogen and phos ... | 2001 | 11429131 |
| effects of exogenous diamines on the interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and adventitious root formation in scots pine in vitro. | production of free and conjugated polyamines by two ectomycorrhizal fungi, pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr., was studied in vitro. spermidine was the main polyamine in the mycelium of both fungi. paxillus involutus also produced large amounts of the diamine putrescine, whereas pisolithus tinctorius contained traces of the diamine cadaverine and released into the culture medium an unknown compound probably related to cadaverine or n-methylputrescin ... | 2002 | 11960762 |
| mycorrhizal growth in pure cultures in the presence of pesticides. | the effects of pesticides on 64 ectomycorrhizal fungi of boreal forest trees were studied in vitro. the pesticides (fungicides: benomyl, chlorothalonil, copper oxychloride, maneb and propiconazole; herbicides: chlorthiamid, glyphosate, hexazinone, linuron and terbuthylazine; insecticide: cypermethrin) were selected as those commonly used in nordic forest nurseries and afforestation sites. in general, the fungicides proved to be more toxic to ectomycorrhizal fungi than the herbicides and cypermet ... | 2002 | 12002401 |
| size and complexity of the nuclear genome of the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | the basidiomycete paxillus involutus is forming ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with a broad range of forest trees. reassociation kinetics on p. involutus nuclear dna indicated a haploid genome size of 23 mb including 11% of repetitive dna. a similar genome size (20 mb) was estimated by genomic reconstruction analysis using three single copy genes. to assess the gene density in the p. involutus genome, a cosmid containing a 33-kb fragment of genomic dna was sequenced and used to identify putative open ... | 2002 | 12135579 |
| [toxicity of mushrooms paxillus involutus and paxillus atrotomentosus]. | thirty-eight patients with mushroom (paxillus involutus and paxillus atrotomentosus) poisoning were treated. slight poisoning (acute gastroenteritis) was diagnosed in 17 patients, medium-severe in 13, severe in 6, and extremely severe in 2 patients. changes in the lpo-aod system correlated with the severity of hepatorenal involvement. the treatment included hepatotropic therapy; patients with acute renal failure were treated by hemodialysis. paxillus mushrooms induced functional evacuatory disor ... | 2002 | 12226995 |
| biodegradation of aromatic compounds by white rot and ectomycorrhizal fungal species and the accumulation of chlorinated benzoic acid in ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings. | the capability of different white rot (wr, heterobasidion annosum, phanerochaete chrysosporium, trametes versicolor) and ectomycorrhizal (ecm, paxillus involutus, suillus bovinus) fungal species to degrade different aromatic compounds and the absorption of 3-chlorobenzoic acid (3-cba) by ecm pine seedlings was examined. the effect of aromatic compounds on the fungal biomass development varied considerably and depended on (a) the compound, (b) the external concentration, and (c) the fungal specie ... | 2002 | 12363308 |
| accumulation factors of mercury in mushrooms from zaborski landscape park, poland. | total mercury concentrations were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (cv-aas) in 117 samples of caps, 117 of stalks and 47 of whole fruiting bodies of 13 species of wild mushrooms and in 164 underlying soil substrate collected from zaborski landscape park during 1997 and 1998. the study area is a background, forested site with rural landscape and no known local sources of mercury emission. mean mercury concentrations in mushrooms varied widely (range: 50 +/- 20 to 3700 +/- ... | 2002 | 12437292 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungi and exogenous auxins influence root and mycorrhiza formation of scots pine hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. | we studied the ability of the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi, pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. (strain h), to produce indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and to affect the formation and growth of roots on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. effects of indole-3-butyric acid (iba) and the auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba), on rooting and the cutting-fungus interaction were also studied. both fungi produced iaa ... | 2002 | 12464576 |
| accumulation of 137cs by fungal mycelium in forest ecosystems of ukraine. | during 1996-1998, 16 fruit bodies of different species and 204 soil samples down to 10 cm in the close vicinity of the fruit body sites were collected in a coniferous forest in the ovruch region of ukraine. the soil samples were sliced into 1 or 2 cm layers and the fungal mycelium was prepared from each of the layers. the 137cs activity concentration was determined in both soil and mycelium. the mean weight of fungal mycelium was 13.8 mg g(-1) of soil in the upper 4 cm and 7.3 mg g(-1) when meas ... | 2003 | 12469769 |
| characterization of the surface hydrophobicity of filamentous fungi. | a method for the quantitative analysis of the hydrophobicity of the mycelial mat of filamentous fungi based on contact angle measurements is presented. it was tested for a range of fungi belonging to the classes of basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and deuteromycetes. the measured contact angles of the mycelial mats ranged between hydrophilic (<30 degrees) for the deuteromycetes fusarium oxysporum fo47 gus1 and trichoderma harzianum p1[pzega1] and hydrophobic (>60 degrees) for the ascomycete cladospor ... | 2003 | 12558591 |
| ectomycorrhizas and cadmium toxicity in norway spruce seedlings. | we studied the effects of ectomycorrhizal colonization by laccaria bicolor (maire) orton s238 and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. 533 on cadmium (cd) toxicity in norway spruce seedlings (picea abies (l.) karst.). both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings were exposed to 0 (control), 0.5 or 5 &mgr;m cdso(4) for 9 weeks in a sand culture system with frequent addition of nutrient solutions. in pure culture, p. involutus and l. bicolor showed similar cd tolerance. however, in symbiosis, the cd t ... | 1999 | 12651328 |
| nutrient uptake by intact mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings: a diagnostic tool to detect copper toxicity. | we developed a nondestructive method for detecting early toxic effects of inflethal copper (cu) concentrations on ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (nm) scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. the fungal symbionts examined were paxillus involutus (fr.) fr., suillus luteus (fr.) s.f. gray and thelephora terrestris (ehrh.) fr. the accumulation of cu in needles and fungal development (ergosterol) in roots and infstrate were assessed. inorganic phosphate (p(i)) and ammonium (nh(4) (+)) uptake ... | 1999 | 12651582 |
| effects of cadmium on growth and glucose utilisation of ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro. | effects of cd on growth and glucose utilisation of paxillus involutus, rhizopogon subcaerulescens and suillus bovinus were investigated in vitro in liquid culture. s. bovinus was the species most sensitive to cd in terms of dry matter production and p. involutus was less sensitive than r. subcaerulescens. greater production of hyphae of p. involutus than the other fungi appeared to confer some degree of cd resistance, possibly by binding cd onto cell walls. growth of the three fungi was increase ... | 2003 | 12687448 |
| effects of thinning treatment on an ectomycorrhizal succession under scots pine. | we describe a 16 yr dataset of ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies under scots pine (pinus sylvestris), starting from seedlings, and explore the effects of a 50% thinning treatment imposed in year 12. the over-riding pattern in the data was of successional development, with paxillus involutus and laccaria proxima in the earliest years, followed by suillus species, while in later years amanita and cortinarius species became prominent. the typical pattern was for each species in turn to increase to a max ... | 2003 | 12825501 |
| quantitative detection of agar-cultivated and rhizotron-grown piloderma croceum erikss. & hjortst. by its1-based fluorescent pcr. | a real-time quantitative taqman-pcr was established for the absolute quantification of extramatrical hyphal biomass of the ectomycorrhizal fungus piloderma croceum in pure cultures as well as in rhizotron samples with non-sterile peat substrate. after cloning and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences its1/its2 and the 5.8s rrna gene from several fungi, including tomentellopsis submollis, paxillus involutus, and cortinarius obtusus, species-specific primers and a dual-labelled ... | 2003 | 12836084 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungal species and strains differ in their ability to produce free and conjugated polyamines. | production of free and conjugated polyamines by one strain of laccaria proxima (boud.) maire, three strains (h, o, k) of paxillus involutus (batsch) fr., and one strain of pisolithus tinctorius was studied in vitro. spermidine (spd) was the main polyamine in the 4-week-old mycelium of all the fungi. it was mainly present in the free form, but it also occurred in conjugated forms. paxillus involutus strain h released large amounts of free putrescine (put), and the pisolithus tinctorius released a ... | 2003 | 12844248 |
| growth stimulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by root exudates of brassicaceae plants: role of degraded compounds of indole glucosinolates. | brassicaceae plants are nonmycorrhizal. they were found to inhibit va mycorrhizal infection in their host plants. we tested if they can influence growth of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi. when roots and leaves of brassicaceae plants and ecm fungi were cultured together in the same petri dishes, the root exudates of turnip (brassica rapa), swede (b. napobrassica), cabbage (b. oleracea, var. capitata), broccoli (b. oleracea, var. italica plenck), kohlrobi (b. caulorapa pasq.), mustard (b. juncea), ra ... | 2003 | 12918920 |
| [poisonings caused by paxillus involutus, an edible mushroom]. | | 1963 | 14016453 |
| mercury in wild mushrooms and underlying soil substrate from koszalin, north-central poland. | concentrations of total mercury were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (cv-aas) in 221 caps and 221 stalks of 15 species of wild growing higher fungi/mushrooms and 221 samples of corresponding soil substrate collected in 1997-98 in manowo county, near the city of koszalin in north-central poland. mean mercury concentrations in caps and stalks of the mushroom species examined and soils varied between 30+/-31 and 920+/-280, 17+/-11 and 560+/-220, and 10+/-9 and 170+/-110 ng/ ... | 2004 | 14581048 |
| development, persistence and regeneration of foraging ectomycorrhizal mycelial systems in soil microcosms. | development of extraradical mycelia of two strains each of paxillus involutus and suillus bovinus in ectomycorrhizal association with pinus sylvestris seedlings was studied in two dimensions in non-sterile soil microcosms. there were significant inter- and intra-specific differences in extraradical mycelial growth and morphology. the mycelial systems of both strains of p. involutus were diffuse and extended more rapidly than those of s. bovinus. depending on the strain, p. involutus mycelia were ... | 2004 | 14598131 |
| juvenile nitrogen uptake capacities and root architecture of two open-pollinated families of picea abies. effects of nitrogen source and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. | this study was carried out to find early physiological differences occurring in young seedlings between two contrasting picea abies open-pollinated families (opf), one with high- and one with low-growth performance in the field by, determining their n uptake capacities and their root architecture. we used three potential n-sources in forest soil solution, no3-, nh4+ and amino acids, to establish n uptake rates by the plants, whether or not associated with a fungus isolated from the field and ide ... | 2003 | 14610890 |
| organic acids and water-soluble phenolics produced by paxillus sp. 60/92 together show antifungal activity against pythium vexans under acidic culture conditions. | ectomycorrhizal fungi can produce antifungal compounds in vitro as well as in symbiosis with the host plant that can reduce root diseases. the objective of this study was to isolate antifungal compounds from culture filtrate of paxillus sp. 60/92, which can form mycorrhizas with picea glehnii seedlings. culture filtrate of paxillus sp. 60/92 showed antifungal activity against pythium vexans at ph 3-4 but not at ph 5-10, although sterile mmn-b liquid medium (ph 3-10) did not show antifungal activ ... | 2005 | 14716537 |
| boron uptake by ectomycorrhizas of silver birch. | boron (b) is an essential micronutrient for plants but it is thought not to be essential for fungi. we studied whether the extraradical mycelia of paxillus involutus in symbiosis with silver birch (betula pendula) take up b and transport it to the host plant. we grew mycorrhizal plants in flat microcosms with a partitioning wall, below which there was only extraradical mycelium. a boric acid solution enriched in 10b was applied to these mycelia. increased 10b/11b isotope ratios were subsequently ... | 2004 | 14745630 |
| mycelial production, spread and root colonisation by the ectomycorrhizal fungi hebeloma crustuliniforme and paxillus involutus under elevated atmospheric co2. | effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (co2) levels on the production and spread of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium from colonised scots pine roots were investigated. pinus sylvestris (l.) karst. seedlings inoculated with either hebeloma crustuliniforme (bull:fr.) quel. or paxillus involutus (fr.) fr. were grown at either ambient (350 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) levels of co2. mycelial production was measured after 6 weeks in pots, and mycelial spread from inoculated seedlings was studied ... | 2005 | 14750001 |
| [selenium in selected species of mushrooms from poland]. | the selenium was quantified in the caps, stalks or a whole fruiting bodies of king bolete (boletus edulis), brown birch scaber stalk (leccinum scabrum), parasol mushroom (macrolepiota procera), fly agaric (amanita muscaria) and poison pax (paxillus involutus) collected at the various regions of poland in 1998-2001. king bolete, parasol mushroom and fly agaric were a much more abundant in selenium than brown birch scaber stalk or poison pax. some differences were observed between the selenium con ... | 2003 | 14755851 |
| phosphate-limitation physiology in ectomycorrhizal pitch pine (pinus rigida) seedlings. | foliar and root p concentrations, net h(2)po(4) (-) (p(i)) uptake rates, and root surface acid phosphatase (apase) rates were assessed in pitch pine (pinus rigida mill.) seedlings inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungi laccaria bicolor (maire) pat., paxillus involutus (batsch.) fr., or pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch, and grown at 10 or 100 micro m p(i) in sand culture. following a 6-week period of acclimation to the p(i) regimes, seedlings grown at 100 micro m p(i) had greater ... | 1996 | 14871791 |
| pyrene degradation in forest humus microcosms with or without pine and its mycorrhizal fungus. | the mineralization potential of forest humus and the self-cleaning potential of a boreal coniferous forest environment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) compounds was studied using a model ecosystem of acid forest humus (ph = 3.6) and pyrene as the model compound. the matrix was natural humus or humus mixed with oil-polluted soil in the presence and absence of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and its mycorrhizal fungus (paxillus involutus). the rates of pyrene mineralization in the micro ... | 2004 | 14964357 |
| transcriptional responses of paxillus involutus and betula pendula during formation of ectomycorrhizal root tissue. | in order to obtain information on genes specifically expressed in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, 3,555 expressed sequence tags (ests) were analyzed from a cdna library constructed from ectomycorrhiza formed between the basidiomycete paxillus involutus and birch (betula pendula). cdna libraries from saprophytically growing fungus (3,964 ests) and from axenic plants (2,532 ests) were analyzed in parallel. by clustering all the est obtained, a nonredundant set of 2,284 unique transcripts of either ... | 2004 | 14964534 |
| the effect of paxillus involutus fr. on aluminum sensitivity of norway spruce seedlings. | non-mycorrhizal norway spruce seedlings (picea abies karst.) and norway spruce seedlings colonized with paxillus involutus fr. were grown in an axenic silica sand culture system. after successful mycorrhizal colonization, the seedlings were exposed to 200 or 800 micro m alcl(3) for 10 weeks. in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings, exposure to al significantly reduced root growth and the uptake of mg and ca. after 5 weeks of exposure to 800 micro m al, the mycorrhizal seedlings had sig ... | 1993 | 14969908 |
| effect of ammonium on glutamine synthetase activity in ectomycorrhizal fungi, and in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal scots pine seedlings. | the influence of ammonium on glutamine synthetase activity (gs, ec 6.3.1.2) was studied in three species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, paxillus involutus (batsch:fr) fr, piloderma croceum erikss. and hjortst. and suillus variegatus (fr) o kuntze growing in pure culture, as well as in the roots and needles of nursery-grown, non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings inoculated with paxillus involutus or piloderma croceum as the symbiont. in response to increasing conce ... | 1993 | 14969937 |
| landfill site restoration: the inimical challenges of ethylene and methane. | vertically migrating landfill gases pose inimical challenges to site revegetation strategies. laboratory studies were made to examine the efficacy of ectomycorrhizae and soil cover to obviate the challenges of ethylene and methane. in the presence of ethylene concentrations </= 640 ppm the mean colony radial extension rates of the fungal isolates laccaria proxima, paxillus involutus and hebeloma crustuliniforme were comparable with the non-ethylene controls. h. crustuliniforme afforded no protec ... | 1994 | 15091739 |
| compatible and incompetent paxillus involutus isolates for ectomycorrhiza formation in vitro with poplar (populus x canescens) differ in h2o2 production. | isolates of paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. collected from different hosts and environmental conditions were screened for their ability to form ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with hybrid poplar p. x canescens (= populus tremula l. x p. alba) in vitro. the ability to form ectomycorrhiza varied between the fungal isolates and was not correlated with the growth rate of the fungi on agar-based medium. the isolate maj, which was capable of mycorrhiza synthesis under axenic conditions, and the incompetent ... | 2004 | 15095139 |
| effects of host plant exposure to cadmium on mycorrhizal infection and soluble carbohydrate levels of pinus sylvestris seedlings. | in a cd-contaminated environment, not only mature trees but also their seeds and young seedlings can be exposed to cd. cadmium taken up by young seedlings may influence mycorrhizal infection, which might in turn influence resistance to cd toxicity. in order to eliminate soil-mediated responses of mycorrhizal infection to cd, pinus sylvestris seedlings were exposed to cd prior to fungal inoculation and replanted to clean substrates with fungal inoculum. cadmium pretreatment reduced the proportion ... | 2004 | 15234095 |
| transcriptomic responses to cadmium in the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to heavy metals in general and cadmium in particular remain poorly understood. we screened 2040 arrayed cdnas of the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus to identify cadmium-responsive genes by using differential hybridization. forty nine (2.4%) of the 2040 cdnas were differentially expressed, among which transcripts coding a laccase, an aconitase, and a metallothionein were upregulated by 3.9-, 3.7- and 2.8-fold, res ... | 2004 | 15498573 |
| divergence in gene expression related to variation in host specificity of an ectomycorrhizal fungus. | ectomycorrhizae are formed by mutualistic interactions between fungi and the roots of woody plants. during symbiosis the two organisms exchange carbon and nutrients in a specific tissue that is formed at the contact between a compatible fungus and plant. there is considerable variation in the degree of host specificity among species and strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi. in this study, we have for the first time shown that this variation is associated with quantitative differences in gene express ... | 2004 | 15548293 |
| role of nutrient level and defoliation on symbiotic function: experimental evidence by tracing 14c/15n exchange in mycorrhizal birch seedlings. | high nutrient availability and defoliation generally reduce ectomycorrhizal colonization levels in trees, but it is not known how this affects the functional aspects of mycorrhizal symbiosis. it was therefore investigated whether (1) defoliation or increasing substrate n availability reduce c allocation from the plant to the fungus and n allocation from the fungus to the plant (symbiotic resource exchange), (2) symbiotic resource exchange depends on relative n and p availability, and (3) fungal ... | 2005 | 15558328 |
| cadmium-responsive thiols in the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the sustained metal tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi are largely unknown. some of the main mechanisms involved in metal detoxification appear to involve the chelation of metal ions in the cytosol with thiol-containing compounds, such as glutathione, phytochelatins, or metallothioneins. we used an improved high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous measurement of thiol-containing compounds from cysteine and its derivatives (ga ... | 2004 | 15574943 |
| identification of genes differentially expressed in extraradical mycelium and ectomycorrhizal roots during paxillus involutus-betula pendula ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. | the development of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis leads to drastic changes in gene expression in both partners. however, little is known about the spatial regulation of symbiosis-regulated genes. using cdna array profiling, we compared the levels of expression of fungal genes corresponding to approximately 1,200 expressed sequenced tags in the ectomycorrhizal root tips (ecm) and the connected extraradical mycelium (em) for the paxillus involutus-betula pendula ectomycorrhizal association grown on pea ... | 2005 | 15640212 |
| spatial patterns of gene expression in the extramatrical mycelium and mycorrhizal root tips formed by the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus in association with birch (betula pendula) seedlings in soil microcosms. | functional compartmentation of the extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi is considered important for the operation of ecm associations, although the molecular basis is poorly characterized. global gene expression profiles of mycelium colonizing an ammonium sulphate ((nh4)2so4) nutrient patch, rhizomorphs and ecm root tips of the betula pendula-paxillus involutus association were compared by cdna microarray analysis. the expression profiles of rhizomorphs and nutrient patch myceli ... | 2005 | 15998408 |
| global patterns of gene regulation associated with the development of ectomycorrhiza between birch (betula pendula roth.) and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. | the formation of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) root tissue is characterized by distinct morphological and developmental stages, such as preinfection and adhesion, mantle, and hartig net formation. the global pattern of gene expression during these stages in the birch (betula pendula)-paxillus involutus ecm association was analyzed using cdna microarrays. in comparison with nonsymbiotic conditions, 251 fungal (from a total of 1,075) and 138 plant (1,074 in total) genes were found to be differentially reg ... | 2005 | 16042012 |
| oribatid mite (acari, oribatida) feeding on ectomycorrhizal fungi. | the coexistence of a large number of soil animals without extensive niche differentiation is one of the great riddles in soil biology. the main aim of this study was to explore the importance of partitioning of food resources for the high diversity of micro-arthropods in soil. in addition, we investigated if ectomycorrhizal fungi are preferentially consumed compared to saprotrophic fungi. until today, ectomycorrhizal fungi have never been tested as potential food resource for oribatid mites. we ... | 2005 | 16133254 |
| nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase: a dispensable function in ectomycorrhizal fungi. | there is much controversy on the contribution of nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadp-gdh) in nh4+ assimilation in ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi and ectomycorrhizas. experiments reported here provide information on the dispensability of nadp-gdh in various ectomycorrhizal isolates. glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase (gs) enzyme activities were measured on mycelia grown under various nitrogen (n) conditions. the contribution of gdh in ammonium assimilation was further estimate ... | 2006 | 16390429 |
| ni2+ induces changes in the morphology of vacuoles, mitochondria and microtubules in paxillus involutus cells. | organelles of ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to respond to changes in the extracellular environment. the response of vacuoles, mitochondria and microtubules to short-term nickel (ni2+) exposure were investigated in hyphal tip cells of a paxillus involutus from a heavy metal-rich soil. vacuoles, mitochondria and microtubules were labelled with oregon green 488 carboxylic acid diacetate, 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (dioc6(3)) and anti-alpha-tubulin antibodies, respectively; hyphae were tre ... | 2006 | 16441762 |
| screening for rapidly evolving genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus using cdna microarrays. | we have examined the variations in gene content and sequence divergence that could be associated with symbiotic adaptations in the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus and the closely related species paxillus filamentosus. strains with various abilities to form mycorrhizae were analysed by comparative genomic hybridizations using a cdna microarray containing 1076 putative unique genes of p. involutus. to screen for genes diverging at an enhanced and presumably non-neutral rate, we implement ... | 2006 | 16448419 |
| changes in vacuolar and mitochondrial motility and tubularity in response to zinc in a paxillus involutus isolate from a zinc-rich soil. | short-term effects of zinc on organelles were investigated in paxillus involutus from a zinc-rich soil. vacuoles were labelled with oregon green 488 carboxylic acid and mitochondria with dioc(6)(3). hyphae were treated with znso(4) in the range 1-100 mm and examined by fluorescence microscopy. znso(4) caused loss of tubularity and motility in both organelles depending on concentration and exposure time. tubular vacuoles thickened after 15 min in 5 mm znso(4) and became spherical at higher concen ... | 2006 | 16504552 |
| organic anion exudation by ectomycorrhizal fungi and pinus sylvestris in response to nutrient deficiencies. | low molecular weight organic anions (lmwoa) can enhance weathering of mineral grains. we tested the hypothesis that ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi and tree seedlings increase their exudation of lmwoa when supply of magnesium, potassium and phosphorus is low to enhance the mobilization of mg, k and p from mineral grains. ectomycorrhizal fungi and pinus sylvestris seedlings were cultured in symbiosis and in isolation on glass beads with nutrient solution or with sand as a rooting medium, with a compl ... | 2006 | 16539612 |
| zinc phosphate transformations by the paxillus involutus/pine ectomycorrhizal association. | in this research, we investigate zinc phosphate transformations by paxillus involutus/pine ectomycorrhizas using zinc-resistant and zinc-sensitive strains of the ectomycorrhizal fungus under high- and low-phosphorus conditions to further understand fungal roles in the transformation of toxic metal minerals in the mycorrhizosphere. mesocosm experiments with ectomycorrhizas were performed under sterile conditions with zinc phosphate localized in cellophane bags: zinc and phosphorus mobilization an ... | 2006 | 16710792 |
| selected ectomycorrhizal fungi of black spruce (picea mariana) can detoxify phenolic compounds of kalmia angustifolia. | allelopathy has been implicated as a factor contributing toward failure of black spruce (picea mariana) regeneration in kalmia angustifolia-dominated sites in eastern canada. several phenolic acids of kalmia origin inhibit primary root growth of black spruce. we tested the hypothesis that some well-adapted conifer ectomycorrhizae can degrade and detoxify water-soluble phenolic compounds produced by kalmia and use the degraded products as a carbon source to stimulate growth. we found that hyphal ... | 2006 | 16718563 |
| ectomycorrhizal weathering of the soil minerals muscovite and hornblende. | ectomycorrhizal fungi are hypothesized to enhance mineral weathering in forest soils. several studies have shown an increased uptake of mineral-derived nutrients by trees when in symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal fungi. however, it is difficult to determine from these studies if the improved nutrient uptake is the result of increased weathering or better exploitation of the substrate by the ectomycorrhizal fungi. in a pot experiment, pinus sylvestris (scots pine) seedlings were grown with or withou ... | 2006 | 16918551 |
| types of ectomycorrhiza as pollution stress indicators: case studies in slovenia. | mycorrhiza is the main spatial and temporal linkage between different constituents in a forest ecosystem. the functional compatibility and stress tolerance of ectomycorrhizal types is species specific, and therefore the information on the ectomycorrhizal community structure can add to the understanding of processes in forest ecosystems and can also be applied as tools for bioindication of pollution stress in forest soils. we have studied the effects of pollution (n and s) on trees and forest soi ... | 2007 | 17057951 |
| paxillus involutus mycorrhiza attenuate nacl-stress responses in the salt-sensitive hybrid poplar populusxcanescens. | in order to characterise the effect of ectomycorrhiza on na+-responses of the salt-sensitive poplar hybrid populus x canescens, growth and stress responses of paxillus involutus (strain maj) were tested in liquid cultures in the presence of 20 to 500 mm nacl, and the effects of mycorrhization on mineral nutrient accumulation and oxidative stress were characterised in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal poplar seedlings exposed to 150 mm nacl. paxillus involutus was salt tolerant, showing biomass inc ... | 2007 | 17115201 |
| metal induction of a paxillus involutus metallothionein and its heterologous expression in hebeloma cylindrosporum. | * metallothioneins are small polypeptides involved in metal tolerance of many eukaryotes. here we characterized the pimt1 gene, coding for a metallothionein from the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. * expression of pimt1 in p. involutus under metal stress conditions was measured by northern blot and rt-pcr analyses. the full-length cdna was used to perform functional complementation in yeast mutant strains and agrotransformation of hebeloma cylindrosporum. * heterologous expression in ... | 2007 | 17335505 |
| evolution of nucleotide sequences and expression patterns of hydrophobin genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | hydrophobins are small, secreted proteins that play important roles in the development of pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. evolutionary mechanisms generating sequence and expression divergence among members in hydrophobin gene families are largely unknown. seven hydrophobin (hyd) genes and one hyd pseudogene were isolated from strains of the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. sequences were analysed using phylogenetic methods. expression profiles were inferred from microarray experiments. ... | 2007 | 17388902 |
| mercury and its bioconcentration factors in poison pax (paxillus involutus) from various sites in poland. | data are presented on total mercury content of poison pax from 14 sites across poland. mercury was measured by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (cv-aas) after nitric (mushrooms) and nitric/sulphuric (soil substrate) acid digestion of the samples. both the caps, stalks and whole fruiting bodies of poison pax exhibited mercury at relatively small concentration and for all sites the median values ranged from 0.01 to 0.10 microg/g dm (the caps) and from 0.01 to 0.10 microg/g dm (the stalks) ... | 2007 | 17616881 |
| selected elements of poison pax paxillus involutus. | concentrations of ag, al, ba, ca, cd, co, cu, cr, cs, fe, ga, hg, k, mg, mn, mo, na, ni, pb, rb, se, sb, sr, v, tl and zn have been determined in the whole fruiting bodies as well as separately in caps and stalks of poison pax collected from three geographically distant sites across poland. the elements were determined using icp-ms, icp-oes, hg-aas and cv-aas, respectively. based on arithmetic mean and median values for poison pax specimens from the lezno site the elements such as ag, co, cr, cs ... | 2007 | 17616889 |
| characterization and regulation of pidur3, a permease involved in the acquisition of urea by the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | urea, which is known to be a source of nitrogen for the growth of many organisms, represents an important fertilizer in forest soils. since most trees form symbiotic associations with ectomycorrhizal fungi, the capacities of these symbionts to take up and assimilate urea would determine the efficiency of urea nitrogen salvaging by plants. we showed that paxillusinvolutus, an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete, is capable of using urea as sole nitrogen source. we report the molecular characterization ... | 2008 | 18313954 |
| multiple gene genealogies and species recognition in the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. | paxillus involutus (basidiomycetes, boletales) is a common ectomycorrhizal fungus in the northern hemisphere. the fungus displays significant variation in phenotypic characters related to morphology, physiology, and ecology. previous studies have shown that p. involutus contains several intersterility groups and morphological species. in this study, we have used concordance of multiple gene genealogies to identify genetically isolated species of p. involutus. fragments from five protein coding g ... | 2008 | 18554888 |
| media formulation influences in vitro ectomycorrhizal synthesis on the european aspen populus tremula l. | the effect of various media formulations on in vitro ectomycorrhizal synthesis of identified fungal strains with european aspen (populus tremula l.) was tested in petri dishes. pre-grown seedlings were transferred to various nutrient media and inoculated with paxillus involutus isolates using modified sandwich techniques. mycorrhiza formation was evaluated macroscopically and further confirmed by microscopic examination of semi-thin sections for anatomical features of the mantle and the hartig n ... | 2008 | 18594875 |
| [determination of pleurotus ostreatus, pleurotus pulmonarius and paxillus involutus toxicity over artemia salina]. | we report the toxicity of ethanolic extracts in pleurotus ostreatus, pleurotus pulmonarius and paxillus involutus over that obtained in artemia salina. p. involutus showed the highest toxicity (lc50 = 94.4 microg/ml), similar to that detected using potassium dichromate pattern. p. pulmonarius and p. ostreatus did not show toxicity over a. salina in concentrations lower than 1,000 microg/ml. | 2008 | 18785792 |
| the significance of ectomycorrhizas in chemical quality of silver birch foliage and above-ground insect herbivore performance. | we tested whether the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) infection level of roots of silver birch (betula pendula) affects performance of above-ground insect herbivores by increasing available plant biomass, by enhancing availability of nutrients, or by modifying concentration of defense compounds, i.e., phenolics, in birch foliage. insect performance was determined for a phloem-feeding generalist (lygus rugulipennis, the european tarnished plant bug), a phloem-feeding specialist (calaphis flava, the birch a ... | 2008 | 18797972 |
| characterization of juvenile maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) ectomycorrhizal fungal community using morphotyping, direct sequencing and fruitbodies sampling. | using ectomycorrhizal root tip morphotyping (anatomical and morphological identification), molecular analysis (internal transcribed spacer region amplification and sequencing), and fruitbody sampling, we assessed diversity and composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community colonizing juvenile pinus pinaster ait. under natural conditions in nw spain. overall, we found 15 basidiomycetes and two ascomycetes. members of the family thelephoraceae represented up to 59.4% of the samples. the most ... | 2009 | 18972139 |
| effect of tree species and mycorrhizal colonization on the archaeal population of boreal forest rhizospheres. | group 1.1c crenarchaeota are the predominating archaeal group in acidic boreal forest soils. in this study, we show that the detection frequency of 1.1c crenarchaeotal 16s rrna genes in the rhizospheres of the boreal forest trees increased following colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. this effect was very clear in the fine roots of pinus sylvestris, picea abies, and betula pendula, the most common forest trees in finland. the nonmycorrhizal fine roots had a clearly dif ... | 2009 | 18978075 |
| variation in host specificity and gene content in strains from genetically isolated lineages of the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus s. lat. | ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to vary in host range. some fungi can enter into symbiosis with multiple plant species, while others have restricted host ranges. the aim of this study was to examine variation in host specificity among strains from the basidiomycete paxillus involutus s. lat. recent studies have shown that this fungus consists of at least four genetically isolated lineages, phylogenetic species (ps) i (which corresponds to the morphological species paxillus obscurosporus), ps ii ... | 2009 | 19452174 |
| characterisation of antioxidative systems in the ectomycorrhiza-building basidiomycete paxillus involutus (bartsch) fr. and its reaction to cadmium. | the effect of different cadmium (cd) concentrations (5, 50 and 500 microm) on growth, cd accumulation and antioxidative systems was studied in paxillus involutus, grown in liquid medium. cd was rapidly accumulated by p. involutus and resulted in growth inhibition within 24 h. antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), ec 1.15.1.1; catalase (cat), ec 1.11.1.6; monodehydroascorbate radical reductase (mdar), ec 1.6.5.4; dehydroascorbate reductase (dar) glutathione reductase (gr), ec 1.8.1.7 ... | 2002 | 19709295 |
| quantification of ectomycorrhizal mycelium in soil by real-time pcr compared to conventional quantification techniques. | mycelial biomass estimates in soils are usually obtained by measuring total hyphal length or by measuring the amount of fungal-specific biomarkers such as ergosterol and phospholipid fatty acids (plfas). these methods determine the biomass of the fungal community as a whole and do not allow species-specific identification. molecular methods based on the extraction of total soil dna and the use of genes as biomarkers enable identification of mycelia directly from the environment. three molecular ... | 2003 | 19719597 |
| elemental composition of ectomycorrhizal mycelia identified by pcr-rflp analysis and grown in contact with apatite or wood ash in forest soil. | abstract the aim of this study was to identify ectomycorrhizal species with a potential to release elements from apatite and wood ash and accumulate them in the mycelia. fungal rhizomorphs and mycelia were sampled from sand-filled mesh bags with or without amendment of apatite or wood ash. the mesh bags were buried in forest soil in the field for 13 or 24 months. elemental composition of the samples was analyzed with particle-induced x-ray emission and the fungus was identified by polymerase cha ... | 2003 | 19719651 |
| nested pcr detection of archaea in defined compartments of pine mycorrhizospheres developed in boreal forest humus microcosms. | archaea colonising defined compartments of scots pine suillus bovinus or paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres developed in forest humus-containing microcosms were investigated by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), cloning, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and sequencing. archaea representing six rflp groups were detected in the system. sequence analysis of clones representing the different rflp types confirmed the presence of novel finnish forest soil crenarchaeota. archaeal ... | 2003 | 19719676 |
| phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal interaction of lignin modified silver birch. | the monolignol biosynthetic pathway interconnects with the biosynthesis of other secondary phenolic metabolites, such as cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and condensed tannins. the objective of this study is to evaluate whether genetic modification of the monolignol pathway in silver birch (betula pendula roth.) would alter the metabolism of these phenolic compounds and how such alterations, if exist, would affect the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. | 2009 | 19788757 |