| yersiniosis in captive exotic mammals. | within a 2 1/2-month period, yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection occurred in 3 blesbok (damaliscus dorcas), 1 dik-dik (madoqua kirkii), and 1 giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) at the national zoological park, washington, dc. lesions consisted of fibrinonecrotic enteritis and peritonitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and embolic pyogranulomatous lesions in the liver, spleen, and lungs. feed contaminated with the feces of wild rats and pigeons was thought to be the source of infection. | 1977 | 336591 |
| identification of a bisegmented double-stranded rna virus (picobirnavirus) in faeces of giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | | 1999 | 10558845 |
| recurrent tongue tip constriction in a captive giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | a male giant anteater (myrmecophage tridactyla) was treated twice for tongue tip constrictions. clinical signs were partial anorexia, soft stool, bleeding from the mouth, and intermittent lingual discomfort. in the first presentation, wood fibers constricting the distal part of the tongue were detected by endoscopy and were removed. in the second presentation, bands of collagenous fibers were identified and resected. dietary elements were responsible for both cases: elongated wood fibers were pr ... | 2007 | 17469293 |
| ticks on captive and free-living wild animals in northeastern brazil. | from 2005 to 2009, 147 ticks found on 32 wild animals from or referred to two zoobotanical parks (parque zoobotânico arruda câmara and parque estadual dois irmãos) located in northeastern brazil were identified. ticks found on two veterinarians working in one of the parks (i.e., parque estadual dois irmãos), after return from forested areas within the park's territory, were also identified. the following tick-host associations were recorded: amblyomma fuscum neumann on boa constrictor l.; amblyo ... | 2010 | 19693679 |
| classical bile acids in animals, beta-phocaecholic acid in ducks. | 1. bile samples of different animals were analysed and the percentage content of classical bile acids was determined. 2. herbivorous birds mostly excreted a large proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid. 3. the anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) excreted deoxycholic acid most probably as a primary bile acid. 4. in the bile of ducks (anas platyrhynchos) a large amount of (23r)3 alpha, 7 alpha, 23-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid (beta-phocaecholic acid) was found. | 1989 | 2924542 |
| outbreak of pox disease among carnivora (felidae) and edentata. | an outbreak of pox disease in carnivora of the family felidae occurred in the moscow zoo. two forms of the disease were found: (1) fatal, fulminant pulmonary without skin lesions and (2) dermal with rash. the severity of the dermal form varied from subclinical to lethal. the pulmonary form was characterized by pneumonia and exudative pleuritis, and large concentrations of virus were observed in the lungs and exudate. in addition to carnivora of the family felidae, two giant anteaters had a sever ... | 1977 | 191538 |
| flea (pulex simulans) infestation in captive giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | a pair of captive adult giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla) presented heavily infested with a flea species (pulex simulans) commonly found on virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana) and raccoons (procyon lotor) in the central united states. in this case, the flea was demonstrated to have completed its entire life cycle with the anteaters as the host. a single treatment of topical imidacloprid, coupled with removal and replacement of infested bedding, was rapidly effective at controlling t ... | 2006 | 17319150 |
| tunga penetrans and further parasites in the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) from minas gerais, brazil. | the brazilian savannah-like area, the cerrado region, covers large areas of the country and provides a habitat for a multitude of different animal species. the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) is geographically widespread and one of the typical inhabitants of the cerrado. they are listed as vulnerable by the international union for conservation of nature and natural resources. a population loss of at least 30 % over the past 10 years has been estimated based on local extinctions, habitat ... | 2012 | 22814770 |
| serologic evidence of toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds and mammals from southeast brazil. | in this study, serum samples of 53 wild animals from two different states from the southeast region of brazil were analyzed for the presence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (mat), with a cut-off of 1: 5 for birds and of 1: 25 for mammals. out of the sampled animals, 27 were birds and 26 were mammals, and from this total, 83% (n = 44) were free-living animals. antibodies were found in 13 mammals, from which 11 were free-living animals, and in five birds, al ... | 2014 | 24712186 |
| morphology and innervation of the diaphragma of myrmecophaga tridactyla. | the diaphragma of 4 "myrmecophaga tridactyla" was described. the diaphragma follows the general pattern of edentata, but it has special features which make it possible to differentiate it from that of "bradypus tridactylus. | 2004 | 1805705 |
| Energy intake for maintenance in a mammal with a low basal metabolism, the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). | Giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) are among those mammals for which a particularly low metabolism has been reported. In order to verify presumably low requirements for energy, we used eight anteaters (two males, six females; aged 1-14 years; body mass between 46 and 64 kg) in a total of 64 individual trials, in which a variety of intake levels was achieved on various diets. Digestible energy (DE) intake was quantified by measuring food intake and faecal excretion and analysing representa ... | 2011 | 21895783 |
| Resource selection and its implications for wide-ranging mammals of the brazilian cerrado. | Conserving animals beyond protected areas is critical because even the largest reserves may be too small to maintain viable populations for many wide-ranging species. Identification of landscape features that will promote persistence of a diverse array of species is a high priority, particularly, for protected areas that reside in regions of otherwise extensive habitat loss. This is the case for Emas National Park, a small but important protected area located in the Brazilian Cerrado, the world' ... | 2011 | 22205984 |
| importance of xenarthrans in the eco-epidemiology of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | several pathogens that cause important zoonotic diseases have been frequently associated with armadillos and other xenarthrans. this mammal group typically has evolved on the south american continent and many of its extant species are seriously threatened with extinction. natural infection of armadillos with paracoccidioides brasiliensis in hyperendemic areas has provided a valuable opportunity for understanding the role of this mammal in the eco-epidemiology of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), one ... | 2009 | 19919716 |
| allometric scaling of chemical restraint associated with inhalant anesthesia in giant anteaters. | this study describes the use of allometric scaling in five giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla) submitted for osteosynthesis, gastrostomy, or treatment of burns. chemical restraint was performed by allometric scaling using the dog as a reference; acepromazine (0.06 mg/kg), diazepam (0.3 mg/kg), ketamine (8.8 mg/kg), and buprenorphine (5.9 microg/kg) were combined, and the animals were maintained under isoflurane anesthesia. heart rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, tempera ... | 2009 | 19395770 |
| dilated cardiomyopathy and amebic gastritis in a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | an approximately 11-mo-old female giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) exhibited anorexia, lethargy, hypothermia, depression, and minimal response to external stimuli. radiography and ultrasonography revealed an enlarged heart, with free gas and fluid in the abdomen. abdominocentesis produced a clear brown fluid with an acute to subacute septic suppurative exudate. cardiac ultrasonography revealed a dilated, thin-walled left ventricle with a comparatively low fractional shortening. despite i ... | 2002 | 12462495 |
| pelvic peritoneum in male armadillo and anteater (xenarthra, mammalia): a comparative survey. | the literature supports the hypothesis that the pelvic excavation is the bottom of the abdominal cavity, which is covered by the peritoneal serous membrane in order to promote visceral dynamics. we studied the peritoneum in eight specimens of xenarthra (euphractus sexcinctus, myrmecophaga tridactyla and tamandua tetradactyla). the animals were fixed in formaldehyde (10%). for description and analyzes of the pelvic peritoneum, dissection and photo documentation were performed. we saw that the par ... | 2013 | 23317367 |
| placentation in the anteaters myrmecophaga tridactyla and tamandua tetradactyla (eutheria, xenarthra). | since xenarthra are serious candidates for being basal to eutheria, their characteristics, e.g. the placental system, influence perceptions of evolution. however, in the subgroup containing the anteaters, data are very limited. the present study aims to elucidate the nature of the feto-maternal interface in the anteater placenta and to interpret these data within an evolutionary context. | 2012 | 23199198 |
| [vertebrate mortality in the guanare-guanarito road, portuguesa state, venezuela]. | roads directly or indirectly affect the structure, dynamics and function of ecosystems that they traverse. most studies on the effect of roads on wildlife focus on the evaluation of mortality of vertebrates by vehicle collisions. despite the extensive road network that exists in venezuela, studies of wildlife mortality in them are scarce. in this paper, we analyzed the temporal and spatial pattern of vertebrate's collisions along the road guanare-guanarito, in portuguesa state. we travelled 26 t ... | 2013 | 24432523 |
| neocortical neuron types in xenarthra and afrotheria: implications for brain evolution in mammals. | interpreting the evolution of neuronal types in the cerebral cortex of mammals requires information from a diversity of species. however, there is currently a paucity of data from the xenarthra and afrotheria, two major phylogenetic groups that diverged close to the base of the eutherian mammal adaptive radiation. in this study, we used immunohistochemistry to examine the distribution and morphology of neocortical neurons stained for nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein, calbindin, calretinin ... | 2009 | 19011898 |
| environmentally associated ticks (acari: ixodidae) in campo grande, mato grosso do sul, brazil. | herein, we report tick species found on wild and domestic animals and in the environment during a one-year sampling period at the brazilian farming research company beef cattle unit (embrapa beef cattle), which is located within the urban area of campo grande, mato grosso do sul, brazil. from 55 wild hosts including six different species (nasua nasua, cebus spp., cerdocyon thous, myrmecophaga tridactyla, tamandua tetradactyla and dasyprocta aguti), 323 ticks were collected. amblyomma ovale ticks ... | 2013 | 24252958 |
| identification of microsatellite dna markers for the giant anteater myrmecophaga tridactyla. | the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) is found from belize and guatemala to paraguay and argentina. its conservation status is considered vulnerable by iucn. here we report the isolation and characterization of six microsatellite loci. positive loci for (gt)(n) were isolated using a magnetic bead hybridization selection protocol. the number of alleles per locus as well as the heterozygosity and pcr conditions are described. these loci will be useful for studying population structure, gene ... | 2006 | 15994414 |
| genotyping of toxoplasma gondii and sarcocystis spp. in road-killed wild mammals from the central western region of the state of são paulo, brazil. | road-killed wild animals host zoonotic pathogens such as toxoplasma gondii, offering a new opportunity for the epidemiological study of these infectious organisms. | 2016 | 27812655 |
| molecular detection of leishmania spp. in road-killed wild mammals in the central western area of the state of são paulo, brazil. | road-killed wild animals have been classified as sentinels for detecting such zoonotic pathogens as leishmania spp., offering new opportunities for epidemiological studies of this infection. | 2014 | 24963288 |
| molecular identification of anaplasma marginale in two autochthonous south american wild species revealed an identical new genotype and its phylogenetic relationship with those of bovines. | anaplasma marginale is a well-known cattle pathogen of tropical and subtropical world regions. even though, this obligate intracellular bacterium has been reported in other host species different than bovine, it has never been documented in myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater) or hippocamelus antisense (taruca), which are two native endangered species. | 2016 | 27229471 |
| on a filarial parasite, deraiophoronema freitaslenti n.sp., from the giant anteater, myrmecophaga tridactyla from british guiana, and a proposed reclassification of dipetalonema and related genera. | | 1957 | 13441316 |
| semen characteristics and refrigeration in free-ranging giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) is considered vulnerable to extinction. scientific data on the reproductive parameters of this species are scarce. semen from eight free-ranging giant anteaters was collected to establish its characteristics and the effects of cooling and storage at 5 °c after dilution with the botucrio extender without cryoprotectant. the ejaculate presented two distinct sequential fractions, including a whitish fraction, which was milky and rich in sperm cells, and ... | 2015 | 26376226 |
| gait analysis in giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) with the use of a pressure-sensitive walkway. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic and temporospatial parameters of clinically healthy juvenile giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla) by using a pressure-sensing walkway. three free-ranging clinically healthy giant anteaters (m. tridactyla), two males and one female, aged 5-7 mo, were used. there was no statistically significant difference between the right and left sides for the kinetic and temporospatial parameters for both forelimbs and hind limbs. although the gait velocit ... | 2015 | 26056881 |
| effects of roads on the vertebrates diversity of the indigenous territory paresi and its surrounding. | roadkill impact is still underestimated due to the lack of knowledge of its intensity and effect on animal populations. to assess differences between animal roadkills on roads in distinct landscapes, this study recorded meso- and megavertebrate roadkills along 50 km during a year in two highways in the transitional area of amazonia/cerrado in tangará da serra, mato grosso: mt-358 and mt-235, the latter crossing the paresi indigenous land. we assessed roadkill rates and points with higher rates o ... | 2017 | 28614424 |
| effectiveness of scat-detection dogs in determining species presence in a tropical savanna landscape. | most protected areas are too small to sustain populations of wide-ranging mammals; thus, identification and conservation of high-quality habitat for those animals outside parks is often a high priority, particularly for regions where extensive land conversion is occurring. this is the case in the vicinity of emas national park, a small protected area in the brazilian cerrado. over the last 40 years the native vegetation surrounding the park has been converted to agriculture, but the region still ... | 2010 | 21029162 |
| influenza virus a (h1n1) in giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | in february 2007, an outbreak of respiratory disease occurred in a group of giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla) at the nashville zoo. isolates from 2 affected animals were identified in march 2007 as a type a influenza virus related to human influenza subtype h1n1. | 2009 | 19624924 |
| tracheostomy in the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | anesthesia in the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) may be complicated by apnea. although emergent orotracheal intubation may be possible in other species, the particular anatomy of the anteater prevents a smooth intubation. a technique, developed on a cadaver model, is described for a surgical approach to the trachea of the giant anteater that may be used to secure an airway in an anesthetized animal under emergent conditions. the approach is complicated by the presence of the large pair ... | 2008 | 19110713 |
| knuckle-walking anteater: a convergence test of adaptation for purported knuckle-walking features of african hominidae. | appeals to synapomorphic features of the wrist and hand in african apes, early hominins, and modern humans as evidence of knuckle-walking ancestry for the hominin lineage rely on accurate interpretations of those features as adaptations to knuckle-walking locomotion. because gorilla, pan, and homo share a relatively close common ancestor, the interpretation of such features is confounded somewhat by phylogeny. the study presented here examines the evolution of a similar locomotor regime in new w ... | 2005 | 15861420 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) on wild animals from the porto-primavera hydroelectric power station area, brazil. | from june 2000 to june 2001, a total of 741 ticks were collected from 51 free-living wild animals captured at the porto-primavera hydroelectric power station area, located alongside an approximately 180 km course of the paran river, between the states of s o paulo and mato grosso do sul, comprising 9 species of 3 genera: ambly-omma (7 species), boophilus (1) and anocentor (1). a total of 421 immature amblyomma ticks were reared in laboratory until the adult stage, allowing identification of the ... | 2003 | 12563479 |
| ticks associated with armadillo (euphractus sexcinctus) and anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) of emas national park, state of goias, brazil. | this study was conducted in october 1998 and november 1999 in the emas national park (131,868 ha), a savanna-type cerrado region situated in the far south of goias state, brazil, near the geographic center of south america (15 degrees -23 degrees s; 45 degrees -55 degrees w). animals were captured with the aid of nets and anesthetized (15 mg/kg ketamine + 1 mg/kg xylasine) in order to collect ticks for identification and to establish laboratory colonies. they included giant anteaters (myrmecopha ... | 2002 | 12381607 |
| clinical disorders observed in anteaters (myrmecophagidae, edentata) in captivity. | the major health problems found in 103 captive lesser anteaters (tamandua tetradactyla) and giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla), family myrmecophagidae, are presented and correlated with management. the most common of 200 recorded clinical disorders involved the digestive system (26%), nutritional deficiency (20%), injury (15.5%), respiratory system (10%), skin (7%) and circulatory system (4.5%), but 13% of the cases were inconclusive. parasites were identified in 48.5% of faecal samples, ... | 1995 | 8560755 |
| population structure and genetic diversity of the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla: myrmecophagidae, pilosa) in brazil. | the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla, pilosa, linnaeus 1758) belongs to the mammalian order pilosa and presents a large distribution along south america, occupying a great variety of habitats. it is listed in the iucn red list of threatened species as vulnerable. despite threatened, there is a lack of studies regarding its genetic variability. the aim of this study was to examine the genetic diversity and patterns of genetic structure within remaining populations. we analyzed 77 individua ... | 2017 | 28199447 |
| [topography of the organs of the pelvic cavity and macroscopic and histologic findings of the sex organs of a male giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) with regard to fertility]. | a study was conducted on the reproductive organs of a male giant anteater. discussed is the specific anatomy with its effect on fertility. the ovoid testicles are characterized by an intraabdominal position throughout life. histologically documented is the active spermiogenesis. the accessory sexual glands consist of a glandula prostatica, glandula vesiculares and glandulae bulbourethrales. the short penis is situated immediately ventral to the anus. the existing anatomic individualities in comp ... | 1991 | 2025213 |
| [topography of the blood vessels in the hilum of the kidney of myrmecophaga tridactyla]. | the study was undertaken in 10 formol-imbibed kidneys of great anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). after the dissection the following characteristics were showed: kidney blood vessels are distributed in 2 different sites, namely hilar and extrahilar, amounting 3 to 6 in the right side 3 to 7 in the left side. arterial branches in extrahilar region range from 1 to 2 in both sides and in hilar region they present from 1 to 4 in the right and 1 to 2 in the left. venous roots occur in 1 to 2 vessels ... | 1991 | 1952090 |
| acanthocefalan eggs in animal coprolites from archaeological sites from brazil. | an important point in paleoparasitology is the correct diagnosis of the origin of coprolites found in archaeological sites. the identification of human and animal coprolites, through the study of the shape, size, characteristics after rehydration, alimentary contents, and the presence of parasites, has proved to be accurate for human coprolites. for non-human ones we compared coprolites with recent faeces of animals collected near the archaeological sites, following the methodology above mention ... | 1989 | 2635750 |
| morphological and molecular identification of tetratrichomonas flagellates from the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | a tetratrichomonad flagellate found in the diarrhoeic faeces of a 5 years-old male giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) was characterised by morphological and genetic analysis. this protozoan presents four anterior flagella of unequal length and a recurrent flagellum attached to the undulating membrane without a free end portion, and a broad axostyle projection. numerous vacuoles of different sizes containing bacteria and digestion products were found. the complete sequence of the dna coding ... | 2013 | 23465778 |
| lateral-spined schistosome ova in a great anteater, myrmecophaga tridactyla l. (edentata), from surinam. | | 1962 | 13973892 |
| [species of the genus eimeria (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) in giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla linnaeus, 1758) in captivity]. | the parasitism of the two giant anteaters adults (myrmecophaga tridactyla), one male and one female, infected naturally with eimeria escomeli, e. tamanduae e e. marajoensis was related in the present research. in e. escomeli oocysts were 23.9 +/- 1.89 by 19.7 +/- 1.60 microm and its sporocysts were 11.47 +/- 1.25 by 6.48 +/- 0.80 microm. in e. tamanduae oocysts were 23.52 +/- 0.95 by 20.59 +/- 0.92 microm and its sporocysts were 12.19 +/- 0.65 by 7.15 +/- 0.55 microm. in e. marajoensis oocysts w ... | 2007 | 16646999 |
| trend toward individualization of the endocrine and exocrine portions of the giant anteater pancreas (myrmecophaga tridactyla, xenarthra). | considering the physiological importance of the pancreas as an endocrine and exocrine organ, this study described the characteristics of the gross and microscopic morphology of this organ using 16 myrmecophaga tridactyla individuals. the pancreas was located in the left antimere of the body, was pale in colour and exhibited an elongated shape with a central body and lobulated surface. it was positioned in the abdomen, following the curvatura ventriculi major of the stomach, and was attached to t ... | 2017 | 27788285 |
| gross anatomy and surgical approach to the humeral shaft in giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | anteater forelimbs are distinguished morphologically from domestic animals, especially due to their unique movement and their natural habits. a knowledge of the pectoral limb anatomy and the proper surgical approach are fundamental to success in osteosynthesis and other surgeries. this study aimed to describe the muscles and neurovascular structures of the pectoral limb and the surgical approach to the humeral shaft of the giant anteater ( myrmecophaga tridactyla ). dissections of the forelimbs ... | 2016 | 27691952 |
| report of a new human death caused by a giant anteater in brazil. | | 2016 | 27567456 |
| skeletal morphology of the forelimb of myrmecophaga tridactyla. | anteater forelimbs are morphologically adapted to obtain food and to provide defense and locomotion. four species are known, but there are few anatomical studies presenting the morphologic features of each species. the aim of this study was to describe the skeletal morphology of the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) forelimb. pictures and schematic drawings of six cadavers were created to show the bone morphology. in addition, radiographs and computed tomographs were obtained. the skeleta ... | 2015 | 26667527 |
| fecal estrogen, progestagen and glucocorticoid metabolites during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla): evidence for delayed implantation. | declining numbers of wild giant anteaters highlight the importance of sustainable captive populations. unfortunately, captive reproductive management is limited by the lack of external physical indicators of female reproductive status and the aggressive behavior of males. we examined the endocrinology of the estrous cycle and pregnancy, and whether delayed implantation is a gestational strategy for giant anteaters as described for other xenarthrans. | 2013 | 23981950 |
| gross anatomy of the brachial plexus in the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | ten forelimbs of five myrmecophaga tridactyla were examined to study the anatomy of the brachial plexus. the brachial plexuses of the m. tridactyla observed in the present study were formed by the ventral rami of the last four cervical spinal nerves, c5 through c8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, t1. these primary roots joined to form two trunks: a cranial trunk comprising ventral rami from c5-c7 and a caudal trunk receiving ventral rami from c8-t1. the nerves originated from these trunks a ... | 2014 | 23952693 |
| human death caused by a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) in brazil. | the fatal outcome of a defensive attack by a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) is reported. the attack occurred while the victim was hunting, and his dogs cornered the adult anteater, which assumed an erect, threatening position. the hunter did not fire his rifle because of concern about accidentally shooting his dogs. he approached the animal armed with a knife, but was grabbed by its forelimbs. when his sons freed him, he had puncture wounds and severe bleeding in the left inguinal regi ... | 2014 | 25027752 |
| multicentric lymphoma in a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | neoplastic disease is not well documented in giant anteaters. this report describes a disseminated lymphoma in an adult male giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) from the city zoo of curitiba, state of paraná, brazil. no clinical signs were noticed before its death, except for a slight inappetence. at postmortem examination, pale white to yellow, variably sized nodules infiltrated the heart, liver, and intestinal lymph nodes. histologically, two distinct cell populations were present in the ... | 2013 | 23505725 |
| digestive physiology of captive giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla): determinants of faecal dry matter content. | giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla) are specialized insectivores and consume mainly ants and termites in the wild. in captivity, giant anteaters are either fed a complete diet, or a combination of a domestic carnivore diet with leaf eater pellets, or a traditional gruel-type diet. soft faeces are a frequently encountered problem with this type of feeding. in the present study, we analysed diet and faeces composition, calculated digestibility and measured mean retention time on various diet ... | 2015 | 25041215 |
| the giant anteater in the room: brazil's neglected tropical diseases problem. | | 2008 | 18327292 |
| environmental factors influencing the abundance of four species of threatened mammals in degraded habitats in the eastern brazilian amazon. | on the latest 60 years the degradation and fragmentation of native habitats have been modifying the landscape in the eastern brazilian amazon. the adaptive plasticity of an organism has been crucial for its long-term survival and success in these novel ecosystems. in this study, we investigated the response of four endangered species of large terrestrial mammals to the variations in the quality of their original habitats, in a context of high anthropogenic pressure. the distribution of the myrme ... | 2020 | 32101578 |
| three-dimensional ct examination of the mastication system in the giant anteater. | the gross anatomy of the mastication system of the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) was examined by means of three-dimensional image analysis. the anteater rotates the mandibles medially and laterally to control its tongue when it is elongated and to house it when it is relaxed. three-dimensional ct image analysis demonstrated that the shape and size of the oral cavity changes drastically when the mandibles are rotated. the oral cavity expands bilaterally when the dorsal part of the mand ... | 2007 | 18088164 |
| myrsines: a novel sine family in the anteater genomes. | recent rapid generation of genomic sequence data has allowed many researchers to perform comparative analyses in various mammalian species. however, characterization of transposable elements, such as short interspersed repetitive elements (sines), has not been reported for several mammalian groups. because sines occupy a large portion of the mammalian genome, they are believed to have contributed to the constitution and diversification of the host genomes during evolution. in the present study, ... | 2007 | 17628355 |
| monitoring ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) by faecal progestagen and oestrogen analysis. | oestrogen and progestagen metabolites were measured in the faeces of five female giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla), to characterise the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. faecal samples were collected twice weekly for a minimum of 6 months, and immunoreactive progestagens and oestrogens were analysed using enzyme immunoassays (eia). for progestagens, two antibodies that cross-reacted with 20alpha-hydroxy- or 20-oxo-progestagens were used. both assays effectively monitored ovarian cyclicity; h ... | 1998 | 9835377 |
| lectin histochemistry of salivary glands in the giant ant-eater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | the submandibular and buccal glands of the giant ant-eater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) have been studied by means of a series of carbohydrate histochemical methods, including a broad spectrum of po-lectin procedures. the seromucous cells (gl. submandibularis) and mucous cells (gl. buccalis) of the glandular acini, as well as the secretion in the excretory duct system exhibited very strong to strong reactions for neutral and acidic glycoconjugates. the serous cells of the buccal glands and the excr ... | 1993 | 8490258 |
| first record of giant anteater (xenarthra, myrmecophagidae) in north america. | a right metacarpal iii represents the first north american record of the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). recovered in northwestern sonora, mexico, with a rich vertebrate fauna of early pleistocene (irvingtonian) age, it belongs to a cohort of large mammals that dispersed from south america to north america along a savanna corridor. presumably habitat and climatic changes have subsequently driven this mammalian family more than 3000 kilometers back into central america from its former e ... | 1987 | 17789783 |
| olfactory discrimination in the giant anteater. | | 1967 | 6034260 |
| in-house monitoring of steroid hormone metabolites in urine informs breeding management of a giant anteater (myrmechophaga tridactyla). | although numbers of giant anteaters within north american facilities have been steadily increasing for the last 15 years, the population now exhibits an unstable age distribution with genetically valuable individuals nearing reproductive senescence. contributing to this issue is the association of zoos and aquariums (aza) described lack of standardization of breeding introduction practices and high risk of female injury occurring during such pairings. this report describes the development of a s ... | 2018 | 29399864 |
| non-volant mammals from the upper paraná river basin: a data set from a critical region for conservation in brazil. | the data set represents the first attempt at a large-scale inventory of non-volant mammals, with potential applications to performing macroecological studies, developing conservation strategies, and undertaking population and community ecology research, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation and defaunation. our objectives for compiling these data were to summarize information about inventories of non-volant mammals in the critically important area of the upper paraná ... | 2018 | 29341115 |
| serial ultrasound to estimate fetal growth curves in southern tamandua (tamandua tetradactyla). | from 2012 to 2015, 16 pregnancies were monitored by ultrasonography in nine tamanduas ( tamandua tetradactyla ) housed in three zoological facilities. sonographic measurements were recorded to establish fetal growth curves using thoracic and skull landmarks described for giant anteaters ( myrmecophaga tridactyla ). all pregnancies resulted in the uncomplicated delivery of healthy offspring, thus gestational development was considered normal. these data may be used as a reference for normal fetal ... | 2017 | 28749295 |
| effect of increasing taurine and methionine supplementation on urinary taurine excretion in a model insectivore, the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | the giant anteater (mymercophaga tridactyla) is a highly specialized insectivore for which nutrient requirements are not clearly established, making diet formulation challenging for this species. multiple clinical reports suggest anteaters have an obligate dietary taurine (tau) requirement. sulphur amino acid (saa) metabolism in adult anteaters was evaluated using noninvasive methods to measure tau synthesis potential from dietary methionine (met) and a basal diet containing on a dry matter (dm) ... | 2018 | 28612434 |
| effectiveness of panama as an intercontinental land bridge for large mammals. | habitat fragmentation is a primary driver of wildlife loss, and establishment of biological corridors is a common strategy to mitigate this problem. a flagship example is the mesoamerican biological corridor (mbc), which aims to connect protected forest areas between mexico and panama to allow dispersal and gene flow of forest organisms. because forests across central america have continued to degrade, the functioning of the mbc has been questioned, but reliable estimates of species occurrence w ... | 2020 | 31385631 |
| sound at the zoo: using animal monitoring, sound measurement, and noise reduction in zoo animal management. | a clear need for evidence-based animal management in zoos and aquariums has been expressed by industry leaders. here, we show how individual animal welfare monitoring can be combined with measurement of environmental conditions to inform science-based animal management decisions. over the last several years, disney's animal kingdom® has been undergoing significant construction and exhibit renovation, warranting institution-wide animal welfare monitoring. animal care and science staff developed a ... | 2017 | 28543739 |
| quantitative analysis of forebrain pallial morphology in monotremes and comparison with that in therians. | we have made quantitative volumetric analyses of cerebral cortical (pallial) structures in the brains of three species of monotreme (ornithorhynchus anatinus, tachyglossus aculeatus, zaglossus bruijni) and compared the findings with similar measurements in a range of therian mammals (6 marsupials and 50 placentals). we have found that although the iso- and periallocortical grey matter volume of the monotremes is about what would be expected for their brain size, the proportion of iso- and perial ... | 2019 | 31146906 |
| epidemiological study of ticks collected from the northern tamandua (tamandua mexicana) and a literature review of ticks of myrmecophagidae anteaters. | the family myrmecophagidae contains three anteater species: tamandua mexicana (saussure, 1860), tamandua tetradactyla (linnaeus, 1758) and myrmecophaga tridactyla (linnaeus, 1758). these american anteater species currently face many conservation threats, among which road traffic accidents stand out. parasitic studies on this family are scarce, and some of them include records of ectoparasites. specifically for northern tamandua (t. mexicana), there is a lack of studies at population level. the o ... | 2019 | 31231044 |
| identification and characterization of satellite dnas in two-toed sloths of the genus choloepus (megalonychidae, xenarthra). | choloepus, the only extant genus of the megalonychidae family, is composed of two living species of two-toed sloths: choloepus didactylus and c. hoffmanni. in this work, we identified and characterized the main satellite dnas (satdnas) in the sequenced genomes of these two species. satcho1, the most abundant satdna in both species, is composed of 117 bp tandem repeat sequences. the second most abundant satdna, satcho2, is composed ofโ~โ2292 bp tandem repeats. fluorescence in situ hybridization i ... | 2020 | 33154538 |
| brain anatomy of two-toed sloth (choloepus didactylus, linnaeus, 1758): a comparative gross anatomical study of extant xenarthrans. | the neural system plays an important role in understanding some features of animals. anatomical complexity correlates with the increase of functional capacity. xenarthrans include anteaters (vermilingua), armadillos (cingulata) and sloths (folivora). this group is the base of eutherian mammals, and understanding the anatomy of its neural system could provide data for functional and evolutionary interpretations. the gross anatomy of the xenarthran brain is recorded. four extant families of pilosa ... | 2020 | 31588601 |
| macronutrient composition of longitudinal milk samples from captive aardvarks (orycteropus afer). | hand-rearing and assisted-rearing aardvarks in captivity has become commonplace and has led to success in breeding the species. however, the macronutrient content of aardvark milk past 1 month of age is unknown. a better understanding of aardvark milk composition would enhance captive management efforts. here, we assayed milk samples from two captive individuals from 2 to 114 days postpartum (nโ=โ21) for dry matter, fat, crude protein, total sugar, ash (total minerals), calcium (ca), phosphorus ... | 2019 | 31267587 |
| the tmj disc is a common ancestral feature in all mammals, as evidenced by the presence of a rudimentary disc during monotreme development. | the novel mammalian jaw joint, known in humans as the temporomandibular joint or tmj, is cushioned by a fibrocartilage disc. this disc is secondarily absent in therian mammals that have lost their dentition, such as giant anteaters and some baleen whales. the disc is also absent in all monotremes. however, it is not known if the absence in monotremes is secondary to the loss of dentition, or if it is an ancestral absence. we use museum held platypus and echidna histological sections to demonstra ... | 2020 | 32509783 |
| influenza virus: a brief overview. | influenza is a major public health concern, infecting 5-15% of the global population annually. influenza virus belongs to family orthomyxoviridae, and has three types a, b and c. infection by influenza virus a is most common and severe, generally found in humans. it spreads rapidly and affects human population across large geographical region within short period of time with varying degree of pathology from mild to severe. wild aquatic birds and other animal species like birds, pigs, ferret, hor ... | 2012 | 32288055 |
| high school students' knowledge of endangered fauna in the brazilian cerrado: a cross-species and spatial analysis. | the ability of high school students to know endangered species can vary among species (e.g., large body size can influence people's interest) or among municipalities (e.g., more contact with biodiversity can influence people's interest). thus, in the present paper, we evaluated high school students' knowledge about the endangered and non-endangered mammalian species of the brazilian cerrado. we tested whether the recognition of the endangered and non-endangered species varied in a cross-species ... | 2019 | 31022258 |
| ontogenetic criteria to distinguish vertebral types on the debated xenarthran synsacrum. | the presence of a synsacrum formed by the fusion of vertebrae that come into closed contact with the ilium and ischium is a feature that characterizes the clade xenarthra. nevertheless, the proper identity of each vertebral element that forms it is a matter of discussion. in this article, we provide ontogenetic information about skeletal ossification of the xenarthran synsacrum and define the position of the sacrocaudal limit within it. we analyzed the synsacrum of 25 specimens of nonadult and 1 ... | 2015 | 25503782 |
| hypervitaminosis d in a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) and a large hairy armadillo (chaetophractus villosus) receiving a commercial insectivore diet. | hypervitaminosis d was diagnosed in a giant anteater (myromecophaga tridactyla) and a large hairy armadillo (chaetophractus villosus) being fed a commercial insectivore diet. clinical findings included weight loss, reduced appetite, vomiting, and suspected abdominal discomfort. hypercalcemia (3.68 and 2.04 mmol/l total and ionized calcium, respectively) was detected in the anteater, and plasma 25(oh)d levels were measured and found to be 808.7 and 379.4 nmol/l for the anteater and armadillo, res ... | 2020 | 32212572 |
| morphology of the tongue of vermilingua (xenarthra: pilosa) and evolutionary considerations. | the tongue of anteaters (xenarthra, pilosa, vermilingua) is a highly specialized for myrmecophagy. here, we describe the topography and histology of the tongue, and compare it to that of other xenarthrans and other myrmecophagous eutherian mammals. the tongue of vermilingua is long and slender, with an apical protuberance, which differs between myrmecophagidae and cyclopes didactylus. in the former, the rostral region is conical, and in the latter, it is dorsoventrally compressed, as observed in ... | 2017 | 28643449 |
| neotropical xenarthrans: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the neotropics. | xenarthrans-anteaters, sloths, and armadillos-have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. the neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. our data set includes the families chlamy ... | 2019 | 31013542 |
| successful treatment of clinical orthopoxvirus infection in a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | an anorexic 5-yr-old female giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) developed multifocal ulcerative and vesicular lesions affecting the rostrum, oral cavity, and tongue. disseminated skin lesions were also found on the body, affecting the feet, flanks, and genital area. polymerase chain reaction confirmed a systemic viremic orthopoxvirus infection. cowpox virus was considered to be the only likely etiological agent. intensive supportive treatment, including daily fluid therapy, force-feeding, a ... | 2020 | 32212566 |
| first report of a canine morbillivirus infection in a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) in brazil. | canine morbillivirus, also known as canine distemper virus (cdv), induces a contagious multisystemic disease caused by an enveloped rna virus belonging to the genus morbillivirus within the family paramyxoviridae. cdv replicates readily in epithelial, nerve and lymphoid tissues; it is excreted in urine, feces, saliva, oral and nasal discharge; and its major route of entry for infection is through the respiratory system. although the virus was originally believed to infect domestic dogs, new stud ... | 2020 | 32023667 |
| first isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii in a free-living giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) revealed a unique non-archetypal genotype. | the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii can infect virtually all warm-blooded animals worldwide but little is known of its infection in the endangered giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla). the present study found antibodies to t. gondii in 13 of 23 free-living m. tridactyla from the northwest region of são paulo state, brazil, by the modified agglutination test (mat, cut-off titer 1:25). unfrozen tissues of seven m. tridactyla were bioassayed in mice and viable t. gondii (strain designated ... | 2020 | 31926913 |
| new morphological and genetic data of gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (diesing, 1851) (acanthocephala: archiacanthocephala) in the giant anteater myrmecophaga tridactyla linnaeus, 1758 (pilosa: myrmecophagidae). | gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (diesing, 1851) is a parasite of anteaters in south america. although described by diesing in 1851, there is still a lack of taxonomic and phylogenetic information regarding this species. in the present study, we redescribe g. echinodiscus collected from a giant anteater, myrmecophaga tridactyla linnaeus, 1758, from the brazilian cerrado (savannah) in the state of são paulo by light and scanning electron microscopy. in addition, phylogenies were inferred from partial ... | 2019 | 31867208 |
| linking global drivers of agricultural trade to on-the-ground impacts on biodiversity. | consumption of globally traded agricultural commodities like soy and palm oil is one of the primary causes of deforestation and biodiversity loss in some of the world's most species-rich ecosystems. however, the complexity of global supply chains has confounded efforts to reduce impacts. companies and governments with sustainability commitments struggle to understand their own sourcing patterns, while the activities of more unscrupulous actors are conveniently masked by the opacity of global tra ... | 2019 | 31659031 |
| draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant ctx-m-65-producing escherichia coli st156 colonizing a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) in a zoo. | this study aimed to report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant (mdr) escherichia coli colonizing a giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) in a brazilian zoo. | 2019 | 30877057 |
| tunga penetrans in giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) from argentina. | tunga penetrans (siphonaptera, tungidae) is a flea that infests humans and a variety of domestic and wild animals. burrowing of the female flea under the skin causes tungiasis, a disease that manifests in skin lesions that if untreated, can progress to severe complications. in this paper, we report the first case of t. penetrans in a wild giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) from argentina. we describe the lesions and discuss the potential role of the giant anteater as a host or reservoir fo ... | 2017 | 31014605 |
| land management strategies can increase oil palm plantation use by some terrestrial mammals in colombia. | while the conservation role of remaining natural habitats in anthropogenic landscapes is clear, the degree to which agricultural matrices impose limitations to animal use is not well understood, but vital to assess species' resilience to land use change. using an occupancy framework, we evaluated how oil palm plantations affect the occurrence and habitat use of terrestrial mammals in the colombian llanos. further, we evaluated the effect of undergrowth vegetation and proximity to forest on habit ... | 2019 | 31127172 |
| comparative masticatory myology in anteaters and its implications for interpreting morphological convergence in myrmecophagous placentals. | ecological adaptations of mammals are reflected in the morphological diversity of their feeding apparatus, which includes differences in tooth crown morphologies, variation in snout size, or changes in muscles of the feeding apparatus. the adaptability of their feeding apparatus allowed them to optimize resource exploitation in a wide range of habitats. the combination of computer-assisted x-ray microtomography (µ-ct) with contrast-enhancing staining protocols has bolstered the reconstruction of ... | 2020 | 32983632 |
| ticks and rickettsia on anteaters from southeast and central-west brazil. | the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) and the collared anteater (tamandua tetradactyla) are widespread in brazil and found in all brazilian biomes. these hosts frequently use domestic animal environments such as pastures, where tick and related microorganism interchange may occur between hosts. reports of tick infestations of these animals are scattered and refer to small samples and/or are geographically restricted. we herein present data on a wide geographic distribution of ticks and th ... | 2019 | 30709660 |
| biomonitoring mercury contamination using fur from roadkilled giant anteaters. | the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) can occur in both preserved and anthropogenic environments in brazilian biomes. the cerrado biome, where the samples were collected, is considered one of the world's biodiversity hotspots; however, a large part of it has been converted to pasture and agricultural land. in this environment, animals may be exposed to contaminants, such as mercury (hg). despite its immense biodiversity, there are few studies investigating hg contamination in terrestrial ... | 2020 | 33121800 |
| space use by giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla) in a protected area within human-modified landscape. | spatial ecology data are essential for conservation purposes, especially when extinction risk is influenced by anthropogenic actions. space use can reveal how individuals use the habitat, how they organize in space, and which components are key resources for the species.we evaluated the space use and multiscale habitat selection of giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla), a vulnerable neotropical mammal, in a cerrado site within a human-modified landscape in southeastern brazil.we used gps tra ... | 2020 | 32788955 |
| heart structure and coronary blood supply of the giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla). | the structure of the heart and the coronary blood supply of wild mammals, including that of threatened species, are poorly understood. this study set out to describe the heart, aortic arch branching and coronary distribution of myrmecophaga tridactyla, and to compare it with anatomical descriptions of other xenarthra given elsewhere. eight adult giant anteater cadaveric specimens were used in this study. morphological features of the heart and coronary blood supply were examined using gross diss ... | 2020 | 32686854 |