| [parasitosis and zoonosis in mice and rats caught in and around beytepe village (author's transl)]. | this helmintho-zoonotic investigation has been made on 106 mice and rats from different species caught in and around of beytepe village, these animals are reservoirs for a number of zoonotic parasites and most of these parasites are causative agents of zoonosis in man. the parasites found and their prevalences are; sphacia obvelata: 42.4%, sphacia muris: 28.3%, aspicularis tetraptera: 14.1%, ascaris lumbricoides (pseudo.) 2.8%, gongylonema neoplasticum: 1.8% trichuris muris: 6.6%, capillaria gas ... | 1979 | 553997 |
| impairment of primary expulsion of trichuris muris in mice concurrently infected with nematospiroides dubius. | primary immune expulsion of trichuris muris was markedly delayed by concurrent infection with nematospiroides dubius. maximum delay of expulsion was dependent on size and timing of n. dubius infection relative to t. muris infection. in nih mice infection with 400 n. dubius larvae immediately before or after t. muris infection was found to be most effective in suppressing expulsion. infection on day 8 of t. muris infection, when mice are sensitized to t. muris, also impaired expulsion. from this ... | 1977 | 593729 |
| structure and function of the male copulatory apparatus of the nematodes capillaria hepatica and trichuris muris. | | 1978 | 657021 |
| the morphology of the attachment and probable feeding site of the nematode trichuris muris (schrank, 1788) hall, 1916. | | 1978 | 737601 |
| changes in the bacterial cecal flora of mice infected with trichuris muris (schrank, 1788). | cecal microorganisms of mice were categorized and enumerated weekly during the developmental cycle of infection with the whipworm, trichuris muris. the cecal bacterial population consisted of escherichia coli, proteus spp, acinetobacter lwoffi (mima polymorpha), aerobic lactobacilli, staphylococci, enterococci, and anaerobes (bacteroides, streptococci, and lactobacilli) in control and t. muris-infected mice. the aerobic lactobacilli and the anaerobes constituted the greatest number of organisms ... | 1976 | 1019388 |
| immune expulsion of trichuris muris from mice during a primary infection: analysis of the components involved. | immune serum accelerated the expulsion of trichuris muris when transferred into normal mice on days 0 and 3 after infection, but had no effect when the recipient mice had been immunosuppressed by sublethal irradiation or by cortisone treatment. delaying serum transfer until days 7 and 8 in normal mice failed to accelerate expulsion, although immune mesenteric lymph node cells (mlnc) accelerated expulsion whether transferred early or late in infection. expulsion from nih mice, normally complete b ... | 1975 | 1134832 |
| genetic control of immune responses to parasites: immunity to trichuris muris in inbred and random-bred strains of mice. | a comparison has been made of the responses of random-bred cflp and inbred nih mice to infection with trichuris muris. random-bred mice showed greater variation in worm burdens and less uniformity in worm expulsion. irradiation prior to infection reduced variation, but did not increase the mean level of infection above that shown by the most susceptible unirradiated mice. in nih mice, however, irradiation raised the level of infection in all mice. the factors responsible for variation between cf ... | 1975 | 1178220 |
| genetic control of immune responses to parasites: selection for responsiveness and non-responsiveness to trichuris muris in random-bred mice. | populations of schofield strain, random-bred mice were shown to have a bimodal variation in ability to bring about immune expulsion of the nematode trichuris muris. this variation was genetically determined and independent of the size of infection experienced. the proportion of mice unable to achieve worm expulsion (non-responders) was relatively constant in various populations of the strain but was increased by selective breeding from mice of known status. crosses made between non-responder and ... | 1975 | 1202412 |
| suppression of the immune response to trichuris muris in lactating mice. | mice infected with trichuris muris during lactation were unable to expel the infection at the normal time, but expulsion occurred when lactation was terminated. suppression of expulsion was uniform in mice suckling more than five young but variable with smaller litters. mice exposed to a primary infection while lactating were shown to have serum antibodies capable of passively transferring immunity to recipient mice and showed near normal immunity to a secondary infection given after lactation h ... | 1975 | 1237117 |
| trichuris muris: effect of concurrent infections with rodent piroplasms on immune expulsion from mice. | | 1976 | 1253888 |
| immune expulsion of trichuris muris from resistant mice: suppression by irradiation and restoration by transfer of lymphoid cells. | lethal irradiation (850 rads) of mice made resistant to trichuris muris markedly depressed their ability to expel a challenge infection. expulsion was restored within 7-10 days when mlnc from uninfected mice were transferred on the day of infection, but no significant restoration was evident after transfer of immune serum. transfer of bm alone had no restorative effect within 10 days and no synergism was seen when both bm and mlnc were transferred. mlnc from uninfected donors did not restore cha ... | 1976 | 1256909 |
| modulation of cytokine production and response phenotypes in murine trichuriasis. | balb/k mice are usually resistant to infection with the intestinal nematode parasite trichuris muris and exhibit a th2 dominated (il-5, il-9) response. conversely in b10.br mice, which are unable to expel t. muris, th1 type (ifn-gamma producing) cells predominate. we have manipulated the course of infection in these two strains of mice such that the period of host-parasite contact is extended in the former and curtailed in the latter. extension of host-parasite contact in balb/k mice beyond norm ... | 1992 | 1437236 |
| protein content of cba/ca mouse diet: relationship with host antibody responses and the population dynamics of trichuris muris (nematoda) in repeated infection. | the influence of host dietary protein on acquired immunity and intestinal helminth population dynamics during repeated infection was studied using the mouse-trichuris muris experimental model. cba/ca mice fed a 2% (by mass) protein diet ad libitum maintained body weight during the experiment, but when fed diets containing either 4% or 16% (by mass) protein gained weight steadily. infection with t. muris did not affect the growth of the latter mice but significantly reduced the growth of animals ... | 1992 | 1437271 |
| cellular immune responses to the murine nematode parasite trichuris muris. ii. differential induction of th-cell subsets in resistant versus susceptible mice. | we have analysed the production of a wide variety of cytokines by in vitro concanavalin a (con a) stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells (mlnc) from strains of mice experiencing chronic (b10.br, akr) versus acute (balb/k) infection with the nematode parasite trichuris muris. mlnc from infected balb/k mice produced elevated levels of the th2-specific cytokines interleukin-5 (il-5) and il-9. il-3 and il-4 remained at or just above normal. interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) (a th1-type cytokine) was secr ... | 1992 | 1532377 |
| nutrition, immunity and helminth infection: effect of dietary protein on the dynamics of the primary antibody response to trichuris muris (nematoda) in cba/ca mice. | the effect of dietary protein on the specific antibody responses (total immunoglobulins, igg1 and iga) to the intestinal nematode trichuris muris was studied in cba/ca mice fed isocaloric diets containing 16% or 4% protein. mice fed the 16% diet and given a high infection dose of 650 eggs expelled almost their entire primary infection by day 21 post infection. in similarly infected animals fed the 4% protein diet, there was prolonged survival of adult worms. at a low infection dose of 10 eggs, t ... | 1992 | 1570172 |
| trichuris muris: antigen recognition and transfer of immunity in mice by iga monoclonal antibodies. | mesenteric node lymphocytes from mice that had been infected with the nematode trichuris muris, and then boosted with adult worm excretory-secretory antigens were fused with myeloma cells to produce a panel of 9 monoclonal antibodies (moabs). five of the moabs were of the iga isotype. the antigen recognition profiles of these moabs were studied using sds-page and immunoblotting; three major profile patterns were identified. five moabs recognized a major band in the mw range 43-48 kd; all recogni ... | 1991 | 1707509 |
| response of pre-adult and adult stages of trichuris muris to common anthelmintics in mice. | the common anthelmintics, oxantel, mebendazole, albendazole and pyrantel were assessed for their comparative activity against trichuris muris in mice. mice were infected with t. muris and the infection was maintained by a brief cortisone administration during the second week of infection. mice carrying the infection with different life cycle stages, viz. fourth stage larvae (l4), pre-adult and adult stages were dosed with anthelminitics. the worm burdens in control infection groups varied althou ... | 1991 | 1757197 |
| the effect of the protein content of cba/ca mouse diet on the population dynamics of trichuris muris (nematoda) in primary infection. | the relationship between host dietary protein and intestinal helminth population biology during primary infection was studied using a mouse-t. muris experimental model. uninfected cba/ca mice fed either a 4% (by mass) or 16% protein diet grew at a similar rate, but both suffered significant growth retardation when infected with t. muris. t. muris initial establishment and fecundity were unaffected by dietary protein content, but were significantly influenced by infection dose, declining at the h ... | 1991 | 1780178 |
| detection of wuchereria bancrofti specific antigens in the serum of endemic residents. | a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-elisa) is developed for detecting circulatory antigens in individuals infected with wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area using antibody (ig) against excretory-secretory-metabolic antigens of the microfilariae raised in rabbit (anti-mf-esm) and labelled with alkaline phosphatase (esm-ig-conjugate). an optical density reading of a sample greater than 0.075 (after subtracting the background) was taken as positive in the s-elisa. when homologous (wb ... | 1991 | 1896764 |
| cellular immune responses to the murine nematode parasite trichuris muris. i. differential cytokine production during acute or chronic infection. | a variety of t-cell parameters have been analysed in two h-2 compatible strains of mice, b10.br and balb/k, which differ in an absolute fashion in their ability to resist infection with the parasitic nematode trichuris muris: balb/k mice expel t. muris relatively rapidly, whereas b10.br mice are unable to expel the parasite before the infection reaches patency. analysis of th1- and th2-specific cytokines (ifn-gamma and il-5, respectively) produced by in vitro con a-stimulated mesenteric lymph no ... | 1991 | 1903765 |
| the absence of resistance in congenitally athymic nude mice toward infection with the intestinal nematode, trichuris muris: resistance restored by lymphoid cell transfer. | congenitally athymic (nude) mice maintained infections of trichuris muris for at least 40 days post-infection, whereas phenotypically normal mice expelled the worms by 18 days post-infection. complete worm expulsion occurred in nude mice which had been given spleen cells. on the other hand, a partial resistance to the infection was observed in nude mice which received thymus or mesenteric lymph node cells. no significant worm reduction was seen by injection of immune serum. | 1991 | 2040569 |
| the influence of genes mapping within the major histocompatibility complex on resistance to trichuris muris infections in mice. | two panels of h-2 recombinant strains of mice were used in an attempt to map the h-2-linked genes which control resistance to infection with trichuris muris. response phenotypes could be related to the presence of 'resistance' (q,b) or 'susceptibility' (k,d) alleles at i-a. the influence of these genes was modulated by other alleles, particularly q or d alleles, at the d end of the h-2. absence of i-e molecules correlated with resistance to infection in some but not all strains studied. thus the ... | 1990 | 2235076 |
| mhc-restricted antibody responses to trichuris muris excretory/secretory (e/s) antigen. | two panels of h-2 recombinant mice were used in a detailed serological study to analyse the role of h-2-linked genes in the control of the antibody response to excretory/secretory (e/s) antigens of trichuris muris. an apparent h-2q (i-aq) restriction on the early development of high levels of igg1 antibody to e/s antigen was revealed by elisa. no such restriction was demonstrated for the specific igg2a response patterns. recognition of two high molecular weight antigens (90-95 kda, 105-110 kda) ... | 1990 | 2255562 |
| genetically-determined influences on the ability of poor responder mice to respond to immunization against trichuris muris. | strains of mice poorly (b10) or non-responsive (b10.br) to a primary infection with trichuris muris were protected against infection by vaccination with excretory/secretory (e/s) antigen in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). protection in these mice was slow to be expressed compared to that in good responder strains. vaccination boosted the igg and igg1 antibody responses to e/s antigen and altered the antigen recognition profiles, three high molecular weight antigens (80-85, 90-95, 105-110 kda) ... | 1990 | 2362773 |
| [susceptibility of the chinese hamster (cricetulus griseus) to parasitic infection (3). experimental infection with hymenolepis nana or trichuris muris to the cortisone treated chinese hamster]. | susceptibility of chinese hamster (cricetulus griseus) of asahikawa colony (cha) to hymenolepis nana or trichuris muris infection was compared in the feces-egg examination with that of mice as the control animals. though cha were resistant to the infection of h. nana, they were found to become susceptible to h. nana by the treatment with cortisone. a half number of cha was infected with h. nana and the eggs were detected from each animal only in 4 or 6 days in the periods of examination more tha ... | 1989 | 2583668 |
| filarial parasites exhibit unusually high levels of choline acetyltransferase activity. | the presence of unusually high levels of choline acetyltransferase (chat, ec 2.3.1.6) in human and animal filarial parasites has been demonstrated. the levels of chat were highest in male worms of brugia malayi and brugia pahangi, with specific activities in crude extracts of about 2.27 and 1.26 mumol min-1 (mg protein)-1, respectively. the enzyme levels in these worms were over 10-20 times higher than in male worms of litomosoides carinii. the chat levels were about 2-5 times higher in male tha ... | 1989 | 2664508 |
| density dependence in establishment, growth and worm fecundity in intestinal helminthiasis: the population biology of trichuris muris (nematoda) infection in cba/ca mice. | the results are presented of an experimental study of the population biology of chronic trichuris muris (nematoda) infection in cortisone-treated cba/ca mice. attention is focused upon both the validity of the common use of faecal egg counts to demonstrate density dependence in helminth fecundity, and the identification of other possible density-dependent mechanisms that may regulate worm numbers in chronic trichuriasis. the results show that faecal egg counts, although demonstrating high daily ... | 1989 | 2771451 |
| genetic variation in the humoral immune responses of mice to the nematode trichuris muris. | genetically based differences in the antibody responses to the large intestinal nematode trichuris muris were studied in two groups of h-2 congenic strains of mice that differed in their relative resistance to infection with this parasite. the primary antibody response to parasite excretory/secretory (e/s) antigen was predominantly an igg response with the strains forming two distinct groups, defined by their genetic background. the more susceptible b10 genetic background mice had strikingly hig ... | 1989 | 2927957 |
| the effects of h-2 and non-h-2 genes on the expulsion of the nematode trichuris muris from inbred and congenic mice. | two groups of h-2 congenic strains of mice were compared for their susceptibility to a primary infection with the nematode trichuris muris. mice of the balb genetic background were markedly more resistant than mice of the b10 genetic background, as reflected by the rate of expulsion of t. muris from the large intestine. within each of the two groups of h-2 congenic strains mice possessing the h-2k haplotype (balb/k, b10.br) were more susceptible to infection than mice expressing other haplotypes ... | 1988 | 3136419 |
| cyclic and non-cyclic dynamics in populations of the helminth parasites of wood mice, apodemus sylvaticus. | two populations of apodemus sylvaticus, one in deciduous woodland and another in coniferous forest in co. down, northern ireland, were trapped at monthly intervals over 33 months. the dynamics, reproduction and age structure of the mouse populations differed between years with over a 40 fold range of population size. nine species of helminths were recovered from the alimentary tract and associated organs of the mice. the prevalence and mean worm burden of the cestodes, catenotaenia lobata, hymen ... | 1988 | 3372984 |
| antigenic cross-reactivity between the human whipworm, trichuris trichiura, and the mouse trichuroids trichuris muris and trichinella spiralis. | cross-reactivity was demonstrated between circulating antibodies from trichuris trichiura-infected humans and t. muris-infected mice for heterologous antigen preparations. mouse immune sera raised against excretory/secretory (e/s) products and anterior end homogenate from adult t. muris showed marked affinity for t. trichiura adult homogenate in elisa, and 35s-methionine-labelled adult t. muris e/s products were precipitated by t. trichiura infection sera. monoclonal antibodies recognizing a 48 ... | 1988 | 3412784 |
| response of laboratory-adapted human hookworm and other nematodes to ivermectin. | the activity of ivermectin was examined in necator americanus, a human hookworm, adapted to the laboratory hamster. a dose of 30 mg kg-1 x 1 or 10 mg kg-1 x 2 was required for complete clearance of pre-adult n. americanus; however, hamsters carrying adult n. americanus were completely cured of infection by doses of 15 mg kg-1 or 7.5 mg kg-1 x 2. the doses of ivermectin required for complete elimination of n. americanus were much higher than those reported for other intestinal nematodes. the prob ... | 1986 | 3675034 |
| surface properties of developing stages of trichuris muris. | surface properties of developing stages of trichuris muris were investigated by analysis of binding affinities for specific anti-parasite antibodies present in a range of infection sera; in vitro eosinophil adherence studies; and binding of the fluorescent-labelled lectins, con a, wga, pna and rca. in general, larvae of any one particular stage did not bind anti-parasite antibodies present in serum collected at an earlier stage of the infection, thus indicating a considerable degree of antigenic ... | 1986 | 3808754 |
| trichuris muris: structure and formation of the egg polar plugs. | the structure and development of the polar plugs of trichuris muris eggs were observed by light and electron microscopy. initial stages in plug formation commenced in the spermatheca of the adult female where two polar papillae became delimited from the remainder of the oocyte cytoplasm. these papillae exhibited a discrete pas positive reaction and were regarded as prospective plug regions from which cytoplasmic granules were absent. glycogen rosettes, initially concentrated in these prospective ... | 1985 | 4040301 |
| thymus-dependency of the immune response of mice to a primary infection with the nematode trichuris muris. | | 1974 | 4154318 |
| the interaction between entamoeba histolytica and trichuris muris infections in mice. | | 1974 | 4367835 |
| proceedings: immunity to trichuris muris in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | | 1974 | 4419390 |
| suppression of immunity in mice in the nematode trichuris muris by concurrent infection with rodent piroplasms. | | 1974 | 4423755 |
| genetic control of the immune response of mice to the nematode trichuris muris. | | 1974 | 4424626 |
| effects of solid and soluble diets upon trichuris muris (schrank, 1788) and dba-2j mice. | | 1972 | 4502557 |
| the effect of plasmodium berghei and trypanosoma brucei infections on the immune expulsion of the nematode trichuris muris from mice. | | 1974 | 4615070 |
| the survival of trichuris muris in wild populations of its natural hosts. | | 1973 | 4748999 |
| functional antigens of trichuris muris. the stimulation of immunity by vaccination of mice with somatic antigen preparations. | | 1973 | 4762120 |
| transfer of immunity against trichuris muris in the mouse by serum and cells. | | 1973 | 4762121 |
| the stimulation of immunity to trichuris muris in mice exposed to low-level infections. | | 1973 | 4786827 |
| the induction of immunological tolerance to the parasitic nematode trichuris muris in cortisone-treated mice. | | 1974 | 4843752 |
| the development of the early larval stages of trichuris muris in the albino laboratory mouse. | | 1969 | 4910923 |
| the oesophageal region of the nematode trichuris muris as a possible source of functional antigens. | | 1972 | 5071074 |
| studies on the immunity of albino mice to trichuris muris. the stimulation of immunity by chemically abbreviated infections. | | 1969 | 5374704 |
| studies on the immunity of albino mice to trichuris muris. suppression of immunity by cortisone acetate. | | 1970 | 5427097 |
| the stimulation of immunity and the induction of unresponsiveness to trichuris muris in various strains of laboratory mice. | | 1970 | 5534152 |
| acquired immunity to trichuris muris in the albino laboratory mouse. | | 1967 | 6048569 |
| the enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in a range of parasitic protozoa and helminths. | the activities of carbamoylphosphate synthase, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase, orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase, five of the six enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis, have been measured in crithidia fasciculata, trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania major, trichomonas vaginalis, eimeria tenella, toxoplasma gondii, plasmodium berghei, fasciola gigantica, schistosoma mansoni, hymenolepis diminuta, nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichuris muris. the m ... | 1981 | 6111750 |
| recovery of eggs of two parasitic nematodes, ascaris sp. and trichuris sp.: interlaboratory study. | an interlaboratory study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the nacconol ether centrifugation method for recovering parasitic nematode eggs from 3 contaminated products: a crop (cabbage), a sludge fertilizer (milorganite), and a sewage effluent (minneapolis). six replicate samples for each of the 3 products were seeded with eggs at 3 different levels: 200 ascaris suis and 8 trichuris muris; 15 a.suis and 15 t.muris; 8 a.suis and 180 t.muris. recovery was low for all samples except s ... | 1982 | 6276356 |
| survival to patency of low level infections with trichuris muris in mice concurrently infected with nematospiroides dubius. | large, single-pulse laboratory infections with trichuris muris are rejected by mice before patency, but low-level infections of fewer than 20 worms survive for long periods. data are presented to show that the threshold at which an effective immune response takes place is significantly higher in mice concurrently infected with nematospiroides dubius. in control cflp mice trickle infections did not survive to maturity but in the slower responder c57 bl10 mice egg production began on day 35 and co ... | 1984 | 6524995 |
| cellular mechanisms of immunity to the nematode trichuris muris. | | 1983 | 6604706 |
| immunological consequences of intestinal helminth infections in c57bl mice. the effects on lymphoid tissue and reticuloendothelial function. | the characteristics of primary nematospiroides dubius, mouse-adapted nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichuris muris infections in c57bl mice and their broad effects on lymphoid tissue and reticuloendothelial function have been compared in an attempt to identify correlations between the effects of the parasites and common features of their life cycles. all three parasites increased the size of the spleen and mesenteric node, roughly in proportion to the intestinal worm burden. n. brasiliensis a ... | 1983 | 6651642 |
| immunological consequences of intestinal helminth infections in c57bl mice. humoral responses to polyvinyl pyrrolidone. | infection with trichuris muris eggs or nematospiroides dubius larvae (orally administered) did not affect igg or igm antibody responses to 0 x 2 micrograms polyvinyl pyrrolidone (pvp) (intravenously (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or 20 micrograms pvp (i.p.) in c57bl mice. however, nippostrongylus brasiliensis l3 subcutaneously (s.c.) and n. dubius l3 (i.v.) significantly increased responses to pvp (i.p.) so migrating larvae are probably responsible. similar enhancement was obtained when ext ... | 1983 | 6651643 |
| immunological consequences of intestinal helminth infections in c57bl mice. natural and induced responses to sheep erythrocytes. | nematospiroides dubius, nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichuris muris infections in c57bl mice increased background igm titres to src but not to erythrocytes from other species. however, no cross-reaction between parasite extracts and src could be demonstrated and the enhancement was not evident in other strains of mice. there were no comparable rises in total igm levels, but declining igm responses to ovalbumin were boosted by n. dubius, so the rise was probably caused by selective expansion ... | 1983 | 6651644 |
| cortisone-induced immunotolerance to nematode infection in cba/ca mice. ii. a model for human chronic trichuriasis. | treatment of cba/ca mice with cortisone acetate for a short period after infection with trichuris muris induces a state of immunotolerance which allows the development and survival of a chronic infection. mice harbouring such infections were found to be less capable of responding to a primary infection with trichinella spiralis or of producing humoral responses to lipopolysaccharide and sheep red blood cells. mesenteric lymph node t cells, however, were as responsive to the polyclonal activator ... | 1983 | 6826206 |
| functional antigens of trichuris muris released during in vitro maintenance: their immunogenicity and partial purification. | the immunogenicity of the secretory exo-antigen (exa) originating in the stichosome of trichuris muris has been investigated. high levels of immunity to challenge were produced using exa (100 micrograms) by subcutaneous administration. vaccination with a range of doses of exa in freunds' incomplete adjuvant (fia) showed a dose response; 1 microgram of exa reduced the worm burden by 50% and doses of 10 micrograms or more reduced the worm burden by 80-90% at day 9 post-infection. worms recovered f ... | 1983 | 6835701 |
| specific cross-immunity between trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris: immunization with heterologous infections and antigens and transfer of immunity with heterologous immune mesenteric lymph node cells. | infections with either 300 infective trichinella spiralis larvae or 400 embryonated eggs of trichuris muris were infective in eliciting accelerated expulsion of heterologous challenge infections given 20 days after the primary infection. accelerated expulsion could also be achieved by the administration of soluble crude worm antigen given 12 days prior to heterologous challenge or by adoptive transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells taken from mice infected with the heterologous parasite. each sp ... | 1982 | 7070847 |
| cortisone-induced immunotolerance to nematode infection in cba/ca mice. i. investigation of the defect in the protective response. | the parasitic nematode trichuris muris is expelled from the large intestine of cba/ca mice after approximately 20 days of infection. short term treatment with cortisone acetate prevented expulsion and allowed the establishment and survival of an adult worm population for at least 70 days. this tolerance to the primary infection persisted after removal of the adult worms by chemotherapy and allowed the full development of a secondary infection. high levels of blast activity were seen in the mesen ... | 1982 | 7118164 |
| the early phase of tissue invasion by trichuris muris (nematoda: trichuroidea). | eggs of trichuris muris hatched when implanted directly into the ceca of mice. the hatched larvae had penetrated the epithelium 40 min after introduction of the eggs. it is certain that the larvae penetrated the epithelium lining the cecal glands after entering the glands. since penetration through the surface or luminal epithelium was not observed, it may be that the larvae enter gland openings selectively before penetrating epithelial cells. | 1981 | 7198849 |
| the use of host strain variation to assess the significance of mucosal mast cells in the spontaneous cure response of mice to the nematode trichuris muris. | a proportion of dba/2 mice do not reject the large intestinal nematode parasite trichuris muris. in this strain and the early rejecting nih and the late rejecting cba/ca strains the kinetics of the mast cell accumulation in a primary infection were similar with peak mast cell numbers being recorded on day 20 post-infection. comparisons between rejector and non-rejector dba/2 mice showed no differences in the mast cell accumulation. there was no rise in mast cell numbers in response to a secondar ... | 1982 | 7200084 |
| the location of parasites within their hosts: site selection by trichuris muris in the laboratory mouse. | | 1980 | 7451019 |
| expression of pokeweed lectin binding in murine intestinal paneth cells. | pokeweed (phytolacca americana) lectin was found to stain the secretory granules in epithelial paneth cells of small intestine in mice and rats. the distribution of paneth cells stained with this lectin was identical to that obtained by another immunohistochemical marker for lysozyme. however, in comparison with other immunohistochemical markers, pokeweed lectin is a more robust method for identifying paneth cells in histological sections and for studying their secretory granules. co-expression ... | 1994 | 7514935 |
| isolates of trichuris muris vary in their ability to elicit protective immune responses to infection in mice. | much of what is currently known of the host-parasite interaction between mice and the parasitic nematode trichuris muris has come from experiments using a single parasite isolate (e/n). this isolate has been compared with 2 others which, on morphological criteria, belong to the same species. in 3 inbred strains of mouse that show distinct, genetically determined response phenotypes, there was a consistent pattern in terms of parasite survival time regardless of host strain, e/k worms being expel ... | 1995 | 7567103 |
| efficacy of oral vaccination against the murine intestinal parasite trichuris muris is dependent upon host genetics. | oral vaccinations with trichuris muris adult worm homogenate antigen with cholera toxin as the adjuvant were successful in both high-responder balb/c and low-responder c57bl/10 mice, resulting in high levels of protection against subsequent infection, but were ineffective in the low-responder b10.br mice. subcutaneous vaccination with antigen in freund's complete adjuvant resulted in protection of all of these strains but was most effective in high-responder balb/c and least effective in b10.br ... | 1995 | 7729883 |
| the role of cd4+ and cd8+ t cells in protective immunity to the murine nematode parasite trichuris muris. | the role of cd4+ and cd8+ t cells in protective immunity to trichuris muris was studied in cd4+ or cd8+ or both cd4+ and cd8+ t cell-depleted balb/c mice. to assess in vivo depletion of t-cell subsets, cd4+ and cd8+ t cells in the peyer's patches, the mesenteric lymph nodes (mln), and the spleens of mice treated with t cell-specific monoclonal antibodies (moabs) were analysed by facs. cd4+ t cells were selectively depleted in mice injected with anti-cd4 moab i.p. and injection of anti-cd8 moab r ... | 1995 | 7792100 |
| low-level infection with trichuris muris significantly affects the polarization of the cd4 response. | resistance and susceptibility to the intestinal nematode trichuris muris has been shown to be dependent upon the induction of t helper type 2 (th2) or th1 cells, respectively. this study demonstrates that in a normally resistant strain of mouse, i.e. balb/k which mounts a dominant th2 response, sub-threshold levels of infection (< 40 eggs) can survive and become sexually mature adult worms (10-20 adults). the immunological basis of this phenomenon was found to be a dramatically altered polarizat ... | 1994 | 7805740 |
| characterization of peptidases of adult trichuris muris. | excretory/secretory (e/s) material of trichuris muris was found to contain 2 major peptidases, m(r) 85 and 105 kda, which degrade gelatin optimally at ph 6.0 in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels. the peptidases were inactivated by diisopropylfluorophosphate, leupeptin and soybean trypsin inhibitor, but were unaffected by inhibitors of aspartic-, cysteine- and metallo-peptidases, indicating that they are serine peptidases. both enzymes were detectable within 5 h after incubation of worm ... | 1994 | 7831097 |
| evidence that cytokine-mediated immune interactions induced by schistosoma mansoni alter disease outcome in mice concurrently infected with trichuris muris. | in murine models of schistosoma mansoni infection, egg production is associated with a switch from t helper cell (th)1- to th2-type responses to both schistosome-specific and unrelated antigens. polyparasitism is common in human populations within s. mansoni endemic areas. we have, therefore, examined whether coinfection with s. mansoni could affect the outcome of a second parasitic infection, through th2 cytokine-dependent modifications to the host immune response. we find that when mice suscep ... | 1995 | 7836929 |
| correlations between worm burden and markers of th1 and th2 cell subset induction in an inbred strain of mouse infected with trichuris muris. | helper t cell subset induction was examined within a single inbred strain of mouse (b10.d2/n) where individuals varied in their ability to expel the nematode parasite trichuris muris. in this mouse strain approximately half of infected individuals resist infection whilst half are unable to expel the parasite and harbour chronic mature adult worm infections. we here assess various t cell and serological parameters in individual b10.d2/n mice infected with t. muris in relation to the number of par ... | 1993 | 7877836 |
| studies on the karyotype and gametogenesis in trichuris muris. | the cytological study of males and females of trichuris muris (schrank, 1788) revealed the diploid number of chromosomes to be 2n = 6. the sex determining mechanism was xx female/xy male. all the chromosomes were subtelocentric. sex chromosomes formed the smallest pair, but x and y were difficult to distinguish morphologically. chromosome changes during gametogenesis in both sexes followed a classical pattern except in the male prophase and metaphase i. four male autosomes formed two bivalents, ... | 1994 | 8006389 |
| lymphocyte, antibody and cytokine responses during concurrent infections between helminths that selectively promote t-helper-1 or t-helper-2 activity. | the influence of trichinella spiralis on infections with trichuris muris was studied in non-responder b10.br mice. mice infected only with t. muris were unable to expel parasites and had many adult worms 35 days later. infection with 300 larvae of t. spiralis, given seven or 14 (but not 28) days after t. muris, enabled mice to expel up to 90% of t. muris; expulsion of t. spiralis was not altered. concurrently infected mice produced less t. muris-specific igg2a antibody than mice infected with t. ... | 1994 | 8015854 |
| cytokine-mediated regulation of intestinal helminth infections: the trichuris muris model. | the trichuris muris-mouse model of intestinal helminth infection provides a convenient system to examine the immune mechanisms operating during acute and chronic infection. particular subsets of helper t lymphocytes (cd4+th cells) play an important role in regulating infection via the secretion of distinct groups of cytokines. reciprocal activation of th cell subsets is associated with either expulsion of the parasites from the intestine (th2 cells) or chronic infection (th1 cells). in vivo neut ... | 1993 | 8122927 |
| cytokine-mediated regulation of chronic intestinal helminth infection. | most inbred strains of mouse infected with the intestinal nematode trichuris muris are resistant to infection expelling the parasite before adult worms establish. however, a few susceptible strains exist that are incapable of worm expulsion and harbor chronic infections of mature adult worms. analyses of in vitro cytokine production by cells from the draining lymph node (mesenteric lymph node) have indicated that expulsion phenotype is tightly correlated with the selective expansion of helper t ... | 1994 | 8270879 |
| induction of differential t-helper-cell responses in mice infected with variants of the parasitic nematode trichuris muris. | the resistance or susceptibility of mice to infection with the intestinal nematode parasite trichuris muris is closely correlated with polarization of t helper (th) cell responses to the type 2 (th2) or type 1 (th1) subset. comparison of infections with three isolates of t. muris (e/k, e/n, and s) in three inbred strains of mice (cba, c57bl/10, and b10.br) has shown that host th response phenotype can be parasite determined. although the mouse strains used show genetically determined variation i ... | 1996 | 8641783 |
| antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and other nematodes. | we used elisa and immunoblotting to investigate antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and five other nematodes: the ascaridoids ascaris suum, toxocara canis and hysterothylacium aduncum, and the nonascaridoids trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris. two sera were raised against each species (including a. simplex, but excluding a. suum), by infection or by immunization with somatic antigens. serum against a. suum was raised by immunization only. the r ... | 1996 | 8740558 |
| detection of gastrointestinal nematodes by a coproantigen capture elisa. | an assay is described for the quantitative detection of excretory/secretory antigens liberated by the intestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus and voided in the host's faeces. a rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the antigens detected them in a dose-dependent manner and was sufficiently sensitive to recognise infection in mice carrying a mean worm burden of nine worms. the assay was specific, giving higher optical density readings with the faeces of mice infected with h polygyrus than with faec ... | 1996 | 8745247 |
| antibody-independent effector mechanisms in resistance to the intestinal nematode parasite trichuris muris. | the development of a strong th2-type immune response is essential in resistance to the intestinal nematode parasite trichuris muris. although the underlying cell-regulatory mechanisms important in protective immunity are well defined, the actual th2-controlled effector mechanisms culminating in worm expulsion are uncharacterized. using methodology involving the selective reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficiency mice with highly pure populations of cd4+ t cells from immune balb/c donors ... | 1996 | 8757819 |
| viability of ascaris suum, ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris muris eggs to alkaline ph and different temperatures. | disposal of wastewater sludges in agricultural soil is a way to recover mineral and organic substances. nevertheless disposing and handling such untreated, potentially contaminated sludges may be hazardous for human health and the environment. the aim of this study is to evaluate a method for sludge decontamination consisting in alkaline treatment with ammonia at different temperatures (22 degrees c, 30 degrees c, 40 degrees c) to establish its effects on the survival of ascaris suum, ascaris lu ... | 1995 | 8778663 |
| free and bound biotin molecules in helminths: a source of artifacts for avidin biotin-based immunoassays. | the avidin-biotin molecular recognition system is widely used in parasite immunology. however, the presence of biotin and/or biotin-containing molecules (bcms) in samples may lead to erroneous results. in the work reported herein we investigated the extent to which biotin and bcms present in helminth extracts may interfere in avidin/biotin-based immunoassays and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for quantification of these components. in avidin-based elisa using antinematode ... | 1996 | 8875569 |
| interleukin-12 promotes a chronic intestinal nematode infection. | resistance and susceptibility to the intestinal parasite trichuris muris has been shown to be due to a dominant t helper 2 (th2) and a dominant th1 response, respectively. the factors determining the initial polarization of the immune response remain largely unresolved, although the cytokine environment at the time of antigen presentation clearly plays an essential role. interleukin (il)-12, a cytokine produced mainly by macrophages, dendritic cells, and other monocytes has been shown to be impo ... | 1997 | 9130637 |
| cytokine regulation of host defense against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes: lessons from studies with rodent models. | studies with rodents infected with trichinella spiralis, heligmosomoides polygyrus, nippostronglyus brasiliensis, and trichuris muris have provided considerable information about immune mechanisms that protect against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes. four generalizations can be made: 1. cd4+ t cells are critical for host protection; 2. il-12 and ifn-gamma inhibit protective immunity; 3. il-4 can: (a) be required for host protection, (b) limit severity of infection, or (c) induce redundant p ... | 1997 | 9143698 |
| comparative studies on immune responses to infection in susceptible b10.br mice infected with different strains of the murine nematode parasite trichuris muris. | a comparison of immune responses to infection between groups of b10.br mice infected with different strains of t. muris, s strain (isolated in sobreda, portugal), e strain (isolated in edinburgh), and e-j strain (originally e strain, which has been maintained in our laboratory, japan), was performed. in mice infected with e and e-j strains, most of the worms were expelled by day 32 after infection, though the expulsion was faster in e-j strain-infected mice. in contrast, no expulsion was observe ... | 1996 | 9229378 |
| the effect of disulfiram on egg shell formation in adult trichuris muris. | the effect of disulfiram on egg shell morphology in the parasitic nematode trichuris muris was studied in vitro and in vivo. daily disulfiram treatment of mice infected with t. muris beginning 25 days after infection and continuing for 26 days resulted in the production of malformed eggs by adult female worms in all treated groups. in addition, significantly fewer adult worms were found at necropsy in mice treated with 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg/day of disulfiram as compared with mice treated with 2.5 mg/ ... | 1997 | 9379303 |
| antibody isotype responses to trichuris infection in humanized scid mice. | we have developed a humanized scid mouse model of trichuriasis involving the injection of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) from normal healthy donors into c. b. 17 severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice followed by vaccination and infection of these mice with the murine species of trichuris, trichuris muris. optimal results with respect to parasite specific antibody production and peripheral engraftment were achieved by injecting intraperitoneally 2 x 10(7) pbls which had been incubated ... | 1997 | 9427995 |
| a critical role for il-13 in resistance to intestinal nematode infection. | mice in which either the il-4 or the il-13 gene has been disrupted (il-4 ko and il-13 ko) were susceptible to infection with the intestinal nematode trichuris muris, whereas their wild-type littermates were highly resistant and expelled the parasite. il-4 ko mice showed diminished th2-type responses with t. muris infection and also failed to produce parasite-specific igg1 abs. although il-13 ko mice made reduced th2-type responses early in infection, they were capable of generating strong th2-ty ... | 1998 | 9531306 |
| production of an interferon-gamma homologue by an intestinal nematode: functionally significant or interesting artefact? | chronic infection is a prominent feature of many intestinal nematode infections in man and animals. it is also clear that in such situations host immunity is activated but is unable to induce a protective response. a great deal of work has shown that genetic control of host immunity contributes to the variation in worm burdens often observed in the field. there is increasing appreciation, however, of the capability of infectious agents themselves to modulate the host immune response and potentia ... | 1997 | 9571695 |
| interleukin-9 enhances resistance to the intestinal nematode trichuris muris. | upon infection with the cecum-dwelling nematode trichuris muris, the majority of inbred strains of mice launch a th2-type immune response and in doing so expel the parasite before patency. in contrast, there are a few mouse strains which develop a nonprotective th1-type response resulting in a chronic infection and the presence of adult worms. of the th2 cytokines known to be associated with the resistant phenotype (interleukin-4 [il-4], il-5, il-9, and il-13), comparatively little is known abou ... | 1998 | 9673269 |
| gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the black rat (rattus rattus) in abeokuta, southwest nigeria. | a survey of 612 black rats, rattus rattus (282 mates and 330 females), for infections with helminth parasites was carried out in abeokuta, in southwest nigeria. three hundred and ninety six (64.7%) were infected with one or more of seven species of helminths comprising three cestodes (hymenolepis diminuta, taenia taeniaeformis (cyst) and raillietina sp.) three nematodes (mastophorus muris, trichuris muris and syphacia sp.) and one acanthocephalan (moniliformis moniliformis). although the prevale ... | 1997 | 9705679 |
| rapid purification and characterization of l-dopachrome-methyl ester tautomerase (macrophage-migration-inhibitory factor) from trichinella spiralis, trichuris muris and brugia pahangi. | macrophage-migration-inhibition factor (mif) is an essential stimulator of mammalian t-lymphocyte-dependent adaptive immunity, hence mif orthologues might be expressed by infectious organisms as an immunosubversive stratagem. since mif actively catalyses the tautomerization of the methyl ester of l-dopachrome (using dopachrome tautomerase), the occurrence of mif orthologues in several parasitic helminths was investigated by assaying and characterizing such activity. evidence of mif orthologues ( ... | 1998 | 9794786 |
| b-cell activation in the mesenteric lymph nodes of resistant balb/c mice infected with the murine nematode parasite trichuris muris. | immune responses in resistant balb/c mice infected with the murine nematode parasite trichuris muris were examined. following the establishment of infection, worm burdens of t. muris were expelled by balb/c mice by day 21 postinfection (p.i.). specific immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) antibodies to t. muris excretory/secretory (e/s) antigens were detected in sera from infected mice, though specific igg2a antibodies were not observed during infection. ig-producing cells increased in the mesenteric lymph ... | 1999 | 9951962 |
| mast cells, eosinophils and antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity are not critical in resistance to trichuris muris. | the murine intestinal nematode trichuris muris provides an invaluable model of human infection with t. trichiura. hence, analysis of the immunological responses in the mouse may elucidate the mechanisms of immunity to trichuriasis in man. the work described here investigates the roles of eosinophils, mast cells and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) in the elimination of t. muris from the host gut. following ablation of il-5, and hence eosinophilia, mice usually resistant to t. ... | 1999 | 10081771 |
| cellular immune responses in mice infected with the intestinal nematode trichuris muris. | cba and b10.br mice show variation in immune response to the intestinal nematode trichuris muris. cba mice develop strong resistance, eliminating worms from the intestine; b10br mice are permissive and develop chronic infections. it is already known that resistance and permissiveness reflect differential t helper responses. the data reported here show that resistant cba mice express good antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses to infection, whereas cells from b10.br mice are relative ... | 1999 | 10329364 |
| trichuris muris: host intestinal epithelial cell hyperproliferation during chronic infection is regulated by interferon-gamma. | chronic infection with the intestinal nematode trichuris muris is associated with an inappropriate type 1 cytokine response (production of predominantly ifn-gamma), whereas resistance to infection requires the induction of a protective type 2 response with the production of interleukin (il)-4, il-5, il-9, and il-13. t. muris inhabits an intracellular niche within murine intestinal epithelial cells of the caecum and in common with other intestinal helminth infections is associated with gross morp ... | 1999 | 10366539 |
| helminth infections in apodemus sylvaticus in southern england: interactive effects of host age, sex and year on the prevalence and abundance of infections. | helminth parasites were studied in the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus, in southern england in september of each of four successive years (1994-1997). nine species of helminths were recorded: five nematodes (heligmosomoides polygyrus, syphacia stroma, pelodera strongyloides, trichuris muris, capillaria murissylvatici), two cestodes (microsomacanthus crenata, taenia taeniaeformis) and two trematodes (corrigia vitta, brachylaemus recurvum). in total, 134 mice were examined and 91.8% carried at lea ... | 1999 | 10431369 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha is a critical component of interleukin 13-mediated protective t helper cell type 2 responses during helminth infection. | in vivo manipulation of cytokine and/or cytokine receptor expression has previously shown that resistance to infection with the caecum-dwelling helminth trichuris muris is dependent on interleukin (il)-4 and il-13 while susceptibility is associated with a t helper cell type 1 (th1) cytokine response. using gene-targeted mice deficient in tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor signaling and anti-tnf-alpha monoclonal antibody treatment, we have extended these studies to reveal a critical role for tn ... | 1999 | 10510085 |