Publications

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effect of trh, tsh, and lh-rh on plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens) and plasma thyroxine in the rouen duck (anas platyrhynchos). 1979117891
ultrastructural studies of the zygote and oocyst wall formation of eimeria truncata of the lesser snow goose.zygote development and oocyst wall formation of eimeria truncata occurred in epithelial cells in renal tubules and ducts of experimentally infected lesser snow geese (anser c. caerulescens). post-fertilization stages were present throughout the kidneys beginning nine days post-inoculation. initially, a single plasmalemma enclosed the zygote, and type 1 wall-forming bodies (wf1) became labyrinthine and moved toward the surface. there, wf1 degranulated and formed the outer layer of the oocyst wall ...19863746720
ultrastructural studies of microgametogenesis and macrogametogenesis of eimeria truncata of the lesser snow goose.microgamonts and macrogamonts of eimeria truncata were observed in renal epithelial cells of collecting tubules and ducts and occasionally in macrophages of experimentally infected lesser snow geese (anser c. caerulescens) beginning 8.5 days post inoculation. intraparasitophorous vesicles in parasitophorous vacuoles of both types of gamonts appeared to originate in host cell cytoplasm and enter gamonts through micropores by budding of plasmalemma or by pinocytosis. within the parasite's cytoplas ...19863746721
description of the goose coccidium eimeria stigmosa (klimes, 1963), with evidence of intranuclear development.oocysts of eimeria stigmosa isolated from a wild juvenile lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens) were used in experimental infections of laboratory-reared geese. the structure of oocysts is described; a peculiar bumpy surface and a calyx-like thickening around the micropyle are illustrated by scanning electron microscopy. experimentally infected geese had reduced feed intake and passed blood in their feces. six days post-inoculation (p.i.) oocysts were passed for about 24 hr. oocyst ...19863783353
dynamics of parasitic infections at four sites within lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) from the breeding colony at la pérouse bay, manitoba, canada.we enumerated parasite burdens within the blood, gizzard, ceca, and kidneys of adult female lesser snow geese chen caerulescens caerulescens collected from the breeding colony at la pérouse bay, manitoba, canada, in 1989. we observed 5 species of nematodes, 1 species of digenean, 1 species of protozoan, and an unidentified microfilaria in these geese. we compared parasite burdens between geese collected during the incubation (2-14 june) and brood-rearing (1-5 august) periods. there was a signifi ...19948064540
lead concentrations in liver and kidneys of snow geese during an avian cholera epizootic in california.during an avian cholera epornitic, between december 1982 and january 1983, 58 dead, 23 sick, and 106 hunter-killed lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) were collected at delevan national wildlife refuge, colusa county, california, usa. fifty-one of the dead and sick geese were infected with pasteurella multocida. lead concentrations in the livers ranged from < 1 to 253 parts per million (ppm) (dry weight). lead concentrations in the kidneys ranged from < 1 ppm to 547 ppm (dry weigh ...19938258858
renal coccidiosis and other parasitologic conditions in lesser snow goose goslings at tha-anne river, west coast hudson bay.lesser snow goose (chen caerulescens caerulescens) goslings, approximately 5 weeks of age, were collected near the mouth of tha-anne river, northwest territories, canada, during mid-august 1991. many dead goslings had been observed in the area from 1988 to 1990. goslings from near the coast, where habitat degradation by grazing geese was severe, were smaller, weighed less, and had a greater prevalence of renal coccidiosis (eimeria truncata) and cecal nematode (trichostrongylus spp.) infection th ...19968827676
pasteurella multocida serotype 1 isolated from a lesser snow goose: evidence of a carrier state.pharyngeal swabs were collected from 298 lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) at banks island (northwest territories. canada) in the summer of 1994. pasteurella multocida serotype 1 was isolated from an adult male bird and p. multocida serotype 3 was isolated from an adult female goose. pathogenicity of the serotype 1 isolate was confirmed by inoculation in pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos). the serotype 3 isolate was non-pathogenic in pekin ducks. this is the first documented isola ...19979131570
antibodies against pasteurella multocida in snow geese in the western arctic.to determine if lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) are a potential reservoir for the pasteurella multocida bacterium that causes avian cholera, serum samples and/or pharyngeal swabs were collected from > 3,400 adult geese breeding on wrangel island (russia) and banks island (canada) during 1993-1996. pharyngeal swab sampling rarely (> 0.1%) detected birds that were exposed to p. multocida in these populations. geese with serum antibody levels indicating recent infection with p. m ...199910479077
avian cholera in waterfowl: the role of lesser snow and ross's geese as disease carriers in the playa lakes region.we collected samples from apparently healthy geese in the playa lakes region (usa) during the winters of 2000-01 and 2001-02 to determine whether carriers of pasteurella multocida, the bacterium that causes avian cholera, were present in wild populations. with the use of methods developed in laboratory challenge trials (samuel et al., 2003a) and a serotype-specific polymerase chain reaction method for identification of p. multocida serotype 1, we found that a small proportion of 322 wild birds ( ...200515827210
multi-species patterns of avian cholera mortality in nebraska's rainwater basin.nebraska's rainwater basin (rwb) is a key spring migration area for millions of waterfowl and other avian species. avian cholera has been endemic in the rwb since the 1970s and in some years tens of thousands of waterfowl have died from the disease. we evaluated patterns of avian cholera mortality in waterfowl species using the rwb during the last quarter of the 20th century. mortality patterns changed between the years before (1976-1988) and coincident with (1989-1999) the dramatic increases in ...200616699151
the genetic basis of the plumage polymorphism in red-footed boobies (sula sula): a melanocortin-1 receptor (mc1r) analysis.the red-footed booby (sula sula) is considered one of the most polymorphic seabirds, with 3 recognized major adult plumage types: 1) white, 2) white-tailed brown, and 3) brown and several degrees of intermediates. here we show that the white/melanic polymorphism observed in this species is perfectly associated with 2 point substitutions, val85met and his207arg, at the melanocortin-1 receptor (mc1r) gene. among the melanic plumage variants, we also found a strong association between the degree of ...200717602182
spring-harvested game birds from the western james bay region of northern ontario, canada: organochlorine concentrations in breast muscle.although studies have assessed organochlorine concentration in breast tissue (pectoral muscle) of fall-harvested game birds in canada, data for spring-harvested game birds are limited, especially for remote sub-arctic areas. taking into account that most traditional aboriginal diets include a large number of spring-harvested game birds, there is a need to assess organochlorine concentration in spring-harvested water birds with respect to suitability for human consumption. we examined organochlor ...200717675140
spring-harvested game birds in the western james bay region of northern ontario, canada: the amount of organochlorines in matched samples of breast muscle, skin, and abdominal fat.we examined matched-tissue samples (the right pectoral muscle plus the associated skin and fat was considered a breast portion) of 81 spring-harvested waterfowl and 19 summer-harvested godwits (limosa spp.) to assess the potential of these water birds contributing to the body burden of pcbs and ddt noted in first nation people of the western james bay region, northern ontario, canada. in general, the dabbling ducks (mallard duck, anas platyrhynchos; and northern pintail, a. acuta) had significan ...200818058032
description of the larva of ceratophyllus vagabundus vagabundus (siphonaptera: ceratophyllidae) from nests of ross's and lesser snow geese in nunavut, canada.abstract adults of the flea, ceratophyllus vagabundus vagabundus , were present in the hundreds in nests of ross's ( chen rossii ) and lesser snow ( chen caerulescens caerulescens ) geese in the arctic goose colony at karrak lake, nunavut, canada. ceratophyllus v. vagabundus had not been previously recorded in association with ross's or snow geese. large numbers of c. v. vagabundus adults and larvae were collected and a description of the larva is provided for the first time. on the basis of ext ...201121506868
toxoplasma gondii exposure in arctic-nesting geese: a multi-state occupancy framework and comparison of serological assays.the zoonotic parasite, toxoplasma gondii, has a worldwide distribution and a cosmopolitan suite of hosts. in arctic tundra regions, the definitive felid hosts are rare to absent and, while the complete transmission routes in such regions have yet to be fully elucidated, trophic and vertical routes are likely to be important. wild birds are common intermediate hosts of t. gondii, and in the central canadian arctic, geese are probable vectors of the parasite from temperate latitudes to the arctic ...201425161913
associations between body composition and helminths of lesser snow geese during winter and spring migration.costs of parasitism are predicted to be higher with greater parasite intensities and higher inter-parasite competition (diversity). we tested whether greater helminth intensities and diversity were associated with poorer body composition (whole-body fat, protein, mineral and true body mass) in lesser snow geese, chen caerulescens caerulescens. as part of a larger study on nutritional ecology, 828 wintering or migrating geese were shot between january and may 1983 in 27 different date-locations ( ...201222713759
mortality of geese as a result of collision with the ground.two incidents are reported in which groups of migrating wild geese were found dead in agricultural fields in southern manitoba during spring. in each case, the birds died overnight and poisoning was suspected; however, the birds had lesions of severe traumatic injury. the first incident, in 1985, involved about 150 lesser snow geese (anser caerulescens caerulescens); the second, in 2003, involved 62 canada geese (branta canadensis). both incidents occurred on dark, moonless nights. one possible ...200516107686
pre-incubation feeding activities and energy budgets of snow geese: can food on the breeding grounds influence fecundity?the potential contribution of early spring feeding conditions in the arctic to clutch size variation was examined in a population of lesser snow geese anser caerulescens caerulescens. behavioural observations were combined with energetic analyses of food material to derive an estimate of the energy budgets of pre-laying and laying females. food intake of females between arrival on the breeding grounds and incubation was considerable; estimated energy gains in this period were in the same magnitu ...199628307639
fitness consequences of egg-size variation in the lesser snow goose.we investigated the relationship between eggsize variation and (a) egg hatching success, (b) chick survival to fledging and recruitment, and (c) adult female survival, over 12 years in the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens). by comparing the means and variances of egg size for successful and unsuccessful eggs, our aim was to assess the relative fitness of eggs of different sizes and to determine the type of selection operating on egg size in this species. as both egg size and re ...199328313647
environmental change and the cost of philopatry: an example in the lesser snow goose.the consequences of philopatric and dispersal behaviours under changing environmental conditions were examined using data from the colony of lesser snow geese (anser caerulescens caerulescens) breeding at la pérouse bay, manitoba, canada. in response to increased population size and decreased food abundance over time, increasing numbers of family groups have been dispersing from the traditional feeding areas. goslings from dispersed broods were significantly heavier (7.3%), and had longer culmen ...199328313785
intra-seasonal decline of clutch size in lesser snow geese.different mechanisms proposed to explain the intra-seasonal decline in clutch size of lesser snow geese (anser caerulescens caerulescens) were tested at the la perouse bay colony, manitoba, canada. ovary examination of females collected after laying revealed that the actual number of eggs produced per female decreased over the laying period. this finding eliminates nest-parasitism, partial clutch predation and renesting attempts as sufficient explanations for seasonal clutch size decline. follic ...198928312816
identification of restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms in genomic dna of the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens).a genomic library of partially ecori-digested dna from the lesser snow goose, anser caerulescens caerulescens, was constructed in the phage vector charon 4. phage containing only unique sequences were identified by screening plaques with 32p-labeled genomic dna. restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms (rflps) were identified by probing dna from 11-13 male birds from the breeding colony at la perouse bay. of the 17 probes examined, all detected rflps with at least one of ecori, hindiii, msp1, a ...19872895887
life history studies of the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens) : i. the influence of age and time on fecundity.in many species, fecundity is dependent on age. for some populations - particularly those exploiting temporally variable environments - these age-specific fecundities may themselves vary with time. in this report, we investigate the general effects of age and time on clutch size in a wild population of lesser snow geese (anser caerulescens caerulescens). we show that both factors affect clutch size independently. age effects are confined almost exclusively to the two, three and four year old age ...198328310210
seasonal changes in thyroid activity in the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens) including reference to embryonic thyroid activity. 19807427809
seasonal changes in plasma concentrations of lh in the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens). 1978418826
isoenzyme status and genetic variability of serum esterases in the lesser snow goose, anser caerulescens caerulescens.a maximum of 22 bands comprising four esterase subgroups--acetylesterase, carboxylesterase, cholinesterase, and acetylcholinesterase--were detected following electrophoresis of lesser snow goose sera on polyacrylamide gels. a minimum of seven structural genes was surmised to be involved in the biosynthesis of these enzymes following physiochemical characterizations. the genetic variability of these loci was calculated to be 1.25% average heterozygosity, while 14.3% of the loci were polymorphic. ...1977921742
lesser snow goose helminths show recurring and positive parasite infection-diversity relations.the patterns and mechanisms by which biological diversity is associated with parasite infection risk are important to study because of their potential implications for wildlife population's conservation and management. almost all research in this area has focused on host species diversity and has neglected parasite diversity, despite evidence that parasites are important drivers of community structure and ecosystem processes. here, we assessed whether presence or abundance of each of nine helmin ...201728229044
limnological regime shifts caused by climate warming and lesser snow goose population expansion in the western hudson bay lowlands (manitoba, canada).shallow lakes are dominant features in subarctic and arctic landscapes and are responsive to multiple stressors, which can lead to rapid changes in limnological regimes with consequences for aquatic resources. we address this theme in the coastal tundra region of wapusk national park, western hudson bay lowlands (canada), where climate has warmed during the past century and the lesser snow goose (lsg; chen caerulescens caerulescens) population has grown rapidly during the past ∽40 years. integra ...201525750718
ecological implications of reduced forage quality on growth and survival of sympatric geese.allometric constraints associated with digesting leaves require relatively small avian herbivores to consume high-quality forage. how such constraints are overcome during ontogeny when energy and nutrient requirements are relatively high has not been adequately explored. we compared growth trajectories of canada and lesser snow goose goslings raised on grass-based diets that differed in protein (10%, 14% or 18%) and fibre (30% or 45%) with those of free-living goslings on akimiski island, canada ...201525081822
evidence of territoriality and species interactions from spatial point-pattern analyses of subarctic-nesting geese.quantifying spatial patterns of bird nests and nest fate provides insights into processes influencing a species' distribution. at cape churchill, manitoba, canada, recent declines in breeding eastern prairie population canada geese (branta canadensis interior) has coincided with increasing populations of nesting lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) and ross's geese (chen rossii). we conducted a spatial analysis of point patterns using canada goose nest locations and nest fate, and ...201324312520
effects of exploitation on an overabundant species: the lesser snow goose predicament.invasive and overabundant species are an increasing threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning world-wide. as such, large amounts of money are spent each year on attempts to control them. these efforts can, however, be thwarted if exploitation is compensated demographically or if populations simply become too numerous for management to elicit an effective and rapid functional response. we examined the influence of these mechanisms on cause-specific mortality in lesser snow geese using mult ...201424111581
predators, alternative prey and climate influence annual breeding success of a long-lived sea duck.1. perturbations to ecosystems have the potential to directly and indirectly affect species interactions, with subsequent impacts on population dynamics and the vital rates that regulate them. 2. the few long-term studies of common eider breeding ecology indicate that reproductive success is low in most years, interrupted by occasional boom years. however, no study has explicitly examined the drivers of long-term variation in reproductive success. 3. here, we use encounter history data collected ...201323362924
rapid environmental degradation in a subarctic ecosystem influences resource use of a keystone avian herbivore.1. environmental degradation can change resource use strategies of animals and thereby affect survival and fitness. arctic herbivores may be especially susceptible to the effects of such environmental change because their rapid growth rates demand high-quality forage, which may be limited as environmental conditions deteriorate. we studied the consequences of a trophic cascade, driven by lesser snow goose (chen caerulescens caerulescens) overgrazing on the south-west coast of hudson bay, canada, ...201222471734
growth responses of arctic graminoids following grazing by captive lesser snow geese.the effects of grazing by captive goslings of the lesser snow goose on coastal vegetation at la pérouse by. manitoba were investigated. swards of carex subspathacea, festuca rubra and calamagrostis deschampsioides were grazed once for different periods (0-180 min) and regrowth of vegetation determined, based on measurements of standing crop, net above-ground primary production (napp) and forage quality (leaf nitrogen content). the amounts of foliage removed from swards of carex subspathacea incr ...199328313815
the genetic legacy of mother goose--phylogeographic patterns of lesser snow goose chen caerulescens caerulescens maternal lineages.by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify and sequence 178 bp of a rapidly evolving region of the mtdna genome (segment i of the control region) from 81 individuals, approximately 11% of the variation present in the lesser snow goose chen caerulescens caerulescens l. mitochondrial genome was surveyed. the 26 types of mtdna detected formed two distinct mitochondrial clades that differ by an average of 6.7% and are distributed across the species range. restriction analysis of amplified fra ...19921344986
color preferences in the lesser snow goose and their possible role in mate selection. 19725027180
hepatic microsomal metabolism of bde-47 and bde-99 by lesser snow geese and japanese quail.in the present study, we investigated the oxidative biotransformation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (bde-47) and 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (bde-99) by liver microsomes from wild lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) and domesticated japanese quail (coturnix japonica). formation of hydroxy-metabolites was analyzed using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method. incubation of bde-47 with avian liver microsomes produced si ...201728525869
decadal declines in avian herbivore reproduction: density-dependent nutrition and phenological mismatch in the arctic.a full understanding of population dynamics depends not only on estimation of mechanistic contributions of recruitment and survival, but also knowledge about the ecological processes that drive each of these vital rates. the process of recruitment in particular may be protracted over several years, and can depend on numerous ecological complexities until sexually mature adulthood is attained. we addressed long-term declines (23 breeding seasons, 1992-2014) in the per capita production of young b ...201728403519
what to eat now? shifts in polar bear diet during the ice-free season in western hudson bay.under current climate trends, spring ice breakup in hudson bay is advancing rapidly, leaving polar bears (ursus maritimus) less time to hunt seals during the spring when they accumulate the majority of their annual fat reserves. for this reason, foods that polar bears consume during the ice-free season may become increasingly important in alleviating nutritional stress from lost seal hunting opportunities. defining how the terrestrial diet might have changed since the onset of rapid climate chan ...201324223286
isolation and characterization of brachyspira spp. including "brachyspira hampsonii" from lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) in the canadian arctic.brachyspira is associated with diarrhea and colitis in pigs, and control of these pathogens is complicated by their complex ecology. identification of wildlife reservoirs of brachyspira requires the discrimination of colonized animals and those simply contaminated through environmental exposure. lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) were sampled in the canadian arctic during the summer of 2011, and cloacal swabs were cultured on selective media. brachyspira isolates were obtained fr ...201323933825
do geese fully develop brood patches? a histological analysis of lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) and ross's geese (c. rossii).most birds develop brood patches before incubation; epidermis and dermis in the brood patch region thicken, and the dermal connective tissue becomes increasingly vascularized and infiltrated by leukocytes. however, current dogma states that waterfowl incubate without modifications of skin within the brood patch region. the incubation periods of lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter called snow geese) and ross's geese (c. rossii) are 2-6 days shorter than those of other goo ...200616432729
a general model for the analysis of mark-resight, mark-recapture, and band-recovery data under tag loss.estimates of waterfowl demographic parameters often come from resighting studies where birds fit with individually identifiable neck collars are resighted at a distance. concerns have been raised about the effects of collar loss on parameter estimates, and the reliability of extrapolating from collared individuals to the population. models previously proposed to account for collar loss do not allow survival or harvest parameters to depend on neck collar presence or absence. also, few models have ...200415606410
nitrogen dynamics in an alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese.lesser snow geese (anser caerulescens caerulescens) and canada geese (branta canadensis) use several salt marshes in cook inlet, alaska, as stopover areas for brief periods during spring migration. we investigated the effects of geese on nitrogen cycling processes in susitna flats, one of the marshes. we compared net nitrogen mineralization, organic nitrogen pools and production in buried bags, nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria, and soil and litter characteristics on grazed plots versus paired ...200228547263
foraging time and dietary intake by breeding ross's and lesser snow geese.we compared foraging times of female ross's (chen rossii) and lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) breeding at karrak lake, nt, canada and examined variation due to time of day and reproductive stage. we subsequently collected female geese that had foraged for known duration and we estimated mass of foods consumed during foraging bouts. female ross's geese spent more time foraging (mean % ± se =28.4±1.3%; p=0.0002), on average, than did female lesser snow geese (21.5 ± 1.4%). forag ...200128547172
forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity.we measured forage intake, digestibility, and retention time for 11 free-ranging, human-imprinted lesser snow geese (chen caerulescens caerulescens) as they consumed underground stembases of tall cotton-grass (eriophorum angustifolium) on an arctic staging area in northeastern alaska. geese fed in small patches ([formula: see text]=21.5 m(2)) of forage that made up ≤3% of the study area and consisted of high-quality "aquatic graminoid" and intermediate-quality "wet sedge" vegetation types. domin ...199628307834
frequency-dependent fitness consequences of intraspecific nest parasitism in snow geese.the reproductive efficiency, defined as the number of breeding recruits produced per egg laid; of intraspecific nest parasites; of hosts in parasitized nests; and of unparasitized nesting females, was measured for 14 years for lesser snow geese anser caerulescens caerulescens nesting near churchill, manitoba, canada. relative efficiencies were 0.71-0.88, 0.91, and 1.0 for eggs of parasites, hosts, and unparasitized birds, respectively. differences in the hatching probabilities of the three class ...199028564307
life history studies of the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens). vi. plumage polymorphism, assortative mating and fitness.the investigated the hypothesis that positive assortative mating for plumage coloration observed in populations of the dichromatic lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens) evolved and persists due to selective advantages accruing to individuals choosing mates phenotypically similar to themselves. we examined potential differences between pure (white × white, blue × blue) and mixed (white × blue, blue × white) pairs for an array of fitness components related to both fecundity and viabi ...198528561360
life history studies of the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens). iii. the selective value of plumage polymorphism: net fecundity.between 1969 and 1977 the frequency of the blue phenotype of the dimorphic lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens) showed a steady increase at the la pérouse bay colony near churchill, manitoba. cooch (1961, 1963) suggested the global increase resulted from selection pressures favoring blue individuals. the selection hypothesis was evaluated by examining phenotypic differences in net fecundity. we partitioned the reproductive cycle into a series of stages, each defined by a particula ...198528563650
life history studies of the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens). iv. the selective value of plumage polymorphism: net viability, the timing of maturation, and breeding propensity.cooch (1961, 1963) suggested that changes in the genotypic composition of snow goose colonies comprising the hudson bay-foxe basin population could be attributed to selection favoring the blue phenotype. in the preceding paper (cooke et al., 1985), we examined potential differences in net fecundity between the two phenotypes at la pérouse bay in northern manitoba. no substantial differences in any component of fecundity were detected. in the present paper, we examined potential differences in pr ...198528563631
genetic and environmental components of clutch size variance in a wild population of lesser snow geese (anser caerulescens caerulescens). 198328568123
synchrony in the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens). ii. the adaptive value of reproductive synchrony. 198228568240
breeding synchrony in the lesser snow goose (anser caerulescens caerulescens): i. genetic and environmental components of hatch date variability and their effects on hatch synchrony. 198228563155
the use of nutrient reserves by breeding male lesser snow geese chen caerulescens caerulescens. 1977606348
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