| effects of mitomycin c on sex of aphelenchus avenae (nematoda) in axenic culture. | | 1974 | 4857113 |
| on hormonal control of moulting in aphelenchus avenae (nematoda: aphelenchida). | ligatures applied to juveniles of a. avenae at particular developmental times and positions limited the moult to the anterior or posterior portion of the nematode. to partition the moult, ligatures needed to be applied from about 4 h after receipt of the stimulus for moulting up till the onset of lethargus. nematodes which were ligated before the stimulus failed to moult, while nematodes which were ligated after the onset of lethargus moulted on both sides of the ligature. if, at the appropriate ... | 1994 | 7928066 |
| anhydrobiosis: plant desiccation gene found in a nematode. | when subjected to drought conditions, some organisms enter a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis, surviving for indefinite periods until rehydration allows them to resume normal metabolism. we have identified a gene in the anhydrobiotic nematode aphelenchus avenae that is upregulated in response to desiccation stress and whose encoded protein shares sequence similarity with a late-embryonic gene that is induced in many plants when they are deprived of water. this finding suggests ... | 2002 | 11882885 |
| tylenchida associated with field crops in tehran and central provinces of iran. | on a survey of plant parasitic nematodes, belonging to the order tylenchida, about 500 soil and root samples were collected from different field crops, such as wheat, barley, tomato, potato, corn, beets, eggplants, cuccumber, melon and also other crops cultivated in tehran and central provinces during 1995-2000. all samples were washed and the nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique. they were fixed and transferred to glycerin, then permanent slides were mounted. morphologica ... | 2002 | 12696441 |
| fungus hosts of aphelenchus avenae bastian, 1865 and bursaphelenchus fungivorus franklin & hooper, 1962 and their attractiveness to these nematode species. | | 1964 | 14222653 |
| lea proteins prevent protein aggregation due to water stress. | lea (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins in both plants and animals are associated with tolerance to water stress resulting from desiccation and cold shock. however, although various functions of lea proteins have been proposed, their precise role has not been defined. recent bioinformatics studies suggest that lea proteins might behave as molecular chaperones, and the current study was undertaken to test this hypothesis. recombinant forms of aavlea1, a group 3 lea protein from the anhydrobiot ... | 2005 | 15631617 |
| dehydration-specific induction of hydrophilic protein genes in the anhydrobiotic nematode aphelenchus avenae. | some organisms can survive exposure to extreme desiccation by entering a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis. the free-living nematode aphelenchus avenae can be induced to enter the anhydrobiotic state by exposure to a moderate reduction in relative humidity. during this preconditioning period, the nematode accumulates large amounts of the disaccharide trehalose, which is thought to be necessary, but not sufficient, for successful anhydrobiosis. to identify other adaptations that ... | 2004 | 15302829 |
| transition from natively unfolded to folded state induced by desiccation in an anhydrobiotic nematode protein. | late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are associated with desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants and in plant seeds, and the recent discovery of a dehydration-induced group 3 lea-like gene in the nematode aphelenchus avenae suggests a similar association in anhydrobiotic animals. despite their importance, little is known about the structure of group 3 lea proteins, although computer modeling and secondary structure algorithms predict a largely alpha-helical monomer that forms coiled c ... | 2003 | 12569097 |
| gametogenesis in amphimictic and parthenogenetic populations of aphelenchus avenae. | the female reproductive system of aphelenchus avenae, studied in orcein-stained material, showed a peculiar structural pattern not yet reported in other nematodes. chromosome morphology and behavior during gametogenesis could be studied in more detail than in other tylenchid or aphelenchid species investigated to date. in a bisexual population from australia, gametogenesis was by normal meiosis and reproduction by amphimixis. the haploid chromosome number was n=8 in both males and females, and n ... | 1976 | 19308216 |
| fatty acid composition and dynamics of selected fungal-feeding nematodes and fungi. | fatty acid profiles of fungal-feeding nematodes, aphelenchus avenae and aphelenchoides composticola, and selected fungi were determined in microcosm cultures of agar, broth, or sand amended with organic matter. fatty acids of a. avenae and a. composticola included 16:0 18:0, 18:1omega7, 18:1omega9, 18:2, 20:0, 20:1, 20:2, 20:3 and 20:4 phospholipid fatty acids (plfas) and neutral lipid fatty acids (nlfas). the nematodes differed in relative amounts of saturated and c(18) fatty acids. similar c(1 ... | 2001 | 11544084 |
| age specific sensitivity of the nematode aphelenchus avenae to mercury toxicity. | | 1998 | 9702369 |
| an unusual cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase from nematodes. | the search for an unusual cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase in nematodes represented an attempt to gain some insight into the proposed homology of the camp and cgmp-dependent protein kinases. two species of protein kinase were found in high speed supernatants of the mycophagous nematode aphelenchus avenae. one of the two, bound to deae cellulose and was eluted from it in a manner characteristic of the type i camp kinase. the enzyme had high affinity for camp and dissociated upon binding ... | 1984 | 6097255 |
| substrates respired by mitochondrial fractions of two isolates of the nematode aphelenchus avenae and the effects of electron transport inhibitors. | electron transport has been assayed and compared in two isolates (m and f) of the free-living (model) nematode aphelenchus avenae. of the substrates tested only alpha-glycerophosphate and succinate were utilised to any significant extent by both isolates. comparative data on respiratory rates, respiratory control ratios and adp:o ratios for various substrates are given. succinate oxidation by isolate-f mitochondria was ca 80-90% sensitive to antimycin a while that of isolate m was almost complet ... | 1984 | 6088169 |
| anhydrobiotic coiling of nematodes in soil. | nematodes of three genera (acrobeloides sp., aphelenchus avenae, and scutellonema brachyurum) were induced to coil and enter anhydrobiosis in drying soil of two types: sandy loam and loamy sand. coiling was studied in relationship to soil moisture characteristics. coiling and the physiological state of anhydrobiosis occurred before the water in sandy soils reached a water potential of -15 bars. coiling was maximum at 3-6 bars, depending on the soil type and nematode species. it appeared that ind ... | 1979 | 19305555 |
| influence of aphelenchus avenae on vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal growth response in cotton. | the influence of aphelenchus avenae on the relationship between cotton (gossypium hirsutum 'stoneville 213') and gigaspora margarita or glomus etunicatus was assessed by its effect on the mycorrhizal stimulation of plant growth and microorganism reproduction. the mycophagous nematode usually did not suppress stimulation of shoot growth resulting from mycorrhizae (g. margarita) at inoculum levels of 3,000 or 6,000 nematodes per pot, but retarded root growth at 6,000 per pot. when the nematode ino ... | 1981 | 19300721 |
| resistance of anhydrobiotic aphelenchus avenae to methyl bromide fumigation. | the effect of methyl bromide (mb) was tested on active and anhydrobiotic aphelenchus avenae. a. avenae was induced into anhydrobiosis by three different techniques. both active and anhydrobiotic nematodes were subjected to 3,000 mu1 mb/liter air for 14 periods from 0 to 82 h. anhydrobiotic nematodes were more resistant to fumigation than active nematodes, regardless of the technique used to induce anhydrobiosis. the percent survival decreased with increasing mb exposures (mu1 mb x h). for an ld ... | 1980 | 19300665 |
| response of pinus ponderosa seedlings to stylet-bearing nematodes. | of 12 stylet-bearing nematodes used for inoculations, pratylenchus penetrans, p. brachyurus, p. vulnus, ditylenchus destructor, meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, and m. hapla reproduced on pinus ponderosa, while xiphinema index, aphelenchus avenae, paratylenehus neoamblycephalus, tylenchulus semipenetrans, and macroposthonia xenoplax did not. p. vulnus, p. brachyurus, p. penetrans, a. avenae, d. destructor, t. semipenetrans, and p. neoamblycephalus significantly suppressed both the shoot and r ... | 1979 | 19300659 |
| studies on lasioseius scapulatus, a mesostigmatid mite predaceous on nematodes. | the life history and feeding habits of lasioseius scapulatus, an ascid predator and potential biocontrol agent of nematodes, was examined. reproduction was asexual, and the life cycle was 8-10 days at room temperature. life history consisted of the egg, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult. both nymphal stages and the adult captured and consumed nematodes. two fungal genera and eight genera of nematodes were suitable food sources. second-stage root-knot nematode juveniles were eaten, but eggs and a ... | 1983 | 19295841 |
| population development and reproduction of fungus- and bacterium feeding nematodes in the presence of insect growth regulators. | the insect growth regulators (igrs), diflubenzuron and bay sir 8514, at 300 and 1,000 ppm a.i. in potato dextrose agar (pda) inhibited the radial growth of the fungus rhizoctonia solani host of aphelenchus avenae. the igrs had no effect on the growth of the bacterium pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes host of acrobeloides nanus and diplogaster iheritieri. at 59 ppm a.i., neither igr inhibited the population development of a. nanus and d. iheritieri on p. pseudoalcaligenes; however, diflubenzuron stim ... | 1983 | 19295773 |
| anhydrobiosis in nematodes ii: carbohydrate and lipid analysis in undesiccated and desiccate nematodes. | glycogen, trehalose, glucose, and total lipid contents of six nematode species were studied. anhydrobiotic anguina tritici and ditylencbus dipsaci stored trehalose in preference to glycogen and only small amounts of glucose were detected. glycogen content was also reduced in anhydrobiotic aphelenchus avenae. conversely, panagrellus redivivus and turbatrix aceti contained large amounts of glycogen, appreciable amounts of glucose, and minimal amounts of trehalose. ditylenchus myceliophagous "curds ... | 1982 | 19295689 |
| sensitivity of acetylcholinesterases from aphelenchus avenae to organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides. | the sensitivities of acetylcholinesterases (ache) from the nematode aphelenchus avenae and the house fly musca domestica to various pesticides were compared using a colorimetric assay. ache from a. avenae were generally less sensitive than ache from m. domestica to inhibition by organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides. carbamates were somewhat more inhibiting than organophosphorous pesticides to nematode ache. in vivo tests with concentrations of various pesticides up to 500 ppm in sand cause ... | 1987 | 19290128 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags and identification of genes encoding cell-wall-degrading enzymes from the fungivorous nematode aphelenchus avenae. | the fungivorus nematode, aphelenchus avenae is widespread in soil and is found in association with decaying plant material. this nematode is also found in association with plants but its ability to cause plant disease remains largely undetermined. the taxonomic position and intermediate lifestyle of a. avenae make it an important model for studying the evolution of plant parasitism within the nematoda. in addition, the exceptional capacity of this nematode to survive desiccation makes it an impo ... | 2009 | 19917084 |
| inhibition of acetylcholinesterases from aphelenchus avenae by carbofuran and fenamiphos. | exposure to carbofuran and fenamiphos for 72 hours reduced the numbers of active aphelenchus avenae in aqueous suspension by > 75%. when nematicides were removed, many a. avenae exposed to carbofuran resumed normal movement but a. avenae treated with fenamiphos did not recover. acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity was suppressed by > 95% in nematodes treated with carbofuran or fenamiphos. however, 48 hours after treated nematodes had been placed in water, ache activity in carbofuran treated popu ... | 1990 | 19287708 |
| carbamate and organophosphorus nematicides: acetylcholinesterase inhibition and effects on dispersal. | the sensitivities of acetylcholinesterases (ache) from the fungus-feeder aphelenchus avenae and the plant-parasitic species helicotylenchus dihystera and pratylenchus penetrans and the housefly, musca domestica, were compared using a radiometric assay which utilized h(3) acetylcholine as a substrate. nematode ache were generally less sensitive to inhibition by organophosphorns and carbamate pesticides than were ache from the housefly. ache from the plant-parasitic species and a. avenae were gene ... | 1989 | 19287642 |
| a lectin-mediated resistance of higher fungi against predators and parasites. | fruiting body lectins are ubiquitous in higher fungi and characterized by being synthesized in the cytoplasm and up-regulated during sexual development. the function of these lectins is unclear. a lack of phenotype in sexual development upon inactivation of the respective genes argues against a function in this process. we tested a series of characterized fruiting body lectins from different fungi for toxicity towards the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, the mosquito aedes aegypti and the amoeba ... | 2011 | 21486374 |
| biological control of soil pests by mixed application of entomopathogenic and fungivorous nematodes. | in greenhouse experiments, massive application of the fungivorous nematode, aphelenchus avenae, in summer at 26-33 c (1 x l0 nematodes/500 cm(3) autoclaved soil) or in autumn at 18-23 c (5 x 10 nematodes/500 cm(3) autoclaved soil) suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlings due to rhizoctonia solani ag-4 by 67% or 87%, respectively. application of 2 x l0 a. avenae to sterilized soil infested with r. solani caused leafminer-like symptom on the cotyledons, which did not occur in mix ... | 1991 | 19283109 |
| coiling is not essential to anhydrobiosis by aphelenchus avenae on agar amended with sucrose. | the roles of preconditioning and coiling upon entrance into anhydrobiosis by aphelenchus avenae were tested via video-assisted analysis at 25(2) degrees c. fourth-stage juveniles or young adults of a. avenae were individually placed on 5% agar containing 0.8 m sucrose. nematodes became quiescent within 3 hr, then gradually resumed a low level of activity and assumed a coiled posture. high desiccation survival rate was recorded when nematodes were incubated on agar for more than 6 hr; the surviva ... | 2006 | 19259428 |
| [effect of the soil contamination with a potato cyst-forming nematode on the community structure of soil-inhabiting nematodes]. | nematode community structure of the potato fields with different infection levels of potato cyst-forming nematode (pcn) such as 10, 30 and 214 cysts per 100 g of soil has been investigated. the influence of specialized parasite on nematode fauna and dominance character of different ecological-trophic groups were described. parasitic nematode genera in natural meadow biocenosis and agrocenoses without pcn are paratylenchus, tylenchorhynchus, and helicotylenchus. it is established, that paratylenc ... | 2008 | 19198175 |
| identification of a novel nematotoxic protein by challenging the model mushroom coprinopsis cinerea with a fungivorous nematode. | the dung of herbivores, the natural habitat of the model mushroom coprinopsis cinerea, is a nutrient-rich but also very competitive environment for a saprophytic fungus. we showed previously that c. cinerea expresses constitutive, tissue-specific armories against antagonists such as animal predators and bacterial competitors. in order to dissect the inducible armories against such antagonists, we sequenced the poly(a)-positive transcriptome of c. cinerea vegetative mycelium upon challenge with f ... | 2015 | 26585824 |
| three-dimensional reconstruction of the stomatostylet and anterior epidermis in the nematode aphelenchus avenae (nematoda: aphelenchidae) with implications for the evolution of plant parasitism. | a three-dimensional model of the stomatostylet and associated structures has been reconstructed from serial thin sections of aphelenchus avenae, a representative of tylenchomorpha, a group including most plant parasitic nematodes. the reconstruction is compared with previous work on bacteriovorous cephalobids and rhabditids to better understand the evolution of the stylet and its associated cells. two arcade syncytia ("guide ring") line the stylet shaft, supporting the hypothesis that the stylet ... | 2008 | 18570305 |
| hydrophilic protein associated with desiccation tolerance exhibits broad protein stabilization function. | the ability of certain plants, invertebrates, and microorganisms to survive almost complete loss of water has long been recognized, but the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon remain to be defined. one phylogenetically widespread adaptation is the presence of abundant, highly hydrophilic proteins in desiccation-tolerant organisms. the best characterized of these polypeptides are the late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins, first described in plant seeds >20 years ago but recently identifi ... | 2007 | 17984052 |
| ecotoxicological assessment of the impact of residual heavy metals on soil nematodes in the guadiamar river basin (southern spain). | on 25 april 1998, as a consequence of the breaking of a dam containing the tailings of a pyrite mine, a land strip of approximately 43 km in length was covered with a layer of black sludge, containing high levels of heavy metals, along the guadiamar river basin (southern spain). in this investigation we carried out an ecotoxicological assessment (field and laboratory studies) of the impact of residual heavy metals (cu, pb, zn, ni) on soil nematodes in the impacted riparian zone, two years after ... | 2006 | 16779593 |
| comparative biochemistry of folate metabolism in aphelenchus avenae and nippostrongylus brasiliensis (nematoda). | | 1974 | 4547162 |
| dehydration-regulated processing of late embryogenesis abundant protein in a desiccation-tolerant nematode. | late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins occur in desiccation-tolerant organisms, including the nematode aphelenchus avenae, and are thought to protect other proteins from aggregation. surprisingly, expression of the lea protein aavlea1 in a. avenae is partially discordant with that of its gene: protein is present in hydrated animals despite low cognate mrna levels. moreover, on desiccation, when its gene is upregulated, aavlea1 is specifically cleaved to discrete, smaller polypeptides. a proc ... | 2005 | 16023104 |
| dehydration-induced tps gene transcripts from an anhydrobiotic nematode contain novel spliced leaders and encode atypical gt-20 family proteins. | accumulation of the non-reducing disaccharide trehalose is associated with desiccation tolerance during anhydrobiosis in a number of invertebrates, but there is little information on trehalose biosynthetic genes in these organisms. we have identified two trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps) genes in the anhydrobiotic nematode aphelenchus avenae and determined full length cdna sequences for both; for comparison, full length tps cdnas from the model nematode, caenorhabditis elegans, have also been ... | 2005 | 15935281 |
| mineralization of cellulose in the presence of chitin and assemblages of microflora and fauna in soil. | nitrogen content is an important factor controlling decomposition of resistant substrates. we examined the decomposition of purified cellulose in the presence of a structurally similar, resistant organic n compound, chitin. carbon-14-labelled cellulose was added to sterile ari-dried sandy loam soil in flasks, half of which were also amended with purified chitin. grassland soil organisms-a fungus (fusarium oxysporum) or a bacterium (flavobacterium sp.) with or without their respective nematode gr ... | 1983 | 28310541 |
| [interactions between fungal-feeding nematodes and fungi and their effects on soil nitrogen mineralization]. | a species of fungal-feeding nematodes (aphelenchus avenae) and two species of fungi (micheli corticolus and moniliaceae sp.) were isolated from an alluvial soil planted with paddy-rice and wheat in subtropical region. in order to approach their interactions and effects on soil nitrogen mineralization, a gnotobiotic microcosm experiment was carried out with four treatments, i.e., 1) soil + fungi-i (m. corticolus), 2) soil + fungi i + aphelenchus avenae, 3) soil + fungi ii (moniliaceae sp.), and 4 ... | 2004 | 15825446 |
| temperature-induced phase transitions in nematode lipids and their influence on respiration. | temperature-induced phase transitions estimated by electron spin resonance (esr) technique were ohscrved in the lipids of several nematode species. in both meloidogyne javanica and caenorhahditis elegans, there was a phase transition in their phospholipids from a liquid-crystalline state to a solid gel state at about 10 c. aphelenchus avenae also had a phase transition, but at about 20 c. with this species, the spin-label motion parameters indicated the transition was from the liquid-crystalline ... | 1975 | 19308140 |
| observations on development of the gonad and on reproduction in aphelenchus avenae. | nuclear changes occurring in male and female gonads of aphelenchus avenae during postembryogenesis were studied in relation to time and feeding periods on rhizoetonia solani. development of the female gonad was similar to that in other nematode species, but development of the male gonad followed the growth pattern of female rather than male gonads. this deviation was explained by the assumption that males in antphimictic populations have appeared as the resnlt of recent evolntion of such populat ... | 1976 | 19308231 |
| survival and reproduction of some nematodes as affected by muck and organic acids. | fulvic, humic, acetic, n-bulyric, formic, lactic, and propionic acids were inhibitory to the survival or reproduction of aphelenchus avenae, aphelenchoides goodeyi, helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, meloidogyne hapla or xiphinema americanum. reproduction of h. pseudorobustus and m. hapla significantly increased with increasing amounts of muck added to sand, and with the initial amount of nematode inoculum. all acids except humic and fulvic were lethal, in vitro, to all nematode species tested. whe ... | 1973 | 19319297 |
| cuticle ultrastructure of hemicycliophora arenaria, aphelenchus avenae, hirschmanniella gracilis and hirschmanniella belli. | ultrathin sections of all parasitic stages of hemicycliophora arenaria revealed two major divisions in the body covering. the outermost was a seven-layered sheath and the innermost a five-layered cuticle comprising three zones; an outer trilaminate cortex, a fibrillar matrix and a striated basal layer. the body covering of the nonparasitic males also exhibited two major divisions: the outer, a relatively thin four-layered sheath and the inner, a six-layered cuticle consisting of three zones; an ... | 1970 | 19322273 |
| cuticle formation in hemicycliophora arenaria, aphelenchus avenae and hirschmanniella gracilis. | the onset of molting in all stages of hemicycliophora arenaria was preceded by the appearance of numerous, discrete globular structures which were termed "molting bodies" because they were present in the hypodermis only during the production of the new cuticle. in all parasitic stages the molt commenced with the separation of the cuticle from the hypodermis from which the new sheath and cuticle were differentiated. following completion of the new sheath and cuticle most of the old outer covering ... | 1970 | 19322274 |
| comparative disc-electrophoretic protein analyses of selected meloidogyne, ditylenchus, heterodera and aphelenchus spp. | disc-electrophoretic separation of soluble proteins from whole nematode homogenates yielded band profiles useful for distinguishing selected species of meloidogyne and ditylenchus, and the genera heterodera, and aphelenchus. certain protein bands were common to all the species of meloidogyne, whereas other bands were specific. meloidogyne spp. and heterodera glycines shared some protein similarities, but other genera differed distinctly. protein profiles of meloidogyne spp. were not significantl ... | 1970 | 19322314 |
| metabolism of glycogen and neutral lipids by aphelenchus avenae and caenorhabditis sp. in aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic environments. | starving aphelenchus avenae survived 3-4 weeks in microaerobic and anaerobic environments, but caenorhabditis sp. survived less than 80 hr. aerobically, both nematodes metabolize neutral lipid reserves: there was no microaerobic ( <5% o) or anaerobic neutral lipid catabolism. early in anaerobiosis both nematodes utilized endogenous glycogen. caenorhabditis sp. depleted the glycogen and died. a. avenae under oxygen stress longer than 120 hr entered cryptobiosis, during which there was neither mea ... | 1970 | 19322317 |
| dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, and esterases for chemotaxonomy of selected meloidogyne, ditylenchus, heterodera and aphelenchus spp. | various taxonomically useful profiles of four dehydrogenases (lactate, malate, glucose-6-phosphate, and a-glycerophosphate) and three hydrolases (acid and alkaline phosphatase and esterase) were detected in whole nematode homogenates of meloidogynejavanica, m. hapla, m. incognita, m. arenaria, ditylenchus dipsaci, d. triformis, heterodera glycines, and aphelenchus avenae. the enzyme profiles were stable in populations cultured on several different hosts. a tentative enzymically-determined phylog ... | 1971 | 19322334 |
| respiration responses of a caenorhabditis sp. and aphelenchus avenae to the nematicide, 1,2-dibromoethane (edb). | the respiration rate of third stage larvae of caenorhabditis sp. exposed to 0.53 x 10(2) m edb was 120% greater than in untreated checks and was highest shortly after the exposure began. similarly-treated third- and fourth-stage aphelenchus avenae exhibited no marked respiratory response. different responses of these animals to edb probably reflect basic physiological differences between the nematodes. | 1971 | 19322356 |
| correlations of nematodes and soil properties in soybean fields. | soil samples from 40 soybean fields were collected in 1967 and 1968 and analyzed for nematodes and soil properties. correlations o f total nematodes, non-stylet nematodes, dorylaimoidea (excluding xiphinema americanum), x. americanum, helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, tylenchus spp., aphelenchus avenae, and other groupings of nematodes were made with ph; percentage sand, silt, and clay; percentage organic matter; cation exchange capacity; saturation percentage, and percentage saturation. organic m ... | 1971 | 19322361 |
| ethanol production and utilization by aphelenchus avenae and caenorhabditis sp. | in microaerobic and anaerobic environments the principal glycolytic end-product of a. avenae and caenorhabditis sp. was lactic acid during the first 12-16 hr, after which it was ethanol. upon return to aerobiosis, (1)c-labeled ethanol in the medium was utilized by the nematodes; (1)co and some (1)c-labeled glycogen was detected. total dry weight loss of non-feeding nematodes was 25% greater in the absence of alcohol than in the presence of ethanol or n-propanol. physical movement and respiration ... | 1971 | 19322371 |
| comparative, three-dimensional anterior sensory reconstruction of aphelenchus avenae (nematoda: tylenchomorpha). | the anterior sensory anatomy (not including amphids) of the nematode aphelenchus avenae (tylenchomorpha) has been three-dimensionally reconstructed from serial, transmission electron microscopy thin sections. models, showing detailed morphology and spatial relationships of cuticular sensilla and internal sensory receptors, are the first computerized reconstruction of sensory structures of a tylenchomorpha nematode. results are analyzed with respect to similarly detailed reconstructions of rhabdi ... | 2009 | 19824103 |
| expression profiling and cross-species rna interference (rnai) of desiccation-induced transcripts in the anhydrobiotic nematode aphelenchus avenae. | some organisms can survive extreme desiccation by entering a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis. the free-living mycophagous nematode aphelenchus avenae can be induced to enter anhydrobiosis by pre-exposure to moderate reductions in relative humidity (rh) prior to extreme desiccation. this preconditioning phase is thought to allow modification of the transcriptome by activation of genes required for desiccation tolerance. | 2010 | 20085654 |
| catalytic and chaperone-like functions in an intrinsically disordered protein associated with desiccation tolerance. | intrinsically disordered proteins (idps) lack well-defined structure but are widely represented in eukaryotic proteomes. although the functions of most idps are not understood, some have been shown to have molecular recognition and/or regulatory roles where their disordered nature might be advantageous. anhydrin is an uncharacterized idp induced by dehydration in an anhydrobiotic nematode, aphelenchus avenae. we show here that anhydrin is a moonlighting protein with two novel, independent functi ... | 2010 | 20805515 |
| molecular anhydrobiology: identifying molecules implicated in invertebrate anhydrobiosis. | studies in anhydrobiotic plants have defined many genes which are upregulated during desiccation, but comparable studies in invertebrates are at an early stage. to develop a better understanding of invertebrate anhydrobiosis, we have begun to characterise dehydration-inducible genes and their proteins in anhydrobiotic nematodes and bdelloid rotifers; this review emphasises recent findings with a hydrophilic nematode protein. initial work with the fungivorous nematode aphelenchus avenae led to th ... | 2005 | 21676820 |
| Macromolecular and small molecule modulation of intracellular Aß42 aggregation and associated toxicity. | Aß peptide has a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) where neuronal toxicity is linked to its extracellular and intracellular accumulation as oligomeric species. Searching for molecules that attenuate Aß aggregation could uncover novel therapies for AD, but most studies in mammalian cells have inferred aggregation indirectly by assessing levels of secreted Aß peptide. Here we establish a mammalian cell system for the direct visualisation of ß-amyloid formation by expression of an Aß42-EGFP ... | 2011 | 22150318 |
| induction of glutaredoxin expression in response to desiccation stress in the foliar nematode aphelenchoides fragariae. | desiccation tolerance plays an important role in the overwinter survival of the foliar nematode aphelenchoides fragariae. survival rates of a. fragariae were compared with those of the anhydrobiotic soil-dwelling nematode aphelenchus avenae after desiccation (90% rh), cold (4°c) and osmotic (500 mm sucrose) stress treatments. a. fragariae formed aggregates during desiccation and showed higher survival rates than a. avenae under desiccation and osmotic stress. analysis of transcripts with illumin ... | 2012 | 23483835 |
| molecular characterization and development of real-time pcr assay for pine-wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus (nematoda: parasitaphelenchidae). | bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pine-wood nematode (pwn), is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, one of the most damaging emerging pest problems to forests around the world. it is native to north america where it causes relatively minor damage to native conifers but is labeled an eppo-a-2 pest and a quarantine nematode for many countries outside of the united states because of its potential for destruction to their native conifers. exports of wood logs and commodities involving softwood packa ... | 2013 | 24244367 |
| mapk phosphorylation is implicated in the adaptation to desiccation stress in nematodes. | some nematodes can survive almost complete desiccation by entering an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis requiring the accumulation of protective molecules such as trehalose and lea proteins. however, it is not known how anhydrobiotic organisms sense and regulate the response to water loss. mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are highly conserved signalling proteins that regulate adaptation to various stresses. here, we first compared the anhydrobiotic potential of three nematode specie ... | 2012 | 22972886 |
| effects of microbivore species composition and basal resource enrichment on trophic-level biomasses in an experimental microbial-based soil food web. | previous theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that species composition within trophic levels may profoundly affect the response of trophic-level biomasses to enhanced basal resources. to test whether species composition of microbivorous nematodes has such an effect in microbial-based soil food webs, i created three microcosm food webs, consisting of bacteria, fungi, bacterial-feeding nematodes (acrobeloides tricornus, caenorhabditis elegans), fungal-feeding nematodes (aphelenchus avenae, ... | 1998 | 28307919 |
| the effects of nematodes on bacterial activity and abundance in a freshwater sediment. | the effects of natural nematode communities on bacterial activity and abundance were investigated in a microcosm study. nematodes were added at different densities to a freshwater sediment and bacterial parameters were measured after 1, 5, 9, and 17 days. significant effects of nematode density on bacterial activity were noted on day 5. no long-term changes in bacterial activity were recorded. bacterial abundance displayed an overall decrease in both treatments and controls. in a second experime ... | 1997 | 28307367 |
| consumption of nematodes by fungivorous mites, tyrophagus spp. (acarina: astigmata: acaridae). | free-living nematodes may be attacked and eaten by soil mites which are normally considered fungivores or saprophages. three species in the genus tyrophagus, common inhabitants of grassland soils and also common pests in stored products, museums and laboratories, are predators of nematodes. all active stages of the mites will voraciously consume nematodes. when offered nematodes and a choice of other food (baker's yeast and algae), 11% of the tyrophagus putrescentiae, 23% of the t. zachvatkini, ... | 1986 | 28311921 |
| the oxygen consumption of a freshwater benthic nematode, tobrilus gracilis (bastian). | tobrilus gracilis (bastian) was found to live predominantly in oxygen deficient mud layers of neusiedlersee, austria. the o2-consumption of all active life stages was measured with cartesian diver respirometers. the respiration-body weight regression (r=aw (b); in μl o2·10(-3)/individual·h and μg wet weight) was calculated to be r=0.522 w (0.693). this suggests that the species is not obligatory anaerobic but can use oxygen when available. furthermore, a respiration-body weight regression was ca ... | 1974 | 28308256 |
| nematode reproduction in environments of fluctuating aeration. | reproduction of aphelenchus avenae, reared on rhizoctonia solani growing on steamed wheat seeds and caenorhabditis sp., reared on a mixed bacterial culture grown on oatmeal, was significantly reduced at 5% oxygen and inhibited at 4% oxygen and below. aeration ranging from atmospheric air (21%) to 10% oxygen had no effect on reproduction. close interval (5 days or less) fluctuations, between high and low oxygen concentrations, inhibited population buildup of hemicycliophora arenaria on tomato in ... | 1970 | 19322294 |