| beet necrotic yellow vein virus accumulates inside resting spores and zoosporangia of its vector polymyxa betae bnyvv infects p. betae. | plasmodiophorids and chytrids are zoosporic parasites of algae and land plant and are distributed worldwide. there are 35 species belonging to the order plasmodiophorales and three species, polymyxa betae, p. graminis, and spongospora subterranea, are plant viral vectors. plasmodiophorid transmitted viruses are positive strand rna viruses belonging to five genera. beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) and its vector, p. betae, are the causal agents for rhizomania. | 2007 | 17411435 |
| evolution of rhizaria: new insights from phylogenomic analysis of uncultivated protists. | recent phylogenomic analyses have revolutionized our view of eukaryote evolution by revealing unexpected relationships between and within the eukaryotic supergroups. however, for several groups of uncultivable protists, only the ribosomal rna genes and a handful of proteins are available, often leading to unresolved evolutionary relationships. a striking example concerns the supergroup rhizaria, which comprises several groups of uncultivable free-living protists such as radiolarians, foraminifer ... | 2010 | 21126361 |
| multiplex real-time pcr (taqman) assay for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of potato powdery and common scab diseases and pathogens. | to develop a multiplex real-time pcr assay using taqman probes for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of potato powdery scab and common scab, two potato tuber diseases with similar symptoms, and the causal pathogens spongospora subterranea and plant pathogenic streptomyces spp. | 2011 | 21205099 |
| molecular and biological characterisation of two novel pomo-like viruses associated with potato (solanum tuberosum) fields in colombia. | potato is the fourth most important crop worldwide that is used as a staple food, after rice, wheat and maize. the crop can be affected by a large number of pathogens, including fungi, oomycetes, bacteria and viruses. diseases caused by viruses are among the most important factors contributing to reduced quality and yield of the crop. potato mop-top virus (genus pomovirus) induces necrotic flecks in the tuber flesh and skin of potato in temperate countries. spongospora subterranea is the vector ... | 2016 | 27016929 |
| the plasmodiophora brassicae genome reveals insights in its life cycle and ancestry of chitin synthases. | plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot, a major disease of brassica oil and vegetable crops worldwide. p. brassicae is a plasmodiophorid, obligate biotrophic protist in the eukaryotic kingdom of rhizaria. here we present the 25.5 mb genome draft of p. brassicae, developmental stage-specific transcriptomes and a transcriptome of spongospora subterranea, the plasmodiophorid causing powdery scab on potato. like other biotrophic pathogens both plasmodiophorids are reduced in metabolic pathways. ph ... | 2015 | 26084520 |
| extracellular alkalinization as a defense response in potato cells. | a quantitative and robust bioassay to assess plant defense response is important for studies of disease resistance and also for the early identification of disease during pre- or non-symptomatic phases. an increase in extracellular ph is known to be an early defense response in plants. in this study, we demonstrate extracellular alkalinization as a defense response in potatoes. using potato suspension cell cultures, we observed an alkalinization response against various pathogen- and plant-deriv ... | 2017 | 28174578 |
| composite potato plants with transgenic roots on non-transgenic shoots: a model system for studying gene silencing in roots. | composite potato plants offer an extremely fast, effective and reliable system for studies on gene functions in roots using antisense or inverted-repeat but not sense constructs for gene inactivation. composite plants, with transgenic roots on a non-transgenic shoot, can be obtained by shoot explant transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes. the aim of this study was to generate composite potato plants (solanum tuberosum) to be used as a model system in future studies on root-pathogen interac ... | 2014 | 25182479 |
| global genetics and invasion history of the potato powdery scab pathogen, spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. | spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (sss) causes two diseases on potato (solanum tuberosum), lesions on tubers and galls on roots, which are economically important worldwide. knowledge of global genetic diversity and population structure of pathogens is essential for disease management including resistance breeding. a combination of microsatellite and dna sequence data was used to investigate the structure and invasion history of sss. south american populations (four countries, 132 sample ... | 2013 | 23840791 |
| genomics of biotrophic, plant-infecting plasmodiophorids using in vitro dual cultures. | the plasmodiophorids are a phylogenetically distinct group of parasitic protists that infect plants and stramenopiles, causing several important agricultural diseases. because of the obligate intracellular part of their lifecycle, none of the plasmodiophorids has been axenically cultured. further, the molecular biology of the plasmodiophorids is poorly understood because pure cultures are not available from any species. we report on an in-vitro dual culture system of the plasmodiophorids plasmod ... | 2010 | 21183405 |
| an accelerated soil bait assay for the detection of potato mop top virus in agricultural soil. | an accelerated soil bait test can be used to determine whether a field harbours virus-carrying spongospora subterranea. s. subterranea is the causal agent of powdery scab and also the only vector of potato mop top virus (pmtv). real-time rt-pcr can detect pmtv rna in the roots of bait plants after 2 weeks of growth in viruliferous soil. this test may be used to assess the risk of planting potato crops in a particular field. | 2009 | 19301761 |
| single cystosorus isolate production and restriction fragment length polymorphism characterization of the obligate biotroph spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea. | abstract spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea causes powdery scab in potatoes and is distributed worldwide. genetic studies of this pathogen have been hampered due, in part, to its obligate parasitism and the lack of molecular markers for this pathogen. in this investigation, a single cystosorus inoculation technique was developed to produce large amounts of s. subterranea f. sp. subterranea plasmodia or zoosporangia in eastern black nightshade (solanum ptycanthum) roots from which dna was ... | 2006 | 18943505 |
| in vitro culture of the obligate parasite spongospora subterranea (cercozoa; plasmodiophorida) associated with root-inducing transferred-dna transformed potato hairy roots. | spongospora subterranea is a soil-borne, obligate parasitic protist that causes powdery scab of potatoes. in this study, an in vitro culture system was developed for the maintenance and proliferation of the protist in potato hairy roots. the hairy roots of potato were induced in vitro with agrobacterium rhizogenes. cystosori of s. subterranea from potato scab lesions were surface disinfested and used to inoculate potato hairy roots. plasmodia, zoosporangia, and cystosori were observed microscopi ... | 2007 | 18070323 |
| the native habitat of spongospora subterranea. | | 1915 | 17800732 |
| actin and ubiquitin protein sequences support a cercozoan/foraminiferan ancestry for the plasmodiophorid plant pathogens. | the plasmodiophorids are a group of eukaryotic intracellular parasites that cause disease in a variety of economically significant crops. plasmodiophorids have traditionally been considered fungi but have more recently been suggested to be members of the cercozoa, a morphologically diverse group of amoeboid, flagellate, and amoeboflagellate protists. the recognition that cercozoa constitute a monophyletic lineage has come from phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal rna genes. protein s ... | 2004 | 15068273 |
| fungal transmission of plant viruses. | thirty soilborne viruses or virus-like agents are transmitted by five species of fungal vectors. ten polyhedral viruses, of which nine are in the family tombusviridae, are acquired in the in vitro manner and do not occur within the resting spores of their vectors, olpidium brassicae and o. bornovanus. fungal vectors for other viruses in the family should be sought even though tombusviruses are reputed to be soil transmitted without a vector. eighteen rod-shaped viruses belonging to the furo- and ... | 1996 | 15012536 |
| susceptibility of solanum curtilobum to spongospora subterranea (wallr.) johnson. | | 1951 | 14826780 |
| initial infection of roots and leaves reveals different resistance phenotypes associated with coat protein gene-mediated resistance to potato mop-top virus. | resistance to the pomovirus potato mop-top virus (pmtv) was studied in potato (solanum tuberosum cv. saturna) and nicotiana benthamiana transformed with the coat protein (cp) gene of pmtv. the incidence of pmtv infections was reduced in tubers of the cp-transgenic potatoes grown in the field in soil infested with the viruliferous vector, spongospora subterranea. however, in those tubers that were infected, all three virus rnas were detected and virus titres were high. the cp-transgenic n. bentha ... | 2002 | 11961276 |
| association of sequences in the coat protein/readthrough domain of potato mop-top virus with transmission by spongospora subterranea. | a monofungal culture of spongospora subterranea was unable to acquire and transmit the t isolate of potato mop-top pomovirus (pmtv-t), which has been maintained by manual transmission in the laboratory for 30 years. a recently obtained field isolate (pmtv-s) was efficiently acquired and transmitted by the same fungus culture. sequence analysis of the readthrough (rt) protein-coding region of pmtv-s showed the presence of an additional 543 nt in the 3' half of the coding region relative to that o ... | 1998 | 9780038 |
| identification of structural similarities between putative transmission proteins of polymyxa and spongospora transmitted bymoviruses and furoviruses. | comparison of amino acid sequence and hydropathy profiles shows conserved, structural similarities between the capsid readthrough protein of potato mop top virus (transmitted by spongospora subterranea) and furovirus and bymovirus proteins implicated in transmission by polymyxa spp. this suggests that these proteins have a common ancestry and are involved in a common biological process: virus transmission by plasmodiophorid fungi. | 1996 | 8879126 |
| current status of the plasmodiophorids. | plasmodiophorids are a monophyletic group with uncertain systematic affinities. features of the group include cruciform nuclear division; obligate, intracellular parasitism; biflagellated, heterocont zoospores; and environmentally resistant resting spores. economically significant members of the group include plasmodiophora brassicae, the causative agent of clubroot of cabbage; spongospora subterranea, the causative agent of powdery scab of potato; and two members of the genus polymyxa, vectors ... | 1995 | 8688155 |
| immunity to potato mop-top virus in nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing the coat protein gene is effective against fungal inoculation of the virus. | nicotiana benthamiana stem tissue was transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary vector containing the potato mop-top virus (pmtv) coat protein (cp) gene. pmtv cp was expressed in large amounts in some of the primary transformants. the five transgenic lines which produced the most cp were selected for resistance testing. flowers on transformed plants were allowed to self-fertilize. transgenic seedlings selected from the t1 seed were mechanically inoculated with two strains of ... | 1995 | 7756694 |
| mitochondrial genome sequence of the potato powdery scab pathogen spongospora subterranea. | spongospora subterranea is a soil-borne obligate parasite responsible for potato powdery scab disease. s. subterranea is a member of the order plasmodiophorida, a protist taxa that is related to cercozoa and foraminifera but the fine details of these relationships remain unresolved. currently there is only one available complete mtdna sequence of a cercozoan, bigelowiella natans. in this work, the mitochondrial sequence of a s. subterranea isolate infecting an andean variety of s. tuberosum ssp. ... | 2016 | 24438302 |
| monitoring spongospora subterranea development in potato roots reveals distinct infection patterns and enables efficient assessment of disease control methods. | spongospora subterranea is responsible for significant potato root and tuber disease globally. study of this obligate (non-culturable) pathogen that infects below-ground plant parts is technically difficult. the capacity to measure the dynamics and patterns of root infections can greatly assist in determining the efficacy of control treatments on disease progression. this study used qpcr and histological analysis in time-course experiments to measure temporal patterns of pathogen multiplication ... | 2015 | 26352757 |
| metabolomes of potato root exudates: compounds that stimulate resting spore germination of the soil-borne pathogen spongospora subterranea. | root exudation has importance in soil chemical ecology influencing rhizosphere microbiota. prior studies reported root exudates from host and nonhost plants stimulated resting spore germination of spongospora subterranea, the powdery scab pathogen of potato, but the identities of stimulatory compounds were unknown. this study showed that potato root exudates stimulated s. subterranea resting spore germination, releasing more zoospores at an earlier time than the control. we detected 24 low molec ... | 2016 | 27640528 |
| detection of potato mop-top virus in soils and potato tubers using bait-plant bioassay, elisa and rt-pcr. | the hilly region of northwest of pakistan is leading seed potato producing areas of the country. soil and plant samples were collected from the region and tested for pmtv using both conventional and molecular techniques. the bait plants exhibited pmtv-characteristic v-shaped yellow leaf markings in nicotiana debneyi plants grown in putative viruliferious soils from 20/26 locations. the results were confirmed by back inoculation of sap from both roots and leaves of bait plant on indicator hosts ( ... | 2014 | 24161813 |