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relationship of exo-beta-d-galactofuranosidase kinetic parameters to the number of phosphodiesters in penicillium fellutanum peptidophosphogalactomannan: enzyme purification and kinetics of glycopeptide and galactofuran chain hydrolysis.extracellular penicillium fellutanum exo-beta-d-galactofuranosidase, with a mass of 70 kda, was purified to apparent homogeneity. the enzyme was used to investigate the influence of phosphodiesters of the peptidophosphogalactomannans pp(2)gm(ii) and pp(25)gm(ii) (containing 2 and 25 phosphodiester residues, respectively, per mol of polymer) on the kinetic parameters of galactofuranosyl hydrolysis of these two polymers, of 1-o-methyl-beta-d-galactofuranoside, and of two galactofuranooligosacchari ...200111571168
studies on paraherquamide biosynthesis: synthesis of deuterium-labeled 7-hydroxy-pre-paraherquamide, a putative precursor of paraherquamides a, e & f.the stereocontrolled, asymmetric synthesis of triply deuterium-labeled 7-hydroxy-pre-paraherquamide (27) was accomplished, employing a diastereoselective intramolecular s(n)2' cyclization strategy. the deuterium-labeled substrate was interrogated in a precursor incorporation experiment in the paraherquamide-producing organism penicillium fellutanum. the isolated sample of paraherquamide a revealed incorporation of one of the two geminal deuterons of the cd(2)-group at c-12 exclusively. the lack ...200920161298
studies on silver nanoparticles synthesized by a marine fungus, penicillium fellutanum isolated from coastal mangrove sediment.in this work, in vitro biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved using agno(3) as a substrate by penicillium fellutanum isolated from coastal mangrove sediment. the biosynthesis was faster within minutes of silver ion coming in contact with the cell filtrate. presence of silver nanoparticles in the culture filtrate was confirmed by absorption peak at 430 nm, as well under transmission electron microscope. the biosynthesis of nanoparticles was the maximum when the culture filtrate was tre ...200919269142
proteasome inhibition by fellutamide b induces nerve growth factor synthesis.neurotrophic small molecules have the potential to aid in the treatment of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases. the natural product fellutamide b, originally isolated from penicillium fellutanum, potently induces nerve growth factor (ngf) release from fibroblasts and glial-derived cells, although the mechanism for this neurotrophic activity has not been elucidated. here, we report that fellutamide b potently inhibits proteasome catalytic activity. high-resolution structural informatio ...200818482702
choline derivatives involved in osmotolerance of penicillium fellutanum.penicillium fellutanum is osmotolerant and xerotolerant when cultured in a low-phosphate medium containing 3 m nacl. glycerol and erythritol accumulated in cultures with nacl concentrations up to 2 m; glycerol was the only detectable polyol in cultures containing 3 m nacl. in cultures with 3 m nacl, the intracellular levels of glycine betaine and choline-o-sulfate were 22- and 2.6-fold greater (70 and 46 mm), respectively, than those of cultures without added nacl. the levels of glycine betaine ...199816349488
new diketopiperazine alkaloids from penicillium fellutanum.four new diketopiperazine alkaloids (1-4) were isolated from cultures of penicillium fellutanum, and their structures were determined by ms and nmr measurements.200010843594
synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-fucofuranoside and beta-d-fucofuranosyl-(1-->3)-d-mannopyranose: modified substrates for studies on catalytic requirements of beta-d-galactofuranosidase.syntheses of 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-fucofuranoside (6) and beta-d-fucofuranosyl-(1-->3)-d-mannopyranose (10) are reported. these compounds, as analogues of galactofuranosides, were used for studying the influence of the hydroxyl group at c-6 in the interaction of the substrate with beta-d-galactofuranosidase. for the synthesis of the fucofuranosides, 2,3,5-tri-o-benzoyl-6-bromo-6-deoxy-d-galactono-1,4-lactone (1) was the key intermediate, which upon reduction of the lactone group with diisoamylbor ...200010782280
influence of osmotic and nutritional stress on physiology of penicillium fellutanum in removal of phosphocholine and modification of phospho-1-o-[n-peptidyl-(2-aminoethanol)] phosphodiesters of peptidophosphogalactomannan species.addition of 3 m nacl to 72-h cultures of penicillium fellutanum in 2 mm phosphate resulted in an increase in percentage of extracellular peptidophosphogalactomannan iii (pp(x)gm(iii)) and a decrease in that of pp(x)gm(ii). the magnitude of (31)p nuclear magnetic resonance signals at 1.47 and 1.33 ppm of phospho-1-o-[n-peptidyl-(2-aminoethanol)] phosphodiesters pp(x)gm(ii) and pp(x)gm(iii) decreased compared with controls. the data suggest that serine, glycine, and threonine residues from the 3-k ...200010653760
immobilized 4-aminophenyl 1-thio-beta-d-galactofuranoside as a matrix for affinity purification of an exo-beta-d-galactofuranosidase.an alternative and fast method for the purification of an exo-beta-d-galactofuranosidase has been developed using a 4-aminophenyl 1-thio-beta-d-galactofuranoside affinity chromatography system and specific elution with 10 mm d-galactono-1,4-lactone in a salt gradient. a concentrated culture medium from penicillium fellutanum was chromatographed on deae-sepharose cl 6b followed by chromatography on the affinity column, yielding two separate peaks of enzyme activity when elution was performed with ...199910573856
glycine betaine: reserve form of choline in penicillium fellutanum in low-sulfate medium.in spite of choline's importance in fungal metabolism, its sources in cytoplasm have not been fully established. 13c nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of mycelial extracts from day-5 penicillium fellutanum cultures showed that, as well as choline-o-sulfate, intracellular glycine betaine is another reserve form of choline, depending on the availability of sulfate in the culture medium. these observations are discussed relative to the multiple roles of choline and its precursors in p. fellutanum ...199910049905
the glycosyl-aldonolactone approach for the synthesis of beta-d-galf-(1-->3)-d-manp and 3-deoxy-beta-d-xylo-hexofuranosyl-(1-->3)-d-manp.a convenient synthesis of free beta-d-galf-(1-->3)-d-manp (8a) is reported. the disaccharide is present as external unit in the lipopeptidophosphoglycan (lppg) of trypanosoma cruzi and internally in the lipophosphoglycan (lpg) of leishmania. condensation of 2,5,6-tri-o-benzoyl-d-mannono-1,4-lactone (1) with 1,2,3,5,6-penta-o-benzoyl-d-galactofuranose, promoted by sncl4, led to the beta-glycosyl-lactone, a key intermediate for disaccharide 8a, readily obtained by successive reduction of the lacto ...19989825521
1-thio-beta-d-galactofuranosides: synthesis and evaluation as beta-d-galactofuranosidase inhibitors.beta-d-galactofuranosidase is a good chemotherapeutic target for the design of inhibitors, since beta-d-galactofuranose is a constituent of important parasite glycoconjugates but is not present in the host mammals. with this aim, we have synthesized for the first time alkyl, benzyl and aryl 1-thio-beta-d-galactofuranosides by condensation of penta-o-benzoyl-alpha,beta-d-galactofuranose with the corresponding thiols, in the presence of sncl4as catalyst. the complete chemical and spectroscopical c ...19989675223
primary epitopes of chicken egg yolk antibodies to peptidophosphogalactomannan.egg yolks from hens immunized with peptidophosphogalactomannan (ppgalman(ii)), which contains 10 phosphocholine diester residues and is secreted by penicillium fellutanum, contain antibodies against 5-o-beta-d-galactofuranosyl epitopes. these epitopes were the only significant determinants in ppgalman(ii). approximately 60-fold less ppgalman(ii) (1.6 microm galactofuran chains) was required for 50% inhibition than galactofurano-oligosaccharides or ppgalman containing two galactofuranosyl residue ...19989605999
heat shock treatment releases penicillium phosphoglycopeptide.filtrates of heat (54 degrees) treated day-5 penicillium fellutanum cultures contained 70 mg of peptidophosphogalactomannan-ii; an unheated control contained 30 mg. the polymer contained up to 60 phosphodiesters, and 5-o-beta-d-galactofuranosyl, mannopyranosyl, amino acyl and 2-aminoethanol residues. its 13c nmr spectrum was nearly identical with that of the control polymer. the major 31p nmr signal was phosphocholine phosphodiester at delta 0.22 ppm: significant phosphodiester signals occurred ...19989461674
utilization of phosphocholine from extracellular complex polysaccharide as a source of cytoplasmic choline derivatives in penicillium fellutanum.penicillium fellutanum produces a phosphorylated, choline-containing extracellular polysaccharide, peptidophosphogalactomannan (pp(x)gm) [where x is the number of phosphodiester residues]). the 13c-methyl-labeled pp(x)gm ([methyl-13c]pp(x)gm) was prepared from the cultures supplemented with l-[methyl-13c]methionine and was used as a probe to monitor the fate of phosphocholine in this polymer. the addition of [methyl-13c]pp(x)gm to growing cultures in low-phosphate medium resulted in the disappea ...19979023201
stimulation of nerve growth factor synthesis and secretion by fellutamide a in vitro.fellutamide a, a tripeptide derivative from penicillium fellutanum was found to be a potent enhancer of nerve growth factor (ngf) synthesis and secretion in vitro. this compound enhanced production of ngf in l-m cells, rat brain cells, and rat glial cells. the mode of action of this compound was suggested to be different from that of a known ngf inducer, epinephrine, as inducing activities of fellutamide a and epinephrine were additive when they were admixed at the concentration which gave satur ...19937763492
synthesis of enantiomeric polyhydroxyalkylpyrrolidines from 1,3-dipolar cycloadducts. evaluation as inhibitors of a β-galactofuranosidase.enantiomeric 2,3,4-tris(hydroxyalkyl)-5-phenylpyrrolidines have been synthesized from the major cycloadducts obtained by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of sugar enones with azomethine ylides derived from natural amino acids. reduction of the ketone carbonyl group of the cycloadducts, which possess a basic structure of bicyclic 6-(menthyloxy)hexahydropyrano[4,3-c]pyrrol-7(6h)one, afforded a number of pyrrolidine-based bicyclic systems. a sequence of reactions, which involved hydrolysis of the ment ...201627116655
extraction protease expressed by penicillium fellutanum from the brazilian savanna using poly(ethylene glycol)/sodium polyacrylate/nacl aqueous two-phase system.the partitioning of protease expressed by penicillium fellutanum from the brazilian savanna in a novel inexpensive and stable aqueous two-phase system (atps) composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (peg) and sodium polyacrylate (napa) was studied in this work using factorial design. the atps is formed by mixing both polymers with a salt (nacl) and fermented broth of p. fellutanum. the effects of molar mass (2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 g ⋅ mol(-1)) and concentration (6, 8, and 10 wt%) of peg and that of na ...201725546578
a review on biosynthesis of nanoparticles by marine organisms.marine organisms produce remarkable nanofabricated structures in cell wall, shells, pearls and fish bones. marine microorganisms such as bacteria (e. coli, pseudomonas sp.), cyanobacteria (spirulina platensis, oscillatoria willei, phormidium tenue), yeasts (pichia capsulata, rhodospiridium diobovatum), fungi (thraustochytrium sp., penicillium fellutanum, aspergillus niger), and algae (navicula atomus, diadesmis gallica, stauroneis sp. sargassum wightii, fucus vesiculosus) are reported to synthes ...201323202242
synthesis of 5-deoxy-beta-d-galactofuranosides as tools for the characterization of beta-d-galactofuranosidases.derivatives of 5-deoxy-beta-d-galactofuranose (5-deoxy-alpha-l-arabino-hexofuranose) have been synthesized starting from d-galacturonic acid. the synthesis of methyl 5-deoxy-alpha-l-arabino-hexofuranoside (14alpha) was achieved by an efficient strategy previously optimized, involving a photoinduced electron transfer (pet) deoxygenation. compound 14alpha was converted into per-o-acetyl-5-deoxy-alpha,beta-l-arabino-hexofuranoside (16), an activated precursor for glycosylation reactions. the sncl4- ...201020542704
peniphenylanes a-g from the deep-sea-derived fungus penicillium fellutanum hdn14-323.seven new 6-methylsaligenin derivatives, including the trimeric peniphenylanes a-b (1-2) and dimeric peniphenylanes c-g (3-7), together with four known biogenetically related compounds (8-11) were discovered from the extract of the deep-sea-derived fungus penicillium fellutanum hdn14-323. the structures of the new compounds were established through extensive analysis. their cytotoxic activity against hela, hl-60, and hct-116 cell lines was evaluated, with compound 4 exhibiting the best activity ...201627002398
thiodisaccharides with galactofuranose or arabinofuranose as terminal units: synthesis and inhibitory activity of an exo beta-d-galactofuranosidase.thiodisaccharides having beta-d-galf or alpha-l-araf units as non-reducing end have been synthesized by the sncl(4)- or moo(2)cl(2)-promoted thioglycosylation of per-o-benzoyl-d-galactofuranose (1), its 1-o-acetyl analogue 4, or per-o-acetyl-alpha-l-arabinofuranose (16) with 6-thioglucose or 6-thiogalactose derivatives. after convenient removal of the protecting groups, the free thiodisaccharides having the basic structure beta-d-galf(1-->6)-6-thio-alpha-d-glcp-ome (5) or beta-d-galf(1-->6)-6-th ...200919282191
two species of endophytic penicillium from pinus rigida in korea.upon studying the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with pine trees in korea, many species of penicillium were encountered. in this study, we report two species of penicillium isolated from the needles of pinus rigida. based on id region analysis, cultural and morphological characteristics, the two species were identified as penicillium fellutanum and p. toxicarium, both of which are new to korea.200823997630
detection of vm55599 and preparaherquamide from aspergillus japonicus and penicillium fellutanum: biosynthetic implications.the secondary metabolites vm55599 (4) and preparaherquamide (5) have been identified by lc-ms(n) analysis as natural metabolites in cultures of penicillium fellutanum, whereas preparaherquamide has been identified only in cultures of aspergillus japonicus. in accord with a previous proposal, the identification of both metabolites, which have a diastereomeric relationship, provides indirect support for a unified biosynthetic scheme.200818754595
thermal denaturation: is solid-state fermentation really a good technology for the production of enzymes?the potential for thermal denaturation to cause enzyme losses during solid-state fermentation processes for the production of enzymes was examined, using the protease of penicillium fellutanum as a model system. the frequency factor and activation energies for the first-order denaturation of this enzyme were determined as 3.447 x 10(59) h(-1) and 364,070 jmol(-1), respectively. these values were incorporated into a mathematical model of enzyme deactivation, which was used to investigate the cons ...200415062821
photoinduced electron transfer and chemical alpha-deoxygenation of d-galactono-1,4-lactone. synthesis of 2-deoxy-d-lyxo-hexofuranosides.two simple procedures for the synthesis of 2-deoxy-d-lyxo-hexono-1,4-lactone are described. reductive cleavage of a 2-o-tosyl derivative of d-galactono-1,4-lactone in the presence of sodium iodide afforded the 2-deoxy derivative. on the other hand, alpha-deoxygenation of d-galactono-1,4-lactone was easily achieved by photochemical electron transfer deoxygenation of ho-2 as the 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate. methyl 2-deoxy-beta-d-lyxo-hexafuranoside ('methyl 2-deoxy-beta-d-galactofuranoside') was s ...200212433476
influence of exo beta-d-galactofuranosidase inhibitors in cultures of penicillium fellutanum and modifications in hyphal cell structure.we have examined beta-d-galactofuranosidase production by penicillium fellutanum in the presence of d-galactono-1,4-lactone or 4-aminophenyl 1-thio-beta-d-galactofuranoside, two potent in vitro inhibitors of the enzyme. activity of the enzyme in the culture filtrate was increased by 35% when glucose was replaced by d-galactose as the carbon source, and the activity diminished 80% of the control value when the inhibitors were added. significant alterations of the culture were observed: (a) the me ...200212007471
production of cyclosporine a by submerged fermentation from a local isolate of penicillium fellutanum.six locally isolated strains of penicillium were checked for their potential to produce cyclosporine a through submerged fermentation. the medium used for drug production was composed of glucose, 5%; peptone, 1%; kh2po4, 0.5% and kcl, 0.25% (w/v). butyl acetate was used to extract the fermentation medium for cyclosporine 'a' analysis. the confirmation analysis was done through high performance liquid chromatography and the chromatograms obtained were compared with that of sandimmun neoral (®)cap ...201223626396
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