| calbistrins, novel antifungal agents produced by penicillium restrictum. i. production, taxonomy of the producing organism and biological activity. | a novel antibiotic complex, named the calbistrins, has been discovered in the culture broth of a soil fungus. the producing organism, designated ab 1875c-28, was identified as a strain of penicillium restrictum. calbistrin a, the most potent of the 4-membered complex, has mics of 0.78 micrograms/ml against candida albicans. only poor activity is observed against non-candida yeasts, filamentous fungi and bacteria. | 1993 | 8436557 |
| calbistrins, novel antifungal agents produced by penicillium restrictum. ii. isolation and elucidation of structure. | the novel antifungal agents, calbistrins a, b, c and d have been isolated from a strain of penicillium restrictum (ab 1875c-28). the four congeners were separated by bioactivity directed fractionation using countercurrent chromatography and preparative-hplc. nmr studies revealed that the calbistrins each contain a carboxylic acid conjugated tetraene attached through an aliphatic ester linkage to a hexahydronaphthalene system. | 1993 | 8436558 |
| butyrate influences intracellular levels of adenine and adenine derivatives in the fungus penicillium restrictum. | butyrate, a small fatty acid, has an important role in the colon of ruminants and mammalians including the inhibition of inflammation and the regulation of cell proliferation. there is also growing evidence that butyrate is influencing the histone structure in mammalian cells by inhibition of histone deacetylation. butyrate shows furthermore an antimicrobial activity against fungi, yeast and bacteria, which is linked to its toxicity at a high concentration. in fungi there are indications that bu ... | 2017 | 28219521 |
| fungi treated with small chemicals exhibit increased antimicrobial activity against facultative bacterial and yeast pathogens. | for decades, fungi have been the main source for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs. recent sequencing efforts revealed a still high number of so far unknown "cryptic" secondary metabolites. the production of these metabolites is presumably epigenetically silenced under standard laboratory conditions. in this study, we investigated the effect of six small mass chemicals, of which some are known to act as epigenetic modulators, on the production of antimicrobial compounds in 54 spore form ... | 2014 | 25121102 |
| ω-hydroxyemodin limits staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing-mediated pathogenesis and inflammation. | antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a global health threat. small molecules that inhibit bacterial virulence have been suggested as alternatives or adjuncts to conventional antibiotics, as they may limit pathogenesis and increase bacterial susceptibility to host killing. staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of invasive skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) in both the hospital and community settings, and it is also becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant. quorum sensing (qs) mediated by th ... | 2015 | 25645827 |
| polyhydroxyanthraquinones as quorum sensing inhibitors from the guttates of penicillium restrictum and their analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | the endophytic fungus penicillium restrictum was isolated from the stems of a milk thistle (silybum marianum) plant. in culture, the fungus produced distinct red guttates, which have been virtually uninvestigated, particularly from the standpoint of chemistry. hence, this study examined the chemical mycology of p. restrictum and, in doing so, uncovered a series of both known and new polyhydroxyanthraquinones (1-9). these compounds were quorum sensing inhibitors in a clinical isolate of methicill ... | 2014 | 24911880 |
| profiles of fatty acids and triacylglycerols and their influence on the anaerobic biodegradability of effluents from poultry slaughterhouse. | the hydrolysis of effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse containing 800 mg oil and grease (o&g)/l was conducted with 1% (w/v) of an enzymatic pool obtained by solid-state fermentation with the fungus penicillium restrictum. the chromatographic evaluation of the lipid profile during hydrolysis indicated a higher concentration of acids after 4h of reaction (2954 mg/l), with a predominance of oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids. effluent aliquots were collected after 4, 8, and 24h of hydrolysis and ... | 2011 | 21576016 |
| production and regulation of lipase activity from penicillium restrictum in submerged and solid-state fermentations. | different carbon (c) sources, mainly carbohydrates and lipids, have been screened for their capacity to support growth and lipase production by penicillium restrictum in submerged fermentation (smf) and in solid-state fermentation (ssf). completely different physiological behaviors were observed after the addition of easily (oleic acid and glucose) and complex (olive oil and starch) assimilable c sources to the liquid and solid media. maximal lipolytic activities (12.1 u/ml and 17.4 u/g) by p. r ... | 2007 | 17457647 |
| biosorption of reactive black 5 dye by penicillium restrictum: the kinetic study. | biosorption of reactive black 5 (rb 5) dye onto dried penicillium restrictum biomass was studied with respect to ph, contact time, biosorbent and dye concentrations. the effect of temperature on the biosorption efficiency was also carried out and the kinetic parameters were determined. optimum initial ph, equilibrium time and biomass concentration for rb 5 dye were found to be 1.0, 75 min and 0.4 g dm(-3) at 20 degrees c, respectively. the maximum biosorption capacities (q(max)) of rb 5 dye onto ... | 2007 | 17034944 |
| a review on hydrolytic enzymes in the treatment of wastewater with high oil and grease content. | wastewater from dairies and slaughterhouses contains high levels of fats and proteins that present low biodegradability. a large number of pretreatment systems are employed to remove oil and grease (o&g) to prevent a host of problems that may otherwise arise in the biological process, and reduce the efficiency of the treatment station. problems caused by excessive o&g include a reduction in the cell-aqueous phase transfer rates, a sedimentation hindrance due to the development of filamentous mic ... | 2006 | 16621527 |
| mathematical modeling of lipase and protease production by penicillium restrictum in a batch fermenter. | this work presents a mathematical model that describes time course variations of extracellular lipase and protease activities for the batch fermentation of the fungus penicillium restrictum, a new and promising strain isolated from soil and wastes of a brazilian babassu coconut oil industry. the fermentation process was modeled by an unstructured model, which considered the following dependent variables: cells, fat acid, dissolved oxygen concentrations, lipase and protease activities, and cell l ... | 1999 | 15304703 |
| lipase production by penicillium restrictum using solid waste of industrial babassu oil production as substrate. | lipase, protease, and amylase production by penicillium restrictum in solid-state fermentation was investigated. the basal medium was an industrial waste of babassu oil (orbignya oleifera) production. it was enriched with peptone, olive oil, and tween-80. the supplementation positively influenced both enzyme production and fungal growth. media enriched with tween-80 provided the highest protease activity (8.6 u/g), whereas those enriched with peptone and olive oil led to the highest lipase (27.8 ... | 2000 | 10849864 |
| lipase production by penicillium restrictum in a bench-scale fermenter : effect of carbon and nitrogen nutrition, agitation, and aeration. | a preliminary screening work selected penicillium restrictum as a promising micro-organism for lipase production. the physiological response of the fungus towards cell growth and enzyme production upon variable carbon and nitrogen nutrition, specific air flow rate (qa) and agitation (n) was evaluated in a 5-l bench-scale fermenter. in optimized conditions for lipase production meat peptone at 2% (w/v) and olive oil at 1% (w/v) were used in a growth medium with a c/n ratio of 9.9. higher c/n rati ... | 1997 | 18576099 |
| restricticin, a novel glycine-containing antifungal agent. | restricticin (1) is a naturally-occurring antifungal agent which contains triene, pyran and glycine ester functionalities and is unrelated to any previously known family of natural products. this unstable compound, as well as its corresponding n,n-dimethyl derivative (2), have been produced and isolated from both solid and liquid fermentations of penicillium restrictum. the desglycyl hydrolysis product, restrictinol (3), was produced via the hydrolysis of pure restricticin and as an artifact of ... | 1991 | 2061189 |