| description and proposed life cycle of maritrema novaezealandensis n. sp. (microphallidae) parasitic in red-billed gulls, larus novaehollandiae scopulinus, from otago harbor, south island, new zealand. | maritrema novaezealandensis n. sp. is described from otago harbor, south island, new zealand, on the basis of adult specimens collected from the red-billed gull, larus novaehollandiae scopulinus, and excysted metacercariae obtained from crabs. it belongs to the "eroliae group" and differs from other related species mainly in the shape, size, and patterns of distributions of the spines on the cirrus, the shape of the metraterm, the presence of an unlobed ovary, and the complete ring of the vitell ... | 2004 | 15165049 |
| a new cercaria and metacercaria of acanthoparyphium (echinostomatidae) found in an intertidal snail zeacumantus subcarinatus (batillaridae) from new zealand. | a new 23-collar-spined cercaria and metacercaria are described from intertidal molluscs of the coast of new zealand. the new cercaria found emerging from the mud snails zeacumantus subcarinatus (sowerby) (prosobranchia: batillariidae) is characterized mainly by the number and arrangement of the cephalic glands, the size of the suckers, and the size and number of the collar spines. the cercaria encysts in the cockle austrovenus stutchburyi (wood) (bivalvia: veneridae) which lives in sympatry with ... | 2006 | 16584913 |
| clonal diversity of the marine trematode maritrema novaezealandensis within intermediate hosts: the molecular ecology of parasite life cycles. | we quantified the clonal diversity of the new zealand marine trematode maritrema novaezealandensis (n = 1250) within zeacumantus subcarinatus snail (n = 25) and macrophthalmus hirtipes crab (n = 25) intermediate hosts using four to six microsatellite loci, and investigated the potential biological and physical factors responsible for the observed genetic patterns. individual snails harboured one to five trematode genotypes and 48% of snails were infected by multiple parasite genotypes. overall, ... | 2007 | 17217355 |
| effects of interspecific competition on asexual proliferation and clonal genetic diversity in larval trematode infections of snails. | interactions among different parasite species within hosts can be important factors shaping the evolution of parasite and host populations. within snail hosts, antagonistic interactions among trematode species, such as competition and predation, can influence parasite abundance and diversity. in the present study we examined the strength of antagonistic interactions between 2 marine trematodes (maritrema novaezealandensis and philophthalmus sp.) in naturally infected zeacumantus subcarinatus sna ... | 2008 | 18442429 |
| interspecific and intraspecific variation in cercariae release. | given the importance of temperature for the shedding of trematode infective stages (cercariae) from gastropod first intermediate hosts, we investigated the response to temperature increases of trematodes of the intertidal snail zeacumantus subcarinatus collected from different latitudes (differing in mean annual summer temperature) on the south island of new zealand. we investigated whether shedding of cercariae at elevated temperatures differed both between species (interspecific variation) and ... | 2009 | 19245275 |
| effects of temperature, salinity, and water level on the emergence of marine cercariae. | with the prospect of large-scale environmental changes, there is an urgent need to obtain information regarding environmental influences acting on the emergence of cercariae in marine systems. we investigated the response of trematodes of the intertidal snail zeacumantus subcarinatus to altered temperature, salinity, and water level. the emergence of one trematode species, maritrema novaezealandensis (microphallidae), showed a weak trend to decrease with increased temperature; whereas, the emerg ... | 2009 | 19475423 |
| contrasting mtdna diversity and population structure in a direct-developing marine gastropod and its trematode parasites. | the comparative genetic structure of hosts and their parasites has important implications for their coevolution, but has been investigated in relatively few systems. in this study, we analysed the genetic structure and diversity of the new zealand intertidal snail zeacumantus subcarinatus (n = 330) and two of its trematode parasites, maritrema novaezealandensis (n = 269) and philophthalmus sp. (n = 246), using cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (coi) sequences. snails and trematodes were examin ... | 2009 | 19845857 |
| in vitro culture of marine trematodes from their snail first intermediate host. | the ability to culture parasites outside their host (i.e. in vitro) is essential for several aspects of parasitological research. here, a culture medium for marine trematode parthenitae was optimized using philophthalmus sp. rediae from the intermediate snail host, zeacumantus subcarinatus. the medium was optimized by sequentially testing the suitability of different levels of osmolality, different commercially available media, and different concentrations of supplemented chicken serum, while co ... | 2011 | 21801722 |
| effects of ultraviolet radiation on the transmission process of an intertidal trematode parasite. | summarythe transmission of parasites takes place under exposure to a range of fluctuating environmental factors, one being the changing levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (uvr). here, we investigated the effects of ecologically relevant levels of uvr on the transmission of the intertidal trematode maritrema novaezealandensis from its first intermediate snail host (zeacumantus subcarinatus) to its second intermediate amphipod host (paracalliope novizealandiae). we assessed the output of parasi ... | 2012 | 22216919 |
| broad geographic analyses reveal varying patterns of genetic diversity and host specificity among echinostome trematodes in new zealand snails. | host specificity is a fundamental component of a parasite's life history. however, accurate assessments of host specificity, and the factors influencing it, can be obscured by parasite cryptic species complexes. we surveyed two congeneric species of intertidal snail intermediate hosts, zeacumantus subcarinatus and zeacumantus lutulentus, throughout new zealand to identify the number of genetically distinct echinostome trematodes infecting them and determine the levels of snail host specificity a ... | 2015 | 25148139 |