| detection, quantitation, and characterization of the major internal virion antigen of the bovine leukemia virus by radioimmunoassay. | the major internal polypeptide of the bovine leukemia virus (blv) was purified to homogeneity with the use of gel filtration and affinity chromatography. like previous results, the protein had a molecular weight of 25,000 daltons as determined by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate. more than 90% of the 125i-labeled protein was precipitated by bovine sera that reacted in immunofluorescence tests with acetone-fixed blv-infected cells. in contrast, minimal precipitat ... | 1976 | 63563 |
| detection of antibody to bovine syncytial virus and respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum. | batches of commercial fetal bovine serum, described by the suppliers as antibody-free, all contained antibody to bovine syncytial virus (bsv) when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was not detected in these sera. twenty-four percent of individual fetal bovine sera contained antibody to bsv, and 14% contained antibody to rsv when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. bsv antibody titers in fetal sera from dams with high bsv antibody level ... | 1978 | 100508 |
| detection of multiple retroviral infections in cattle and cross-reactivity of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins using bovine and human sera in a western blot assay. | bovine antibovine immunodeficiency-like virus (biv) antibodies were detected by western blot analysis (wba) using a chemiluminescence protocol. bovine sera with anti-biv activity, obtained from cows in two dairy herds, had antibodies directed against a variety of biv-specific antigens indicating chronic infections. these sera were also tested for serological reactivity against bovine leukemia virus (blv) and bovine syncytial virus (bsv). cows most commonly had anti-bsv antibodies (12 of 39). evi ... | 1992 | 1335835 |
| structure and transcriptional status of bovine syncytial virus in cytopathic infections. | the genomic structure of bovine syncytial virus (bsv), a virus commonly infecting cattle, was examined in order to gain insights into the nature of viral dna (vdna) intermediates and the transcriptional status of the virus in cytopathic infections. in dog cf2th cells, the dna intermediate of bsv was found to exist predominantly as linear unintegrated vdna (uvd) molecules. the uvd molecules were cloned directly from total cellular dna by addition of ecori linkers and subsequent ligation into the ... | 1991 | 1657718 |
| serological detection of multiple retroviral infections in cattle: bovine leukemia virus, bovine syncytial virus and bovine visna virus. | individual experimental animals used in our studies on bovine leukemia virus (blv) are routinely screened for the presence of antibodies to the three bovine lymphotropic retroviruses. we utilized these screening methods to examine frozen sera from eight herds for antibodies to blv, bovine visna virus (bvv) and bovine syncytial virus (bsv). serum samples from 235 animals in four dairy and four beef herds were analyzed. detection methods used included indirect fluorescent antibody tests of virus-i ... | 1989 | 2549686 |
| epidemiological studies of bovine spumavirus. | bovine spumavirus (bsv) infection is shown to be endemic in some herds in north queensland. the virus was readily isolated from leucocytes of the majority of mature cattle which were bsv antibody positive (bsv reactors) in the agar gel precipitin test (agpt). calves born to dams which were bsv reactors showed no bsv antibody or circulatory leucocyte-associated bsv (clab) at birth, but became bsv reactors following ingestion of colostrum, and maintained such evidence of passive immunity until 3-5 ... | 1988 | 2833003 |
| a comparison of the bovine leukemia and bovine syncytial virus status in utero-tubal cells recovered from fluids used to flush the uterus and oviducts of blv-infected, superovulated cattle. | twenty-four cell lines were established from uterine-oviductal flush fluid (uoff) cells from 20 bovine leukosis virus (blv)-infected embryo-donor cows and 4 blv-free control cows harvested by the ficoll-gradient technique. similar epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells were observed in the primary cultures of uoff from both groups. blv-antigens were not detected with direct immunofluorescence test in any of the cell-lines from the 20 positive blv-cows but a positive reaction was observed with ... | 1988 | 2840845 |
| a serological survey of bovine syncytial virus in ontario: associations with bovine leukemia and immunodeficiency-like viruses, production records, and management practices. | of the 920 cows tested, 56.7% showed antiretroviral serological reactivity. prevalence rates (95% confidence interval) of antiretroviral antibodies among individual dairy cows in ontario were: biv 5.5% (4.0-7.0), blv 25.7% (22.9-28.6), and bsv 39.6% (36.4-42.8). the following percentages of cows showed serological reactivity against the specified retroviruses: biv 2.3%, blv 14.0%, bsv 27.5%, biv and bsv 1.3%, biv and blv 0.9%, blv and bsv 9.9%, biv and blv and bsv 0.9%. these rates of sero-posit ... | 1995 | 8548688 |
| detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus in sugarcane germplasm. | sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv), a badnavirus was found in sugarcane genotypes of saccharum officinarum l., s. barberi jesw., s. sinense roxb., s. robustum brand and jesw., and saccharum hybrids. in most of the suspected genotypes the virus was found associated with clear foliar symptoms. however, certain symptom-free clones carried the virus too. the virus was detected by immuno-electron microscopy (iem) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in suspected clones. the virions measured ... | 1996 | 8886091 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of banana streak virus dna. | banana streak virus (bsv), a member of the badnavirus group of plant viruses, causes severe problems in banana cultivation, reducing fruit yield and restricting plant breeding and the movement of germplasm. current detection methods are relatively insensitive. in order to develop a pcr-based diagnostic method that is both reliable and sensitive, the genome of a nigerian isolate of bsv has been sequenced and shown to comprise 7389 bp and to be organized in a manner characteristic of badnaviruses. ... | 1998 | 9926402 |
| evidence that badnavirus infection in musa can originate from integrated pararetroviral sequences. | when some virus- and disease-free musa spp. (banana and plantain) are propagated by tissue culture, the resulting plants develop infections with banana streak badnavirus (bsv), a pararetrovirus. in sharp contrast to the virion dna recovered from natural infections, the virion dna from tissue culture-associated infections of different musa spp. was highly similar if not identical. although bsv does not employ integration during the infection cycle, bsv dna was found to be integrated into the musa ... | 1999 | 10069946 |
| detection of bovine retrospumavirus by the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for detection of bovine retrospumavirus (bovine syncytial virus; bsv) provirus dna. two different sets of oligonucleotide primers complementary to sequences located in the gag and the pol/env gene regions were used and compared for their ability to amplify the targeted bsv sequences by pcr. the results obtained from this study have shown that it is possible to amplify the bsv provirus dna sequences not only from total dna of bsv-infected cell ... | 1999 | 10204710 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: polymerase chain reaction survey for ovine herpesvirus 2 and other persistent herpesvirus and retrovirus infections of dairy cattle and bison. | using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for sequences of ovine herpesvirus 2 (ohv2), this virus was shown to be significantly associated with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) in terminal cases of disease in 34 cattle and 53 bison. ovine herpesvirus 2 was not detected in cattle (38) and bison (10) that succumbed to other diseases. other persistent herpesviruses, retroviruses, and pestivirus, some of which have been previously isolated from cases of sa-mcf, were not associa ... | 2000 | 11021426 |
| promoters for pregenomic rna of banana streak badnavirus are active for transgene expression in monocot and dicot plants. | two putative promoters from australian banana streak badnavirus (bsv) isolates were analysed for activity in different plant species. in transient expression systems the my (2105 bp) and cv (1322 bp) fragments were both shown to have promoter activity in a wide range of plant species including monocots (maize, barley, banana, millet, wheat, sorghum), dicots (tobacco, canola, sunflower, nicotiana benthamiana, tipu tree), gymnosperm (pinus radiata) and fern (nephrolepis cordifolia). evaluation of ... | 2001 | 11587511 |
| evidence that the proliferation stage of micropropagation procedure is determinant in the expression of banana streak virus integrated into the genome of the fhia 21 hybrid (musa aaab). | banana streak virus (bsv) is causing increasing concern in almost every producing area of banana and plantain (musa spp.) worldwide. this situation appeared partially linked to some breeding lines and micropropagated hybrids. a complete bsv sequence integrated into the genome of a triploid plantain has been recently characterised and it has been hypothesised that it could give rise to infectious virus via recombination. in this study, we evaluated the effect of a routine micropropagation procedu ... | 2001 | 11765919 |
| viral sequences integrated into plant genomes. | sequences of various dna plant viruses have been found integrated into the host genome. there are two forms of integrant, those that can form episomal viral infections and those that cannot. integrants of three pararetroviruses, banana streak virus (bsv), tobacco vein clearing virus (tvcv), and petunia vein clearing virus (pvcv), can generate episomal infections in certain hybrid plant hosts in response to stress. in the case of bsv and tvcv, one of the parents contains the integrant but is has ... | 2002 | 12147756 |
| identification of genetic markers linked to banana streak disease expression in inter-specific musa hybrids. | recently-introduced inter-specific musa hybrids, bred for improved yield and resistance to diseases, have been found to be widely infected with banana streak virus (bsv), the causal agent of banana streak disease (bsd). one hypothesis suggests: (1) that bsd occurrence in these inter-specific hybrids results from activation of bsv-ol endogenous pararetrovirus sequences (eprv) integrated into the musa genome rather than from external sources of infection, and (2) that the process of genetic hybrid ... | 2003 | 12595986 |
| the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues, adefovir, tenofovir and pmedap, efficiently eliminate banana streak virus from banana (musa spp.). | we report that the anti-retroviral and anti-hepadnavirus molecules, adefovir, tenofovir and 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (pmedap), efficiently eradicate the episomal form of banana streak virus (bsv) from banana plants. up to 90% of plants regenerated from bsv-infected highly proliferating meristems were virus free following a 6-month treatment period with 10 microg/ml (a non-phytotoxic concentration) of either compounds. | 2003 | 12895695 |
| electron densitometry of stained virus particles. | methods are described for determining the relative mass of particles in electron microscope specimens through the measurement of photographic densities in recorded images. these methods were applied to a quantitative study of the amounts of electron stains that could be associated with the particles of tomato bushy stunt virus (bsv) and tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). in the ph range above 2 where the viruses are stable, the amount of stain absorbed is too small to produce adequate contrast in the e ... | 1955 | 14381423 |
| sensitive and specific detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine syncytial virus by 5' taq nuclease assays with fluorescent 3' minor groove binder-dna probes. | sensitive assays are required to detect bovine retroviruses in donor cattle used for the in vivo preparation of australian tick fever vaccines. 5' taq nuclease assays using 3' minor groove binder dna probes (taqman)mgb) were developed and compared to conventional pcr assays for the sensitive detection of bovine syncytial virus (bsv) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). seven beef and dairy herds were screened to evaluate these tests. comparative sensitivities of pcr tests were determined by ... | 2004 | 14715301 |
| banana streak virus is very diverse in uganda. | banana streak virus (bsv) is a badnavirus that causes a viral leaf streak disease of banana and plantain (musa spp.). identified in essentially all musa growing areas of the world, it has a deleterious effect on the productivity of infected plants as well as being a major constraint to musa breeding programmes and germplasm dissemination. banana is a staple food in uganda which is, per capita, one of the worlds largest banana producers and consumers. bsv was isolated from infected plants sampled ... | 2004 | 15036835 |
| a variable region of the sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv) genome can be used to generate promoters for transgene expression in sugarcane. | four promoters derived from sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv) were compared and characterised. three were obtained by pcr amplification of purified virion dna extracted from three sugarcane cultivars. the fourth promoter was obtained by subcloning from an almost genome-length clone of scbv. all promoters were able to drive stable expression of beta-glucuronidase in sugarcane. the pcr-derived promoter sequences shared more dna homology with banana streak virus than to the subcloned scbv. the sub ... | 2004 | 15309498 |
| ultrastructural changes associated with cryopreservation of banana ( musa spp.) highly proliferating meristems. | cryopreservation has been shown to improve the frequency of virus elimination - specifically cucumber mosaic virus and banana streak virus - from banana ( musa spp.) plants. to understand the mode of action of cryopreservation for the eradication of viral particles, we examined the ultrastructure of meristem tips at each step of the cryopreservation process. excised meristematic clumps produced from infected banana plants belonging to cv. williams (aaa, cavendish subgroup) were cryopreserved thr ... | 2003 | 12789420 |
| identification of functional sequences in the pregenomic rna promoter of the banana streak virus cavendish strain (bsv-cav). | the promoter regions of plant pararetroviruses direct transcription of the full-length viral genome into a pregenomic rna that is an intermediate in the replication of the virus. it serves as template for reverse transcription and as polycistronic mrna for translation to viral proteins. we have identified functional promoter elements in the intergenic region of the cavendish isolate of banana streak virus (bsv-cav), a member of the genus badnavirus. potential binding sites for plant transcriptio ... | 2005 | 15681068 |
| functional promoter analysis using an approach based on an in vitro evolution strategy. | in vitro evolution imitates the natural evolution of genes and has been very successfully applied to the modification of coding sequences, but it has not yet been applied to promoter sequences. we propose an alternative method for functional promoter analysis by applying an in vitro evolution scheme consisting of rounds of error-prone pcr, followed by dna shuffling and selection of mutant promoter activities. we modified the activity in embryogenic sugarcane cells of the promoter region of the " ... | 2005 | 15727127 |
| characterisation of banana streak mysore virus and evidence that its dna is integrated in the b genome of cultivated musa. | we have sequenced the complete genome of an isolate of banana streak virus from banana cv. 'mysore' and show that it is sufficiently different from a previously characterised isolate from cv. 'obino l'ewai' to warrant recognition as a distinct species, for which the name banana streak mysore virus (bsmysv) is proposed. the structure of the bsmysv genome was typical of badnaviruses in general, although orf i had a non-conventional start codon. evidence that at least part of the bsmysv genome is i ... | 2005 | 15785970 |
| the diversity of banana streak virus isolates in uganda. | in a study of the variation among isolates of banana streak virus (bsv) in uganda, 140 sequences were obtained from 49 samples by pcr across the conserved reverse transcriptase/rnaseh region of the genome. pairwise comparison of these sequences suggested that they represented 15 different species and phylogenetic analyses showed that all species fell into three major clades based on 28% sequence difference. in addition to the ugandan sequences, clade i also contained bsv species that are known a ... | 2005 | 16096705 |
| genetic variants of banana streak virus in mauritius. | genetic variations among isolates of banana streak virus (bsv) were assessed using two sets of primers. the virus, found in banana accessions in mauritius, was compared to a nigerian isolate from cultivar obino l'ewai (bsoev). on the basis of the observed size of amplicons, some mauritius strains were different from l'ewai bsoev. both southern blot hybridization and the nucleotide sequences of the pcr products confirmed that they were of episomal bsv origin. an isolate of sugarcane bacilliform v ... | 2006 | 16143419 |
| molecular ecology and emergence of tropical plant viruses. | an appreciation of the risks caused by emergent plant viruses is critical in tropical areas that rely heavily on agriculture for subsistence and rural livelihood. molecular ecology, within 10 years, has unraveled the factors responsible for the emergence of several of the economically most important tropical plant viruses: rice yellow mottle virus (rymv), cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs), maize streak virus (msv), and banana streak virus (bsv). a large range of mechanisms--most unsuspected un ... | 2006 | 16784403 |
| an improved electrochemiluminescence polymerase chain reaction method for highly sensitive detection of plant viruses. | recently, we have reported an electrochemiluminescence polymerase chain reaction (ecl-pcr) method for detection of genetically modified organisms. the ecl-pcr method was further improved in the current study by introducing a multi-purpose nucleic acid sequence that was specific to the tris(bipyridine) ruthenium (tbr) labeled probe, into the 5' terminal of the primers. the method was applied to detect plant viruses. conserved sequence of the plant viruses was amplified by pcr. the product was hyb ... | 2007 | 17386503 |
| analysis of the 5' long terminal repeat of bovine syncytial virus. | four molecular clones of the bovine syncytial virus (bsv) were determined to be replication competent by the initiation of cytopathic infections and production of viable virus following transfection of viral dna into permissive cells. the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the 5' long terminal repeat (ltr) of the infectious clone, bsv-11, was determined and analyzed to identify regions common to retroviral ltrs and elements with the potential for involvement in transcriptional regulation. | 1994 | 8163193 |
| [the inoculative properties of cold-adapted reassortant a(h5n2) influenza strain during intranasal administration to mice]. | classical genetic reassortant techniques were used to have a cold-adapted (ca) reassortant a/17/duck/potsdam/86/92 (h5n2) that inherited the hemagglutinin (ha) gene from the nonpathogenic avian virus a/duck/potsdam/ 1402-6186 (h5n2) and the genes of neuraminidase (na) and non-glycated proteins from the ca attenuation donor a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2). all experiments were performed under increased biological protection (bsv-3+). the reassortant and parent h5n2 virus were non-pathogenic to balb/ ... | 2007 | 17722607 |
| a single banana streak virus integration event in the banana genome as the origin of infectious endogenous pararetrovirus. | sequencing of plant nuclear genomes reveals the widespread presence of integrated viral sequences known as endogenous pararetroviruses (eprvs). banana is one of the three plant species known to harbor infectious eprvs. musa balbisiana carries integrated copies of banana streak virus (bsv), which are infectious by releasing virions in interspecific hybrids. here, we analyze the organization of the eprv of bsv goldfinger (bsgfv) present in the wild diploid m. balbisiana cv. pisang klutuk wulung (p ... | 2008 | 18417582 |
| the phenotypic expression of a genotype: bringing muddy boots and micropipettes together. | starting with the influences of having a father who was an agricultural plant pathologist, i sketch my career through university and research institute from field epidemiology, basic virus characterization to molecular biology. i note what i consider to be the highlights of my scientific career and the events that shaped the development of my thinking. these include secondment to teach in a university in uganda, a sabbatical year in the university of california, davis, where i became aware of th ... | 2008 | 18680420 |
| attempts to isolate bovine leukemia and bovine syncytial viruses from blood, uterine flush fluid, unfertilized ova and embryos from infected donor cattle. | blood leucocytes, sediments of uterine flush fluid (uff), eggs and embryos from 25 blv-positive donor cows were tested for bovine leukemia (blv) and bovine syncytial (bsv) viruses by cocultivation with fetal lamb spleen cells and by applying syncytium induction and immunofluorescence tests. blv was diagnosed in 11/15 (73.3%) leucocyte and 4/25 (16.0%) uff-sediment specimens as compared to bsv in 14/15 (93.3%) and 21/25 (84.0%) of the similar specimens and neither blv or bsv were found in 26 eggs ... | 1982 | 6291441 |
| phylogeny of banana streak virus reveals recent and repetitive endogenization in the genome of its banana host (musa sp.). | banana streak virus (bsv) is a plant dsdna pararetrovirus (family caulimoviridae, genus badnavirus). although integration is not an essential step in the bsv replication cycle, the nuclear genome of banana (musa sp.) contains bsv endogenous pararetrovirus sequences (bsv eprvs). some bsv eprvs are infectious by reconstituting a functional viral genome. recent studies revealed a large molecular diversity of episomal bsv viruses (i.e., nonintegrated) while others focused on bsv eprv sequences only. ... | 2009 | 19517051 |
| creation of a bac resource to study the structure and evolution of the banana (musa balbisiana) genome. | the first bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library of the banana species musa balbisiana 'pisang klutuk wulung' (pkw bac library) was constructed and characterized. one improved and one novel protocol for nuclei isolation were employed to overcome problems caused by high levels of polyphenols and polysaccharides present in leaf tissues. the use of flow cytometry to purify cell nuclei eliminated contamination with secondary metabolites and plastid dna. furthermore, the usefulness of the indu ... | 2004 | 15644977 |
| evolution of endogenous sequences of banana streak virus: what can we learn from banana (musa sp.) evolution? | endogenous plant pararetroviruses (eprvs) are viral sequences of the family caulimoviridae integrated into the nuclear genome of numerous plant species. the ability of some endogenous sequences of banana streak viruses (ebsvs) in the genome of banana (musa sp.) to induce infections just like the virus itself was recently demonstrated (p. gayral et al., j. virol. 83:6697-6710, 2008). although ebsvs probably arose from accidental events, infectious ebsvs constitute an extreme case of parasitism, a ... | 2010 | 20427523 |
| analysis of the distribution and structure of integrated banana streak virus dna in a range of musa cultivars. | summary banana streak virus strain ol (bsv-ol) commonly infects new musa hybrids, and this infection is thought to arise de novo from integrated virus sequences present in the nuclear genome of the plant. integrated dna (musa6+8 sequence) containing the whole genome of the virus has previously been cloned from cv. obino l'ewai (musa aab group), a parent of many of the hybrids. using a southern blot hybridization assay, we have examined the distribution and structure of integrated bsv-ol sequence ... | 2001 | 20573008 |
| a four-partner plant–virus interaction: enemies can also come from within. | plant viruses are disseminated by either vertical (vegetative multiplication or sexual reproduction) or horizontal (vector-mediated) propagation. plant pararetroviruses—members of the caulimoviridae family—have developed an alternative strategy for vertical propagation via integration within the host plant genome, although integration is not required for viral replication. integrated endogenous pararetrovirus (eprv) sequences have undergone extensive viral genome rearrangements and ... | 2010 | 20923349 |
| high molecular variability of sugarcane bacilliform viruses in guadeloupe implying the existence of at least three new species. | thirty-five unique partial sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv) sequences extending over 529bp were identified in sugarcane samples from guadeloupe diagnosed by immunocapture-pcr (ic-pcr) using specific badnavirus primers. phylogenetic analysis of these sequences along with the two known genome sequences of sugarcane bacilliform mor virus (scbmv) and sugarcane bacilliform im virus (scbimv) revealed high molecular variability in the scbv genome. seven phylogenetic groups, named a to g, were charact ... | 2011 | 21741419 |
| molecular characterization of banana streak virus isolate from musa acuminata in china. | banana streak virus (bsv), a member of genus badnavirus, is a causal agent of banana streak disease throughout the world. the genetic diversity of bsvs from different regions of banana plantations has previously been investigated, but there are relatively few reports of the genetic characteristic of episomal (non-integrated) bsv genomes isolated from china. here, the complete genome, a total of 7722bp (genbank accession number dq092436), of an isolate of banana streak virus (bsv) on cultivar cav ... | 2011 | 22160939 |
| molecular characterization of banana streak acuminata vietnam virus isolated from musa acuminata siamea (banana cultivar). | an isolate of banana streak virus (bsv) that does not also occur as an integrant in the musa balbisiana genome was sought in order to investigate the biological role of bsv in the evolution of either the musa genome or of the virus itself. we isolated bsv virions from a musa acuminata siamea accession from vietnam and sequenced the entire viral genome. the molecular organization is similar to that described for other bsv but slightly larger (7801 bp vs. 1611-7568 bp), and orf i has a non-convent ... | 2007 | 17431738 |
| genetic diversity among banana streak virus isolates from australia. | abstract banana streak virus (bsv) is an important pathogen of bananas and plantains (musa spp.) throughout the world. we have cloned and sequenced part of the genomes of four isolates of bsv from australia, designated bsv-rd, bsv-cav, bsv-mys, and bsv-gf. these isolates originated from banana cvs. red dacca, williams, mysore, and goldfinger, respectively. all clones contained a sequence covering part of open reading frame iii and the intergenic region of the badnavirus genome. the sequences wer ... | 2000 | 18944515 |
| micropropagation by tissue culture triggers differential expression of infectious endogenous banana streak virus sequences (ebsv) present in the b genome of natural and synthetic interspecific banana plantains. | the genome of musa balbisiana spp. contains several infectious endogenous sequences of banana streak virus (ebsv). we have shown previously that in vitro micropropagation triggers the activation of infectious ebsolv (endogenous sequences of banana streak obino l'ewai virus) in the synthetic tetraploid interspecific hybrid fhia21 (aaab). in this work, we show that another synthetic tetraploid (aaab) hybrid and two natural triploid (aab) plantains are equally prone to the activation of infectious ... | 2010 | 20078782 |