| anti-trypanosoma brucei activity of nonprimate zoo sera. | constitutive anti-trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei s 427 clone 1 and 22 activities were evaluated in sera from 22 species of nonprimate mammals. the sera fell into 5 categories. sera from cape buffalo, giraffe, and greater kudu showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of replication of the 2 clones of organisms, which was dependent on the presence of xanthine oxidase. sera from warthog and springbok also severely limited trypanosome replication but lacked xanthine oxidase. their antitrypanoso ... | 1999 | 10207362 |
| a generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species. | noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid analysis has tremendous potential as a means of assessing stress associated with environmental disturbance in wildlife. however, interspecific variation in excreted glucocorticoid metabolites requires careful selection of the antibody used in their quantification. we compared four antibodies for detecting the major fecal cortisol metabolites in yellow baboons following (3)h cortisol administration, acth challenge, and hplc separation of fecal glucocorticoid metab ... | 2000 | 11121291 |
| prevalence of antibodies against rift valley fever virus in kenyan wildlife. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is an arbovirus associated with periodic outbreaks, mostly on the african continent, of febrile disease accompanied by abortion in livestock, and a severe, fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in humans. however, the maintenance of the virus during the inter-epidemic period (iep) when there is low or no disease activity detected in livestock or humans has not been determined. this study report prevalence of rvfv-neutralizing antibodies in sera (n=896) collected from 16 keny ... | 2008 | 17988425 |
| digesta passage in nondomestic ruminants: separation mechanisms in 'moose-type' and 'cattle-type' species, and seemingly atypical browsers. | ruminants have been classified as having a 'moose-type' or 'cattle-type' digestive physiology. 'cattle-type' ruminants have a clear difference in the mean retention time (mrt) of fluid vs. small particles in the reticulorumen (rr), with a high 'selectivity factor' (sf = mrtparticle/ mrtfluid, >1.80), and are typically grazers and intermediate feeders. 'moose-type' ruminants have lower sf (<1.80), possibly because of defensive salivary proteins that constrain amounts of (high-viscosity) saliva, a ... | 2019 | 31220621 |
| peste des petits ruminants virus infection at the wildlife-livestock interface in the greater serengeti ecosystem, 2015-2019. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in africa, the middle east and asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to ppr virus (pprv) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. the role of wild species in pprv epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the global strategy for the control and eradication of ppr. these studies aimed to investigate pprv inf ... | 2021 | 34066336 |
| a revised phylogeny of antilopini (bovidae, artiodactyla) using combined mitochondrial and nuclear genes. | antilopini (gazelles and their allies) are one of the most diverse but phylogenetically controversial groups of bovids. here we provide a molecular phylogeny of this poorly understood taxon using combined analyses of mitochondrial (cytb, coiii, 12s, 16s) and nuclear (kcas, sptbn1, prkci, mc1r, thyr) genes. we explore the influence of data partitioning and different analytical methods, including bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, on the inferred relationships within ant ... | 2013 | 23485920 |
| Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia: New Aspects of an Old Disease. | Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, is a serious OIE-listed disease affecting goats in the Middle East, north and east Africa and Asia. Mortality and morbidity rates can be as high as 60% and 90%, respectively, when the disease first enters a territory, invariably through carrier animals. Recent detections of CCPP in Pakistan and Tajikistan are probably the result of improved diagnosis as the disease has been suspected there for many ... | 2011 | 21951488 |
| idiopathic infertility in two captive male gerenuk (litocranius walleri walleri). | two adult male gerenuk (litocranius walleri walleri) were confirmed infertile with distinctly varying clinical presentations. one animal had unilateral testicular degeneration/hypoplasia, and within 8 mo experienced atrophy/degeneration of the remaining testicle. the second animal had been previously treated with melengesterol acetate (mga) milled in feed for 1 yr during puberty as part of an aggression-control study. the testes in this individual appeared normal both visually and on palpation; ... | 2008 | 18817003 |
| contagious caprine pleuropneumonia outbreak in captive wild ungulates at al wabra wildlife preservation, state of qatar. | contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) caused by mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae is a highly contagious and serious respiratory disease of domestic goats, characterized by coughing, severe respiratory distress, and high mortality rates. the lesions at necropsy are mainly a fibrinous pleuropneumonia with increased straw-colored pleural fluid. an outbreak of ccpp in wild goat (capra aegagrus), nubian ibex (capra ibex nubiana), laristan mouflon (ovis orientalis laristanica), and ger ... | 2007 | 17469281 |
| phylogenetic relationships in the bovid subfamily antilopinae based on mitochondrial dna sequences. | a molecular phylogeny of the subfamily antilopinae was determined using the two mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genes cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase iii. the tribe antilopini is monophyletic with antidorcas marsupialis and litocranius walleri basal to the large genus gazella. antilope cervicapra falls within gazella. this placement would either make gazella paraphyletic or require that the genus name gazella be changed to antilope. gazella thomsonii is supported as a subspecies of g. rufifrons. ... | 1999 | 10381312 |
| genetically engineered mengo virus vaccination of multiple captive wildlife species. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), has caused the deaths of many species of animals in zoological parks and research institutions. the audubon park zoo, (new orleans, louisiana, usa) attempted vaccination of several species with a killed emcv vaccine with mixed results. this paper reports an attempt at vaccination against emcv using a genetically engineered, live attenuated mengo virus (vmc0) at the audubon park zoo and miami metro zoo, (miami, florida, usa) from december 1996 to june 1997. seve ... | 1999 | 10231768 |
| comparative aspects of muscle fibre size and succinic dehydrogenase distribution in the longissimus dorsi muscle of several species of east african mammals. | the distribution of succinic dehydrogenase enzyme activity was investigated in frozen sections of longissimus dorsi muscle taken from several species of east african game animal (giraffe, hartebeest, wildebeest, oryx, gerenuk and dik-dik) as well as local zebu cattle. muscle fibres were classified as red (high succinic dehydrogenase activity), white (low activity) or intermediate. the mean diameter and percentage distribution of each fibre type were noted as well as the overall mean muscle fibre ... | 1979 | 552778 |
| on social organization and behaviour of the gerenuk litocranius walleri (brooke 1878). | the social organization of the gerenuk in tsavo east national park, kenya, is characterized by single adult male on territories encompassing their entire home ranges, small female-groups of variable composition, often associated with territorial male, and small groups of subadult male. there appear to be no non-territorial adult male ("bachelors"). subadult male wander about considerably, often alone, before they succeed in taking over a territory. territorial male perform linked urination/defec ... | 1978 | 696025 |
| digestive physiology of east african wild ruminants. | the physiology of digestion of wild ruminants in their natural habitat was determined. the study consisted of fifty-one adult male animals representing sixteen species. while diet and body weight were both related to the gastrointestinal composition, body weight appeared to be the more influential factor. reticulo-rumen and caecal-colon composition, relative to abomasal and small intestinal composition, showed the greater species, diet and body weight effects. the buffalo, oryx and gerenuk were ... | 1983 | 6139207 |
| surgical resolution of an ectopic pregnancy in a captive gerenuk (litocranius walleri walleri). | a full-term ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed in a multiparous, captive gerenuk (litocranius walleri walleri) following prolonged gestation without parturition. until 213 days of gestation, fetal viability was determined by transabdominal ultrasound of fetal heartbeat, physical palpation, and visual observations of fetal movements. survey abdominal radiographs obtained at day 229 of gestation revealed a fully mineralized fetal skeleton in an inappropriate position for parturition. surgical explora ... | 2001 | 12785707 |
| reproductive physiology and artificial insemination studies in wild and captive gerenuk ( litocranius walleri walleri ). | gerenuk antelope in north american zoos are descended from 28 founders imported from kenya approximately 20 years ago. intensive management is required to prevent inbreeding depression. artificial insemination has potential for augmenting genetic management, but successful application requires a thorough understanding of species' reproductive norms. semen collected from captive (n = 10) and wild (n = 6) gerenuk contained low numbers of morphologically normal spermatozoa (approximately 40%). age, ... | 2005 | 16364224 |
| effect of progestins on serum hormones, semen production, and agonistic behavior in the gerenuk (litocranius walleri walleri). | the use of progestins to suppress endogenous testosterone production to reduce agonistic behavior and prevent semen production was studied in gerenuk. five male gerenuk (20 months to 3 years of age), housed as a bachelor group, were treated with 3 monthly injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate (mpa; 2.5-20 mg/kg), followed by a melengestrol acetate implant (mga; 0.3 g/kg) for 2 months. blood samples collected monthly were assayed for serum testosterone and cortisol using enzyme-linked immunoa ... | 2007 | 19360578 |
| osteofluorosis in captive gerenuk (litocranius walleri) and bongo (tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) antelope. | multiple cases of lameness in gerenuk (litocranius walleri) and bongo antelope (tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) associated with high levels of fluoride in a commercial feed are reported. clinical pathology and histopathology findings are described and the response to treatment is documented. the case highlights the importance of quality control in feed management. | 2011 | 22946379 |
| colonic absorption and secretion of fluids, electrolytes and organic acids in east african wild ruminants. | in sixteen species of wild ruminants colonic absorption of fluids averaged 48% of the fluids entering the large bowel. values ranged from 26% (steenbok) to 65% (gerenuk). absorption of sodium, potassium, chloride and organic acids were variable between species. colonic absorption of potassium ions were found to be related to diet selection and body weight of the animals. colonic absorption of volatile fatty acids were significantly greater in browsers (28.4 mmol/l) than grazers (9.6 mmol/l). the ... | 1984 | 6141031 |
| [the facultative bipedy of the giraffe gazelle litocranius walleri sclateri neumann 1899 (mam. bovidae), a contribution to the functional morphology]. | | 1970 | 4920488 |
| ecological separation among browsing ungulates in tsavo east national park, kenya. | data on food habits and habitat preferences of four browsing herbivores (black rhinoceros, giraffe, gerenuk and lesser kudu) were analyzed to assess niche width for each species and niche overlap between pairs of species. all four species depended heavily on woody plants as food, and overlap in the utilization of different plant types (trees and shrubs, herbs, grasses, etc.) was very great in three of six species paris. when individual plant species were considered, markedly less overlap was app ... | 1978 | 28309736 |