| biogeography of triatominae (hemiptera: reduviidae) in ecuador: implications for the design of control strategies. | chagas disease control strategies strongly depend on the triatomine vector species involved in trypanosoma cruzi transmission within each area. here we report the results of the identification of specimens belonging to various species of triatominae captured in ecuador (15 species from 17 provinces) and deposited in the entomological collections of the catholic university of ecuador (quito), instituto oswaldo cruz (brazil), the natural history museum london (uk), the london school of hygiene and ... | 2001 | 11500757 |
| high household infestation rates by synanthropic vectors of chagas disease in southern ecuador. | entomological surveys were conducted in five rural communities (138 domiciliary units [dus]) in the southern andes of ecuador. adobe walls and ceramic tile roofs were predominant construction materials. a 35% house infestation rate with panstrongylus chinai (del ponte, 1929) (0.7%), panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (champion, 1899) (0.7%), rhodnius ecuadoriensis (lent & león, 1958) (27%), and/or triatoma carrioni (larrousse, 1926) (7%) was found. adults and nymphs of r. ecuadoriensis and t. carrio ... | 2005 | 15691011 |
| microdistribution of sylvatic triatomine populations in central-coastal ecuador. | chagas disease is a serious public health problem in ecuador, where nearly 230,000 individuals show trypanosoma cruzi infection. sylvatic t. cruzi transmission is a threat to current control strategies. this is because of the possibility of house reinfestation by sylvatic triatomines after insecticide treatment. this work quantified the spatial distribution of triatomines in sylvatic habitats and its relationship with nearby human dwellings. a simple random sampling design using live-baited trap ... | 2010 | 20180312 |
| [study of a peuruvian strain of trypanosoma rangeli. ii. observations on experimental infection of rhodnius ecuadoriensis]. | | 1974 | 4602563 |
| phylogeny and molecular taxonomy of the rhodniini derived from mitochondrial and nuclear dna sequences. | eleven species of rhodnius and one of psammolestes were compared by dna sequence analysis of fragments of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna (mtlsurrna), the mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtcytb), and the d2 variable region of the 28s nuclear rna (d2), totaling 1,429 base pairs. the inferred phylogeny, using triatoma infestans as an outgroup, revealed two main clades within the rhodniini--one, including the prolixus group of species (rhodnius prolixus, rhodnius robustus, rhodnius neglec ... | 2000 | 11220761 |
| development of t. rangeli metacyclic forms from triatomid bugs' salivary glands ingested by rhodnius ecuadoriensis. | | 1972 | 4569253 |
| [occurrence of rhodnius ecuadoriensis lent & león, 1958 naturally infected by trypanosomas similar to trypanosoma cruzi tejera, 1920 in dwellings of the district of cascas, contumaza, dpto. of cajamarca, peru]. | | 1972 | 4560794 |
| observations on the domestic ecology of rhodnius ecuadoriensis (triatominae). | rhodnius ecuadoriensis infests peridomiciles and colonises houses in rural southern ecuador. six out of 84 dwellings (7%) surveyed in a rural village were infested (78 bugs/infested domicile; 279 bugs were collected in a single dwelling). precipitin tests revealed r. ecuadoriensis fed on birds (65%), rodents (31%), marsupials (8%), and humans (15%) - mixed bloodmeals detected in 37.5% of individual samples. trypanosoma cruzi from opossums and rodents may thus be introduced into the domestic cycl ... | 2002 | 12016443 |
| epidemiology of chagas disease in ecuador. a brief review. | chagas disease is a complex public health problem that has been underestimated in ecuador. here we review the relevant published information, and present unpublished and new data that help to understand the current chagas disease epidemiological situation and its evolution in the country. three main characteristics have been identified: (i) persistence of trypanosoma cruzi transmission in already known foci; (ii) a marked endemicity in some urban areas of guayaquil; and (iii) the transformation ... | 1999 | 10677762 |
| [presence of trypanosoma rangeli tejera, 1920, in peru. i. the insect vector rhodnius ecuadoriensis lent & león, 1958]. | | 1972 | 4569344 |
| absence of domestic triatomine colonies in an area of the coastal region of ecuador where chagas disease is endemic. | rhodnius ecuadoriensis is considered the second most important vector of chagas disease in ecuador. it is distributed across six of the 24 provinces and occupies intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary and sylvatic habitats. this study was conducted in six communities within the coastal province of guayas. triatomine searches were conducted in domestic and peridomestic habitats and bird nests using manual searches, live-bait traps and sensor boxes. synantrhopic mammals were captured in the domestic an ... | 2010 | 20835616 |
| presence of rhodnius ecuadoriensis in sylvatic habitats in the southern highlands (loja province) of ecuador. | the main vectors of chagas disease in ecuador are triatoma dimidiata and rhodnius ecuadoriensis. the latter species occupies domestic and peridomestic habitats, as well as sylvatic ecotopes--particularly associated with phytelephas aequatorialis palm trees--in the western coastal region of ecuador. in the southern highlands, however, such palm tree habitats are uncommon, and sylvatic populations of r. ecuadoriensis have not previously been reported to date. this study was carried out in five rur ... | 2009 | 19496445 |
| life cycle, feeding and defecation patterns of rhodnius ecuadoriensis (lent & león 1958) (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae) under laboratory conditions. | rhodnius ecuadoriensis is the second most important vector of chagas disease (cd) in ecuador. the objective of this study was to describe (and compare) the life cycle, the feeding and defecation patterns under laboratory conditions of two populations of this specie [from the provinces of manabí (coastal region) and loja (andean region)]. egg-to-adult (n = 57) development took an average of 189.9 +/- 20 (manabí) and 181.3 +/- 6.4 days (loja). mortality rates were high among lojan nymphs. pre-feed ... | 2008 | 19057820 |
| field ecology of sylvatic rhodnius populations (heteroptera, triatominae): risk factors for palm tree infestation in western ecuador. | most rhodnius species (triatominae) are primarily associated with palm trees. they maintain enzootic trypanosoma cruzi transmission and are responsible for human infection (causing chagas disease) through the neotropics. assessing whether individual palm traits (ecological and/or botanical) may increase the risk of palm infestation by triatomines is relevant in areas where bugs invade houses flying from peridomestic palms. we developed a novel fieldwork approach with that objective, and applied ... | 2005 | 16359406 |
| molecular characterisation of trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from rhodnius ecuadoriensis in peru, r. colombiensis in colombia and r. pallescens in panama, supports a co-evolutionary association between parasites and vectors. | we present data on the molecular characterisation of strains of trypanosoma rangeli isolated from naturally infected rhodnius ecuadoriensis in peru, from rhodnius colombiensis, rhodnius pallescens and rhodnius prolixus in colombia, and from rhodnius pallescens in panama. strain characterisation involved a duplex pcr with s35/s36/kp1l primers. mini-exon gene analysis was also carried out using trint-1/trint-2 oligonucleotides. kdna and mini-exon amplification indicated dimorphism within both dna ... | 2005 | 15639744 |
| domestic rhodnius ecuadoriensis (hemiptera, reduviidae) infestation in northern peru: a comparative trial of detection methods during a six-month follow-up. | two passive methods in the assessment of intradomiciliary infestation by rhodnius ecuadoriensis were tested: (i) the gomes nu ez sensor box (gn), (ii) sheets of white typing paper and (iii) one active timed manual method. the study was carried out in the alto chicama river valley, province of gran chim , department of la libertad. the study design consisted of an initial searching of triatomines inside of the domestic environment by the manual capture active procedure (man/hour) covering all the ... | 2003 | 12754573 |
| the triatomines of northern peru, with emphasis on the ecology and infection by trypanosomes of rhodnius ecuadoriensis (triatominae). | information on the distribution and synanthropic behaviour of triatomines is essential for chagas disease vector control. this work summarises such information from northern peru, and presents new data on rhodnius ecuadoriensis - an important local vector infesting 10-35% of dwellings in some zones. three species are strongly synanthropic and may be suitable targets for chemical control of domestic/peridomestic bug populations. panstrongylus herreri, the main domestic vector in the area, is prob ... | 2002 | 12016438 |
| [peruvian strain of trypanosoma rangeli. iv. observations on its development and morphogenesis in the hemocele and salivary glands of rhodnius ecuadoriensis]. | | 1975 | 1105741 |
| trypanosoma rangeli genotypes association with rhodnius prolixus and r. pallescens allopatric distribution in central america. | previous kdna polymorphism-based reports have revealed the existence of two trypanosoma rangeli genotypes (kp1+ and kp1-): sl and ssu rrna gene polymorphism-based studies have revealed that five genotypes (a-e) are distributed throughout different latin-american countries. some evidence has shown that the genotypes' biogeographical distribution is associated with sympatric rhodnius species. 12 t. rangeli isolates from humans and reservoirs from el salvador, guatemala, honduras, costa rica and pa ... | 2009 | 19778637 |
| sequence analysis of the spliced-leader intergenic region (sl-ir) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) of trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from rhodnius ecuadoriensis, r. colombiensis, r. pallescens and r. prolixus suggests a degree of co-evolution between parasites and vectors. | spliced leader intergenic region (sl-ir) sequences from 23 trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from the salivary glands of rhodnius colombiensis, r. ecuadoriensis, r. pallescens and r. prolixus and two human strains revealed the existence of 4 genotypes with ca, gt, ta, att and gtat microsatellite repeats and the presence of insertions/deletions (indel) and single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) characterizing each genotype. the strains isolated from the same vector species or the same rhodnius e ... | 2011 | 21718675 |
| limitations of selective deltamethrin application for triatomine control in central coastal ecuador. | this year-long study evaluated the effectiveness of a strategy involving selective deltamethrin spraying and community education for control of chagas disease vectors in domestic units located in rural communities of coastal ecuador. | 2011 | 21332985 |
| pioneer study of population genetics of rhodnius ecuadoriensis (hemiptera: reduviidae) from the central coastand southern andean regions of ecuador. | effective control of chagas disease vector populations requires a good understanding of the epidemiological components, including a reliable analysis of the genetic structure of vector populations. rhodnius ecuadoriensis is the most widespread vector of chagas disease in ecuador, occupying domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic habitats. it is widely distributed in the central coast and southern highlands regions of ecuador, two very different regions in terms of bio-geographical characteristics. t ... | 2017 | 28546079 |
| 2b-rad genotyping for population genomic studies of chagas disease vectors: rhodnius ecuadoriensis in ecuador. | rhodnius ecuadoriensis is the main triatomine vector of chagas disease, american trypanosomiasis, in southern ecuador and northern peru. genomic approaches and next generation sequencing technologies have become powerful tools for investigating population diversity and structure which is a key consideration for vector control. here we assess the effectiveness of three different 2b restriction site-associated dna (2b-rad) genotyping strategies in r. ecuadoriensis to provide sufficient genomic res ... | 2017 | 28723901 |
| the modern morphometric approach to identify eggs of triatominae. | egg morphometrics in the triatominae has proved to be informative for distinguishing tribes or genera, and has been based generally on traditional morphometrics. however, more resolution is required, allowing species or even population recognition, because the presence of eggs in the domicile could be related to the species ability to colonize human dwellings, suggesting its importance as a vector. | 2017 | 28143573 |
| molecular epidemiology of trypanosoma cruzi and triatoma dimidiata in costal ecuador. | chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi. in ecuador, triatoma dimidiata and rhodnius ecuadoriensis are the main vector species, responsible for over half of the cases of t. cruzi infection in the country. t. dimidiata is believed to have been introduced in ecuador during colonial times, and its elimination from the country is thus believed to be feasible. we investigated here the molecular ecology of t. dimidiata and t. cruzi in costal ec ... | 2016 | 27079265 |
| trypanosoma cruzi population dynamics in the central ecuadorian coast. | chagas disease is the most important parasitic disease in latin america. the causative agent, trypanosoma cruzi, displays high genetic diversity and circulates in complex transmission cycles among domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments. in ecuador, rhodnius ecuadoriensis is known to be the major vector species implicated in t. cruzi transmission. however, across vast areas of ecuador, little is known about t. cruzi genetic diversity in relation to different parasite transmission scenar ... | 2015 | 26200787 |
| comprehensive survey of domiciliary triatomine species capable of transmitting chagas disease in southern ecuador. | chagas disease is endemic to the southern andean region of ecuador, an area with one of the highest poverty rates in the country. however, few studies have looked into the epidemiology, vectors and transmission risks in this region. in this study we describe the triatomine household infestation in loja province, determine the rate of trypanosoma cruzi infection in triatomines and study the risk factors associated with infestation. | 2015 | 26441260 |
| prevalence, genetic characterization, and 18s small subunit ribosomal rna diversity of trypanosoma rangeli in triatomine and mammal hosts in endemic areas for chagas disease in ecuador. | trypanosoma rangeli is a nonpathogenic parasite for humans; however, its medical importance relies in its similarity and overlapping distribution with trypanosoma cruzi, causal agent of chagas disease in the americas. the genetic diversity of t. rangeli and its association with host species (triatomines and mammals) has been identified along central and the south america; however, it has not included data of isolates from ecuador. this study reports infection with t. rangeli in 18 genera of mamm ... | 2015 | 26645579 |
| distribution of triatomine species in domestic and peridomestic environments in central coastal ecuador. | although the central coast of the ecuador is considered endemic for chagas disease, few studies have focused on determining the risk of transmission in this region. in this study we describe the triatomine household infestation in manabí province (central coast region), determine the rate of trypanosoma cruzi infection and study the risk factors associated with infestation by rhodnius ecuadoriensis. | 2017 | 28968383 |
| chromosomal divergence and evolutionary inferences in rhodniini based on the chromosomal location of ribosomal genes. | in this study, we used fluorescence in situ hybridisation to determine the chromosomal location of 45s rdna clusters in 10 species of the tribe rhodniini (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae). the results showed striking inter and intraspecific variability, with the location of the rdna clusters restricted to sex chromosomes with two patterns: either on one (x chromosome) or both sex chromosomes (x and y chromosomes). this variation occurs within a genus that has an unchanging diploid chromosome ... | 2013 | 23778665 |
| cryopreservation of trypansoma rangeli infective stages from experimentally-infected rhodnius ecuadoriensis. | | 2013 | 1091957 |
| phenotypic variability of rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations at the ecuadorian central and southern andean region. | rhodnius ecuadoriensis is an important vector of chagas disease in ecuador. whereas only sylvatic and peridomestic populations are common in manabi province, this species occupies domestic, peridomestic, and sylvatic habitats in loja province where high reinfestation of houses was observed. to explore the existence of phenetic changes linked to the domiciliation of the species, this study set out to analyze the wing and antennal phenotypes of r. ecuadoriensis in these two provinces where the vec ... | 2010 | 21175051 |
| ecological factors related to the widespread distribution of sylvatic rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations in southern ecuador. | chagas disease transmission risk is a function of the presence of triatomines in domestic habitats. rhodnius ecuadoriensis is one of the main vectors implicated in transmission of trypanosoma cruzi in ecuador. this triatomine species is present in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic habitats in the country. to determine the distribution of sylvatic populations of r. ecuadoriensis and the factors related to this distribution, triatomine searches were conducted between 2005 and 2009 in southern ec ... | 2012 | 22243930 |
| the main sceneries of chagas disease transmission. the vectors, blood and oral transmissions--a comprehensive review. | this review deals with transmission of trypanosoma cruzi by the most important domestic vectors, blood transfusion and oral intake. among the vectors, triatoma infestans, panstrongylus megistus, rhodnius prolixus, triatoma dimidiata, triatoma brasiliensis, triatoma pseudomaculata, triatoma sordida, triatoma maculata, panstrongylus geniculatus, rhodnius ecuadoriensis and rhodnius pallescens can be highlighted. transmission of chagas infection, which has been brought under control in some countrie ... | 2015 | 25466622 |
| dynamics of sylvatic chagas disease vectors in coastal ecuador is driven by changes in land cover. | chagas disease is a serious public health problem in latin america where about ten million individuals show trypanosoma cruzi infection. despite significant success in controlling domiciliated triatomines, sylvatic populations frequently infest houses after insecticide treatment which hampers long term control prospects in vast geographical areas where vectorial transmission is endemic. as a key issue, the spatio-temporal dynamics of sylvatic populations is likely influenced by landscape yet evi ... | 2014 | 24968118 |