| analysis of the genes encoding immunodominant piroplasm surface proteins of theileria sergenti and theileria buffeli by nucleotide sequencing and polymerase chain reaction. | the nucleotide sequences of the cdnas encoding a 33-kda piroplasm protein of theileria sergenti (p33) and a similar protein of theileria buffeli (p34) were determined. both of the genes contained an open reading frame of 849 base pairs. the predicted amino acid sequence of p33 and p34, consisting of 283 residues, showed 82% similarity. a transmembrane hydrophobic domain and signal peptides were predicted. the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify p33/34 genes from the piroplasm dna of t. ... | 1992 | 1474995 |
| radioimmunoassay for anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle. | a radioimmunoassay is described for use in the detection of anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle sera. optimal sensitivity and specificity were obtained by using 2 antigens, an a marginale antigen and a rbc antigen (obtained before infection was established) from the same calf. in addition, sera were preabsorbed with rbc from healthy cattle and with sonicated babesia bovis. of 86 sera obtained from cattle with a marginale infection (as determined by blood smear examination or by results of s ... | 1988 | 3377309 |
| theileria orientalis occurs in central africa. | an outbreak of bovine theileriosis in burundi was investigated and the occurrence of theileria orientalis in central africa was confirmed for the first time. its identity was established on morphological and serological grounds. the parasite was associated with clinical signs and further complicates the disease picture of bovine theileriosis in africa. amblyomma variegatum is suspected as being the local vector. | 1986 | 3517994 |
| theileria orientalis, a cosmopolitan blood parasite of cattle: demonstration of the schizont stage. | serological and morphological comparison of theileria orientalis stocks from australia, britain, iran, japan and the usa with a more pathogenic stock from korea, corresponding to t sergenti of russian literature, showed that they all belong to one species, for which the name t orientalis is recommended. t orientalis is now known to occur on all continents. macroschizonts and microschizonts, found in some of the calves infected with the korean stock, are described and illustrated. infections with ... | 1985 | 3925510 |
| theileria orientalis in cattle in ethiopia. | | 1983 | 6410475 |
| theileria orientalis in iran. | a benign species of theileria of cattle in northern iran proved to be indistinguishable from t. orientalis in the indirect fluorescent antibody test as well as in the morphology of its piroplasms. it was transmissible transstadially by haemaphysalis punctata. | 1984 | 6428030 |
| piroplasms of domestic animals in the macedonia region of greece. 1. serological cross-reactions. | during a serological survey on haemoparasites in macedonia, serum samples were collected from cattle, sheep and goats. all sera were tested by the indirect immunofluorescence test (ifat); the cattle sera against theileria orientalis, t. annulata, babesia bigemina, b. bovis, b. divergens and b. major antigens; the sheep and goat sera against t. ovis, b. ovis, b. motasi and b. crassa antigens. parallel tests of negative and positive control sera against all the antigens showed the existence of cro ... | 1996 | 8792579 |
| piroplasms of domestic animals in the macedonia region of greece. 2. piroplasms of cattle. | a study was carried out on piroplasms of cattle in the macedonia region of greece. during 1984-1986, 602 serum samples were collected from cattle in 33 localities. blood smears were also prepared from 50 of the animals in 13 localities. the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test revealed that 41.4% of cattle sera were positive to theileria orientalis, 2.0% to theileria annulata, 21.6% to babesia bovis, 15.2% to babesia bigemina, 5.1% to babesia major and 2.7% to babesia divergens. some of the ... | 1996 | 8792580 |
| anaplasma marginale: detection of carrier cattle by pcr-elisa. | a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based assay for the detection of the minute levels of anaplasma marginale present in the blood of long-term carrier cattle was developed. a simple lysis method was used to remove most of the haemoglobin from the blood to facilitate direct input of samples into the pcr reactions without prior purification of the dna. pcr product was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to simplify the processing of large numbers of s ... | 1996 | 8982791 |
| pcr amplification and sequence of the p33 piroplasm surface antigen gene of a theileria species isolated from cattle in west java, indonesia. | oriental theileriosis, a parasitic disease of cattle caused by protozoa of the theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group, has been reported in indonesia but its causal agent had not yet been characterized. this study was carried out to isolate and characterize the parasite through comparison of its p33 piroplasm surface antigen gene sequence, with known p32 sequences of t. sergenti and t. buffeli isolates. a theileria spp. isolate was collected from an ongole cow in jonggol, west-java, and tra ... | 1998 | 9668457 |
| sequence analysis of the major piroplasm surface protein gene of benign bovine theileria parasites in east asia. | relatively benign theileria parasites are widespread among cattle in east asia. although the parasites are presumed to be of the theileria sergenti/theileria buffeli/theileria orientalis group, their taxonomic status and epidemiology have not been well defined. in the present study, theilerial dna samples were collected from various east asian countries, including japan, korea, taiwan, and china. dna sequences encoding a major piroplasm surface protein were amplified by polymerase chain reaction ... | 1998 | 9762568 |
| molecular characterisation of the theileria buffeli/orientalis group. | benign bovine theileria parasites known as either theileria buffeli, theileria orientalis or theileria sergenti are classified on basis of their morphology, vector specificity, pathogenicity and 18s small subunit ribosomal rna or major piroplasm protein (mpsp) sequences. since most isolates have been characterized on only some of these criteria and the existing confusion in nomenclature, an analysis was performed on eight different isolates to combine 18s rrna data with mpsp data and the results ... | 2000 | 10927085 |
| cattle and small ruminant piroplasmosis in macedonia, greece. | macedonia is an endemic region of cattle as well as of sheep and goat piroplasmosis in cattle, theileria orientalis (=t. buffeli?), the agent of eurasian benign theileriosis, is the most common and widespread piroplasm species. t. annulata, the agent of tropical theileriosis, seems to be rare and limited to few foci, but causes very severe clinical cases, especially in imported pure-bred or cross-bred animals. babesia bovis and b. bigemina are present in several localities, and often coexist. ca ... | 1999 | 11071550 |
| characterisation of the 33kda piroplasm surface antigen of theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli isolates from west java, indonesia. | the immunodominant 33/35kda antigen of a theileria isolate from west java, indonesia, was characterised and immuno-affinity purified by use of a monoclonal antibody, kul-a4, and was shown to be representative of the t. orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group. the aminoterminal sequence of the purified 35kda peptide (20 residues) was determined by automated edman degradation and found to correspond to the predicted amino acid sequence of a prospective p33 gene previously sequenced from the same isolate ... | 2002 | 11809330 |
| tick-borne parasitic diseases in cattle: current knowledge and prospective risk analysis related to the ongoing evolution in french cattle farming systems. | parasitic diseases, like babesiosis and theileriosis are transmitted by ticks: their occurrence is therefore linked to the size of the tick stock and the seasonality of the vectors. babesia divergens bovine babesiosis transmitted by ixodes ricinus is widespread and often reported in france. serological prevalence is high, ranging from 20 to 80% according to the farms. clinical incidence is low: around 0.4% for the whole cattle population. the endemic situation is unstable and clinical cases occu ... | 2002 | 12387492 |
| survey of benign theileria parasites of cattle and buffaloes in thailand using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction of major piroplasm surface protein gene. | during a year from 1999 to 2000, a total of 247 blood samples were collected from 214 cattle and 33 water buffaloes in 16 distinct geographical locations of thailand and analyzed by allele-specific pcr amplification of major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) genes of benign theileria parasites. four allelic mpsp gene types were determined namely c-type, i-type, b-type and thai-type, which were originally designated from japanese theileria orientalis (chitose, ikeda), australian t. buffeli (warwic ... | 2003 | 12576720 |
| phylogenetic analysis of theileria species transmitted by haemaphysalis qinghaiensis. | the phylogenetic relationships between six isolates of theileria spp. infective to small ruminants, and two isolates of theileria spp. infective to yak, all transmitted by haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, together with the theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group and t. sinensis, were analyzed using the 18s ssrrna gene sequence. the target dna segment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr product was used either for direct sequencing or was ligated to the pcr ii vector for sequ ... | 2004 | 14598167 |
| cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and related clinical characteristics in theileria orientalis sergenti-infected calves. | eight splenectomized calves were inoculated with theileria orientalis sergenti (tos)-infected tick gland homogenate (5 calves) or infected erythrocyte suspension (3 calves). clinical characteristics were different in calves post-infection. animals were divided into 3 groups on the basis of susceptibility as high, middle, and low. increase in mrna of ifn-gamma, il-2, and tnf-alpha was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the peak of infection and was seen to be related with pyrexia a ... | 2003 | 14709827 |
| molecular characterization of theileria orientalis piroplasm protein encoded by an open reading frame (to orf2) in a genomic fragment. | in the present study, a novel antigenic protein expressed in the piroplasm stage of theileria orientalis was characterized. a 4,707 bp genomic fragment amplified by pcr contained two open reading frames (orfs). the deduced amino acid sequence of the first orf showed significantly high similarlity to the ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolases/proteases while the second orf (to orf2) showed homology to several surface antigens of plasmodia. to orf2 was expressed to determine whether the protein pro ... | 2004 | 15353847 |
| identification of a piroplasm protein of theileria orientalis that binds to bovine erythrocyte band 3. | theileria orientalis infects cattle and causes various disease symptoms, including anaemia and icterus. the erythrocytic stages are responsible for these symptoms but the molecular events involved in these stages have not yet been fully elucidated. in this study, we identified a t. orientalis cdna that encodes a polypeptide related to identity to the microneme-rhoptry protein of theileria parva. analysis of its recombinant product (tomrp) by indirect fluorescent-antibody test revealed that it is ... | 2004 | 15383289 |
| theileria orientalis, a blood parasite of cattle. first report in new zealand. | a theileria sp. piroplasm has been found in cattle from 10 northland herds. transmission studies, involving two splenectomized calves, led to its identification as t. orientalis, which has not been previously found in new zealand. this piroplasm is relatively benign hut can cause severe anaemia in heavily parasitized animals. the cattle tick haemaphysalis longicornis is considered to be the likely vector. | 1984 | 16031086 |
| theileria orientalis: cloning a cdna encoding a protein similar to thiol protease with haemoglobin-binding activity. | a gene encoding a protein (tocp1) from theileria orientalis was isolated from a cdna library and the deduced amino acid sequence of tocp1 has 476 amino acids. the primary structure of tocp1 is similar to eukaryotic thiol proteases (ec 3.4.22.-), but no enzymatic activity was observed with the substitution of essential cysteine at the cysteine active site for glycine. southern blot analysis showed that multiple genes similar to tocp1 were present in the parasite genome. sequence analysis of the g ... | 2005 | 16139835 |
| cloning and characterization of cdna encoding a prohibitin-like protein from theileria orientalis. | a cdna clone encoding a prohibitin-like protein (toprh) was isolated from a piroplasm cdna library of theileria orientalis and its nucleotide sequence was determined. an open reading frame, encoding a polypeptide of 278 amino acid residues, was found in toprh cdna sequence. an intron of 89 bp was identified when this cdna clone was compared with the toprh gene in the genome of t. orientalis. the deduced amino acid sequence of toprh shares 93.8, 93.1 and 69.1% identities with the prohibitins of t ... | 2005 | 16190319 |
| development of a rapid immunochromatographic test for simultaneous serodiagnosis of bovine babesioses caused by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | with the objective of developing a simpler diagnostic alternative, a rapid immunochromatographic test (boiict) was constructed for the simultaneous detection of babesia bovis- and babesia bigemina-specific antibodies using b. bovis recombinant merozoite surface antigen-2c and b. bigemina recombinant rhoptry-associated protein-1. the boiict selectively detected specific antibodies to b. bovis and b. bigemina. all sera from cattle infected with other protozoan parasites (i.e., cryptosporidium parv ... | 2008 | 18187794 |
| epidemiological survey of theileria orientalis infection in grazing cattle in the eastern part of hokkaido, japan. | theileria orientalis is one of the benign species of theileria that is widely distributed in japan and is sometimes responsible for serious economic losses in the livestock industry. in the present study, we surveyed the current status of t. orientalis infection in grazing cattle in the eastern areas of hokkaido (taiki, otofuke, shintoku, and shin-hidaka districts) using molecular methods, as well as traditional methods, of diagnosis. the genes encoding the major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) ... | 2009 | 19652482 |
| divergence of the mitochondrial genome structure in the apicomplexan parasites, babesia and theileria. | mitochondrial (mt) genomes from diverse phylogenetic groups vary considerably in size, structure, and organization. the genus plasmodium, causative agent of malaria, of the phylum apicomplexa, has the smallest mt genome in the form of a circular and/or tandemly repeated linear element of 6 kb, encoding only three protein genes (cox1, cox3, and cob). the closely related genera babesia and theileria also have small mt genomes (6.6 kb) that are monomeric linear with an organization distinct from pl ... | 2010 | 20034997 |
| generation of ifn-gamma-producing cells that recognize the major piroplasm surface protein in theileria orientalis-infected bovines. | theileriosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by theileria species. the theileria species are classified into two groups depending on the cell type in which they proliferate and the clinical symptoms. the first group consists of lymphoproliferative theileria species (t. parva and t. annulata), which mainly proliferate in lymphocytes, causing uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation. the other group consists of a nonlymphoproliferative theileria species (t. orientalis, also known as t. serge ... | 2010 | 20418019 |
| genotypic diversity of theileria orientalis detected from cattle grazing in kumamoto and okinawa prefectures of japan. | theileria orientalis is a benign protozoan species that is widely distributed in japan, yet sometimes causes serious economic losses in the livestock industry. in this study, we conducted a molecular survey based on genes encoding the major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) and p23 for t. orientalis detected in cattle grazing in southern areas of japan, consisting of 2 farms in kumamoto prefecture (aso and kuma districts) and 3 farms in okinawa prefecture (ishigaki, iriomote, and yonaguni islands ... | 2010 | 20978366 |
| rapid discrimination and quantification of theileria orientalis types using ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers. | we report the population structure analysis of theileria orientalis types (ikeda, buffeli and chitose), the causative agent of theileriosis in cattle and its cohorts, using its1 and its2 spacers by fragment genotyping. we utilized primers flanking the two ribosomal rna internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2). due to varying degrees of sequence polymorphism in the its regions found within and between species, we exploited the insertions and or deletions in these regions which resulted in dif ... | 2010 | 21145431 |
| molecular epidemiological survey of theileria orientalis in thua thien hue province, vietnam. | theileria orientalis is a benign bovine protozoan parasite that occasionally causes serious economic loss in the livestock industry. we report the findings of a molecular epidemiological survey of t. orientalis in 94 vietnamese yellow cattle, 43 water buffaloes, 21 sheep, 21 goats and 85 blood-sucking ticks of cattle in the thua thien hue province of vietnam. the major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) gene of t. orientalis was detected using polymerase chain reaction from 13 cattle (13.8%), 11 w ... | 2010 | 21187678 |
| emergence of new types of theileria orientalis in australian cattle and possible cause of theileriosis outbreaks. | theileria parasites cause a benign infection of cattle in parts of australia where they are endemic, but have, in recent years, been suspected of being responsible for a number of outbreaks of disease in cattle near the coast of new south wales. the objective of this study was to identify and characterize the species of theileria in cattle on six farms in new south wales where disease outbreaks have occurred, and compare with theileria from three disease-free farms in queensland that is endemic ... | 2011 | 21338493 |
| an outbreak of haemolytic anaemia associated with infection of theileria orientalis in naive cattle. | an outbreak of haemolytic anaemia occurred when 87 cattle were introduced from a presumed non-infected herd from south otago to a herd in northland (n=580 cows), new zealand, where theileriosis is endemic. | 2011 | 21409734 |
| molecular prevalence of different genotypes of theileria orientalis detected from cattle and water buffaloes in thailand. | abstract here, we report on an epidemiological study regarding the molecular prevalence of different genotypes of theileria orientalis present among domestic cattle and water buffalo populations bred in thailand. a phylogenetic analysis based on the parasitic gene encoding a major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) revealed the presence of 5 genotypes (types 1, 3, 5, 7, and n-3) in cattle and 7 genotypes (types 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, n-2, and n-3) in water buffaloes. types 4, 7, and n-3 of t. orientalis w ... | 2011 | 21671722 |
| detection of theileria orientalis in iran by semi-nested pcr. | in order to identify and differentiate theileria orientalis in cattle which may be infected with theileria annulata simultaneously, a semi-nested pcr was performed. thus, 160 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy native cattle in golestan province of northern iran, during 2009 to 2011. the tbs-s/tbs-a primer set derived from the 18s rrna encoding gene was used for first pcr amplification, and the amplified sequence weight by this primer set for theileria sp. was 426-430 bp. then, ... | 2011 | 21755408 |
| the first survey of theileria orientalis infection in mongolian cattle. | in the present study, we have surveyed the presence of a bovine theileria protozoan, theileria orientalis, in mongolian cattle and engorging tick populations from selected provinces and districts in mongolia. the percentages of infection in the cattle and ticks ranged from 8.8 to 66.6 and from 3.7 to 73.3, respectively, on a per district basis. the genetic diversity of t. orientalis isolates was also studied, based on the protozoan gene encoding a major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp). at least ... | 2011 | 21684083 |
| Molecular characterization of Theileria orientalis causing fatal infection in crossbred adult bovines of South India. | The disease condition attributed to have been caused by Theileria orientalis is generally benign. However, it is also thought that the parasite, at least some strains of it, can cause fatal disease. The present communication deals with the clinical signs, postmortem lesions and diagnosis of a fatal disease due to T. orientalis which caused mortality in crossbred adult bovines of South India. High body temperature, lacrimation, nasal discharge, swollen lymph nodes and haemoglobinuria were the sym ... | 2011 | 21871972 |
| Bovine theileriosis - An emerging problem in south-eastern Australia? | Bovine theileriosis is an arthropod-borne disease caused by one or more haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Theileria. Traditionally, Theileria infection in cattle in Australia was largely asymptomatic and recognized to be associated with Theileria buffeli, now assigned to the Theileria orientalis-group. There have been some recent outbreaks of theileriosis in dairy and beef cattle, mainly in subtropical climatic zone (New South Wales) of Australia. Here, we provide the first published evidenc ... | 2011 | 21906697 |
| interference between theileria orientalis and hemotropic mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas) in grazing cattle. | theileria orientalis and hemotropic mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas) can cause anemia in cattle. cattle infected with one of these two pathogens tend to resist infection by the other pathogen. this is called the "interference phenomenon". however, the detailed investigation of this phenomenon using molecular techniques has not been performed until now. we used pcr to analyze blood samples from cattle grazing in two pastures, and investigated interference between t. orientalis and hemoplasmas. resul ... | 2012 | 23312869 |
| oriental theileriosis in dairy cows causes a significant milk production loss. | oriental theileriosis is a tick-borne, protozoan disease of cattle caused by members of the theileria orientalis-complex. recent outbreaks of this disease in eastern australia have caused major concerns to the dairy and beef farming communities, but there are no published studies of the economic impact of this disease. on a farm in victoria, australia, we assessed whether oriental theileriosis has an impact on milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cows. | 2014 | 24552213 |
| seroprevalence of bovine theileriosis in northern china. | bovine theileriosis is a common disease transmitted by ticks, and can cause loss of beef and dairy cattle worldwide. here, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) based on theileria luwenshuni surface protein (tlsp) was developed and used to carry out a seroepidemiological survey of bovine theileriosis in northern china. | 2016 | 27863521 |
| emergence of oriental theileriosis in cattle and its transmission through rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in assam, india. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of theileria in blood samples of crossbred and indigenous adult cows raised under unorganized small scale farming system in a babesia and anaplasma endemic geographical area from assam, india and to see its transmission through rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. | 2015 | 27047205 |
| detection of theileria orientalis genotypes in haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from southern australia. | theileria are blood-borne intracellular protozoal parasites belonging to the phylum apicomplexa. previously considered a benign parasite in australia, outbreaks of clinical disease resulting from theileria orientalis genotypes have been reported in australia since 2006. since this time, outbreaks have become widespread in south-eastern australia, resulting in significant adverse impacts on local dairy and beef industries. this paper provides the first investigation into the possible biological a ... | 2015 | 25889204 |
| diversity of haemaphysalis-associated piroplasms of ruminants in central-eastern europe, hungary. | increasing numbers of genetic variants are being recognized among piroplasms, but the precise taxonomical status, the tick vector and the geographical range of several species or genotypes are still unknown. bovine piroplasmosis was reported to re-emerge in north-east hungary. because theileria-infection was newly diagnosed in one cattle herd in the same region of the country, the aim of this study was to molecularly identify the relevant agent, to find its local vector tick species, and to exam ... | 2015 | 26652614 |
| molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of china. | although many vector-borne agents are potential zoonoses and cause substantial morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide, there are limited data on these organisms in dogs of china. | 2015 | 26428085 |
| establishment of transient and stable transfection systems for babesia ovata. | bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by several species of babesia which produce acute and fatal disease in cattle and affect livestock industry worldwide. babesia ovata is a benign species widespread in east asian countries and causes anemia, particularly in cattle which are co-infected with theileria orientalis. the development of genetic manipulation methods is necessary to improve our understanding of the basic biology of protozoan pathogens toward a better control of disease. su ... | 2016 | 27008652 |
| factors associated with seroconversion to the major piroplasm surface protein of the bovine haemoparasite theileria orientalis. | bovine theileriosis caused by theileria orientalis is an emerging disease of cattle in the asia-pacific region where it causes a significant economic burden to meat and milk production. while host immunological responses to the lymphocyte-transforming species of theileria, t. parva and t. annulata, have been well studied, little is known about the immune response to this non-transforming species. | 2016 | 26912048 |
| mechanical transfer of theileria orientalis: possible roles of biting arthropods, colostrum and husbandry practices in disease transmission. | the intracellular protozoal parasite theileria orientalis has rapidly spread across south-eastern australia, substantially impacting local cattle industries since 2006. haemaphysalis longicornis appears to be a biological vector in the endemic regions. mechanical transfer of blood by biting arthropods, in colostrum or iatrogenic transmission though husbandry procedures is another possible mode of transmission. this study assesses the risk of these mechanical modes of transmission. | 2016 | 26793977 |
| bayesian data assimilation provides rapid decision support for vector-borne diseases. | predicting the spread of vector-borne diseases in response to incursions requires knowledge of both host and vector demographics in advance of an outbreak. although host population data are typically available, for novel disease introductions there is a high chance of the pathogen using a vector for which data are unavailable. this presents a barrier to estimating the parameters of dynamical models representing host-vector-pathogen interaction, and hence limits their ability to provide quantitat ... | 0 | 26136225 |
| comparison of the performance of three pcr assays for the detection and differentiation of theileria orientalis genotypes. | oriental theileriosis is a tick-borne disease of bovines caused by the members of the theileria orientalis complex. recently, we developed a multiplexed tandem (mt) pcr to detect, differentiate and quantitate four genotypes (i.e., buffeli, chitose, ikeda and type 5) of t. orientalis. in this study, we used mt pcr to assess the prevalence and infection intensity of four t. orientalis genotypes in selected cattle herds that experienced oriental theileriosis outbreaks in new zealand, and compared t ... | 2015 | 25885744 |
| pcr detection of babesia ovata from cattle reared in japan and clinical significance of coinfection with theileria orientalis. | we describe here the clinical significance of coinfection with theileria orientalis and babesia ovata in cattle. anemia status in a herd of dairy cattle in japan was investigated in relation to infection with these parasites. our findings indicate that while b. ovata infection might not be the primary cause of anemia in the cattle, it may contribute to the clinical development of anemia in animals coinfected with both b. ovata and t. orientalis. | 2012 | 22442312 |
| type-specific pcr assays for babesia bovis msa-1 genotypes in asia: revisiting the genetic diversity in sri lanka, mongolia, and vietnam. | babesia bovis is the most virulent babesia organism, resulting in a high mortality rate in cattle. the genetic diversity of b. bovis merozoite surface antigens (msas), such as msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c, might be linked to altered immune profiles in the host animals. the present study aimed to develop type-specific pcr assays for asian msa-1 genotypes, thereby re-analyzing the genetic diversity of msa-1 in sri lanka, mongolia, and vietnam. specific primers were designed for nine asian msa-1 genot ... | 2016 | 26520797 |
| molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine babesia spp., theileria orientalis, and anaplasma marginale in beef cattle in thailand. | babesia spp., theileria orientalis, and anaplasma marginale are significant tick-borne pathogens that affect the health and productivity of cattle in tropical and subtropical areas. in this study, we used pcr to detect the presence of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, and t. orientalis in 279 beef cattle from western thailand and a. marginale in 608 beef cattle from the north, northeastern, and western regions. the pcrs were performed using species-specific primers based on the b. bovis spherical ... | 2017 | 28028631 |
| molecular detection and genetic identification of babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, theileria orientalis and anaplasma marginale in turkey. | babesia spp., theileria spp. and anaplasma spp. are significant tick-borne pathogens of livestock globally. in this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, theileria orientalis and anaplasma marginale in cattle from 6 provinces of turkey using species-specific pcr assays. the pcr were conducted using the primers based on the b. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a (bbirap-1a), t. annulata merozoite surface antigen-1 (tams-1), t. orientalis ... | 2016 | 26492823 |
| evaluating an indirect rmpsp enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine theileria infection in china. | bovine theileriosis, a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by theileria annulata, theileria orientalis and theileria sinensis, is widespread in china and is a serious economic problem for the chinese livestock industry. in this study, recombinant major piroplasma surface proteins (mpsp) of t. annulata, t. orientalis and t. sinensis based on mpsp genes were expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). the immunogenicity and specificity of the three purified recombinant mpsp proteins were evaluated wi ... | 2017 | 27942962 |
| molecular evidence for bacterial and protozoan pathogens in hard ticks from romania. | the aim of the present study was to provide a preliminary insight into the diversity of tick-borne pathogens circulating at the domestic host-tick interface in romania. for this, feeding and questing ticks were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, anaplasma platys, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, and by pcr and subsequent sequencing for rickettsia spp., babesia spp. and theileria spp. a total of 382 ticks, encompas ... | 2013 | 23428204 |
| molecular assays reveal the presence of theileria spp. and babesia spp. in asian water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis, linnaeus, 1758) in the amazon region of brazil. | approximately 50% of buffalo herds in brazil are located in pará state in northern brazil. there are several properties where cattle and buffalo live and graze together, and thus, buffalo pathogens may threaten the health of cattle and vice versa. therefore, knowledge of infectious agents of buffalo is essential for maintaining healthy livestock. clinical disease caused by theileria and babesia parasites in the asian water buffalo is not common, although these animals may act as reservoir hosts, ... | 2016 | 27344507 |
| epidemiology of bovine hemoprotozoa parasites in cattle and water buffalo in vietnam. | a pcr-based survey of hemoprotozoa parasites detected babesia bigemina, theileria orientalis and trypanosoma theileri among cattle and water buffalo in vietnam, and a new babesia sp. closely related to babesia ovata was detected in cattle only. in addition, theileria annulata and trypanosoma evansi were not detected in both cattle and water buffalo. phylogenetic analysis detected t. orientalis mpsp genotypes 3, 5, 7 and n3 in cattle and 5, 7, n1 and n2 in water buffalo. additionally, water buffa ... | 2016 | 27149894 |
| molecular epidemiology of bovine babesia spp. and theileria orientalis parasites in beef cattle from northern and northeastern thailand. | beef cattle production represents the largest cattle population in thailand. their productivity is constrained by tick-borne diseases such as babesiosis and theileriosis. in this study, we determined the prevalence of babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and theileria orientalis using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the genetic markers that were used for detection of the above parasites were sequenced to determine identities and similarity for babesia spp. and genetic diversity of t. orientalis. fur ... | 2016 | 26475202 |
| an epidemiological survey of bovine babesia and theileria parasites in cattle, buffaloes, and sheep in egypt. | cattle, buffaloes, and sheep are the main sources of meat and milk in egypt, but their productivity is thought to be greatly reduced by hemoprotozoan parasitic diseases. in this study, we analyzed the infection rates of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, and theileria orientalis, using parasite-specific pcr assays in blood-dna samples sourced from cattle (n=439), buffaloes (n=50), and sheep (n=105) reared in menoufia, behera, giza, and sohag provinces of egypt. in cattle, the p ... | 2015 | 25305419 |
| diagnostic value of the recombinant tandem repeat antigen tegm6-4r for surra in water buffaloes. | trypanosoma evansi infection, or surra, is currently affecting various species of animals, especially water buffaloes. since diagnosis is an important aspect of surra control, development of novel diagnostic antigens is of interest to implement and improve the currently utilized methods. our study evaluated the tandem repeat antigen tegm6-4r in t. evansi antibody detection in water buffaloes. tegm6-4r-based elisa was performed with 20 positive and 8 negative controls and 484 field samples from w ... | 2014 | 24524896 |
| genetic characterization of babesia and theileria parasites in water buffaloes in sri lanka. | water buffaloes are thought to be the reservoir hosts for several hemoprotozoan parasites that infect cattle. in the present study, we surveyed sri lankan bred water buffaloes for infections with babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, and theileria orientalis using parasite-specific pcr assays. when 320 blood-derived dna samples from water buffaloes reared in three different districts (polonnaruwa, mannar, and mullaitivu) of sri lanka were pcr screened, b. bovis, b. bigemina, and t ... | 2014 | 24365246 |
| pcr detection and genetic diversity of bovine hemoprotozoan parasites in vietnam. | hemoprotozoan infections often cause serious production losses in livestock. in the present study, we conducted a pcr-based survey of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, theileria orientalis, trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma theileri, using 423 dna samples extracted from blood samples of cattle (n=202), water buffaloes (n=43), sheep (n=51) and goats (n=127) bred in the hue and hanoi provinces of vietnam. with the exception of t. annulata and t. evansi, all other parasite speci ... | 2013 | 23856762 |
| a pcr-based survey of selected babesia and theileria parasites in cattle in sri lanka. | hemoprotozoan parasites are responsible for significant economic losses in cattle. we screened sri lankan cattle populations for the presence of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, and theileria orientalis, using species-specific pcr assays. out of 316 samples collected from animals in four different districts of sri lanka (nuwara eliya, polonnaruwa, ampara, and jaffna), 231 (73.1%) were positive for at least one parasite species. all four parasite species were detected among th ... | 2012 | 22673106 |
| comparative genome analysis of three eukaryotic parasites with differing abilities to transform leukocytes reveals key mediators of theileria-induced leukocyte transformation. | we sequenced the genome of theileria orientalis, a tick-borne apicomplexan protozoan parasite of cattle. the focus of this study was a comparative genome analysis of t. orientalis relative to other highly pathogenic theileria species, t. parva and t. annulata. t. parva and t. annulata induce transformation of infected cells of lymphocyte or macrophage/monocyte lineages; in contrast, t. orientalis does not induce uncontrolled proliferation of infected leukocytes and multiplies predominantly withi ... | 2012 | 22951932 |
| babesia ovata: taxonomy, phylogeny and epidemiology. | babesia ovata, which is transmitted by haemaphysalis longicornis, is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of cattle. based on its morphology, b. ovata is classified as a large-type babesia. the developmental stages of b. ovata have been described both in cattle and the tick vector. in infected adult female ticks, the parasite is transovarially transmitted to the tick eggs. the sexual reproduction of b. ovata has been demonstrated in the tick midgut. the diagnostic tools that are currently ava ... | 2016 | 27809988 |
| investigation of bovine haemoplasmas and their association with anaemia in new zealand cattle. | a dairy cow, from a herd in the waikato region of new zealand, was reported with regenerative anaemia on 12 september 2014. testing of blood from the animal using pcr assays for theileria orientalis produced a negative result for both chitose and ikeda types. | 2016 | 26411673 |
| theileria infection in domestic ruminants in northern ethiopia. | piroplasmosis caused by different tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasites of the genera theileria and babesia is among the most economically important infections of domestic ruminants in sub-saharan africa. a survey for piroplasm infection was conducted in three locations in northern ethiopia. of 525 domestic ruminants surveyed, 80% of the cattle, 94% of the sheep and 2% of the goats were positive for different theileria spp. based on pcr of blood followed by dna sequencing. sheep had a significantly ... | 2014 | 24360645 |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of tams1 of theileria annulata isolates from three continents between 2000 and 2012. | theileria annulata, which is part of the theileria sergenti/theileria buffeli/theileria orientalis group, preferentially infects cattle and results in high mortality and morbidity in the mediterranean, middle east, and central asia. the polypeptide tams1 is an immunodominant major merozoite piroplasm surface antigen of t. annulata that could be used as a marker for epidemiological studies and phylogenetic analysis. in the present study, a total of 155 tams1 sequences were investigated for geneti ... | 2014 | 26155166 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bovine theileria spp. isolated in south india. | the objective of the present study is to determine the phylogenetic position of the theileria organisms in blood of cattle of southern india using molecular tools. theileria annulata (namakkal isolate, tamil nadu) and three theileria field isolates (free of t. annulata) from wayanad, kerala (wayanad 1, 2, 3) were used. the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) and major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) gene products were cloned, sequenced and the phylogenetic tree constructed. ssu rrna gene of ... | 2013 | 23959494 |
| mutation scanning-based analysis of theileria orientalis populations in cattle following an outbreak. | bovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by one or more hemoprotozoan parasites of the genus theileria. in the past, theileria infection in cattle in australia was largely asymptomatic and recognized to be associated with theileria buffeli. however, outbreaks of theileriosis have occurred in beef and dairy cattle in subtropical climatic regions (new south wales) of australia. there is also one published report of a recent theileriosis outbreak in a beef farm near seymour in the southea ... | 2012 | 22806470 |
| molecular detection and characterization of theileria infection in cattle and yaks from tibet plateau region, china. | theileriosis continues to threaten the livestock industry worldwide, but comprehensive epidemiological surveys for this disease have not been conducted in the tibet plateau region, china. in this study, we screened 154 cattle blood samples from the tibet plateau region (lhasa, lhoka, and tianzhu), china, for detection of theileria pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with species-specific primers. the results revealed that the prevalence was 6.9 % (2/29) for theileria orientalis and 27.6 ... | 2016 | 27000088 |
| an outbreak of oriental theileriosis in dairy cattle imported to vietnam from australia. | this study reports an outbreak of oriental theileriosis in dairy cattle imported to vietnam from australia. following clinical and pathological diagnoses, a total of 112 cattle blood samples were divided into three groups and tested using multiplexed tandem pcr. group 1 were from aborted heifers in vietnam; group 2 were from cattle before shipment from group 1 cattle and group 3 were from the same batch of cattle but transported to taiwan. theileria orientalis dna was detected in 72·3% cattle. t ... | 2016 | 27938442 |
| inadequate differentiation of theileria orientalis genotypes buffeli and ikeda in a multiplexed tandem pcr (mt-pcr) assay using the p23 gene as a marker. | | 2017 | 27927924 |
| molecular characterisation of theileria orientalis in imported and native bovines from pakistan. | the epidemiological aspects of theileria orientalis in pakistan are unknown; therefore, investigations using sensitive and precise molecular techniques are required. this study reports the first molecular characterisation of t. orientalis detected from imported (bos taurus) and native cattle (bos indicus×bos taurus) and buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) selected from four districts of punjab, pakistan. dna samples from blood (n=246) were extracted and tested using conventional pcr utilising the major ... | 2017 | 27838527 |
| genetic characterization of theileria orientalis from cattle in the republic of korea. | theileria orientalis is the causative agent of benign theileriosis, which is distributed mainly in asian countries, and causes serious economic losses in the livestock industry. the present study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of t. orientalis infections in cattle in the republic of korea (rok) and to characterize the genetic diversity of t. orientalis based on the major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) genes. in 2015, between july and august, blood samples were collected from 138 ... | 2017 | 27817011 |
| detection of theileria orientalis in mosquito blood meals in the united kingdom. | theileria spp. are tick-borne protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of wild and domestic animals. in this study, the utility of xenosurveillance of blood-fed specimens of culiseta annulata for detecting the presence of piroplasms in livestock was investigated. blood-fed mosquitoes were collected at elmley national nature reserve, kent, united kingdom. all specimens were morphologically identified, and dna barcoding was used to confirm the morphological identification. both the vertebrate ... | 2016 | 27809975 |
| assessing the performance of multiplexed tandem pcr for the diagnosis of pathogenic genotypes of theileria orientalis using pooled blood samples from cattle. | oriental theileriosis caused by multiple genotypes of theileria orientalis is an important tick-borne disease of bovines. here, we assessed the performance of an established multiplexed tandem pcr (mt-pcr) for the diagnosis of the two recognized, pathogenic genotypes (chitose and ikeda) of t. orientalis in cattle using pooled blood samples. we used a total of 265 cattle blood samples, which were divided into two groups according to previous mt-pcr results for individual samples. samples in group ... | 2017 | 27364878 |
| predicting the potential environmental suitability for theileria orientalis transmission in new zealand cattle using maximum entropy niche modelling. | the tick-borne haemoparasite theileria orientalis is the most important infectious cause of anaemia in new zealand cattle. since 2012 a previously unrecorded type, t. orientalis type 2 (ikeda), has been associated with disease outbreaks of anaemia, lethargy, jaundice and deaths on over 1000 new zealand cattle farms, with most of the affected farms found in the upper north island. the aim of this study was to model the relative environmental suitability for t. orientalis transmission throughout n ... | 2016 | 27270395 |
| seasonal changes in hemograms and theileria orientalis infection rates among holstein cattle pastured in the mountains in the republic of korea. | in the current study, we compared seasonal changes in complete blood counts (cbcs) and rates of infection with a tick-borne pathogen between holstein cattle housed indoors and those maintained outside on pasture. there were differences in white blood cell (wbc) parameters, but the changes were not associated with seasons or the housing type. analysis of red blood cell (rbc) parameters showed lower values in august and november versus march, and in the cattle maintained on pasture versus the hous ... | 2016 | 27094144 |
| dynamics of theileria orientalis genotype population in cattle in a year-round grazing system. | theirelia orientalis is a tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasite, and infection with this parasite is one of the most important diseases for grazing cattle. co-infection of cattle with different genotypes of t. orientalis often occurs. in this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of genotypes in cattle in a year-round grazing system in japan. genotype-specific pcr assays to determine major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) genotypes (types 1 to 5) of t. orientalis were performed by using time ... | 2016 | 27078669 |
| molecular characterization of theileria orientalis from cattle in ethiopia. | this study reports the first molecular characterization of theileria orientalis in local breeds of cattle in ethiopia. a conventional pcr utilizing major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) gene and an established multiplexed tandem pcr (mt-pcr) were used to characterize t. orientalis and to assess the infection intensity, respectively. of 232 blood samples tested, t. orientalis dna was detected in only 2.2% of samples using conventional pcr; two genotypes buffeli (1.3%; 3/232) and type 5 (0.9%; 2/ ... | 2016 | 27034193 |
| prevalence of theileria orientalis types in beef cattle herds on the north coast of new south wales. | to estimate the prevalence of theileria orientalis infection for chitose, ikeda and buffeli major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) types at a herd- and animal-level in beef cattle in the north coast livestock health and pest authority (nclhpa) region of new south wales (nsw). | 2016 | 27021893 |
| an observational study of the vertical transmission of theileria orientalis (ikeda) in a new zealand pastoral dairy herd. | although only recently recognised, theileria orientalis (ikeda) is now the most important infectious cause of anaemia in new zealand cattle. the aim of this study was to test if vertical transmission of t. orientalis (ikeda) from dam to calf across the placenta occurs in naturally infected new zealand dairy cattle and to also test whether the infection status of the dam at calving affects the future susceptibility of its offspring to t. orientalis (ikeda) infection. dairy cows (n=97) and their c ... | 2016 | 26872929 |
| re: application of quantitative pcr assays for diagnosing ikeda and other theileria orientalis types to examine associations between severity of anaemia and parasitaemia in bovine anaemia outbreaks. | | 2016 | 26829563 |
| monitoring an epidemic of theileria-associated bovine anaemia (ikeda) in cattle herds in new zealand. | monitoring an epidemic of an emerging vector-borne disease can be problematic; particularly in a country where vector-borne disease has previously had minimal impact on livestock. this paper describes methods of past and current surveillance of the theileria-associated bovine anaemia (ikeda; taba) epidemic in new zealand, and the resulting inferences made. over the three year period of the taba epidemic a portfolio of surveillance methods has been used: case reporting (with subsidised pcr testin ... | 2016 | 26806005 |
| investigation of the index case herd and identification of the genotypes of theileria orientalis associated with outbreaks of bovine anaemia in new zealand in 2012. | on 7 september 2012 the ministry for primary industries was notified of a dairy cow with regenerative anaemia (haematocrit (hct) 0.08 l/l) in a herd of 465 jersey-friesian cross cows (index case herd) in the northland region of new zealand. organisms consistent with theileria spp. were present in red blood cells on a blood smear. no other causes of anaemia were detected following examination of affected cows. blood samples collected from 29 randomly selected cows on 26 september 2012 showed that ... | 2016 | 26540640 |
| fatal theileria orientalis n2 genotype infection among asian water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in a commercial dairy farm in kerala, india. | fifteen dairy buffaloes of a farm in the state of kerala, india developed fatal oriental theileriosis within 2 months of their procurement. typical piroplasms of theileria orientalis were observed in the erythrocytes of all affected animals by giemsa-leishman staining of blood smears. case fatality rate was 87·5% (seven out of eight) in the clinically progressed cases. therapeutic management with anti-theilerial drugs buparvaquone and oxytetracycline led to recovery of seven other animals in les ... | 2016 | 26522773 |
| an assessment of the herd-level impact of the theileria orientalis (ikeda) epidemic of cattle in new zealand, 2012-2013: a mixed methods approach. | to estimate incidence risk, cumulative mortality and case fatality rate within herds affected by bovine anaemia associated with theileria orientalis infection (taba), in new zealand during the early phase of the epidemic (august 2012-september 2013). | 2016 | 26515925 |
| epidemiology of the epidemic of bovine anaemia associated with theileria orientalis (ikeda) between august 2012 and march 2014. | to describe the epidemiology of the epidemic of bovine anaemia associated with theileria orientalis infection (taba) in new zealand between 30 august 2012 and 4 march 2014. | 2016 | 26493076 |
| prevalence and spatial distribution of cattle herds infected with theileria orientalis in new zealand between 2012 and 2013. | to describe the prevalence and spatial distribution of cattle herds infected with ikeda and non-ikeda types of theileria orientalis in new zealand between november 2012 and june 2013. | 2016 | 26436469 |
| application of quantitative pcr assays for diagnosing ikeda and other theileria orientalis types to examine associations between severity of anaemia and parasitaemia in bovine anaemia outbreaks. | to use quantitative pcr assays to detect theileria orientalis ikeda type in cattle presumed infected with t. orientalis, to examine the relationship between theilerial piroplasm count and haematocrit (hct), and the relationship with quantification cycle threshold (cq) values. | 2016 | 26411808 |
| re: theileria orientalis: a review. | | 2016 | 26377050 |
| developing high throughput quantitative pcr assays for diagnosing ikeda and other theileria orientalis types common to new zealand in bovine blood samples. | to develop rapid, quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays using high resolution melt (hrm) analysis and type-specific taqman assays for identifying the prevalent types of theileria orientalis found in new zealand cattle; and to evaluate their analytical and diagnostic characteristics compared with other assays for t. orientalis. | 2016 | 26333694 |
| development and validation of an inexpensive and efficient method for the extraction of theileria orientalis dna from blood. | theileria orientalis is an emerging bovine pathogen in australasia. pcr-based detection methods for this parasite are sensitive but relatively expensive, partly due to costs associated with dna extraction. an inexpensive and efficient technique was developed for the extraction of t. orientalis dna from blood based on hypotonic erythrocyte lysis and detergent-proteinase k treatment (dpk method). the dpk method compares favourably to a commercial extraction kit when paired with a t. orientalis mul ... | 2015 | 26319198 |
| emergence of new genotype and diversity of theileria orientalis parasites from bovines in india. | bovine theileriosis is a serious threat to livestock worldwide. uncertainty around species prevalence, antigenic diversity and genotypes of strains make it difficult to assess the impact of this parasite and to provide necessary treatment. we aimed to characterize genotypic diversity, phylogeny and prevalence of theileria orientalis parasites from the states of telangana and andhra pradesh, india by collecting bovine blood samples from the major districts of the two states. bioinformatic analysi ... | 2015 | 26318544 |
| theileria orientalis: a review. | theileria orientalis (also known historically as t. sergenti and t. buffeli) is responsible for benign or non-transforming theileriosis, and exerts its major effect through erythrocyte destruction. the life cycle of t. orientalis is essentially similar to that of other theileria species, except that the schizonts do not induce transformation and fatal lymphoproliferation. the pathogenesis of anaemia as a result of infection is not clearly established and may be multifaceted. clinical signs of we ... | 2016 | 26143684 |
| investigating the first outbreak of oriental theileriosis in cattle in south australia using multiplexed tandem pcr (mt-pcr). | this study investigated the first outbreak of oriental theileriosis in a herd of beef cattle in south australia using a newly established multiplexed tandem pcr (mt-pcr) to identify, differentiate and quantitate the four genotypes (buffeli, chitose, ikeda and type 5) of theileria orientalis recognised to occur in australasia. following clinical diagnosis of oriental theileriosis (based on clinical signs, laboratory findings and post mortem examination), 155 blood samples were collected from indi ... | 2015 | 25985720 |
| biology, ecology and distribution of the tick, haemaphysalis longicornis neumann (acari: ixodidae) in new zealand. | haemaphysalis longicornis is the only tick in new zealand that infests livestock. throughout its range h. longicornis is exposed to and exhibits tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions, although it flourishes more in moist, warm-temperate environments. this review examines aspects of the biology, physiology and ecology of h. longicornis that determine its distribution and seasonal activity in new zealand, based on laboratory and field studies. examples are also drawn from studies o ... | 2016 | 25849758 |
| temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle. | in australia, outbreaks of clinical theileriosis caused by theileria orientalis have been largely associated with the ikeda genotype which can occur as a sole infection, or more commonly, as a mixture of genotypes. the most prevalent genotype, chitose, frequently co-occurs with type ikeda, however the role of this genotype in clinical disease has not been clearly established. furthermore, the dynamics of individual genotypes in field infection of cattle have not been examined. in this study we d ... | 2015 | 25795385 |
| use of multiplexed tandem pcr to estimate the prevalence and intensity of theileria orientalis infections in cattle. | this study employed a semi-quantitative, multiplexed tandem pcr (mt-pcr) to assess the prevalence and infection intensity of four genotypes (buffeli, chitose, ikeda and type 5) of theileria orientalis in cattle in australia. genomic dna samples from blood samples (n=448) collected from 27 to 32 dairy cows from each of 15 dairy herds with a history of recent theileriosis outbreaks (group 1), and from blood samples available from 24 cows with or without oriental theileriosis (group 2) were tested ... | 2015 | 25735730 |