| genetic evidence for coinfection of honey bees by acute bee paralysis and kashmir bee viruses. | nucleotide sequence analyses were used to identify acute bee paralysis virus (abpv) and kashmir bee virus (kbv) isolated from a single honey bee colony. most of the bees in this colony carried kbv. some individual bees also carried abpv, a coexistence not yet seen between these two viruses. implications of coinfection on viral efficacy are discussed, along with a restriction enzyme assay that can be used to discriminate between these two widespread viruses. | 2001 | 12009798 |
| [first detection of kashmir bee virus in hesse, germany]. | we gathered dead bees of 56 hessian bee colonies following a sudden collapse during winter 2002/03. viral rna was purified from ten dead bees per sample. kashmir bee virus (kbv) was detected by use of a rt-pcr protocol. 13 samples were positive for kbv. the pcr amplicon was sequenced. a blast genbank search clearly identified the hessian amplicon as a kbv fragment. similarities of more than 85% were found. phylogenetic analysis revealed a close genetic relationship of the hessian isolate to an i ... | 2004 | 14964117 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of kashmir bee virus and comparison with acute bee paralysis virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a novel virus is presented here together with serological evidence that it belongs to kashmir bee virus (kbv). analysis reveals that kbv is a cricket paralysis-like virus (family dicistroviridae: genus cripavirus), with a non-structural polyprotein open reading frame in the 5' portion of the genome separated by an intergenic region from a structural polyprotein open reading frame in the 3' part of the genome. the genome also has a polyadenylated tail at the 3' ... | 2004 | 15269367 |
| prevalence and seasonal variations of six bee viruses in apis mellifera l. and varroa destructor mite populations in france. | a survey of six bee viruses on a large geographic scale was undertaken by using seemingly healthy bee colonies and the pcr technique. samples of adult bees and pupae were collected from 36 apiaries in the spring, summer, and autumn during 2002. varroa destructor samples were collected at the end of summer following acaricide treatment. in adult bees, during the year deformed wing virus (dwv) was found at least once in 97% of the apiaries, sacbrood virus (sbv) was found in 86% of the apiaries, ch ... | 2004 | 15574916 |
| multiple virus infections in the honey bee and genome divergence of honey bee viruses. | using uniplex rt-pcr we screened honey bee colonies for the presence of several bee viruses, including black queen cell virus (bqcv), deformed wing virus (dwv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and sacbrood virus (sbv), and described the detection of mixed virus infections in bees from these colonies. we report for the first time that individual bees can harbor four viruses simultaneously. we also developed a multiplex rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple bee viruses. the feasibility ... | 2004 | 15579317 |
| solenopsis invicta virus-1a (sinv-1a): distinct species or genotype of sinv-1? | we have cloned and sequenced a 2845 bp cdna representing the 3'-end of either a new picorna-like virus species or genotype of solenopsis invicta virus-1 (sinv-1). analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed 1 large open reading frame. the amino acid sequence of the translated open reading frame was most identical to structural proteins of sinv-1 (97%), followed by the kashmir bee virus (kbv, 30%), and acute bee paralysis virus (abpv, 29%). a pcr-based survey for sinv-1 and the new species or ge ... | 2005 | 15955342 |
| intricate transmission routes and interactions between picorna-like viruses (kashmir bee virus and sacbrood virus) with the honeybee host and the parasitic varroa mite. | viral diseases of honeybees are a major problem in apiculture, causing serious economic losses worldwide, especially in combination with varroa mites. to increase understanding of the relationship among viruses, mites and colony decline, the tripartite relationships among bees, viruses [kashmir bee virus (kbv) and sacbrood virus (sbv)] and varroa mites have been investigated systematically. to develop an antibody-based test for kbv, two structural recombinant proteins were purified for polyclona ... | 2005 | 16033976 |
| the role of varroa mites in infections of kashmir bee virus (kbv) and deformed wing virus (dwv) in honey bees. | to determine the roles of varroa mites in activating or vectoring viral infections, we performed quantitative comparison of viral infections between bees with and without mites by dot blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). under natural and artificial mite infestations, bee pupae contained significantly higher levels of kashmir bee virus (kbv) and deformed wing virus (dwv) rnas and kbv structural proteins than mite-free pupae. moreover, in mite-infested bee pupae, dwv had a ... | 2005 | 16109435 |
| detection of multiple viruses in queens of the honey bee apis mellifera l. | individual honey bee apis mellifera l. queens were examined for the presence of six honey bee viruses including acute bee paralysis virus, chronic bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, kashmir bee virus, and sacbrood virus. all viruses, except abpv, were detected in the samples. among queens examined for virus infections, 93% had multiple virus infections. the detection of viruses in queens raises the possibility of a vertical transmission pathway wherein infected que ... | 2005 | 16214161 |
| prevalence and transmission of honeybee viruses. | transmission mechanisms of six honeybee viruses, including acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), black queen cell virus (bqcv), chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv), deformed wing virus (dwv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and sacbrood bee virus (sbv), in honey bee colonies were investigated by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) methods. the virus status of individual queens was evaluated by examining the presence of viruses in the queens' feces and tissues, including hemolymph, gut, ovaries, spermatheca, ... | 2006 | 16391097 |
| occurrence of six honeybee viruses in diseased austrian apiaries. | the occurrence, prevalence, and distribution patterns of acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), black queen cell virus (bqcv), chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv), deformed wing virus (dwv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and sacbrood virus (sbv) were investigated in 90 austrian honeybee colonies suffering from symptoms of depopulation, sudden collapse, paralysis, or dark coloring by employing reverse transcription-pcr. infestation with parasites was also recorded. the samples originated from all parts of a ... | 2006 | 16597939 |
| isolation and characterization of israeli acute paralysis virus, a dicistrovirus affecting honeybees in israel: evidence for diversity due to intra- and inter-species recombination. | we report the isolation, purification, genome-sequencing and characterization of a picorna-like virus from dead bees in israel. sequence analysis indicated that iapv (israeli acute paralysis virus) is a distinct dicistrovirus. it is most homologous to kashmir bee virus and acute bee paralysis virus. the virus carries a 9487 nt rna genome in positive orientation, with two open reading frames separated by an intergenic region, and its coat comprises four major proteins, the sizes of which suggest ... | 2007 | 18024913 |
| the use of rna-dependent rna polymerase for the taxonomic assignment of picorna-like viruses (order picornavirales) infecting apis mellifera l. populations. | single-stranded rna viruses, infectious to the european honeybee, apis mellifera l. are known to reside at low levels in colonies, with typically no apparent signs of infection observed in the honeybees. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) of regions of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) is often used to diagnose their presence in apiaries and also to classify the type of virus detected. | 2008 | 18211671 |
| characterization of structural proteins of solenopsis invicta virus 1. | purification of solenopsis invicta virus 1 (sinv-1) from its host, s. invicta, and subsequent examination by electron microscopy revealed a homogeneous fraction of spherical particles with a diameter of 30-35 nm. quantitative pcr with sinv-1-specific oligonucleotide primers verified that this fraction contained high copy numbers of the sinv-1 genome. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the sinv-1 purified fraction revealed three major and one minor protein bands. the pro ... | 2008 | 18514347 |
| survey of six bee viruses using rt-pcr in northern thailand. | six honey bee viruses were surveyed using rt-pcr in northern thailand where about 80% of thai apiaries are located. tested samples were found to be positive for deformed wing virus (dwv), acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), sacbrood virus (sbv) and kashmir bee virus (kbv). in the collected samples, neither chronic bee paralysis virus nor black queen cell virus nucleic acids could be detected. it was found that dwv was the most widespread and abpv was the second most prevalent. kashmir bee virus wa ... | 2009 | 19105966 |
| molecular analysis of capsid protein of homalodisca coagulata virus-1, a new leafhopper-infecting virus from the glassy-winged sharpshooter, homalodisca coagulata. | a new virus that infects and causes increased mortality in leafhoppers was isolated from the glassy-winged sharpshooter, homalodisca coagulata (say) (hemiptera: cicadellidae). the virus, named homalodisca coagulata virus -1, hocv-1, was associated with increased mortality of cultured 5(th) instar h. coagulata. to identify the presence of h. coagulata viral pathogens, cdna expression libraries were made from adult and nymphs. analysis using reverse transcriptase pcr demonstrated that the virus wa ... | 2006 | 19537993 |
| a potentially novel overlapping gene in the genomes of israeli acute paralysis virus and its relatives. | the israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) is a honeybee-infecting virus that was found to be associated with colony collapse disorder. the iapv genome contains two genes encoding a structural and a nonstructural polyprotein. we applied a recently developed method for the estimation of selection in overlapping genes to detect purifying selection and, hence, functionality. we provide evolutionary evidence for the existence of a functional overlapping gene, which is translated in the +1 reading fram ... | 2009 | 19761605 |
| bioinformatic evidence for a stem-loop structure 5'-adjacent to the igr-ires and for an overlapping gene in the bee paralysis dicistroviruses. | the family dicistroviridae (order picornavirales) includes species that infect insects and other arthropods. these viruses have a linear positive-sense ssrna genome of approximately 8-10 kb, which contains two long orfs. the 5' orf encodes the nonstructural polyprotein while the 3' orf encodes the structural polyprotein. the dicistroviruses are noteworthy for the intergenic internal ribosome entry site (igr-ires) that mediates efficient translation initation on the 3' orf without the requirement ... | 2009 | 19895695 |
| the acute bee paralysis virus-kashmir bee virus-israeli acute paralysis virus complex. | acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), kashmir bee virus (kbv) and israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) are part of a complex of closely related viruses from the family dicistroviridae. these viruses have a widespread prevalence in honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies and a predominantly sub-clinical etiology that contrasts sharply with the extremely virulent pathology encountered at elevated titres, either artificially induced or encountered naturally. these viruses are frequently implicated in honey ... | 2010 | 19909972 |
| medium for development of bee cell cultures (apis mellifera: hymenoptera: apidae). | a media for the production of cell cultures from hymenopteran species such as honey bee, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae) was developed. multiple bee cell cultures were produced when using bee larvae and pupae as starting material and modified hert-hunter 70 media. cell culture systems for bees solves an impasse that has hindered efforts to isolate and screen pathogens which may be influencing or causing colony collapse disorder of bees. multiple life stages of maturing larvae to early pu ... | 2010 | 20033792 |
| emerging and re-emerging viruses of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.). | until the late 1980s, specific viral infections of the honey bee were generally considered harmless in all countries. then, with the worldwide introduction of the ectoparasite mite varroa destructor, beekeepers encountered increasing difficulties in maintaining their colonies. epidemiological surveys and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the newly acquired virulence of several viruses belonging to the family dicistroviridae (acute bee paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and israeli ac ... | 2010 | 20423694 |
| multiplex rt-pcr with broad-range primers and an exogenous internal amplification control for the detection of honeybee viruses in bumblebees. | bumblebees are commercially reared and transported worldwide mainly for pollination of greenhouse tomatoes. three honeybee viruses have been reported in bumblebees: acute bee paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and deformed wing virus. we developed a multiplex rt-pcr with primers designed on highly conserved regions of the rna-dependent rna polymerase in order to detect a maximum range of viral variants. rearing facilities and governmental organizations can now thoroughly screen bumblebee colonie ... | 2010 | 20600092 |
| detection of honey bee (apis mellifera) viruses with an oligonucleotide microarray. | in recent years, declines in honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies have been observed to varying degrees worldwide with the worst losses in the usa being termed colony collapse disorder (ccd). pathogen load and the prevalence of honey bee viruses have been implicated in these losses and many diseased hives have multiple viruses present. we have designed and tested an oligonucleotide microarray which enables the simultaneous detection of nine honey bee viruses: acute bee paralysis virus, black q ... | 2011 | 21419132 |
| Occurrence and prevalence of seven bee viruses in Apis mellifera and Apis cerana apiaries in China. | Populations of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in China were surveyed for seven bee viruses: acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), sacbrood virus (SBV), and Isreal acute paralysis virus (IAPV). No KBV was detected from any samples of the two species. In A. mellifera, DWV was the most prevalent virus, but in A. cerana, SBV was the dominant. Simultaneous multiple infections of viruses ... | 2012 | 22062807 |
| prevalence of nosema and virus in honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies on flowering period of acacia in korea. | honey production from approximately 1.6 million colonies owned by about 199,000 korean beekeepers was almost 23,000 metric tons in 2009. nosema causes significant losses in honey production and the virus decreases population size. we initiated a survey of honey bee colonies on the blooming period of acacia to determine the prevalence of nosema and virus in 2011. most korean beekeepers have moved from the south to north of korea to get acacia nectar for 2 mon. this provided a valuable opportunity ... | 2011 | 22783125 |
| two novel viruses associated with the apis mellifera pathogenic mite varroa destructor. | varroa destructor infestation of apis mellifera colonies carries and/or promotes replication of honey bee viruses like the deformed wing virus, the varroa destructor virus-1, the acute bee paralysis virus, the israeli acute bee paralysis virus and the kashmir bee virus that have been well described and characterized; but viruses exclusively associated with varroa were not found. to look for viruses that may associate with- or infect v. destructor we performed deep sequencing (rna-seq) of rna ext ... | 2016 | 27883042 |
| the honey bee pathosphere of mongolia: european viruses in central asia. | parasites and pathogens are apparent key factors for the detrimental health of managed european honey bee subspecies, apis mellifera. apicultural trade is arguably the main factor for the almost global distribution of most honey bee diseases, thereby increasing chances for multiple infestations/infections of regions, apiaries, colonies and even individual bees. this imposes difficulties to evaluate the effects of pathogens in isolation, thereby creating demand to survey remote areas. here, we co ... | 2016 | 26959221 |
| occurrence of deformed wing virus, chronic bee paralysis virus and mtdna variants in haplotype k of varroa destructor mites in syrian apiaries. | a small-scale survey was conducted on 64 beehives located in four governorates of syria in order to assess for the first time the presence of honeybee-infecting viruses and of varroa destructor mites in the country. rt-pcr assays conducted on 192 honeybees (apis mellifera l.) using virus-specific primers showed that deformed wing virus (dwv) was present in 49 (25.5%) of the tested samples and chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) in 2 (1.04%), whereas acute bee paralysis virus, sacbrood virus, blac ... | 2016 | 26914360 |
| prevalence of honeybee viruses in different regions of china and argentina. | honeybees are threatened by various pathogens and parasites. more than 18 viruses have been described in honeybees and many of them have been detected in china and argentina. in china, both apis cerana and apis mellifera are raised. in argentina, beekeepers raise different ecotypes of a. mellifera: european honeybees (in both temperate and subtropical regions) and africanised honeybees (in subtropical areas only). a thorough study was carried out in both china and argentina to analyse the curren ... | 2016 | 28332647 |
| virus infections of honeybees apis mellifera. | the health and vigour of honeybee colonies are threatened by numerous parasites (such as varroa destructor and nosema spp.) and pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa. among honeybee pathogens, viruses are one of the major threats to the health and well-being of honeybees and cause serious concern for researchers and beekeepers. to tone down the threats posed by these invasive organisms, a better understanding of bee viral infections will be of crucial importance in developing effectiv ... | 2015 | 27800411 |
| lower virus infections in varroa destructor-infested and uninfested brood and adult honey bees (apis mellifera) of a low mite population growth colony compared to a high mite population growth colony. | a comparison was made of the prevalence and relative quantification of deformed wing virus (dwv), israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv), black queen cell virus (bqcv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), acute bee paralysis virus (abpv) and sac brood virus (sbv) in brood and adult honey bees (apis mellifera) from colonies selected for high (hmp) and low (lmp) varroa destructor mite population growth. two viruses, abpv and sbv, were never detected. for adults without mite infestation, dwv, iapv, bqcv and kbv ... | 2015 | 25723540 |
| effect of oral infection with kashmir bee virus and israeli acute paralysis virus on bumblebee (bombus terrestris) reproductive success. | israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) together with acute bee paralysis virus (abpv) and kashmir bee virus (kbv) constitute a complex of closely related dicistroviruses. they are infamous for their high mortality after injection in honeybees. these viruses have also been reported in non-apis hymenopteran pollinators such as bumblebees, which got infected with iapv when placed in the same greenhouse with iapv infected honeybee hives. here we orally infected bombus terrestris workers with different ... | 2014 | 25004171 |
| analysis of the rdrp, intergenic and structural polyprotein regions, and the complete genome sequence of kashmir bee virus from infected honeybees (apis mellifera) in korea. | kashmir bee virus (kbv) is one of the most common viral infections in honeybees. in this study, a phylogenetic analysis was performed using nine partial nucleotide sequences of rdrp and the structural polyprotein regions of south korean kbv genotypes, as well as nine previously reported kbv genotypes from various countries and two closely related genotypes of israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) and acute bee paralysis virus (abpv). the korean kbv genotypes were highly conserved with 94-99 % sha ... | 2014 | 24824301 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of honey bee viruses, nosema microsporidia, protozoan parasites, and parasitic mites in china. | china has the largest number of managed honey bee colonies, which produce the highest quantity of honey and royal jelly in the world; however, the presence of honey bee pathogens and parasites has never been rigorously identified in chinese apiaries. we thus conducted a molecular survey of honey bee rna viruses, nosema microsporidia, protozoan parasites, and tracheal mites associated with nonnative apis mellifera ligustica and native apis cerana cerana colonies in china. we found the presence of ... | 2013 | 23467539 |
| patterns of viral infection in honey bee queens. | the well-being of a colony and replenishment of the workers depends on a healthy queen. diseases in queens are seldom reported, and our knowledge on viral infection in queens is limited. in this study, 86 honey bee queens were collected from beekeepers in denmark. all queens were tested separately by two real-time pcrs: one for the presence of deformed wing virus (dwv), and one that would detect sequences of acute bee-paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and israeli acute paralysis virus (aki comp ... | 2013 | 23223622 |
| prevalence and distribution of six bee viruses in korean apis cerana populations. | the prevalence and distribution of six bee viruses was investigated in 527 apis cerana samples which were collected from five provinces in south korea. the most prevalent virus, black queen cell virus (bqcv), was present in 75.11% of 446 adult bee samples, followed by sacbrood virus (sbv) in 30.71%. deformed wing virus (dwv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) were present at lower levels of 8.07%, 1.56%, and 0.44%, respectively. the most prevalent virus in 81 larvae ... | 2012 | 22273697 |
| no evidence of enemy release in pathogen and microbial communities of common wasps (vespula vulgaris) in their native and introduced range. | when invasive species move to new environments they typically experience population bottlenecks that limit the probability that pathogens and parasites are also moved. the invasive species may thus be released from biotic interactions that can be a major source of density-dependent mortality, referred to as enemy release. we examined for evidence of enemy release in populations of the common wasp (vespula vulgaris), which attains high densities and represents a major threat to biodiversity in it ... | 2015 | 25798856 |
| effects of wintering environment and parasite-pathogen interactions on honey bee colony loss in north temperate regions. | extreme winter losses of honey bee colonies are a major threat to beekeeping but the combinations of factors underlying colony loss remain debatable. we monitored colonies in two environments (colonies wintered indoors or outdoors) and characterized the effects of two parasitic mites, seven viruses, and nosema on honey bee colony mortality and population loss over winter. samples were collected from two locations within hives in fall, mid-winter and spring of 2009/2010. although fall parasite an ... | 2016 | 27448049 |
| in vivo and in vitro infection dynamics of honey bee viruses. | the honey bee (apis mellifera) is commonly infected by multiple viruses. we developed an experimental system for the study of such mixed viral infections in newly emerged honey bees and in the cell line ame-711, derived from honey bee embryos. when inoculating a mixture of iflavirids [sacbrood bee virus (sbv), deformed wing virus (dwv)] and dicistrovirids [israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv), black queen cell virus (bqcv)] in both live bee and cell culture assays, iapv replicated to higher leve ... | 2016 | 26923109 |
| on the front line: quantitative virus dynamics in honeybee (apis mellifera l.) colonies along a new expansion front of the parasite varroa destructor. | over the past fifty years, annual honeybee (apis mellifera) colony losses have been steadily increasing worldwide. these losses have occurred in parallel with the global spread of the honeybee parasite varroa destructor. indeed, varroa mite infestations are considered to be a key explanatory factor for the widespread increase in annual honeybee colony mortality. the host-parasite relationship between honeybees and varroa is complicated by the mite's close association with a range of honeybee vir ... | 2014 | 25144447 |
| honey bee apis mellifera parasites in the absence of nosema ceranae fungi and varroa destructor mites. | few areas of the world have western honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies that are free of invasive parasites nosema ceranae (fungi) and varroa destructor (mites). particularly detrimental is v. destructor; in addition to feeding on host haemolymph, these mites are important vectors of several viruses that are further implicated as contributors to honey bee mortality around the world. thus, the biogeography and attendant consequences of viral communities in the absence of v. destructor are of sign ... | 2014 | 24955834 |
| cross-species transmission of honey bee viruses in associated arthropods. | there are a number of rna virus pathogens that represent a serious threat to the health of managed honey bees (apis mellifera). that some of these viruses are also found in the broader pollinator community suggests the wider environmental spread of these viruses, with the potential for a broader impact on ecosystems. studies on the ecology and evolution of these viruses in the arthropod community as a whole may therefore provide important insights into these potential impacts. we examined manage ... | 2013 | 23845302 |
| low prevalence of honeybee viruses in spain during 2006 and 2007. | rna viruses that affect honeybees have been involved in colony losses reported around the world. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of honeybee viruses during 2006-2007 in spanish professional apiaries, and their association with colony losses. four hundred and fifty-six samples from apiaries located in different geographic regions of spain were analyzed. thirty-seven percent of the samples had viral presence. most (80%) had one virus and 20% two differen ... | 2012 | 22513127 |
| identification of kashmir bee virus in france using a new rt-pcr method which distinguishes closely related viruses. | a new rt-pcr protocol has been developed, avoiding potential misdiagnosis of kashmir bee virus (kbv) linked to the use of kbv primers designed originally. the pcr assay validation was realised taking into account the analytical specificity and the pcr detection limit. kbv was detected in a bee sample collected in france from an apparently healthy apiary in 2012. the specificity of the primers was confirmed by sequencing the pcr product. this french sequence clustered into the kbv genotype by phy ... | 2014 | 24389125 |
| risk factors for the presence of deformed wing virus and acute bee paralysis virus under temperate and subtropical climate in argentinian bee colonies. | beekeepers all across the world are suffering important losses of their colonies, and the parasitic mites varroa destructor and nosema sp, as well as several bee viruses, are being pointed out as the possible causes of these losses, generally associated with environmental and management factors. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of seven virus species (deformed wing virus -dwv-, acute bee paralysis virus -abpv-, chronic bee paralysis virus -cbpv-, black queen cell v ... | 2017 | 28460743 |
| the first comprehensive molecular detection of six honey bee viruses in iran in 2015-2016. | at least 18 viruses have been reported in the honey bee (apis mellifera l.). however, severe diseases in honey bees are mainly caused by six viruses, and these are the most important in beekeeping. these viruses include: deformed wing virus (dwv), acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv), sacbrood virus (sbv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and black queen cell virus (bqcv). in this study, we evaluated 89 iranian honey bee apiaries (during the period 2015-2016) suffering fr ... | 2017 | 28429131 |
| viruses of managed alfalfa leafcutting bees (megachille rotundata fabricus) and honey bees (apis mellifera l.) in western canada: incidence, impacts, and prospects of cross-species viral transmission. | we examined whether alfalfa leafcutting bees (alcb, megachille rotundata) experienced a higher incidence of seven viruses commonly found honey bees (apis mellifera) when placed alongside honey bees for hybrid canola seed pollination. although two viruses - sacbrood virus (sbv) and deformed wing virus (dwv) - were detected in alcb adults, their presence appeared independent of whether honey bees were present in the same field or not. a further survey of viruses among alcb adults in three differen ... | 2017 | 28400199 |
| single-stranded rna viruses infecting the invasive argentine ant, linepithema humile. | social insects host a diversity of viruses. we examined new zealand populations of the globally widely distributed invasive argentine ant (linepithema humile) for rna viruses. we used metatranscriptomic analysis, which identified six potential novel viruses in the dicistroviridae family. of these, three contigs were confirmed by sanger sequencing as linepithema humile virus-1 (lhuv-1), a novel strain of kashmir bee virus (kbv) and black queen cell virus (bqcv), while the others were chimeric or ... | 2017 | 28607437 |