| comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (felidae), dogs (canidae), bears (ursidae) and hyaenas (hyaenidae). | the structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the felidae, canidae, ursidae and hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. the felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (felis catus), 2 snow leopard neonates (uncia uncia), an ocelot neonate (leopardus pardalis), 2 lion neonates (panthera leo), a panther neonate (panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a neonate. the canidae were represented by ... | 1995 | 7649822 |
| splenomegaly in school children in a remote tribal area of dhole district, maharashtra. | sickle-cell gene is known to protect against p. falciparum infection and provides a selective survival advantage in those areas where p. falciparum infection is endemic. this protection is not absolute and many other factors, inherited and acquired also contribute to the immunity against p. falciparum infection. we investigated incidence of splenomegaly and typical history of malaria in the past two years in apparently healthy school children in a tribal area in dhole district of maharashtra to ... | 2000 | 11820088 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing wild carnivores in phu khieo wildlife sanctuary, thailand. | ixodid ticks were collected and identified from 8 wild carnivore species in phu khieo wildlife sanctuary, northeastern thailand. six tick species belonging to 4 genera were recovered and identified from 132 individuals. these included amblyomma testudinarium (n = 36), haemaphysalis asiatica (n = 58), h. hystricis (n = 31), h. semermis (n = 3), rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (n = 3), and ixodes granulatus (n = 1). leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis) (n = 19) were infested with 4 tick species, ... | 2004 | 15270119 |
| infectious molecular clone of a recently transmitted pediatric human immunodeficiency virus clade c isolate from africa: evidence of intraclade recombination. | although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) clade c continues to dominate the pandemic, only two infectious clade c proviral dna clones have been described (n. mochizuki, n. otsuka, k. matsuo, t. shiino, a. kojima, t. kurata, k. sakai, n. yamamoto, s. isomura, t. n. dhole, y. takebe, m. matsuda, and m. tatsumi, aids res. hum. retrovir. 15:1321-1324, 1999; t. ndung'u, b. renjifo, and m. essex, j. virol. 75:4964-4972, 2001). we have generated an infectious molecular clone of a pediatric c ... | 2004 | 15564517 |
| sarcocystosis of chital-dhole: conditions for evolutionary stability of a predator parasite mutualism. | for parasites with a predator-prey life cycle, the completion of the life cycle often depends on consumption of parasitized prey by the predator. in the case of such parasite species the predator and the parasite have common interests and therefore a mutualistic relationship is possible. some evidence of a predator-parasite mutualism was reported from spotted deer or chital (axix axis) as a prey species, dhole or indian wild-dog (cuon alpinus) as the predator and a protozoan (sarcocystis axicuon ... | 2005 | 15723710 |
| phylogeography, genetic structure, and diversity in the dhole (cuon alpinus). | the asiatic wild dog or dhole was once very widely distributed across asia but now has a very fragmented range. in this first genetic study of this little-known species, we obtained information on genetic diversity, phylogeography, and social structure using both mitochondrial control region sequencing and microsatellite genotyping of noninvasive faecal samples from wild populations, as well as from museum and captive samples. a pattern largely consistent with isolation by distance across the as ... | 2005 | 15969714 |
| phylogenomics of the dog and fox family (canidae, carnivora) revealed by chromosome painting. | canid species (dogs and foxes) have highly rearranged karyotypes and thus represent a challenge for conventional comparative cytogenetic studies. among them, the domestic dog is one of the best-mapped species in mammals, constituting an ideal reference genome for comparative genomic study. here we report the results of genome-wide comparative mapping of dog chromosome-specific probes onto chromosomes of the dhole, fennec fox, and gray fox, as well as the mapping of red fox chromosome-specific pr ... | 2008 | 18293108 |
| a survey on the faunal diversity of savar upazila, dhaka, bangladesh. | a survey was conducted during january to december 2006 to assess the status of faunal diversity of savar upazila, dhaka, bangladesh. a total of 30 species of birds, 24 species of winter birds, 7 species of reptiles, 3 species of amphibians, 15 species of mammalians and 32 species of fishes were recorded. relative abundance of those species were determined. of the birds, house sparrow (passer domesticus) was abundant while blyth's kingfisher (alcedo hercules), rock eagle owl (bubo bengalensis), h ... | 2008 | 18817158 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of dhole cuon alpinus: phylogenetic analysis and dating evolutionary divergence within canidae. | the dhole (cuon alpinus) is the only existent species in the genus cuon (carnivora: canidae). in the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the dhole was sequenced. the total length is 16672 base pairs which is the shortest in canidae. sequence analysis revealed that most mitochondrial genomic functional regions were highly consistent among canid animals except the csb domain of the control region. the difference in length among the canidae mitochondrial genome sequences is mainly d ... | 2011 | 20859694 |
| on a dhole trail: examining ecological and anthropogenic correlates of dhole habitat occupancy in the western ghats of india. | although they play a critical role in shaping ecological communities, many threatened predator species are data-deficient. the dhole cuon alpinus is one such rare canid with a global population thought to be <2500 wild individuals. we assessed habitat occupancy patterns of dholes in the western ghats of karnataka, india, to understand ecological and anthropogenic determinants of their distribution and habitat-use. we conducted spatially replicated detection/non-detection surveys of dhole signs a ... | 2014 | 24893166 |
| patterns of livestock predation by carnivores: human-wildlife conflict in northwest yunnan, china. | alleviating human-carnivore conflict is central to large carnivore conservation and is often of economic importance, where people coexist with carnivores. in this article, we report on the patterns of predation and economic losses from wild carnivores preying on livestock in three villages of northern baima xueshan nature reserve, northwest yunnan during a 2-year period between january 2010 and december 2011. we analyzed claims from 149 households that 258 head of livestock were predated. wolves ... | 2013 | 24202281 |
| comparative molecular phylogeny and evolution of sex chromosome dna sequences in the family canidae (mammalia: carnivora). | to investigate the molecular phylogeny and evolution of the family canidae, nucleotide sequences of the zinc-finger-protein gene on the y chromosome (zfy, 924-1146 bp) and its homologous gene on the x chromosome (zfx, 834-839 bp) for twelve canid species were determined. the phylogenetic relationships among species reconstructed by the paternal zfy sequences closely agreed with those by mtdna and autosomal dna trees in previous reports, and strongly supported the phylogenetic affinity between th ... | 2012 | 22379982 |
| prey depletion as a threat to the world's large carnivores. | large terrestrial carnivores are an ecologically important, charismatic and highly endangered group of species. here, we assess the importance of prey depletion as a driver of large carnivore endangerment globally using lists of prey species for each large carnivore compiled from the literature. we consider spatial variation in prey endangerment, changes in endangerment over time and the causes of prey depletion, finding considerable evidence that loss of prey base is a major and wide-ranging th ... | 2016 | 27853599 |
| spatio-temporal interactions facilitate large carnivore sympatry across a resource gradient. | species within a guild vary their use of time, space and resources, thereby enabling sympatry. as intra-guild competition intensifies, such behavioural adaptations may become prominent. we assessed mechanisms of facilitating sympatry among dhole (cuon alpinus), leopard (panthera pardus) and tiger (panthera tigris) in tropical forests of india using camera-trap surveys. we examined population-level temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal segregation among them across four reserves representing a gr ... | 2017 | 28179511 |
| potential sources of high frequency and biphonic vocalization in the dhole (cuon alpinus). | biphonation, i.e. two independent fundamental frequencies in a call spectrum, is a prominent feature of vocal activity in dog-like canids. dog-like canids can produce a low (f0) and a high (g0) fundamental frequency simultaneously. in contrast, fox-like canids are only capable of producing the low fundamental frequency (f0). using a comparative anatomical approach for revealing macroscopic structures potentially responsible for canid biphonation, we investigated the vocal anatomy for 4 (1 male, ... | 2016 | 26730952 |
| comparison of the fecal microbiota of dholes high-throughput illumina sequencing of the v3-v4 region of the 16s rrna gene. | intestinal microbes are part of a complex ecosystem. they have a mutual relationship with the host and play an essential role in maintaining the host's health. to optimize the feeding strategies and improve the health status of the dhole, which is an endangered species, we analyzed the structure of fecal microbes in four captive dholes using high-throughput illumina sequencing targeting the v3-v4 region of the 16s rrna gene. the diversity indexes and rarefaction curves indicated high microbial d ... | 2016 | 26728019 |
| the late neopleistocene dhole (carnivora, canidae, cuon alpinus pallas, 1811) from the urals. | morphotypic and morphometric analyses of the m2 tooth found in the late pleistocene deposits of the ignatievskaya cave (southern urals) demonstrate that this tooth belongs to the dhole (cuon alpinus pallas, 1811). this is the first reliable evidence for the presence of the dhole in the urals. radiocarbon dating and associated theriofauna allow the tooth to be dated to the first half of the late neopleistocene or, more precisely, to marine isotope stages (miss) 3 and 4. | 2015 | 26530068 |
| first report on the bacterial diversity in the distal gut of dholes (cuon alpinus) by using 16s rrna gene sequences analysis. | the aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial community in the distal gut of dholes (cuon alpinus) based on the analysis of bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences. fecal samples were collected from five healthy unrelated dholes captured from qilian mountain in gansu province of china. the diversity of the fecal bacteria community was investigated by constructing a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified 16s rrna gene clone library. bacterial 16s rrna gene was amplified by using universal b ... | 2016 | 26423781 |
| behavioral responses to mammalian blood odor and a blood odor component in four species of large carnivores. | only little is known about whether single volatile compounds are as efficient in eliciting behavioral responses in animals as the whole complex mixture of a behaviorally relevant odor. recent studies analysing the composition of volatiles in mammalian blood, an important prey-associated odor stimulus for predators, found the odorant trans-4,5-epoxy-(e)-2-decenal to evoke a typical "metallic, blood-like" odor quality in humans. we therefore assessed the behavior of captive asian wild dogs (cuon a ... | 2014 | 25383706 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of cuon alpinus lepturus. | the complete mitochondrial genome of a female chinese dhole (cuon alpinus lepturus) was sequenced for the first time. it contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes and 1 control region. | 2015 | 24397760 |
| lymphocytic leukemia in a captive dhole (cuon alpinus). | a captive 3-yr-old male dhole (cuon alpinus) was presented for poor body condition. pancytopenia concurrent with bone marrow aspiration that revealed severe medullary infiltration by a population of initially small lymphocytes was diagnostic of an aleukemic chronic lymphocytic leukemia. chemotherapy was initiated, but euthanasia was elected after the animal's rapid deteriorating condition and sudden lymphoid organs hypertrophy several days after initial presentation. histology revealed lymphoid ... | 2013 | 23505730 |
| a pathological late pleistocene canid from san sidero (italy): implications for social- and feeding-behaviour. | evidence of diseases on vertebrate fossil bones can provide detailed information on many aspects of extinct animals. this study focused on pathological craniodental remains (left maxilla and dentary) referred to the canid cuon alpinus unearthed from a late pleistocene karst filling deposit at san sidero (apulia, southern italy). these fossils show clear evidence of a chronic periodontitis that caused the animal's death. clinical diagnosis of the disease and the timing of its development have bee ... | 2013 | 23371350 |
| the repertoire of bitter taste receptor genes in canids. | bitter taste receptors (tas2rs) play important roles in mammalian defense mechanisms by helping animals detect and avoid toxins in food. although tas2r genes have been widely studied in several mammals, minimal research has been performed in canids. to analyze the genetic basis of tas2r genes in canids, we first identified tas2r genes in the wolf, maned wolf, red fox, corsac fox, tibetan fox, fennec fox, dhole and african hunting dog. a total of 183 tas2r genes, consisting of 118 intact genes, 6 ... | 2017 | 28417226 |
| non-invasive endocrine monitoring indicates seasonal variations in gonadal hormone metabolites in dholes (cuon alpinus). | to date, there is no information on reproductive endocrinology of dholes (cuon alpinus). the objectives of the present study were as follows: (i) to characterize longitudinal profiles of gonadal steroids; and (ii) to examine the relationship between gonadal hormones and sexual behaviours in dholes. three breeding pairs and two bachelor males were included in the study. among these, four animals (2 males and 2 females; 4 years old) were imported from the netherlands to thailand 3 months before th ... | 2017 | 28852505 |
| how do jet time, pressure and bone volume fraction influence the drilling depth when waterjet drilling in porcine bone? | using water jets for orthopedic procedures that require bone drilling can be beneficial due to the absence of thermal damage and the always sharp cut. previously, the influence of the water jet diameter and bone architectural properties on the drilling depth have been determined. to develop water jet instruments that can safely drill in orthopedic surgery, the impact of the two remaining primary factors were determined: the jet time (tjet [s]) and pressure (p [mpa]). to this end, 84 holes were d ... | 2016 | 27288662 |
| an annotated list of the species of gangesia woodland, 1924 (cestoda: proteocephalidea), parasites of catfishes in asia, with new synonyms and a key to their identification. | an annotated list of tapeworms of the genus gangesia woodland, 1924 (cestoda: proteocephalidea), parasites of siluriform fishes in asia, is provided. based on the morphological examination of museum specimens and newly collected material from china, japan and russia, as well as the results of a previous revision of the indomalayan species, only eight of more than 50 nominal taxa are considered to be valid. these are: from india and neighbouring countries, gangesia bengalensis (southwell, 1913) ( ... | 2015 | 25862030 |
| waterjet drilling in porcine bone: the effect of the nozzle diameter and bone architecture on the hole dimensions. | using waterjets instead of rigid drill bits for bone drilling can be beneficial due to the absence of thermal damage and a consequent sharp cut. additionally, waterjet technology allows the development of flexible instruments that facilitate maneuvering through complex joint spaces. controlling the drilling depth is of utmost importance to ensure clinical safety, but is challenging given the local variations in structural properties of the bone. the goal of this study was to deduce a descriptive ... | 2013 | 23910955 |
| interspecific gene flow shaped the evolution of the genus canis. | the evolutionary history of the wolf-like canids of the genus canis has been heavily debated, especially regarding the number of distinct species and their relationships at the population and species level [1-6]. we assembled a dataset of 48 resequenced genomes spanning all members of the genus canis except the black-backed and side-striped jackals, encompassing the global diversity of seven extant canid lineages. this includes eight new genomes, including the first resequenced ethiopian wolf (c ... | 2018 | 30344120 |
| examining human-carnivore interactions using a socio-ecological framework: sympatric wild canids in india as a case study. | many carnivores inhabit human-dominated landscapes outside protected reserves. spatially explicit assessments of carnivore distributions and livestock depredation patterns in human-use landscapes are crucial for minimizing negative interactions and fostering coexistence between people and predators. india harbours 23% of the world's carnivore species that share space with 1.3 billion people in approximately 2.3% of the global land area. we examined carnivore distributions and human-carnivore int ... | 2019 | 31218031 |
| every dog has its prey: range-wide assessment of links between diet patterns, livestock depredation and human interactions for an endangered carnivore. | livestock depredation is the most ubiquitous type of negative interaction between humans and carnivores. we conducted a range-wide assessment linking diet patterns of the endangered dhole cuon alpinus, with livestock consumption and human-dhole interactions. we first performed a reanalysis of dhole diet data from all published studies (1973-2013) incorporating a recently-developed non-linear correction factor for quantifying prey biomass consumed. we then determined the relative livestock number ... | 2020 | 31986391 |
| retreat of large carnivores across the giant panda distribution range. | as both a flagship and umbrella species, the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most heavily invested species in conservation. here, we report the wide distribution range retreat of the leopard (panthera pardus, 81% loss), snow leopard (p. uncia, 38%), wolf (canis lupus, 77%) and dhole (cuon alpinus, 95%) from protected areas in the giant panda distribution range since the 1960s. the present findings indicate the insufficiency of giant panda conservation for protecting these larg ... | 2020 | 32747773 |
| genomic approaches reveal an endemic subpopulation of gray wolves in southern china. | although gray wolves (canis lupus) are one of the most widely distributed terrestrial mammals, their origins in china are not well understood. we sequenced six specimens from wolf skins, showing that gray wolves from southern china (sc) derive from a single lineage, distinct from gray wolves from the tibetan plateau and northern china, suggesting that sc gray wolves may form a distinct subpopulation. of sc gray wolves, one wolf from zhejiang carries a genetic component from a canid and had gene ... | 2019 | 31563851 |
| idog: an integrated resource for domestic dogs and wild canids. | the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris) is indisputably one of man's best friends. it is also a fundamental model for many heritable human diseases. here, we present idog (http://bigd.big.ac.cn/idog), the first integrated resource dedicated to domestic dogs and wild canids. it incorporates a variety of omics data, including genome sequences assemblies for dhole and wolf, genomic variations extracted from hundreds of dog/wolf whole genomes, phenotype/disease traits curated from dog research com ... | 2019 | 30371881 |
| chemical immobilisation of dhole (cuon alpinus), indian jackal (canis aureus indicus) and indian wolf (canis lupus pallipes) with ketamine hydrochloride-xylazine hydrochloride. | maintaining wild animals in captivity often requires chemical immobilisation to achieve various diagnostic, surgical and management interventions. four dholes, two indian grey wolves and four indian jackals were immobilised using ketamine-xylazine combination for either medical or management interventions. based on the estimated body weight, canids were darted upon with 6-8 mg kg-1 ketamine and 0.7-1.14 mg kg-1 xylazine. initial signs of drug effect included decreased mentation and progressive a ... | 2016 | 29067197 |
| the effects of prey depletion on dietary niches of sympatric apex predators in southeast asia. | resource depletion exerts opposing pressures on co-occurring consumers to expand diets while limiting overlap with competitors. using foraging theory as a framework, we tested the effects of prey availability on diet specialization and overlap among competing asian predators: dhole, leopard, and tiger. we used scat analysis from a prey-poor site, combined with a quantitative synthesis of 40 other diet studies, to determine biomass of different prey types consumed by each predator. we then assess ... | 2020 | 32627329 |
| empowering conservation practice with efficient and economical genotyping from poor quality samples. | moderate- to high-density genotyping (100 + snps) is widely used to determine and measure individual identity, relatedness, fitness, population structure and migration in wild populations.however, these important tools are difficult to apply when high-quality genetic material is unavailable. most genomic tools are developed for high-quality dna sources from laboratory or medical settings. as a result, most genetic data from market or field settings is limited to easily amplified mitochondrial dn ... | 2019 | 31511786 |
| standardization and validation of a panel of cross-species microsatellites to individually identify the asiatic wild dog (cuon alpinus). | the asiatic wild dog or dhole (cuon alpinus) is a highly elusive, monophyletic, forest dwelling, social canid distributed across south and southeast asia. severe pressures from habitat loss, prey depletion, disease, human persecution and interspecific competition resulted in global population decline in dholes. despite a declining population trend, detailed information on population size, ecology, demography and genetics is lacking. generating reliable information at landscape level for dholes i ... | 2019 | 31534835 |
| noninvasive dna-based species and sex identification of asiatic wild dog (cuon alpinus). | asiatic wild dog (cuon alpinus) or dhole is an endangered canid with fragmented distribution in south, east and southeast asia. the remaining populations of this species face severe conservation challenges from anthropogenic interventions, but only limited information is available at population and demography levels. here, we describe the novel molecular approaches for unambiguous species and sex identification from noninvasively collected dhole samples. we successfully tested these assays on 13 ... | 2018 | 30555094 |
| insights from distribution dynamics inform strategies to conserve a dhole cuon alpinus metapopulation in india. | most large carnivore populations currently occur in heterogeneous landscapes, with source populations embedded in a matrix of human-dominated habitats. understanding changes in distribution of endangered carnivores is critical for prioritizing and implementing conservation strategies. we examined distribution and dynamics of a dhole cuon alpinus metapopulation, first in 2007 and subsequently in 2015, based on indirect sign surveys across 37, 000sq. km of india's western ghats. predicted dhole oc ... | 2019 | 30816170 |