| [new faunal and biological observations on ticks in abruzzo]. | ticks collected during the years 1975-76 in abruzzo (prov. l'aquila and chieti) italy are reported. the following species have been identified: ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis sulcata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus sanguineus, hyalomma marginatum. new hosts are: felis catus for ixodes canisuga; scolopax rusticola, motacilla flava, corvus cornix for ixodes frontalis; sciurus vulgaris for haemaphysalis punctata; garrul ... | 1976 | 1032325 |
| [studies on the retention of r. burneti in rh. bursa and h. detritum ticks]. | the role played by ixodes ticks in the epizootiology and epidemiology of q fever was studied by following up the transphasal and transovarial passing of rickettsia burnetii in ticks of the rhipicephalus bursa and hyalomma detritum species. use was made of the 269th passage of the rickettsial strain bp, isolated in this country from sheep. the infection was followed up from larva ist generation to larva iind generation of the two ticks. in 10 out of the eleven samples of ticks studied there were ... | 1975 | 1240691 |
| new records for rhipicephalus bursa, boophilus microplus, b.decoloratus and hypoderma lineatum from libya. | | 1991 | 1768917 |
| notes on the biology of the tick rhipicephalus bursa (canestrini and fanzago, 1877) in israel. | the seasonal distribution of the tick rhipicephalus bursa in sheep has been studied during one year in two neighbouring flocks of awassi sheep in an enzootic focus of sheep babesiosis. rates of tick infestation on the two flocks were very different. pre-imaginal stages were found on the sheep during the winter months of november-march while adult ticks appeared in the middle of april and persisted until the end of july. first clinical cases of babesiosis in sheep were diagnosed 2 weeks after fin ... | 1989 | 2626579 |
| quantitative description of the development of babesia ovis in rhipicephalus bursa (hemolymph, ovary, eggs). | the development and infection dynamics of babesia ovis in the hemolymph, ovaries, and eggs of rhipicephalus bursa are described quantitatively, based mainly on examination of giemsa-stained smears. after alimentary infection of female ticks, their hemolymph became infected 5 days after repletion (p.repl.). the prevalence and mean intensity of infection increased during the course of infection studied, up to 17 days p.repl. after vertical infection of female ticks, their hemolymph was infected on ... | 1988 | 3387406 |
| [studies on ticks (acarina, ixodidae), parasites of cattle in west algeria. i. systematic survey and seasonal activity]. | tick samples (acarina, ixodidae) were collected for two years on bovidae from the whole oran area which were brought weekly at the oran open market (algeria). the 5,500 ticks thus obtained could be divided into six genera and twelve species. from the phenological analysis the following were defined: three spring species (rhipicephalus bursa, rh. turanicus and rh. sanguineus), three summer species (hyalomma detritum, h. impeltatum and boophilus annulatus), three winter species (ixodes ricinus, ha ... | 1986 | 3813419 |
| the geographical distribution and animal hosts of rhipicephalus bursa (canestrini and fanzago, 1877) in israel. | | 1985 | 3842178 |
| [the effect of gamma rays on the eggs of rhipicephalus bursa]. | | 1974 | 4472446 |
| characterization of thogoto virus isolated from ticks (rhipicephalus bursa) in western sicily, italy. | | 1974 | 4473911 |
| isolation of thogoto virus from rhipicephalus bursa ticks in western sicily. | | 1972 | 4680821 |
| [ultrastructural aspects of egg formation in rhipicephalus bursa]. | | 1970 | 4988718 |
| [fine structure of babesia ovis (piroplasmidea) in rhipicephalus bursa (ixodoidea): transformation from spheroid to vermicule form]. | | 1968 | 4988934 |
| [microscopic studies on the development of babesia ovis (piroplasmidea) in rhipicephalus bursa (ixoidea). i. the development in female ticks following repletion]. | | 1969 | 4988937 |
| [light microscopy studies on the development of babesia ovis (piroplasmidea) in rhipicephalus bursa (ixodoidea). ii. cytochemical studies of differentiated merozoites in the salivrry glands of female ticks]. | | 1971 | 4994823 |
| [effect of phosphamide, carbophos, and chlorophos on the nymph, rhipicephalus bursa]. | | 1971 | 5168739 |
| electron microscopic study on the development of babesia ovis (piroplasmia) in the salivary glands of the vector tick rhipicephalus bursa. | the formation of babesia ovis sporozoites in salivary gland cells of the vector tick rhipicephalus bursa was studied by electron microscopy. the kinetics of b. ovis were found lying intracellularly on the second day after infestation (a.i.) of the ticks. the parasites enlarged rapidly losing all features of the motile form. invaginations of the cell membrane initiated a fragmentation of this developmental stage. on the third day a.i the parasite (measuring 40 x 25 microns) was divided into numer ... | 1982 | 6122360 |
| ultrastructural demonstration of succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activity in sporozoites of babesia ovis and theileria annulata (apicomplexa: piroplasmea) in salivary glands of tick vectors (rhipicephalus bursa, hyalomma anatolicum excavatum). | salivary gland stages ("sporozoites") of babesia ovis and theileria annulata (apicomplexa: piroplasmea) in female ixodid ticks were studied for ultracytochemical activity of the respiratory enzymes, succinic dehydrogenase (sdh), and cytochrome oxidase. both sdh and cytochrome oxidase were demonstrated in the sporozoites and the mitochondria in these stages. identified in this way the final reaction product of sdh was located mainly at the inner side of the mitochondrial boundary, though it was a ... | 1980 | 6260921 |
| theileria annulata and babesia ovis: ultracytochemical lactic dehydrogenase activity of sporozoites in salivary glands of female ticks, hyalomma anatolicum excavatum and rhipicephalus bursa. | | 1982 | 6806115 |
| ultrastructural study of the development of babesia ovis (piroplasmia) in the ovary of the vector tick rhipicephalus bursa. | the reproduction of babesia ovis inside the ovary of the vector tick rhipicephalus bursa was studied by electron microscopy. the kinetics of b. ovis invade the ovary of the tick via hemolymph. the kinete, when situated intracellularly, is transformed into a polymorphous stage that loses all features of the invasive form. the nucleus elongates enormously and forms many folds which extend throughout the cell. subsequently, the lobulated nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided into numerous uninuclea ... | 1982 | 7086711 |
| [ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the pellicle and apical complexes of the kinete of babesia bigemina and babesia ovis in the hemolymph and oavry of the tick]. | the term kinete is used in this paper for the cigar-shaped, motile development stages (vermicule") of babesia occurring intra- and extracellularly in hemolymph and overy (including oocytes) of vectors, hard ticks (ixodoidea). the structure of, and cytochemical activities of hydrolases (acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase) in the pellicle and the apical complex was studied at the fine-structural level in kinetes of babesia bigemina smith & kilborne, in hemolympho of female boophilus microplus ... | 1980 | 7373571 |
| seasonal activity of ixodid ticks on goats in northern greece. | ixodid ticks were collected at monthly intervals for 20 consecutive months from 25 goats of the local breed selected at random from a flock grazing permanently around a village in northern greece. three species of ixodid ticks were recovered, ixodes gibbosus, rhipicephalus bursa and dermacentor marginatus. i gibbosus was the most abundant and prevalent species. it was found on the animals from october to april, and its activity increased with lower mean temperatures and higher relative humiditie ... | 1995 | 7571251 |
| [temporal distribution of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) in "macchia grande" park in manziana in the province of rome]. | temporal distribution of tick species was studied in the woodland "macchia grande" of manziana in the province of rome, italy. a total of 2,494 ticks was collected by means of drag sampling during one year of survey (1993). among the species identified, ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758) (95.9%) was the most abundant, followed by haemaphysalis inermis (birula, 1895) (2.2%), rhipicephalus bursa (canestrini e fanzago, 1877) (1.8%), dermacentor marginatus sulzer, 1776) (0.1%). i. ricinus was present d ... | 1994 | 7638000 |
| antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay: a comparison with other methods for the detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks. | to evaluate the prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae along the adriatic coast of croatia, 832 ticks were examined by hemolymph test, direct immunofluorescence, antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction. very good agreement was observed among direct immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, and antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay. twelve ticks that were positive by hemolymph test and negative by both direct immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction pres ... | 1994 | 8147495 |
| [distribution of ixodes ricinus ticks in yugoslavia]. | in this paper the authors present distribution of tick ixodes ricinus in both republics of yugoslavia--serbia and montenegro. the ticks were collected from domestic animals and humans sporadically. the determination showed following species: ixodes ricinus, i. persulcatus, i. hexagonus, dermacentor marginatus, d. pictus, rhipicephalus bursa, r. sanguineus, haemaphysalis punctata, h. inermis, h. sulcata, h. leporis-palustriis, h. concinna, boophilus (margaporus) calcaratus, hyalomma savignyi, h. ... | 1993 | 8262430 |
| the daily distribution and circadian rhythm of detachment of engorged rhipicephalus bursa ticks from lambs and rabbits. | | 1995 | 8541602 |
| the seasonal occurrence of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on sheep and in the field in the judean area of israel. | a 2 year survey of ixodid ticks in the judean area of israel between 1983 and 1985 showed that sheep were parasitized by the following species: rhipicephalus sanguineus group (30.6%), rhipicephalus bursa (25.3%), haemaphysalis cretica (20.5%), haemaphysalis otophila (20.1%) and hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (3.1%). three other species, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, boophilus annulatus and amblyomma lepidum were also present but in very low numbers. a total of 50,816 specimens (78.1% adult ticks) ... | 1996 | 8746133 |
| a study of an enzootic focus of sheep babesiosis (babesia ovis, babes, 1892). | morbidity and mortality due to babesia ovis in sheep flocks grazing in an enzootic area of israel occur yearly, about 2 weeks after detection of adult rhipicephalus bursa ticks on the animals. disease incidence peaks in may, but lasts throughout the active period of the adult ticks in the spring-summer months of april-july. no clinical cases of babesiosis have been registered during the active period of the preimaginal stages of r. bursa, from october to february. incidence of parasitaemia durin ... | 1995 | 8747918 |
| ticks of domestic animals in the macedonia region of greece. | a study was carried out on ticks of domestic animals in the macedonia region of greece. during 1983-1986, 11,620 tick specimens, belonging to 18 species and subspecies, were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and dogs, in 64 localities throughout macedonia. rhipicephalus bursa, the most common tick, and hyalomma marginatum marginatum occurred in all bioclimatic zones, as well as the two one-host ticks, boophilus annulatus and h. detritum scupense, which were present in fewer localities. r. tura ... | 1996 | 8792578 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from catalan rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. | eighty-nine rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and 21 rhipicephalus bursa ticks collected in catalonia were tested by the hemolymph test to establish their infection rate with spotted fever group rickettsiae. by giménez staining, 11.2% of the r. sanguineus isolates and 0% of the r. bursa isolates were found to contain rickettsia-like organisms. six spotted fever group rickettsial strains (bar29, bar31, gir4, tar1, tar2, and tar3) were isolated from these ticks and were characterized by phenotypic an ... | 1996 | 8897166 |
| tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats caused by babesia, theileria or anaplasma spp. | a review is given on the babesia, theileria, and anaplasma species infecting sheep and goats. b. ovis is the most important disease agent. it is transmitted by rhipicephalus bursa, r. turanicus, hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, and probably by r. evertsi evertsi b. ovis is widely spread in southern europe, the middle east, and central asia. its geographical distribution in south and east asia and in africa is widely unknown. b. motasi obviously represents several nosodemes in separate regions. it ... | 1997 | 9530692 |
| some epizootiological and clinical aspects of ovine babesiosis caused by babesia ovis--a review. | the study shows a close relationship between incidence of ovine babesiosis caused by babesia ovis and the activity period and distribution area of the vector tick rhipicephalus bursa. the most important factor limiting the distribution of this tick is a decrease in humidity. in general, it is absent from areas with an average annual rainfall of less than about 300 mm. the rate of parasitaemia and the degree of anaemia were not correlated. decrease of the packed-cell volume ranged from 30 to 40%. ... | 1998 | 9561703 |
| mitochondrial 16s rdna sequences and phylogenetic relationships of species of rhipicephalus and other tick genera among metastriata (acari: ixodidae). | the mitochondrial 16s rrna gene sequences of the following eight european metastriata tick species were obtained by direct polymerase-chain-reaction cycle sequencing and silver-staining methods: rhipicephalus bursa, r. pusillus, r. sanguineus, r. turanicus, boophilus annulatus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis punctata, and hyalomma lusitanicum. this mitochondrial gene seems to be a good marker for the establishment of genetic relationships among closely related tick species, but it does no ... | 1998 | 9660138 |
| bovine babesiosis. seroprevalence and ticks associated with cattle from two different regions of morocco. | a total of 475 bovine sera collected in 1995-1996 from 10 areas belonging to two different bioclimatic strata were tested for antibody activity to babesia bigemina and babesia bovis using indirect immunofluorescence (iif). in the gharb, the b. bovis seroprevalence was 21.7% and for b. bigemina, 10.8%. the infection rate for either or both species as determined microscopically with giemsa-stained blood films was 18.9%. the tiflet area was considered an endemic focus, and the seroprevalence was 42 ... | 1998 | 9668467 |
| clinical, clinico-pathological and serological studies of babesia ovis in experimentally infected sheep. | clinical, clinico-pathological and serological studies were performed in sheep experimentally infected with babesia ovis. acute babesiosis occurred in all the lambs infested with adult rhipicephalus bursa ticks and in one lamb infested with the larvae. the rate of parasitaemia and the degree of anaemia were not correlated. decrease in the packed-cell volume ranged from 30 to 40%. parasitized erythrocytes were not observed to block capillaries in the brain, which explained the absence of nervous ... | 1998 | 9780825 |
| seroprevalence of babesia ovis in sheep in catalonia, northeastern spain. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was developed in order to detect antibodies against babesia ovis in different sheep flocks from catalonia, northeastern spain. of the total 2174 sera included in the study, 133 (6.1%) were positive. considerable differences in seroprevalence were detected depending on the geographical areas from which the animals originated. this must have been a consequence of the presence or absence of the vector tick, rhipicephalus bursa, the distribution of which ... | 1998 | 9831951 |
| human mxa protein protects mice lacking a functional alpha/beta interferon system against la crosse virus and other lethal viral infections. | the human mxa protein is part of the antiviral state induced by alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta). mxa inhibits the multiplication of several rna viruses in cell culture. however, its antiviral potential in vivo has not yet been fully explored. we have generated mxa-transgenic mice that lack a functional ifn system by crossing mxa-transgenic mice constitutively expressing mxa with genetically targeted (knockout) mice lacking the beta subunit of the ifn-alpha/beta receptor (ifnar-1(-/-) mice ... | 1999 | 10400797 |
| interaction between ticks (acari: ixodidae) and pathogenic nematodes (nematoda): susceptibility of tick species at various developmental stages. | the virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) to tick species under laboratory conditions is reported. the susceptibility of larval, nymphal, and adult stages of the ticks hyalomma excavatum (koch), rhipicephalus bursa (canestrini & fanz), and r. sanguineus (latereille) to 2 strains of steinernema carpocapsae and 3 strains of heterorhabditis bacteriophora were compared in laboratory assays. preimaginal stages of ticks were found to be more resistant to the ... | 1999 | 10593074 |
| the life cycle of rhipicephalus bursa canestrini and fanzago, 1877 (acarina: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. | the biology of rhipicephalus bursa has not been thoroughly studied. in the present study r. bursa was bred in the laboratory and its biology worked out.larvae, nymphs and adult rhipicephalus bursa ticks were fed on sheep and were held at 28+/-1 degrees c and 89+/-1% relative humidity (rh) in a darkened incubator. the average weight of engorged females was 0.676g (range 0.353-1.128). the average weight of eggs laid by females was 0.344g (range 0.146-0. 554g). the average number of eggs laid was 7 ... | 2000 | 10729650 |
| a monomeric gtpase-negative mxa mutant with antiviral activity. | mxa is a large, interferon-induced gtpase with antiviral activity against rna viruses. it forms large oligomers, but whether oligomerization and gtpase activity are important for antiviral function is not known. the mutant protein mxa(l612k) carries a lysine-for-leucine substitution at position 612 and fails to form oligomers. here we show that monomeric mxa(l612k) lacks detectable gtpase activity but is capable of inhibiting thogoto virus in transiently transfected vero cells or in a thogoto vi ... | 2000 | 10933733 |
| mortality rate of adult ticks due to infection by entomopathogenic nematodes. | the mortality of boophilus annulatus, hyalomma excavatum, rhipicephalus bursa, and rhipicephalus sanguineus adult ticks was recorded after their exposure in petri dishes to 5 entomopathogenic nematode strains. the strains used were dt and mexican of steinernema carpocapsae, hb hp88 of heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and is-3 and is-5 of heterorhabditis sp. the most rapid killing rates (lt50 and lt90) were observed for b. annulatus ticks (0.8-5.0 days). most unfed males died 0.3-2.8 days after the ... | 2000 | 10958439 |
| thogoto virus matrix protein is encoded by a spliced mrna. | thogoto virus (thov) is a tick-transmitted orthomyxovirus with a segmented, negative-stranded rna genome. in this study, we investigated the coding strategy of rna segment 6 and found that it contains 956 nucleotides and codes for the matrix (m) protein. the full-length cdna contains a single, long reading frame that lacks a stop codon but has coding capacity for a putative 35-kda protein. in contrast, the m protein of thov has an apparent molecular mass of 29 kda as assessed by polyacrylamide g ... | 2000 | 11044123 |
| distribution and ecology of ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting livestock in tunisia: an overview of eighth years field collections. | ticks (ixodidae) play a significant role as vectors of pathogens of domestic animals in tunisia. the major losses caused by ticks are related to transmission of protozoan parasites. these include agents of tropical theileriosis and babesiosis in ruminants. since 1991, we conducted research studies on tick population of livestock in tunisia. this overview reports a synthesis on tick distribution, their biology and their role as vectors of pathogens in domestic animals, particularly cattle. during ... | 1999 | 11071534 |
| general review of tick species present in portugal. | at present, 24 species are known to occur in portugal: argas vespertilionis, ornithodoros maritimus and ornithodoros erraticus in argasidae; ixodes acuminatus, ixodes bivari, ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes simplex simplex, ixodes ventalloi, ixodes vespertilionis, dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor pictus', haemaphysalis hispanica, haemaphysalis inermis, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus pusillus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhi ... | 1999 | 11071535 |
| tick species infesting ruminants in italy: ecological and bio-climatic factors affecting the different regional distribution. | the distribution of tick species able to infest ruminants in italy is briefly reviewed on the basis of published records and new data obtained in several surveys carried out mainly in northern italy. the most frequent and abundant tick species found on ruminants throughout italy are ixodes ricinus and dermacentor marginatus, the first gradually replacing its association with sheep by the association with wild ruminants. rhipicephalus bursa was mainly found on cattle while r. turanicus, which is ... | 1999 | 11071542 |
| epidemiology of mediterranean theileriosis in extremadura region, spain. | extremadura is an extensive region (41,000 km2) located in the southwest of spain, where animal husbandry is a very important economical resource. livestock parasitism of ticks is common in the region and it is favoured by the environmental conditions and management systems. mediterranean theileriosis (mt) is perhaps the most important tick-borne disease of cattle. although theileria annulata has been identified in extremadura since 1933, little epidemiological information is available. during t ... | 1999 | 11071543 |
| acarological studies in two protected areas of central italy. | in the present note are reported the results of preliminary studies on tick distribution in two wildlife areas of abruzzo (national park of abruzzo, a mountainous area, approximately 40,000 ha, in central apennines, interesting abruzzo, latium and molise regions) and latium (capocotta-castel porziano presidential reserve, on the tyrrhenian coast, 30 km from rome). sampling of ticks from domestic and wild mammals as well as from vegetation, was performed in three different areas of the national p ... | 1999 | 11071544 |
| tick-borne diseases in ruminants of central and southern italy: epidemiology and case reports. | sera and blood from cattle and sheep were examined for the presence of babesia and theileria spp by microscopy and serology at the parasitology department of the istituto zooprofilattico sperimentale of abruzzo and molise (izsam). of the 47 bovine herds (323 animals) tested, 15 were found positive for babesia bigemina and 1 for babesia bovis. two outbreaks occurred, one caused by b. bigemina and one by b. bovis. the b. bigemina outbreak occurred in abruzzo and has been followed for two years. th ... | 1999 | 11071553 |
| biocontrol of ticks by entomopathogenic nematodes. research update. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) are lethal to ticks even though they do not use their normal propagation cycle within tick cadavers. the tick boophilus annulatus was found to be far more susceptible to epns than hyalomma excavatum, rhipicephalus bursa, or rhipicephalus sanguineus. ticks seem to be less susceptible to nematodes when feeding on a host. preimaginal tick stages were less susceptible to nematodes than adult ticks. the mortality rate of unfed females was highest, followed by unfed m ... | 2000 | 11193678 |
| the effect of the ovine host parasitaemia on the development of babesia ovis (babes, 1892) in the tick rhipicephalus bursa (canestrini and fanzago, 1877). | batches of rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks were fed on two lambs with 10.0% (batch 1) and 0.3% (batch 2) babesia ovis parasitaemia, respectively. haemolymph and eggs were checked for parasites daily after detachment, before and after appearance of b. ovis in the lamb's blood.b. ovis kinetes were found in the haemolymph and eggs earlier in the engorged ticks detached before appearance of the parasite in the host blood. rates of haemolymph and egg infection with b. ovis as well as the percentage o ... | 2001 | 11240093 |
| rescue of recombinant thogoto virus from cloned cdna. | thogoto virus (thov) is a tick-transmitted orthomyxovirus with a genome consisting of six negative-stranded rna segments. to rescue a recombinant thov, the viral structural proteins were produced from expression plasmids by means of a vaccinia virus expressing the t7 rna polymerase. genomic virus rnas (vrnas) were generated from plasmids under the control of the rna polymerase i promoter. using this system, we could efficiently recover recombinant thov following transfection of 12 plasmids into ... | 2001 | 11533190 |
| epidemiology of bovine tick-borne diseases in southern italy. | this investigation was carried out in an area covering part of three southern italian regions: campania, basilicata and apulia. eighty-one farms were involved using the formula suggested by thrusfield; they were equally distributed over the area which was subdivided into 81 geo-referenced sub-areas. in may and june 1999 from a total of 506 cattle, older than 18 months, blood-samples were taken and ticks were collected and identified. serum samples were tested for antibodies of bahesia bigemina, ... | 2002 | 12199369 |
| a survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on dairy cattle on the island of menorca in spain. | a survey of ticks affecting dairy cattle under extensive management on menorca island (off the spanish mediterranean coast) was performed through 1999-2000 on seven farms. the species collected were rhipicephalus bursa, r. turanicus, hyalomma m. marginatum, h. lusitanicum and boophilus annulatus. the most abundant species were r. bursa and h. m. marginatum, with peaks of 10.7 (in summer) and 7.5 (in spring) ticks/cow, respectively. r. turanicus was scarcely encountered, while b. annulatus and h. ... | 2001 | 12455879 |
| first isolation and identification of rickettsia conorii from ticks collected in the region of fokida in central greece. | three different spotted-fever group rickettsiae-rickettsia conorii, r. massiliae, and r. rhipicephali-were detected and identified by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in rhipicephalus ticks collected from domestic animals in the fokida region of greece, where a high seroprevalence of antibodies to r. conorii was previously demonstrated. the infection rate of ticks was 1.6%. moreover, r. conorii was isolated from one rhipicephalus sanguineus tick. | 2003 | 12843081 |
| rickettsia aeschlimannii in spain: molecular evidence in hyalomma marginatum and five other tick species that feed on humans. | | 2003 | 12899141 |
| [spontaneous infection of ixodes ticks with salmonella]. | an epizootological study of the ticks gathered from the cattle and ground surface in the dedoplistskaroisky and dushetsky districts of eastern georgia has identified 5 salmonella a typhimurium strains. the strains were isolated from the ticks haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus bursa, hyalomma plumbeum. they were found to be resistant to 10 of 16 antibiotics. the strains showed a high sensitivity only to 3 antibiotics, such as gentamicin, cirpofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin and 3 strains were hi ... | 2003 | 14564841 |
| detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected in southern croatia. | a total of 197 ticks belonging to four species (haemaphysalis punctata, hyalomma marginatum, rhipicephalus bursa and dermacentor marginatus) collected in october 2000 from domestic animals in southern croatia were examined for the presence of rickettsiae by molecular techniques. specific sequences of the rickettsiae were detected in 25 (12.7%) of ticks tested. the prevalence of infection in d. marginatus and h. marginatum ticks was 36.8 and 64.7%, respectively. none of the ticks belonging to the ... | 2002 | 14570128 |
| anaplasma infection in free-ranging iberian red deer in the region of castilla-la mancha, spain. | organisms in the genus anaplasma are obligate intracellular pathogens that multiply in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. the type species, anaplasma marginale, causes bovine anaplasmosis and infects erythrocytes of the vertebrate host and undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks which serve as biological vectors. infected cattle, wild ruminants and ticks can all serve as reservoirs of a. marginale. in this study, hunter killed iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) from the r ... | 2004 | 15145495 |
| species composition, distribution, and ecological preferences of the ticks of grazing sheep in north-central spain. | the distribution and ecological preferences of tick (acari: ixodidae) parasites of grazing sheep in the region of aragón (north-central spain) were surveyed on flocks four times a year and mapped into a 5 x 5 km grid. nine tick species were found. these were species of the rhipicephalus sanguineus group (about 95% of them rhipicephalus turanicus pomerantsev, in 91% of cells of the grid), rhipicephalus bursa canestrini & fanzago (79% of cells), dermacentor marginatus (sulzer) (58% of cells), haem ... | 2004 | 15189237 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in bulgaria. | we report the epidemiologic characteristics of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in bulgaria, as well as the first genetic characterization of the virus strains circulating in the country in 2002 to 2003 that caused disease in humans. | 2004 | 15496250 |
| a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from the tick rhipicephalus bursa: isolation, cdna cloning, recombinant expression, and characterization. | a novel proteinaceous metallo-carboxypeptidase inhibitor, named tick carboxypeptidase inhibitor (tci), was isolated from the ixodid tick rhipicephalus bursa and n-terminally sequenced. the complete cdna encoding this protein was cloned from tick mrna by reverse transcription-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends techniques. the full-length tci cdna contains an open reading frame coding for a precursor protein of 97 amino acid residues that consists of a predicted signal peptide of 22 residues ... | 2005 | 15561703 |
| structure of human carboxypeptidase a4 with its endogenous protein inhibitor, latexin. | the only endogenous protein inhibitor known for metallocarboxypeptidases (mcps) is latexin, a 25-kda protein discovered in the rat brain. latexin, alias endogenous carboxypeptidase inhibitor, inhibits human cpa4 (hcpa4), whose expression is induced in prostate cancer cells after treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors. hcpa4 is a member of the a/b subfamily of mcps and displays the characteristic alpha/beta-hydrolase fold. human latexin consists of two topologically equivalent subdomains, ... | 2005 | 15738388 |
| the three-dimensional structures of tick carboxypeptidase inhibitor in complex with a/b carboxypeptidases reveal a novel double-headed binding mode. | the tick carboxypeptidase inhibitor (tci) is a proteinaceous inhibitor of metallo-carboxypeptidases present in the blood-sucking tick rhipicephalus bursa. the three-dimensional crystal structures of recombinant tci bound to bovine carboxypeptidase a and to human carboxypeptidase b have been determined and refined at 1.7 a and at 2.0 a resolution, respectively. tci consists of two domains that are structurally similar despite the low degree of sequence homology. the domains, each consisting of a ... | 2005 | 15961103 |
| tick species and tick-borne infections identified in population from a rural area of spain. | to determine the tick species that bite humans in the province of soria (spain) and ascertain the tick-borne pathogens that threaten people's health in that province, 185 tick specimens were collected from 179 patients who sought medical advice at health-care centres. the ticks were identified, and their dna examined by pcr for pathogens. most ticks were collected in autumn and spring (59 and 57 respectively). nine species of ticks were identified, the most frequent being dermacentor marginatus ... | 2005 | 16181517 |
| comparative study of anaplasma parasites in tick carrying buffaloes and cattle. | a comparative study on the prevalence of anaplasma parasite was conducted on ticks carrying buffaloes and cattle. five hundred blood samples of both animals (250 of each) were collected during february, march and april. thin blood smears on glass slides were made, fixed in 100% methyl alcohol and examined. microscopic examination revealed that 205 (41%) animals had anaplasma parasites, out of which 89, 44 and 72 animals had anaplasma marginale, anaplasma centrale and mixed infection respectively ... | 2005 | 16252338 |
| a molecular survey of bovine theileria parasites among apparently healthy cattle and with a note on the distribution of ticks in eastern turkey. | a survey of theileria parasites in cattle in eastern turkey was carried out using specific polymerase chain reaction. a total of 252 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cattle between june and july 2004. of 252 blood samples examined, 41 (16%) were positive for piroplasms by microscopy, whereas 114 (45%) were positive for the presence of at least one species of theileria by pcr. the percentages of positive animals for theileria annulata and benign theileria species (theileria se ... | 2006 | 16510248 |
| ticks infesting livestock on farms in western sicily, italy. | the results of a 2-year survey on ticks infesting livestock on farms in western sicily, italy, are reported. several dogs living in the same area were also examined for ticks. moreover, free-living ticks from one cattle farm were caught by co(2) traps and flagging. a total of 6208 specimens was collected belonging to 9 species: rhipicephalus bursa (32.4%), rhipicephalus turanicus (22.7%), rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.3%), hyalomma lusitanicum (12.0%), haemaphysalis punctata (7.8%), hyalomma marg ... | 2006 | 16550337 |
| pcr-based detection of theileria ovis in rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks. | tick-borne diseases in ruminants are common in tropical and subtropical regions and lead to meat and milk production losses. in this study, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to assess the presence of theileria ovis in rhipicephalus bursa ticks. we have demonstrated that the pcr enabled detection of t. ovis in field isolates of r. bursa collected from naturally infested sheep and goats in eastern turkey. the sampling was done in spring season (between may and june 2004). a total of 420 r. ... | 2006 | 16682122 |
| molecular diagnosis of theileria and babesia species infecting cattle in northern spain using reverse line blot macroarrays. | piroplasmosis in cattle is caused by tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasites of the genera theileria and babesia. molecular detection techniques offer higher sensitivity and specificity than microscopy examination methods and serological tests. a reverse line blot (rlb) macroarray that included generic and species-specific probes for theileria annulata, theileria buffeli, babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia divergens and babesia major was used to study the presence and identity of the piroplasm ... | 2006 | 16684356 |
| rickettsia sibirica isolation from a patient and detection in ticks, portugal. | we report the first isolation of rickettsia sibirica (strain mongolotimonae) from the blood of a patient and detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the rickettsia in a rhipicephalus pusillus tick collected from a dead mongoose (herpestes ichneumon) in the alentejo region, portugal. we describe also the first pcr detection of a new rickettsia strain that is related to r. sibirica. | 2006 | 16836827 |
| isolation and identification of rickettsia massiliae from rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in arizona. | twenty rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in eastern arizona were tested by pcr assay to establish their infection rate with spotted fever group rickettsiae. with a nested pcr assay which detects a fragment of the rickettsia genus-specific 17-kda antigen gene (htra), five ticks (25%) were found to contain rickettsial dna. one rickettsial isolate was obtained from these ticks by inoculating a suspension of a triturated tick into monolayers of vero e6 monkey kidney cells and xtc-2 clawed toa ... | 2006 | 16885311 |
| babesia spp. identified by pcr in ticks collected from domestic and wild ruminants in southern switzerland. | concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens affected a cattle herd in switzerland, and one of the pathogens was identified as babesia bigemina, which had never been observed in this country before. therefore, a survey of the occurrence of ruminant babesia spp. and their tick vectors in switzerland was conducted. a total of 2,017 ticks were collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and wild ruminants (deer, roe deer, and chamois) in southern parts of switzerland and identified morphologically. t ... | 2006 | 17021198 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus: genetic analysis and tick survey in turkey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a tick-borne virus in the family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus. the virus is transmitted to humans through infected tick bites or from direct contact with viremic animals or humans. in the present study, a total of 1,015 adult ticks were collected from cattle (603 specimens), sheep (17 specimens), and goats (395 specimens) in the kelkit valley in turkey. four tick species were recognized on the animals in the surveyed region. the most abundant sp ... | 2006 | 17088370 |
| prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsia species detected in ticks in la rioja, spain. | our objective was to learn the prevalence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia detected in ticks in la rioja, in the north of spain. from 2001 to 2005, 496 ticks representing 7 tick species were analysed at the hospital de la rioja. ticks were removed from humans with or without rickettsial syndrome (n = 59) or collected from mammals (n = 371) or from vegetation by dragging (n = 66). the presence of sfg rickettsia in these ticks was investigated by semi-nested pcr (ompa gene) and sequencing. ... | 2006 | 17114730 |
| [determination of tick species and treatment of cows, sheep and goats in the sivas-zara region]. | the purpose of this study was to examine tick infestation in cattle, sheep and goats in the zara-sivas region for one year and to determine the epizootiology of the tick species as well as to investigate treatment of the infested animals. tick infestation was detected in 71 (29.6%) out of 240 cattle, 66 (24.0%) out of 275 sheep and 50 (19.9%) out of 252 goats in the zara region. it has been shown that the tick infestation on cattle included haemaphysalis parva (33.8%), dermacentor marginatus (2. ... | 2006 | 17160854 |
| characterization of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from the tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a carboxypeptidase inhibitor called hltci was isolated from haemaphysalis longicornis in this study. the full-length cdna of hltci contains an open reading frame (orf) of 291bp, encoding 96 amino acid residues consisting of a predicted 19-residue signal peptide and a putative mature 77-residue protein. the expected mature protein is cysteine-rich and has 12 cysteine residues assumed to construct six disulfide bridges. the deduced peptide sequence shows 63.9% homology to the carboxypeptidase inhi ... | 2007 | 17651749 |
| a survey of ticks (acari:ixodidae) on cattle, sheep and goats in the dohuk governorate, iraq. | a survey on hard ticks affecting cattle, sheep, and goats was done in dohuk governorate from march 2005 until february 2006 in three areas (dohuk surrounding area, barwary balla near turkish border, and eqre). the species collected from cattle were hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and hyalomma anatolicum marginatum, while the species collected from sheep and goats were rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus turanicus, haemaphysalis parva, and hyalomma spp. the occurrences of the ticks in the three are ... | 2007 | 17823824 |
| detection of babesia ovis by pcr in rhipicephalus bursa collected from naturally infested sheep and goats. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to assess the presence and the frequency of babesia ovis infection in the adult rhipicephalus bursa and their hosts in elazig province located in eastern turkey. tick and blood samples were collected from 32 sheep and 28 goats of four selected herds. a total of 226 r. bursa were randomly selected from the collected ticks and their salivary glands were dissected out in 0.85% saline under stereo microscope. dna amplification method revealed that the frequen ... | 2008 | 17881019 |
| genetic analysis of the m rna segment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains in turkey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is member of the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae. all members of the family bunyaviridae are enveloped viruses containing tripartite, negative polarity, single-stranded rna. cchf is characterized by high case mortality, occurring in asia, africa, the middle east and europe. during recent years, outbreaks have been reported in turkey. however, little information is available on the genetic diversity of cchf virus in turkey. in this study, a ... | 2008 | 17955162 |
| climate niches of tick species in the mediterranean region: modeling of occurrence data, distributional constraints, and impact of climate change. | in this study, we used ecological niche factor analysis (enfa) and principal components analysis (pca) of climate variables to define the climate niches and areas of potential colonization of six species of ticks in the mediterranean region: dermacentor marginatus sulzer, rhipicephalus bursa canestrini & fanzago, rhipicephalus turanicus pomerantsev, matikashvili & lototsky, hyalomma marginatum koch, hyalomma excavatum koch, and boophilus annulatus (say). enfa generated distribution models that v ... | 2007 | 18047215 |
| experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus. | bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale. | 2007 | 18053123 |
| prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in mazandaran province, iran. | a survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in mazandaran province, iran. a total of 953 ticks were collected from 86 infested cattle during activating seasons of ticks during 2004-2005. nine species were identified: boophilus annulatus (51.3%), rhipicephalus bursa (16.8%), haemaphysalis punctata (6.3%), ixodes ricinus (6.8%), hyalomma marginatum (12.5%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.2%), hyalomma asiaticum (0.6%), hyalomma detritum ... | 2007 | 18165714 |
| midichloria mitochondrii is widespread in hard ticks (ixodidae) and resides in the mitochondria of phylogenetically diverse species. | the hard tick ixodes ricinus (ixodidae) is the sole animal thus far shown to harbour an intra-mitochondrial bacterium, which has recently been named midichloria mitochondrii. the objectives of this work were (i) to screen ixodid ticks for midichloria-related bacteria and (ii) to determine whether these bacteria exploit the intra-mitochondrial niche in other tick species. our main goal was to discover further models of this peculiar form of symbiosis. we have thus performed a pcr screening for mi ... | 2008 | 18205982 |
| virus detection and monitoring of viral load in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus patients. | we developed a real-time reverse transcription--pcr that detected 1,164 copies/ml of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus per milliliter of serum at 95% probability (probit analysis) and was 100% concordant with nested pcr on 63 samples from 31 patients with confirmed infection. infected patients who died appeared to have higher viral loads; low viral loads correlated with igg detection. | 2007 | 18214191 |
| competitive exclusion between piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis agents within cattle. | | 2008 | 18225951 |
| greek goat encephalitis virus strain isolated from ixodes ricinus, greece. | a strain of greek goat encephaltitis virus was isolated from engorged ixodes ricinus ticks that had fed on goats in northern greece. the strain was almost identical to the prototype strain isolated 35 years ago. | 2008 | 18258134 |
| cellular and molecular characterization of an embryonic cell line (bme26) from the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the cellular and molecular characteristics of a cell line (bme26) derived from embryos of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were studied. the cells contained glycogen inclusions, numerous mitochondria, and vesicles with heterogeneous electron densities dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. vesicles contained lipids and sequestered palladium meso-porphyrin (pd-mp) and rhodamine-hemoglobin, suggesting their involvement in the autophagic and endocytic pathways. the cells phagocytose ... | 2008 | 18405834 |
| insight into the sialome of the castor bean tick, ixodes ricinus. | in recent years, there have been several sialome projects revealing transcripts expressed in the salivary glands of ticks, which are important vectors of several human diseases. here, we focused on the sialome of the european vector of lyme disease, ixodes ricinus. | 2008 | 18489795 |
| ticks infesting domestic animals in northern greece. | the tick species infesting grazing animals in the countryside of 11 prefectures in northern greece were investigated during april-july and september-december of consecutive years 2003-2006. a total of 3,249 (1,952 males, 1,297 females) adult ticks were collected from goats, sheep, cattle and dogs. ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus (44.57%), ixodes gibbosus (4.09%), rhipicephalus bursa (19.14%), rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus turanicus (5.79%), hyalomma marginatum marginatum (12.40 ... | 2008 | 18563592 |
| prevalence of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in questing adult ticks from northern spain. | a total of 691 questing adult ixodid ticks of the genera ixodes, haemaphysalis, dermacentor, and rhipicephalus were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot (rlb) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, borrelia spp., and spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. ticks were collected by blanket dragging during 2 sampling years (2003-2005) in 10 recreational areas in the basque country (northern spain). adult ticks were collected every month of the ye ... | 2008 | 18759563 |
| prevalence and genotypes of anaplasma species and habitat suitability for ticks in a mediterranean ecosystem. | anaplasma species are tick-transmitted pathogens that impact veterinary and human health. sicily is one of the locations where these pathogens are endemic. sicily represents a typical mediterranean ecosystem to study anaplasma infection and tick habitat suitability. the aims of this study were (i) to characterize by 16s rrna and species-specific msp4 gene pcr the prevalence and genotypes of a. marginale, a. phagocytophilum, and a. ovis in the most abundant host species in sicilian provinces and ... | 2008 | 18978093 |
| distribution and molecular detection of theileria and babesia in questing ticks from northern spain. | a total of 562 questing adult ixodid ticks, collected during 2003-05 in 10 recreational mountain areas in northern spain, were analysed for piroplasm infection. reverse line blot (rlb) analysis using a panel of probes for 23 piroplasm species identified 16 different piroplasms, with an overall prevalence of 9.3%. most were theileria spp.-positive (7.7%), 3.0% were positive for babesia spp. and 1.4% of ticks harboured both genera. ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758), the most abundant tick in the veg ... | 2008 | 19120958 |
| mammalian metallopeptidase inhibition at the defense barrier of ascaris parasite. | roundworms of the genus ascaris are common parasites of the human gastrointestinal tract. a battery of selective inhibitors protects them from host enzymes and the immune system. here, a metallocarboxypeptidase (mcp) inhibitor, aci, was identified in protein extracts from ascaris by intensity-fading maldi-tof mass spectrometry. the 67-residue amino acid sequence of aci showed no significant homology with any known protein. heterologous overexpression and purification of aci rendered a functional ... | 2009 | 19179285 |
| molecular detection and identification of ehrlichia and anaplasma species in ixodid ticks. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay followed by partial sequencing of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was performed for the presence of ehrlichia and/or anaplasma. a total of 242 ixodid ticks were collected from domestic ruminants and their shelters, as well as humans, and their individual salivary glands were dissected out for dna. from the 242 ticks analyzed, six (2.47%), comprising three hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, one rhipicephalus bursa, and two rhipicephalus sanguineus, were positive. o ... | 2009 | 19247690 |
| propetamphos resistance in rhipicephalus bursa (acari, ixodidae). | hard tick infestation is an important problem in both traditional and industrial animal husbandry as well as in veterinary and public health. several acaricides have been used to control tick infestation in iran. poor control has been attributed to acaricide resistance in tick populations although this has not been demonstrated experimentally. in this study, susceptibility status to propetamphos (blotic) of 2-3-week-old larvae of rhipicephalus bursa, one of the most common tick species in iran, ... | 2009 | 19286323 |
| biochemical characterization of bovine plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (tafi). | tafi is a plasma protein assumed to be an important link between coagulation and fibrinolysis. the three-dimensional crystal structures of authentic mature bovine tafi (tafia) in complex with tick carboxypeptidase inhibitor, authentic full lenght bovine plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (tafi), and recombinant human tafi have recently been solved. in light of these recent advances, we have characterized authentic bovine tafi biochemically and compared it to human tafi. | 2009 | 19416536 |
| the first clinical case due to ap92 like strain of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus and a field survey. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a fatal infection, but no clinical case due to ap92 strain was reported. we described the first clinical case due to ap92 like cchfv. | 2009 | 19515251 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, southwestern bulgaria. | | 2009 | 19523314 |
| first detection of rickettsia slovaca in greece. | seven hundred and three ticks collected in november and june of 2004-2006 from domestic animals in four localities of halkidiki prefecture, northern greece, were tested for the presence of ricketsial dna. rickettsia slovaca was detected in one pool of rhipicephalus bursa ticks, representing the first report of detection of r. slovaca in greece. | 2010 | 19554462 |
| seroprevalence of equine piroplasms and host-related factors associated with infection in greece. | serum samples were collected from a total of 544 equids that included 524 horses, 13 mules, and 7 ponies from various regions of mainland greece and were examined by competitive-inhibition elisa (celisa) to evaluate the level of exposure of greek equids to theileria (babesia) equi and/or babesia caballi, the causative agents of piroplasmosis. association between seropositivity and host-related factors of species, gender, age, origin, activity and location were investigated. the overall seropreva ... | 2010 | 20138434 |
| canine and feline vector-borne diseases in italy: current situation and perspectives. | in italy, dogs and cats are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. ticks, fleas, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized vectors of pathogens affecting cats and dogs, some of which (e.g., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, dipylidium caninum, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and dirofilaria repens) are of zoonotic concern. recent studies have highlighted the potential of fleas as vectors ... | 2010 | 20145730 |