| [effects of drugs given to the rabbit feeding host on glossina palpalis gambiensis. 1]. | | 1979 | 523727 |
| [effect of drugs given to the feeding host (rabbit) on glossina palpalis gambiensis. part two]. | | 1979 | 554283 |
| [report on the 4 years' maintenance of a colony of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank 1949 (diptera, muscidae) reared on rabbit and guinea pig hosts]. | | 1979 | 555005 |
| [breeding of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949 (diptera, muscidae) at bobo-dioulasso (upper volta)]. | | 1977 | 560713 |
| [attempted determination of the optimal radiation dosage for male glossina palpalis gambiensis (vanderplank, 1949) from the aspect of biological control by release of sterile males in the region of bobo-dioulasso (upper volta)]. | | 1977 | 565070 |
| [field trial of genetic control by sterile male release: longevity and dispersion of irradiated males of glossina palpalis gambiensis (upper volta)]. | | 1979 | 575474 |
| [the impact of releasing sterilized males on the ratio of 2 wild fly populations of glossina palpalis gambiensis in upper volta (black volta sources)]. | | 1978 | 575569 |
| [effect of limited temperature variations and relative humidity on the duration of the pupal stage of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949 bred at the bobo-dioulasso laboratory (upper volta)]. | | 1978 | 757713 |
| [rearing of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949 (diptera-muscidae) at maisons-alfort]. | | 1976 | 959623 |
| [ecology of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949]. | | 1976 | 1013476 |
| [preliminary attempt at the release of male sterile glossina palpalis gambiensis (upper volta)]. | | 1976 | 1035431 |
| the residual effect of deltamethrin spot on when tested against glossina palpalis gambiensis under fly chamber conditions. | groups of single zebu cattle were exposed to infestations of the tsetse fly glossina palpalis gambiensis in fly chambers following treatment with a pour on formulation of deltamethrin, coopers* spot on. during the experiment one animal was maintained in a stall, the other exposed at intervals to sunlight. both mortality and knockdown of exposed flies was demonstrated. mortality rates of greater than 90% were recorded during the period 0-20 days after treatment and values in excess of 50% during ... | 1992 | 1598506 |
| trypanosoma vivax in glossina palpalis gambiensis do not appear to affect feeding behaviour, longevity or reproductive performance of the vector. | feeding behaviour of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank infected with trypanosoma vivax ziemann was studied and compared with that of uninfected control tsetse. the parameters measured were: total number of probes into the ear-skin of rabbits; rate of bloodmeal engorgement; weight of freshly ingested blood; survival; and mean weight of pupae. the results showed that the rosettes of t.vivax parasites in the labrum did not interfere with the feeding behaviour of the vectors. furthermore, mea ... | 1991 | 1768899 |
| [vectorial capacity of glossina palpalis gambiensis (bobo dioulasso) for trypanosoma brucei brucei eatro 1125]. | a total of 440 teneral glossina palpalis gambiensis received one single bloodmeal on a guinea pig infected chronically with trypanosoma brucei brucei eatro 1125. metacyclic infections were present in 11.29% of the flies, in 2.32% infections were limited to procyclical stages. no significant difference in vectorial capacity was observed between male and female flies, the level of metacyclic infections being 13.19% in the former and 9.55% in the latter. the parasitaemia level, the percentage of st ... | 1991 | 1843825 |
| identification of midgut trypanolysin and trypanoagglutinin in glossina palpalis sspp. (diptera: glossinidae). | a midgut trypanolysin and an agglutinin from glossina palpalis subspecies were isolated and partially characterized using anion-exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. fplc fractions of midgut extracts of glossina palpalis palpalis caused agglutination and lysis of two trypanosome species (trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei brucei), although glossina palpalis gambiensis caused only agglutination. the trypanolysin and agglutinin were active only in the posterior ... | 1990 | 2092294 |
| the effect of intersubspecific hybridization and gamma radiation on the reproductive biology of glossina palpalis palpalis (robineau-desvoidy) and glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank. | the closely related tsetse fly subspecies glossina palpalis palpalis (nigeria origin) and glossina palpalis gambiensis (burkina faso origin) hybridize readily in the laboratory. hybridized g.p.palpalis females produced less offspring than the parental intrasubspecific crosses. adult emergence was below 70% with at least 78% being females. most female hybrids were fertile whereas most of the male hybrids were sterile when backcrossed to the g.p.palpalis parental line. all f1 males were capable of ... | 1990 | 2222007 |
| experimental infection of n'dama cattle with trypanosomes using glossina palpalis gambiensis caught in the wild. | the transmissibility of trypanosome infection to n'dama cattle by tsetse flies caught in the field was examined. wild-caught glossina palpalis gambiensis were transferred singly into small numbered cages and allowed to feed on 14 uninfected n'dama cattle. following a completed feed the tsetse were dissected and infection in the proboscis, the salivary glands and the gut was recorded. each animal was bitten by a number of tsetse ranging from five up to 64 flies. following dissection of the tsetse ... | 1990 | 2321260 |
| [the determination of the geographical boundaries between two subspecies of tsetse flies in the ivory coast: glossina palpalis (robineau-desvoidy, 1830) and g.p.gambiensis (vanderplank, 1949)]. | the biometric analysis of the male genitalia of glossina palpalis palpalis and glossina palpalis gambiensis about samples caught along four bits of road in côte d'ivoire permitted to determine the geographic limit between both subspecies. g. p. palpalis is everywhere in the guinean area whereas g. p. gambiensis is found in the sudanese one. in the wet savanna, both subspecies live together and mate to give out a reduced number of hybrids. | 1989 | 2544980 |
| effects of flumethrin pour-on against glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera, glossinidae) during releases in a fly proof stable. | 2000 males and females of glossina palpalis gambiensis were released in the presence of a zebu treated with flumethrin pour-on in a fly proof stable. from the first day after treatment until day 15, the flies were released at intervals of two days. the mortalities were highest during the first five days after treatment. with the exception of the first two releases the "knock down" effects were distinctly higher than the corresponding mortalities, ranging between 60% and 100% during the observati ... | 1989 | 2623434 |
| geographical distribution of glossina palpalis gambiensis and g.p.palpalis in liberia. | the two subspecies of glossina palpalis (robineau-desvoidy) occurring in liberia could be reliably separated morphometrically by measuring the width of the terminal dilatations of the male inferior claspers. subspecies differentiation of female flies was less conclusive. identification of flies from fifty-four sites revealed that most of liberia lies in the belt of glossina palpalis palpalis. however, pure and substantial populations of g.p.gambiensis vanderplank occur north of 8 degrees 20'n in ... | 1987 | 2979551 |
| effects of flumethrin pour-on against glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera, glossinidae). | 1920 males and females of glossina palpalis gambiensis were fed 3 times on a zebu treated with flumethrin pour-on. this resulted in a significant increase of the mortality and abortion rate of the flies. the fly-specific effects of flumethrin pour-on were time-dependent: clear effects on the performance of the flies were observed during the first 20 days after treatment of the zebu; an initial 90% "knock down" effect decreased to 40% during the first 15 days. | 1988 | 3175470 |
| viruslike particles in glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae). | | 1988 | 3240012 |
| maintaining zebu maure cattle in a tsetse infested area of mali. ii. epidemiological considerations. | scheduled monitoring of tsetse and other biting flies at tienfala forest, republic of mali from december 1979 until june 1981 yielded more than 14,500 specimens. comparisons of the monthly totals of tsetse and other biting flies with the monthly incidence of bovine trypanosomiasis in sentinel cattle suggested that biological transmission by a single riverine species of tsetse, glossina palpalis gambiensis, accounted for most if not all disease transmission at the study site. the data obtained al ... | 1986 | 3705173 |
| [some peculiarities of the habitat of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949 (diptera, glossinidae), noticed in senegal]. | | 1974 | 4438759 |
| [control of glossina palpalis gambiensis in the niayes region of senegal]. | | 1973 | 4802000 |
| [improvement of the method for the determination of the physiological age of tsetse flies. studies made on glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949]. | | 1965 | 5898576 |
| [glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank 1949 (diptera) in the niayes region and on the petite côte (senegal republic)]. | | 1967 | 6083208 |
| [impact of biconic impregnated traps on the populations of glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina tachinoides. results of a large-scale control campaign against animal trypanosomiasis in the north ivory coast]. | | 1984 | 6100564 |
| genetic polymorphism in three species of tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) in upper volta. | natural populations of glossina morsitans submorsitans newstead, glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank and glossina tachinoides westwood occurring within 150 km of bobo-dioulasso, upper volta were examined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. no variation was found in the banding pattern for arginine phosphokinase (ec 2.7.3.3). g. p. gambiensis and g. tachinoides had three alleles for each of the thoracic enzymes octanol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.73), malic dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.37) and ... | 1981 | 6115554 |
| experimental aerial release of sterile males of glossina palpalis gambiensis and of glossina tachinoides in a biological control operation. | | 1984 | 6544956 |
| [efficacy of barriers made from screens or biconical traps impregnated with ddt, deltamethrin or dieldrin against glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina tachinoides]. | | 1983 | 6665271 |
| [nocturnal resting sites of glossina species (diptera: glossinidae) of western upper volta. ii. glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank]. | | 1983 | 6687016 |
| maintaining zebu maure cattle in a tsetse infested area of mali. | a study was initiated to evaluate two trypanocidal drugs, the prophylactic isometamidium chloride (trypamidium) and the curative diminazene aceturate (berenil) as to their potential for long-term maintenance of zebu cattle in a tsetse infested area of mali. trypamidium was administered quarterly and berenil was administered only as animals were found to be positive for trypanosomes. during the 21-month study trypanosomiasis was the most frequently encountered disease in the cattle in the berenil ... | 1984 | 6729998 |
| [preliminary study on the longevity and the distribution of glossina palpalis gambiensis irradiated males in their natural biotope]. | | 1980 | 6935708 |
| [combination of an insecticide treatment with the sterile male method in the control of glossina palpalis gambiensis : value of the implementation of several methods]. | | 1980 | 7192877 |
| [main ovario-uterine abnormalities in female glossina palpalis gambiensis (vanderplank 1949) in bodo-diulasso breeding units (upper volta)]. | | 1980 | 7197388 |
| [pathological evaluation of 4 years of breeding domestic rabbits used as feeding hosts for tsetse flies (glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank 1949) in upper volta]. | for the last 6 years, c. r. t. a. has experimented the sterile male release method for the control of tsetse flies. a breeding unit of 400 rabbits has supplied the blood needed for feeding a colony of 40 000 tsetse females. the main diseases of the rabbit under tropical humid conditions are pneumopathies, coccidioses, affections connected to the great variations of humidity and temperature and side effects as host feeding. despite regular preventive treatments against pasteurelloses and coccidio ... | 1981 | 7202248 |
| cytogenetic and isozymic comparisons of two laboratory lines of glossina palpalis gambiensis. | the genetics of two laboratory colonies of glossina palpalis gambiensis were characterized by c-banding and isoenzyme studies. the colonies, derived from flies collected in the same locality, had different histories in the laboratory and different susceptibilities to trypanosome infection. although the two lines were also found to differ in the frequencies of chromosome and isozyme variants, the variation was not enough to put their specific status in doubt; it was probably the result of genetic ... | 1994 | 7979641 |
| pathogenesis and pathology of african trypanosomosis in baoulé, n'dama/baoulé cross bred and zebu cattle in burkina faso. 1. clinical performance under high natural tsetse challenge. | the pathogenesis and pathology of african animal trypanosomosis (aat) in baoulé, n'dama/baoulé-cross-bred and zebu cattle was studied from 1987 to 1991 in a series of experiments conducted under natural and artificial conditions of challenge at the centre de recherches sur les trypanosomoses animales (crta) in burkina faso. this first paper reports on the clinical performance of 64 baoulé, 10 n'dama/baoulé-cross-bred and 20 zebu cattle, which were transferred to the pastoral zone of satiri, 50 k ... | 1993 | 8367674 |
| [improving the salivation technic in the tsetse fly for the detection of infective metatripanosomes: study of the effect of biologic and non-biologic factors in the probing behavior of the tsetse fly]. | the probing and salivation behaviour on a warm slide of three tsetse fly species or subspecies (glossina morsitans morsitans, glossina palpalis gambiensis, glossina tachinoides) was examined with respect to various parameters (species, sex, age, starvation period, trypanosome infection, quality of support). each fly was given the opportunity to probe the warm slide (38 degrees c) for 5 minutes (we mean by probing an attempt to touch the glass slide by the proboscis in a biting position). g.m mor ... | 1995 | 8552846 |
| trypanosome characterization by polymerase chain reaction in glossina palpalis gambiensis and g.tachinoides from burkina faso. | following the discovery of four cases of african human trypanosomiasis, an entomological survey was conducted along the mouhoun river in southwest burkina faso to collect glossina palpalis gambiensis and g.tachinoides. among 226 flies dissected, 4.87% (eleven individuals) were infected in midgut or proboscis, but never in the salivary glands. polymerase chain reaction analysis was undertaken, and was able to characterize all the proboscis infections, and half of the midgut infections. only trypa ... | 1996 | 8994137 |
| effect of the life-span of female glossina palpalis gambiensis on the weight and size of its progeny. | pupae and teneral flies of glossina palpalis gambiensis originating from three successive reproductive cycles were compared for their size and weight. in general, pupal weight and fly weight increased, whereas fly size, measured as wing vein length, decreased with the number of reproductive cycles. the linear regression observed between weight and wing vein length of the fly demonstrated that, particularly for flies originating from the first and second larvipositions, small changes in wing vein ... | 1997 | 9061683 |
| microsatellite markers for genetic population studies in glossina palpalis (diptera: glossinidae). | little is known about tsetse intraspecific variability and its consequences on vectorial capacity. since isoenzyme analyses revealed little polymorphism, microsatellite markers have been developed for glossina palpalis gambiensis species. three loci have been identified and showed size polymorphisms for insectarium samples. moreover, amplifications were observed in different species belonging to palpalis group. these molecular markers will be useful to estimate gene flow within g. p. gambiensis ... | 1997 | 9177579 |
| trypanosome-binding proteins of the tsetse flies glossina palpalis gambiensis and g. morsitans morsitans. | in this paper we describe a new, selective approach to identify protein ligand-receptor interactions between an arthropod vector and the parasite it transmits. biotinylated vector proteins were incubated with living parasites in physiological conditions. after extensive washing, the parasites were subjected to sds-page electrophoresis and the polypeptides were electroblotted onto nitrocellulose membrane. staining with avidin-horseradish peroxidase revealed only biotin-labeled proteins from the v ... | 1996 | 9198586 |
| pcr analysis and spatial repartition of trypanosomes infecting tsetse flies in sidéradougou area of burkina faso. | a parasitological and entomological survey was conducted in the sideradougou area (south of bobo dioulasso, burkina faso) in order to identify transmission factors of african trypanosomosis. a total of 3600 tsetse flies (glossina tachinoides, glossina palpalis gambiensis) were captured along 120 km of linear gallery forest and half of them were dissected. pcr analysis was undertaken on parasitologically positive flies (161 g. tachinoides, 92 g. palpalis gambiensis) to characterize the different ... | 1998 | 9668447 |
| new epidemiological features on animal trypanosomiasis by molecular analysis in the pastoral zone of sideradougou, burkina faso. | a multidisciplinary work was undertaken in the agropastoral zone of sidéradougou, burkina faso to try to elucidate the key factors determining the presence of tsetse flies. in this study the pcr was used to characterize trypanosomes infecting the vector (glossina tachinoides and glossina palpalis gambiensis) and the host, i.e. cattle. a 2-year survey involved dissecting 2211 tsetse of the two glossina species. a total of 298 parasitologically infected tsetse were analysed by pcr. trypanosoma viv ... | 1998 | 9691491 |
| left-right asymmetry of fly wings and the evolution of body axes. | the body plan of drosophila, and presumably that of other insects, develops under the control of anterio-posterior and dorsal ventral axes, but no evidence for a left-right axis has yet been found. we used geometric morphometrics to study the wings in three species of flies: drosophila melanogaster, musca domestica and glossina palpalis gambiensis. in all three species, we found that both size and shape showed subtle, but statistically significant directional asymmetry. for size, these asymmetri ... | 1998 | 9699316 |
| microsatellite markers for genetic population studies in glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae). | little is known about intraspecific variability in tsetse flies and its consequences for vectorial capacity. microsatellite markers have been developed for glossina palpalis gambiensis. three loci have been identified and showed size polymorphisms for insectarium samples. g. palpalis gambiensis from burkina faso were also subjected to pcr to investigate then genetic variability. amplifications were observed in different species belonging to the palpalis group. these molecular markers will be use ... | 1998 | 9705735 |
| [vectorial competence of glossina tachinoides westwood and glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank infected by trypanosoma brucei brucei eatro 1125]. | the vectorial competence (vc) of teneral (less than 32 h) glossina tachinoides westwood and g. palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, fed simultaneously on a guinea-pig infected with trypanosoma brucei brucei eatro 1125, was assessed. statistical analysis of the experimental results revealed that female g. tachinoides had a significantly higher midgut infection rate than males. such a sex-related difference was not observed in g. p. gambiensis. male g. p. gambiensis had higher midgut infection rates t ... | 1998 | 9851007 |
| tsetse challenge, trypanosome and helminth infection in relation to productivity of village ndama cattle in senegal. | data on tsetse fly, and on village ndama cattle collected over a 4-year period in southern senegal, were analysed. a total of 431 ndama cattle in four herds of three villages in the upper casamance area of southern senegal were monitored monthly. glossina morsitans submorsitans and glossina palpalis gambiensis are present in the study area. mean tsetse apparent density was 5.4 flies/trap/day. trypanosome (trypanosoma congonlense and trypanosoma vivax) infection rate in flies was 2.4 (s.e. 0.37)% ... | 1999 | 10190867 |
| intraspecific variability in natural populations of glossina palpalis gambiensis from west africa, revealed by genetic and morphometric analyses. | glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank (diptera: glossinidae) from west africa (senegal and burkina faso) were analysed for microsatellite dna polymorphisms and size of the wings. in the overall sample a strong heterozygote deficiency was found at two polymorphic microsatellite loci. it led to a highly significant value of fis (within-sample heterozygote deficit) in the western zone of sideradougou area in burkina faso. genetic differentiation was significant on a macrogeographic scale, i.e. b ... | 1999 | 10608229 |
| microsatellite dna markers reveal genetic differentiation among populations of glossina palpalis gambiensis collected in the agro-pastoral zone of sideradougou, burkina faso. | intraspecific genetic variability of glossina palpalis gambiensis in the area of sideradougou, burkina faso, was studied using polymorphic microsatellite dna markers. this genetic study was combined with other epidemiological information on the same tsetse: bloodmeal identification, dissection of tsetse and molecular characterization of the trypanosomes detected. there was significant genetic differentiation among flies caught only a few kilometers apart, within the same riverine habitat. these ... | 2000 | 10971721 |
| the changing distribution of two riverine tsetse flies over 15 years in an increasingly cultivated area of burkina faso. | changes in the distribution of two riverine tsetse flies, glossina tachinoides westwood and glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank are described in an agro-pastoral area of burkina faso subject to increasing human population pressure and land use change. two similar entomological surveys (one trap every 100 m, 120 km of river) were conducted in 1981 and 1996. changes in tsetse distribution were compared to land use changes through high resolution remote sensing imagery (landsat, spot). there w ... | 2001 | 11415469 |
| [sensitivity of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank, 1949, to ddt and dieldrin, determined by means of the who standard kit for adult mosquitoes]. | | 1963 | 14081710 |
| monitoring the developmental status of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the tsetse fly by means of pcr analysis of anal and saliva drops. | teneral glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae) were infected with a culture of procyclic forms of trypanosoma brucei gambiense using a single-bloodmeal membrane feeding technique. the infection was monitored by analysing the saliva (mature infection) and anal drop (midgut infection) of each fly at different post-infection times both by microscopic observation and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). amplification revealed many more positive anal drops than microscopy. the monitoring sho ... | 2003 | 14516928 |
| monitoring the susceptibility of glossina palpalis gambiensis and g. morsitans morsitans to experimental infection with savannah-type trypanosoma congolense, using the polymerase chain reaction. | teneral glossina palpalis gambiensis and g. morsitans morsitans (diptera: glossinidae) were fed on mice infected with savannah-type trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense. the infection was monitored by checking the post-feeding diuresis fluid (midgut infection) and saliva (mature infection) of individual flies for parasites, at different times post-infection, using microscopical examination and a pcr-based assay. the results indicated that both tsetse species supported established midgut infection ... | 2004 | 15000728 |
| inhibition of the dna amplification of trypanosomes present in tsetse flies midguts: implications for the identification of trypanosome species in wild tsetse flies. | the present study was carried out in order to investigate if there was really a failure of pcr in identifying parasitologically positive tsetse flies in the field. tsetse flies (glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina morsitans morsitans) were therefore experimentally infected with two different species of trypanosoma (trypanosoma brucei gambiense or trypanosoma congolense). a total of 152 tsetse flies were dissected, and organs of each fly (midgut, proboscis or salivary glands) were examined. ... | 2004 | 15071836 |
| a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors in the savelugu and west mamprusi districts of northern ghana. | the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was investigated in two districts (savelugu and west mamprusi) of northern ghana with different land use and environmental characteristics. the land use intensity and environmental change was suspected to be higher in the savelugu district. a cross-sectional entomological survey conducted along the white volta river and its tributaries confirmed the presence of only glossina palpalis gambiensis and g. tachinoides. the challenge index as measured by the p ... | 2004 | 15158552 |
| mitochondrial diversity analysis of glossina palpalis gambiensis from mali and senegal. | west african riverine tsetse populations of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank (diptera: glossinidae) were investigated for gene flow, inferred from mitochondrial diversity in samples of 69 flies from senegal and 303 flies from three river drainages in mali. four polymorphic mitochondrial loci were scored. mean haplotype diversities were 0.30 in mali, 0 in senegal and 0.18 over both mali and senegal. these diversities estimate the probabilities that two randomly chosen tsetse have differen ... | 2004 | 15347397 |
| the macrocyclic lactone "spinosad," a promising insecticide for tsetse fly control. | the susceptibility of tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae), glossina palpalis gambiensis (vanderplank), and g. m. morsitans (westwood) to topically applied spinosad, a mixture of insecticidal molecules from the actinomycete saccharopolyspora spinosa, is almost as high as to deltamethrin. however, susceptibility to spinosad does not differ significantly between teneral and gravid flies, contrary to deltamethrin. spinosad might be a promising candidate for future tsetse control by the sequential ae ... | 2004 | 15535607 |
| sodalis glossinidius (enterobacteriaceae) and vectorial competence of glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina morsitans morsitans for trypanosoma congolense savannah type. | sodalis glossinidius is an endosymbiont of glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina morsitans morsitans, the vectors of trypanosoma congolense. the presence of the symbiont was investigated by pcr in trypanosoma congolense savannah type-infected and noninfected midguts of both fly species, and into the probosces of flies displaying either mature or immature infection, to investigate possible correlation with the vectorial competence of tsetse flies. sodalis glossinidius was detected in all midg ... | 2005 | 15942697 |
| two tsetse fly species, glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina morsitans morsitans, carry genetically distinct populations of the secondary symbiont sodalis glossinidius. | genetic diversity among sodalis glossinidius populations was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. strains collected from glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina morsitans morsitans flies group into separate clusters, being differentially structured. this differential structuring may reflect different host-related selection pressures and may be related to the different vector competences of glossina spp. | 2005 | 16332895 |
| a phyto-sociological analysis of the distribution of riverine tsetse flies in burkina faso. | in burkina faso, glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank and g. tachinoides westwood (diptera: glossinidae) are the main cyclic vectors of trypanosomiasis. the vegetation type along river banks is an important factor determining the distribution and abundance of these tsetse. the following work investigated the relation between the plant species present (including the disturbance level) and tsetse distribution and abundance, using three ecotypes, described by p.c. morel in 1978. these were the ... | 2005 | 16336302 |
| vector competence of glossina palpalis gambiensis for trypanosoma brucei s.l. and genetic diversity of the symbiont sodalis glossinidius. | tsetse flies transmit african trypanosomes, responsible for sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals. this disease affects many people with considerable impact on public health and economy in sub-saharan africa, whereas trypanosomes' resistance to drugs is rising. the symbiont sodalis glossinidius is considered to play a role in the ability of the fly to acquire trypanosomes. different species of glossina were shown to harbor genetically distinct populations of s. glossinidius. we there ... | 2007 | 17012373 |
| genetic and morphometric evidence for population isolation of glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae) on the loos islands, guinea. | allele frequencies at four microsatellite loci, and morphometric features based on 11 wing landmarks, were compared among three populations of glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae) in guinea. one population originated from the loos islands separated from the capital conakry by 5 km of sea, and the two others originated from the continental mangrove area close to dubreka, these two groups being separated by approximately 30 km. microsatellites and wing geometry data both converged t ... | 2006 | 17017219 |
| cyclical transmission of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in glossina palpalis gambiensis displays great differences among field isolates. | six sets of teneral glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae) were fed on mice infected with six different isolates of trypanosoma brucei gambiense (each mouse was infected with one of the isolates), previously isolated from patients in the sleeping sickness focus of bonon, côte d'ivoire and in makoua, congo. all the tsetse flies were dissected 42 days post-infection and midgut and salivary glands were examined for trypanosomes by microscopical examination. no infection was observed wi ... | 2006 | 17069743 |
| tsetse control in cattle from pyrethroid footbaths. | in burkina faso, we assessed the efficacy of treating cattle with a footbath containing aqueous formulations of pyrethroids to control two tsetse-fly species, glossina tachinoides westwood, 1850 (diptera, glossinidae) and glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank 1949. legs were the most targeted parts of the body for tsetse-fly blood meals: 81% (95% ci: 73, 89) for g. tachinoides and 88% (81, 95) for g. palpalis. the in-stable efficacy of footbath treatments was compared with manual full sprayin ... | 2007 | 17126431 |
| trypanosoma brucei 29-13 strain is inducible in but not permissive for the tsetse fly vector. | using green fluorescent protein as a reporter, we have shown that the strain 29-13 of trypanosoma brucei, widely used for inducible down-regulation of mrna, is inducible in, but not permissive for the tsetse flies glossina palpalis gambiensis and glossina morsitans morsitans. within two weeks post-infection, 42% males and females of teneral and non-teneral tsetse flies harboured intestinal infections, yet not a single infection progressed into the salivary glands. | 2007 | 17603043 |
| population structuring of glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae) according to landscape fragmentation in the mouhoun river, burkina faso. | the impact of landscape fragmentation due to human and climatic mediated factors on the structure of a population of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank (diptera: glossinidae) was investigated in the mouhoun river basin, burkina faso. allele frequencies at five microsatellite loci, and metric properties based on 11 wing landmarks, were compared between four populations. the populations originated from the mouhoun river and one of its tributaries. the average distance between samples was 72 ... | 2007 | 17915509 |
| trypanosoma brucei brucei induces alteration in the head proteome of the tsetse fly vector glossina palpalis gambiensis. | parasitic manipulations of host behaviour are known from a wide range of host-parasite associations. however, the understanding of these phenomena is far from complete and detailed investigation of their proximate causes is needed. many studies report behavioural modifications, such as altered feeding rates in tsetse fly (glossina) infected with the mature transmissible stage (i.e. metacyclic) of the trypanosomes. here, bidimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were employed t ... | 2007 | 18092995 |
| does isometamidium chloride treatment protect tsetse flies from trypanosome infections during sit campaigns? | african animal trypanosomosis is a major pathological constraint to cattle breeding across 10 million km2 of sub-saharan west african countries infested by tsetse flies, their cyclic vectors. the release of sterile males (sterile insect technique [sit]) is a potentially important control technique aimed at eliminating the vectors. prior to release, tsetse are generally treated with isometamidium chloride, a trypanocide, to prevent them from transmitting parasites. the present study investigated ... | 2008 | 18498613 |
| fragmentation analysis for prediction of suitable habitat for vectors: example of riverine tsetse flies in burkina faso. | tsetse flies are the cyclic vectors of sleeping sickness and african animal trypanosomosis. the possibility to classify the natural habitat of riverine tsetse species is explored in the mouhoun river basin, burkina faso: the objectives were to discriminate the riverine forests community types and their fragmentation levels by using landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper images, to map tsetse densities. glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank 1949 (diptera: glossinidae) and g. tachinoides westwood, ... | 2008 | 19058646 |
| control of bovine trypanosomosis by restricted application of insecticides to cattle using footbaths. | african animal trypanosomoses are the main parasitological constraints to livestock production in many sub-saharan african countries infested with tsetse flies. a prospective survey was implemented in dafinso (burkina faso) to assess the effect of deltamethrin 0.005% (vectocid(nd), ceva santé animale) impregnation of cattle on trypanosomes transmission in cattle. two herds were involved in the survey. they were watered at two different waterpoints located on the same river harboring a guinean ri ... | 2009 | 19231084 |
| the population structure of glossina palpalis gambiensis from island and continental locations in coastal guinea. | we undertook a population genetics analysis of the tsetse fly glossina palpalis gambiensis, a major vector of sleeping sickness in west africa, using microsatellite and mitochondrial dna markers. our aims were to estimate effective population size and the degree of isolation between coastal sites on the mainland of guinea and loos islands. the sampling locations encompassed dubréka, the area with the highest human african trypanosomosis (hat) prevalence in west africa, mangrove and savannah site ... | 2009 | 19290038 |
| tsetse elimination: its interest and feasibility in the historical sleeping sickness focus of loos islands, guinea. | guinea is the west african country which is currently the most prevalent for sleeping sickness. the littoral area is the region where most of the recent sleeping sickness cases have been described, especially the mangrove sleeping sickness foci of dubreka and boffa where glossina palpalis gambiensis is the vector. loos islands constitute a small archipelago 5 km apart from the capital, conakry. medical, animal, and entomological surveys were implemented in these islands in oct-nov 2006. no patho ... | 2009 | 19353949 |
| serratia glossinae sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of the tsetse fly glossina palpalis gambiensis. | we report the isolation of a novel bacterium, strain c1(t), from the midgut of the tsetse fly glossina palpalis gambiensis, one of the vector insects responsible for transmission of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in sub-saharan african countries. strain c1(t) is a motile, facultatively anaerobic, rod-like bacterium (0.8-1.0 microm in diameter; 2-6 microm long) that grows as single cells or in chains. optimum growth occurred at 25-35 degrees c, at ph 6.7-8.4 and in medium containin ... | 2010 | 19667382 |
| monitoring the pleomorphism of trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates in mouse: impact on its transmissibility to glossina palpalis gambiensis. | substantial differences have been observed between the cyclical transmission of three trypanosoma brucei gambiense field isolates in glossina palpalis gambiensis (ravel et al., 2006). differences in the pleomorphism of these isolates in rodent used to provide the infective feed to glossina, could explain such results, since stumpy forms are preadapted for differentiation to procyclic forms when taken up in a tsetse bloodmeal. to assess this possibility, mice were immunosuppressed and inoculated ... | 2009 | 19720159 |
| population structure of glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae) between river basins in burkina faso: consequences for area-wide integrated pest management. | african animal trypanosomosis is a major obstacle to the development of more efficient and sustainable livestock production systems in west africa. riverine tsetse species such as glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank are their major vectors. a wide variety of control tactics is available to manage these vectors, but their elimination will only be sustainable if control is exercised following area-wide integrated pest management (aw-ipm) principles, i.e. the control effort is targeting an ent ... | 2010 | 20060501 |
| population structuring of the tsetse glossina tachinoides resulting from landscape fragmentation in the mouhoun river basin, burkina faso. | the impact of landscape fragmentation resulting from human- and climate-mediated factors on the structure of a population of glossina tachinoides westwood (diptera: glossinidae) in the mouhoun river basin, burkina faso, was investigated. allele frequencies at five microsatellite loci were compared in four populations. the average distance between samples was 72 km. the sampling points traversed an ecological cline in terms of rainfall and riverine forest ecotype, along a river loop that enlarged ... | 2010 | 20141594 |
| population genetics as a tool to select tsetse control strategies: suppression or eradication of glossina palpalis gambiensis in the niayes of senegal. | the government of senegal has initiated the "projet de lutte contre les glossines dans les niayes" to remove the trypanosomosis problem from this area in a sustainable way. due to past failures to sustainably eradicate glossina palpalis gambiensis from the niayes area, controversies remain as to the best strategy implement, i.e. "eradication" versus "suppression." to inform this debate, we used population genetics to measure genetic differentiation between g. palpalis gambiensis from the niayes ... | 2010 | 20520795 |
| stratified entomological sampling in preparation for an area-wide integrated pest management program: the example of glossina palpalis gambiensis (diptera: glossinidae) in the niayes of senegal. | the riverine tsetse species glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank 1949 (diptera: glossinidae) inhabits riparian forests along river systems in west africa. the government of senegal has embarked on a project to eliminate this tsetse species, and african animal trypanosomoses, from the niayes area using an area-wide integrated pest management approach. a stratified entomological sampling strategy was therefore developed using spatial analytical tools and mathematical modeling. a preliminary ph ... | 2010 | 20695269 |
| the prevalence of african animal trypanosomoses and tsetse presence in western senegal. | in 2005, the government of senegal initiated a tsetse eradication campaign in the niayes and la petite côte aiming at the removal of african animal trypanosomosis (aat), which is one of the main constraints to the development of more effective cattle production systems. the target area has particular meteorological and ecological characteristics that provide great potential for animal production, but it is unfortunately still infested by the riverine tsetse species glossina palpalis gambiensis v ... | 2010 | 21073148 |
| spatio-temporal distribution of tsetse and other biting flies in the mouhoun river basin, burkina faso. | in the mouhoun river basin, burkina faso, the main vectors of african animal trypanosomoses are glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank and glossina tachinoides westwood (diptera: glossinidae), both of which are riverine tsetse species. the aim of our study was to understand the impact of landscape anthropogenic changes on the seasonal dynamics of vectors and associated trypanosomosis risk. three sites were selected on the basis of the level of disturbance of tsetse habitats and predominant tse ... | 2010 | 21198714 |
| progress towards the eradication of tsetse from the loos islands, guinea. | the tsetse fly glossina palpalis gambiensis is the main vector of sleeping sickness (human african trypanosomiasis - hat) in west africa, in particular in littoral guinea where this disease is currently very active. the loos islands constitute a small archipelago some 5 km from mainland guinea, where g. p. gambiensis is well known as a nuisance and potential disease vector by inhabitants of the three main islands, fotoba, room, and kassa. the national control program against hat of guinea has de ... | 2011 | 21310074 |
| bovine trypanosomosis in the upper west region of ghana: entomological, parasitological and serological cross-sectional surveys. | baseline surveys were conducted in the upper west region of ghana to assess the distribution and densities of tsetse species, as well as the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis. the entomological survey was designed to cover the suitable tsetse habitats along the three main rivers in the study area (i.e. black volta, kulpawn and sissili). results indicated the presence of glossina tachinoides in all three river basins, whilst glossina palpalis gambiensis was only found close to the southern limi ... | 2011 | 21550616 |
| trapping tsetse flies on water. | riverine tsetse flies such as glossina palpalis gambiensis and g. tachinoides are the vectors of human and animal trypanosomoses in west africa. despite intimate links between tsetse and water, to our knowledge there has never been any attempt to design trapping devices that would catch tsetse on water. in mangrove (guinea) one challenging issue is the tide, because height above the ground for a trap is a key factor affecting tsetse catches. the trap was mounted on the remains of an old wooden d ... | 2011 | 21678789 |
| Contrasting population structures of two vectors of African trypanosomoses in Burkina Faso: consequences for control. | African animal trypanosomosis is a major obstacle to the development of more efficient and sustainable livestock production systems in West Africa. Riverine tsetse species such as Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank and Glossina tachinoides Westwood are the major vectors. A wide variety of control tactics is available to manage these vectors, but their removal will in most cases only be sustainable if the control effort is targeting an entire tsetse population within a circumscribed area. | 2011 | 21738812 |
| towards an optimal design of target for tsetse control: comparisons of novel targets for the control of palpalis group tsetse in west africa. | tsetse flies of the palpalis group are the main vectors of sleeping sickness in africa. insecticide impregnated targets are one of the most effective tools for control. however, the cost of these devices still represents a constraint to their wider use. the objective was therefore to improve the cost effectiveness of currently used devices. | 2011 | 21949896 |
| epidemiology of sleeping sickness in boffa (guinea): where are the trypanosomes? | human african trypanosomiasis (hat) in west africa is a lethal, neglected disease caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by the tsetse glossina palpalis gambiensis. although the littoral part of guinea with its typical mangrove habitat is the most prevalent area in west africa, very few data are available on the epidemiology of the disease in such biotopes. as part of a hat elimination project in guinea, we carried a cross-sectional study of the distribution and abundance of people, ... | 2012 | 23272259 |
| immunogenicity and serological cross-reactivity of saliva proteins among different tsetse species. | tsetse are vectors of pathogenic trypanosomes, agents of human and animal trypanosomiasis in africa. components of tsetse saliva (sialome) are introduced into the mammalian host bite site during the blood feeding process and are important for tsetse's ability to feed efficiently, but can also influence disease transmission and serve as biomarkers for host exposure. we compared the sialome components from four tsetse species in two subgenera: subgenus morsitans: glossina morsitans morsitans (gmm) ... | 2015 | 26313460 |
| neemazal ® as a possible alternative control tool for malaria and african trypanosomiasis? | research efforts to identify possible alternative control tools for malaria and african trypanosomiasis are needed. one promising approach relies on the use of traditional plant remedies with insecticidal activities. | 2016 | 27146309 |
| differential expression of midgut proteins in trypanosoma brucei gambiense-stimulated vs. non-stimulated glossina palpalis gambiensis flies. | the unicellular pathogenic protozoan trypanosoma brucei gambiense is responsible for the chronic form of sleeping sickness. this vector-borne disease is transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly of the group glossina palpalis, including the subspecies g. p. gambiensis, in which the parasite completes its developmental cycle. sleeping sickness control strategies can therefore target either the human host or the fly vector. indeed, suppression of one step in the parasite developmental cycle could ab ... | 2015 | 26029185 |
| laboratory evaluation of efficacy and persistence of a 1% w/w fipronil pour-on formulation (topline®) against glossina palpalis gambiensis, diptera: glossinidae. | one zebu bull of 365 kg live weight was treated along the back line with 36 ml of fipronil as a pour-on formulation. long-lasting mortalities of glossina palpalis gambiensis were recorded despite exposure to sunlight and regular rinsing with 50 l of water during the following 5 months. significantly higher mortalities were still observed even 140, 170 and 190 days after treatment following their triple releases or triple feeding of caged tsetse on the treated bull. mortalities of 70, 80 and 44%, ... | 2015 | 25944739 |
| rna-seq de novo assembly reveals differential gene expression in glossina palpalis gambiensis infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense vs. non-infected and self-cured flies. | trypanosoma brucei gambiense (tbg), causing the sleeping sickness chronic form, completes its developmental cycle within the tsetse fly vector glossina palpalis gambiensis (gpg) before its transmission to humans. within the framework of an anti-vector disease control strategy, a global gene expression profiling of trypanosome infected (susceptible), non-infected, and self-cured (refractory) tsetse flies was performed, on their midguts, to determine differential genes expression resulting from in ... | 2015 | 26617594 |
| comparative gene expression of wigglesworthia inhabiting non-infected and trypanosoma brucei gambiense-infected glossina palpalis gambiensis flies. | tsetse flies (glossina sp.) that transmit trypanosomes causing human (and animal) african trypanosomiasis (hat and aat, respectively) harbor symbiotic microorganisms, including the obligate primary symbiont wigglesworthia glossinidia. a relationship between wigglesworthia and tsetse fly infection by trypanosomes has been suggested, as removal of the symbiont results in a higher susceptibility to midgut infection in adult flies. to investigate this relationship and to decipher the role of w. glos ... | 2014 | 25452752 |
| influence of temperature and relative humidity on survival and fecundity of three tsetse strains. | tsetse flies occur in much of sub-saharan africa where they are vectors of trypanosomes that cause human and animal african trypanosomosis. the sterile insect technique (sit) is currently used to eliminate tsetse fly populations in an area-wide integrated pest management (aw-ipm) context in senegal and ethiopia. three glossina palpalis gambiensis strains [originating from burkina faso (bkf), senegal (sen) and an introgressed strain (senbkf)] were established and are now available for use in futu ... | 2016 | 27682638 |
| decrease in survival and fecundity of glossina palpalis gambiensis vanderplank 1949 (diptera: glossinidae) fed on cattle treated with single doses of ivermectin. | human and animal trypanosomes are major problems for the socio-economic growth of developing countries like burkina faso. ivermectin is currently used to treat humans in mass drug administration programs in africa, and is also commonly used for veterinary purposes. in this study, we tested the effect of ivermectin injected into cattle on the survival and fecundity of glossina palpalis gambiensis, the main vector of human and animal trypanosomes in west africa. | 2013 | 23741989 |
| technical data of the transcriptomic analysis performed on tsetse fly symbionts, sodalis glossinidius and wigglesworthia glossinidia, harbored, respectively by non-infected, trypanosoma brucei gambiense infected and self-cured glossina palpalis gambiensis tsetse flies. | microarray is a powerful and cheap method to identify and quantify gene expression in particular in a mix of total rna extracted from biological samples such as the tsetse fly gut, including several organisms (here, the fly tissue and the intestinal microorganisms). besides, biostatistics and bioinformatics allow comparing the transcriptomes from samples collected from differently treated flies, and thus to identify and quantify differential expressed genes. here, we describe in details a whole ... | 2015 | 26484198 |
| the transcriptional signatures of sodalis glossinidius in the glossina palpalis gambiensis flies negative for trypanosoma brucei gambiense contrast with those of this symbiont in tsetse flies positive for the parasite: possible involvement of a sodalis-hosted prophage in fly trypanosoma refractoriness? | tsetse flies, such as glossina palpalis gambiensis, are blood-feeding insects that could be subverted as hosts of the parasite trypanosoma brucei gambiense: initiated in the tsetse fly mid gut, the developmental program of this parasite further proceeds in the salivary glands. the flies act as vectors of this human-invasive parasite when their salivary glands sustain the generation of metacyclic trypomastigotes, the exclusive morphotypes pre-programmed to further develop in the human individuals ... | 2014 | 24637266 |
| population dynamics of glossina palpalis gambiensis symbionts, sodalis glossinidius, and wigglesworthia glossinidia, throughout host-fly development. | the tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae), the vector of trypanosomes causing human and animal trypanosomiasis, harbors symbiotic microorganisms including the primary symbiont wigglesworthia glossinidia, involved in the fly's nutrition and fertility, and the secondary symbiont sodalis glossinidius, involved in the trypanosome establishment in the fly's midgut. both symbionts are maternally transmitted to the intrauterine progeny through the fly's milk gland secretions. in this study, we investigated ... | 2013 | 23107774 |