| antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey-origin coronaviruses, bovine coronaviruses, and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens. | in earlier studies in our laboratory, we found that bovine coronavirus (bcv) was pathogenic for 1-day-old turkey poults. this finding prompted us to study the antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey origin coronaviruses (tocvs) to bcv. a one-step reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting a 730-base pair fragment of the nucleocapsid (n) gene of bcv and a nested pcr targeting a 407-base pair fragment of the n gene were used in an attempt to detect tocv from north car ... | 2001 | 11785902 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the rna2 of the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus. | the complete sequence of genomic rna2 of tomato chlorosis virus (tocv; genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae), isolate at80/99 from spain, was determined and compared with those from the other members of the genus sequenced to date. rna2 is 8244 nucleotides (nt) long and putatively encodes nine orfs that encompass the hallmark gene array of the family closteroviridae, which includes a heat shock protein 70 family homologue, a 59 kda protein, the coat protein, and a diverged coat protein. phyl ... | 2006 | 16374719 |
| complete sequence of the rna1 of a european isolate of tomato chlorosis virus. | | 2007 | 17164961 |
| tomato chlorosis virus: a new whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus of tomato. | abstract tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) is the second whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus described infecting tomato. tocv is distinct from tomato infectious chlorosis virus (ticv), based on lack of serological and nucleic acid cross-reactions and differences in vector specificity. ticv is transmitted only by the greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum), whereas tocv is transmitted by the greenhouse whitefly, the banded-wing whitefly (t. abutilonea), and bemisia t ... | 1998 | 18944918 |
| co-infection by two criniviruses alters accumulation of each virus in a host-specific manner and influences efficiency of virus transmission. | tomato chlorosis virus (tocv), and tomato infectious chlorosis virus (ticv), family closteroviridae, genus crinivirus, cause interveinal chlorosis, leaf brittleness, and limited necrotic flecking or bronzing on tomato leaves. both viruses cause a decline in plant vigor and reduce fruit yield, and are emerging as serious production problems for field and greenhouse tomato growers in many parts of the world. the viruses have been found together in tomato, indicating that infection by one criniviru ... | 2008 | 19000010 |
| cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus p25 is a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing. | post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) degrades rna in a sequence-specific manner and is utilised by plants as a natural defence mechanism against virus invaders. two members of the genus crinivirus have been reported to encode suppressors and counter ptgs: sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus p22 and tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) p22, coat protein and coat protein minor. using an agrobacterium-mediated transient assay on nicotiana benthamiana wildtype and 16c plants, we screened four cucurbit ... | 2009 | 19540278 |
| populations of genomic rnas devoted to the replication or spread of a bipartite plant virus differ in genetic structure. | rna viruses within a host exist as dynamic distributions of closely related mutants and recombinant genomes. these closely related mutants and recombinant genomes, which are subjected to a continuous process of genetic variation, competition, and selection, act as a unit of selection, termed viral quasispecies. characterization of mutant spectra within hosts is essential for understanding viral evolution and pathogenesis resulting from the cooperative behavior of viral mutants within viral quasi ... | 2009 | 19793810 |
| resistance to tomato chlorosis virus in wild tomato species that impair virus accumulation and disease symptom expression. | tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) (genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) is an emerging threat to tomato crops worldwide. although symptoms on fruits are not obvious, yield losses occur through decreased fruit size and number. control of tocv epidemics is difficult because the virus is transmitted by several whitefly vector species and its relatively wide host range facilitates establishment in local wild reservoirs. therefore, breeding for tocv resistance offers the best control alternative. ho ... | 2010 | 20465414 |
| histochemical visualization of ros and antioxidant response to viral infections of vegetable crops grown in azerbaijan. | extremes of environmental conditions, such as biotic stresses, strongly affect plant growth and development and may adversely affect photosynthetic process. virus infection is especially problematic in crops, because unlike other diseases, its impact cannot be reduced by phytosanitary treatments. the vegetable crops (solanum lycopеrsicum l, cucurbita melo l., cucumis sativus l., piper longum l., solánum melongéna l., vicia faba l.) showing virus-like symptoms were collected from fields located i ... | 2014 | 24661407 |
| simultaneous detection of the seven main tomato-infecting rna viruses by two multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. | cucumber mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, tomato mosaic virus, tomato chlorosis virus, pepino mosaic virus, torrado tomato virus and tomato infectious chlorosis virus cause serious damage and significant economic losses in tomato crops worldwide. the early detection of these pathogens is essential for preventing the viruses from spreading and improving their control. in this study, a procedure based on two multiplex rt-pcrs was developed for the sensitive and reliable detection of these ... | 2012 | 22939978 |
| major tomato viruses in the mediterranean basin. | tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) originated in south america and was brought to europe by the spaniards in the sixteenth century following their colonization of mexico. from europe, tomato was introduced to north america in the eighteenth century. tomato plants show a wide climatic tolerance and are grown in both tropical and temperate regions around the world. the climatic conditions in the mediterranean basin favor tomato cultivation, where it is traditionally produced as an open-field plant. ... | 2012 | 22682165 |
| the p22 rna silencing suppressor of the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus preferentially binds long dsrnas preventing them from cleavage. | viruses encode silencing suppressor proteins to counteract rna silencing. because dsrna plays a key role in silencing, a general silencing suppressor strategy is dsrna binding. the p22 suppressor of the plant virus tomato chlorosis virus (tocv; genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) has been described as having one of the longest lasting local suppressor activities. however, the mechanism of action of p22 has not been characterized. here, we show that tocv p22 binds long dsrnas in vitro, thus ... | 2016 | 26629953 |
| genetic diversity and silencing suppression activity of the p22 protein of tomato chlorosis virus isolates from tomato and sweet pepper. | as for other bipartite criniviruses (genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae), the genome of tomato chlorosis virus encodes an rna silencing suppressor, the protein p22, in the 3'-proximal region of rna1. this protein has been reported as having one of the longest lasting local suppressor activities when transiently expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. here, we examined the genetic diversity of the p22 gene in tocv isolates from tomato and sweet pepper. the p22 gene sequences clearly grouped int ... | 2015 | 26334965 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting tomato chlorosis virus. | a betaine-free reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed and optimised for detecting tomato chlorosis virus (tocv), one of the most important viruses that infect tomato crops worldwide. a set of four specific primers was designed against the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene. the betaine-free rt-lamp procedure could be completed within 40 min under isothermal conditions at 60 °c without a thermal cycler, and no cross-reactivity was seen wit ... | 2015 | 25486081 |
| stylet penetration activities of the whitefly bemisia tabaci associated with inoculation of the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus. | bemisiatabaci is an important vector of numerous plant viruses, including the emergent semi-persistently transmitted crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (tocv). its vector feeding behaviour is complex, with important implications for virus transmission, epidemiology and control. thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of the stylet penetration activities of b. tabaci in the inoculation of tocv in tomatoes by using the electrical penetration graph (epg) technique. epg recordin ... | 2017 | 28613151 |
| efficient transmission and propagation of tomato chlorosis virus by simple single-leaflet grafting. | tomato chlorosis virus (tocv), a member of the genus crinivirus, has caused an epidemic disease in tomato worldwide. tocv is phloem-limited and transmitted by whiteflies in a semi-persistent manner, but not by mechanical inoculation. experimental propagation of tocv has been performed primarily by using whitefly-mediated inoculation. to develop a simple and convenient method for transmission of tocv, we investigated grafting single-leaflets from tomato plants infected with tocv to recipient toma ... | 2017 | 28592953 |
| transcriptome analysis of the whitefly, bemisia tabaci meam1 during feeding on tomato infected with the crinivirus, tomato chlorosis virus, identifies a temporal shift in gene expression and differential regulation of novel orphan genes. | whiteflies threaten agricultural crop production worldwide, are polyphagous in nature, and transmit hundreds of plant viruses. little is known how whitefly gene expression is altered due to feeding on plants infected with a semipersistently transmitted virus. tomato chlorosis virus (tocv; genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) is transmitted by the whitefly (bemisia tabaci) in a semipersistent manner and infects several globally important agricultural and ornamental crops, including tomato. | 2017 | 28494755 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of tomato chlorosis virus. | the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) was discovered initially in diseased tomato and has since been identified as a serious problem for tomato production in many parts of the world, particularly in the united states, europe and southeast asia. the complete nucleotide sequence of tocv was determined and compared with related crinivirus species. rna 1 is organized into four open reading frames (orfs), and encodes proteins involved in replication, based on homology to other viral replicatio ... | 2005 | 16003497 |
| epidemiology and genetic diversity of criniviruses associated with tomato yellows disease in greece. | tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) and tomato infectious chlorosis virus (ticv) are two whitefly transmitted viruses which are classified in the genus crinivirus of the family closteroviridae. both induce similar yellowing symptoms in tomato and are responsible for severe economic losses. tocv is transmitted by bemisia tabaci gennadious, trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood and trialeurodes abutilonea haldeman, whereas ticv is transmitted only by t. vaporariorum. an extensive study was conducted during ... | 2014 | 24370865 |
| the p22 rna silencing suppressor of the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus is dispensable for local viral replication but important for counteracting an antiviral rdr6-mediated response during systemic infection. | among the components of the rna silencing pathway in plants, rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs) play fundamental roles in antiviral defence. here, we demonstrate that the nicotiana benthamiana rdr6 is involved in defence against the bipartite crinivirus (genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) tomato chlorosis virus (tocv). additionally, by producing a p22-deficient tocv infectious mutant clone (tocvδp22), we studied the role of this viral suppressor of rna silencing in viral infection in bo ... | 2016 | 27367718 |
| tomato infection by whitefly-transmitted circulative and non-circulative viruses induce contrasting changes in plant volatiles and vector behaviour. | virus infection frequently modifies plant phenotypes, leading to changes in behaviour and performance of their insect vectors in a way that transmission is enhanced, although this may not always be the case. here, we investigated bemisia tabaci response to tomato plants infected by tomato chlorosis virus (tocv), a non-circulative-transmitted crinivirus, and tomato severe rugose virus (tosrv), a circulative-transmitted begomovirus. moreover, we examined the role of visual and olfactory cues in ho ... | 2016 | 27529271 |
| p22 of tomato chlorosis virus, an rna silencing suppressor, is naturally expressed in the infected plant. | | 2017 | 27928924 |
| effects of the crinivirus coat protein-interacting plant protein sahh on post-transcriptional rna silencing and its suppression. | in plants, post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) is a sequence-specific mechanism of rna degradation induced by double-stranded rna (dsrna), which is processed into small interfering rnas (sirnas). sirnas are methylated and, thereby, stabilized by the activity of the s-adenosylmethionine-dependent rna methyltransferase hen1. ptgs is amplified by host-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdr), which generate dsrna that is processed into secondary sirnas. to counteract this rna silencing-me ... | 2013 | 23697374 |
| rapid discrimination of tomato chlorosis virus, tomato infectious chlorosis virus and co-amplification of plant internal control using real-time rt-pcr. | tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) and tomato infectious chlorosis virus (ticv) (genus: crinivirus, family: closteroviridae) are two emergent whitefly-transmitted viruses that have been associated with yellowing symptoms of tomato crops during the last two decades. a real-time, one-step reverse transcription (rt) taqman(®) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed and optimized for the multiplex detection of ticv, tocv and an internal control of mitochondrion cytochrome oxidase subunit i ( ... | 2011 | 21663765 |
| synergistic interaction between tomato chlorosis virus and tomato spotted wilt virus results in breakdown of resistance in tomato. | abstract multiple viral infections frequently are found in single plants of cultivated and wild hosts in nature, with unpredictable pathological consequences. synergistic reactions were observed in mixed infections in tomato plants doubly infected with the positive-sense and phloem-limited single-stranded rna (ssrna) crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) and the negative-sense ssrna tospovirus tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). synergism in a tomato cultivar susceptible to both viruses resulte ... | 2006 | 18943964 |
| multiple suppressors of rna silencing encoded by both genomic rnas of the crinivirus, tomato chlorosis virus. | viruses express proteins with silencing suppression activity to counteract the rna silencing-mediated defense response of the host. in the family closteroviridae, examples of multiple-component rna silencing suppression systems have been reported. to ascertain if this is a general strategy in this group of viruses, we have explored the bipartite genome of tomato chlorosis virus (tocv, genus crinivirus). we have identified the rna1-encoded p22 protein as an effective silencing suppressor by using ... | 2008 | 18644612 |
| characterization and full genome sequence analysis of a chinese isolate of tomato chlorosis virus. | crinivirus; complete nucleotide sequence; tomato; sequence analysis. | 2014 | 24717034 |
| infectious cdna clones of the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus are competent for systemic plant infection and whitefly-transmission. | tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) (genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) causes important emergent diseases in tomato and other solanaceous crops. tocv is not transmitted mechanically and is naturally transmitted by whiteflies. the tocv genome consists of two molecules of linear, positive-sense rna encapsidated into long flexuous virions. we present the construction of full-length cdna clones of the tocv genome (rna1 and rna2) fused to the sp6 rna polymerase promoter and under the control of the ... | 2014 | 25113907 |
| advanced loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for sensitive and specific detection of tomato chlorosis virus using a uracil dna glycosylase to control carry-over contamination. | in 2013, tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) was identified in symptomatic tomato plants in korea. in the present study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method was developed using four specific primers designed against orf6 in tocv rna2 to detect tocv rapidly and with high sensitivity. the optimized reaction involved incubation of a reaction mixture containing 2u bst dna polymerase and 4mm mgso4 for 1h at 60-62 °c. although specific and rapid detection of tocv by lamp was confirmed, fa ... | 2015 | 25483127 |