| seasonal and interannual variability of canopy transpiration of a hedgerow in southern england. | transpiration from a hawthorn (crataegus monogyna l.) dominated hedgerow in southern england was measured continuously over two growing seasons by the sap flow technique. accompanying measurements of structural parameters, microclimate and leaf stomatal and boundary layer conductances were used to establish the driving factors of hedgerow transpiration. observed transpiration rates, reaching peak values of around 8 mm day(-1) and a seasonal mean of about 3.5 mm day(-1), were higher than those re ... | 2007 | 17241974 |
| uptake and transformation of benzene and toluene by plant leaves. | the [1-6(14)c]benzene and [1-(14)c]toluene vapors penetrate into hypostomatous leaves of acer campestre, malus domestica, and vitis vinifera from both sides, whereas hydrocarbons are more intensively absorbed by the stomatiferous side and more actively taken up by young leaves. benzene and toluene conversion in leaves occurs with the aromatic ring cleavage and their carbon atoms are mainly incorporated into nonvolatile organic acids, while their incorporation into amino acids is less intensive. ... | 1997 | 9212332 |
| the toxicity of zinc to terrestrial isopods in a "standard" laboratory test. | a method is described for assessing the effects of metals on the food consumption rate of isopods from measurements of fecal production. the effects of zinc in the diets of two isopod species, porcellio scaber and oniscus asellus, were tested. the metal was fed to the isopods on leaves of field maple (acer campestre) contaminated with concentrations ranging between 1000 and 10,000 micrograms zn g-1 leaf dry wt. significant reductions in feeding rates were observed of the highest concentrations o ... | 1995 | 7544260 |
| interspecific variation in bulk tissue, fatty acid and monosaccharide delta(13)c values of leaves from a mesotrophic grassland plant community. | the leaves of 37 grass, herb, shrub and tree species were collected from a mesotrophic grassland to assess natural variability in bulk, fatty acid and monosaccharide delta(13)c values of leaves from one plant community. the leaf tissue mean bulk delta(13)c value was -29.3 per thousand. no significant differences between tissue bulk delta(13)c values with life form were determined (p=0.40). on average, c(16:0), c(18:2) and c(18:3) constituted 89% of leaf tissue total fatty acids, whose delta(13)c ... | 2008 | 18539304 |
| introduction to distribution and ecology of sterile conks of inonotus obliquus. | inonotus obliquus is a fungus that causes white heart rot on several broad-leaved species. this fungus forms typical charcoal-black, sterile conks (chaga) or cinder conks on infected stems of the birche (betula spp). the dark brown pulp of the sterile conk is formed by a pure mycelial mass of fungus. chaga are a folk remedy in russia, reflecting the circumboreal distribution of i. obliquus in boreal forest ecosystems on betula spp. and in meridional mountain forests on beech (fagus spp.) in russ ... | 2008 | 23997626 |
| inhibitory effects on bacterial growth and beta-ketoacyl-acp reductase by different species of maple leaf extracts and tannic acid. | it is important to develop new antibiotics aimed at novel targets. the investigation found that the leaf extracts from five maples (acer platanoides, acer campestre, acer rubrum, acer saccharum and acer truncatum bunge collected in denmark, canada and china) and their component tannic acid displayed antibacterial ability against 24 standard bacteria strains with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3-8.0 mg/ml. unlike the standard antibiotic levofloxacin (lfx), these samples inhibited gram- ... | 2010 | 19444866 |
| effect of controlled inoculation with specific mycorrhizal fungi from the urban environment on growth and physiology of containerized shade tree species growing under different water regimes. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of selected mycorrhiza obtained in the urban environment on growth, leaf gas exchange, and drought tolerance of containerized plants growing in the nursery. two-year-old uniform acer campestre l., tilia cordata mill., and quercus robur l. were inoculated with a mixture of infected roots and mycelium of selected arbuscular (maple, linden) and/or ectomycorrhiza (linden, oak) fungi and grown in well-watered or water shortage conditions. plant biomass ... | 2011 | 21472449 |
| deposition of particulate matter of different size fractions on leaf surfaces and in waxes of urban forest species. | particulate matter (pm) is an air contaminant in urban and industrial areas that often exceeds limit values, creating serious problems due to its harmful effects on health. planting trees and shrubs as air filters is a way to improve air quality in these areas. however,further knowledge on species effectiveness in air purification is essential this study compared four species of tree (acer campestre l, fraxinus excelsior l, platanus x hispanica mill. ex muenchh. 'acerifolia', tilia cordata mill. ... | 2011 | 21972570 |
| ion-mediated enhancement of xylem hydraulic conductivity in four acer species: relationships with ecological and anatomical features. | the 'ionic effect', i.e., changes in xylem hydraulic conductivity (k(xyl)) due to variation of the ionic sap composition in vessels, was studied in four acer species growing in contrasting environments differing in water availability. hydraulic measurements of the ionic effect were performed together with measurements on the sap electrical conductivity, leaf water potential and vessel anatomy. the low ionic effect recorded in acer pseudoplatanus l. and acer campestre l. (15.8 and 14.7%, respecti ... | 2012 | 23138592 |
| elemental concentrations in deposited dust on leaves along an urbanization gradient. | environmental health is an essential component of the quality of life in modern societies. monitoring of environmental quality and the assessment of environmental risks are often species based on the elemental concentration of deposited dust. our result suggested that stomata size and distribution were the most important factors influencing the accumulation of air contaminants in leaves. we found that the leaves' surfaces of acer negundo and celtis occidentalis were covered by a large number of ... | 2014 | 24875264 |
| allergen of the month--field maple. | | 2014 | 25168225 |
| leaf gas exchange performance and the lethal water potential of five european species during drought. | establishing physiological thresholds to drought-induced mortality in a range of plant species is crucial in understanding how plants respond to severe drought. here, five common european tree species were selected (acer campestre l., acer pseudoplatanus l., carpinus betulus l., corylus avellana l. and fraxinus excelsior l.) to study their hydraulic thresholds to mortality. photosynthetic parameters during desiccation and the recovery of leaf gas exchange after rewatering were measured. stem vul ... | 2016 | 26614785 |
| hypoglycin a concentrations in maple tree species in the netherlands and the occurrence of atypical myopathy in horses. | atypical myopathy (am) in horses is caused by the plant toxin hypoglycin a, which in europe typically is found in the sycamore maple tree (acer pseudoplatanus). owners are concerned about whether their horses are in danger if they graze near maple trees. | 2016 | 26995161 |
| the role of seed bank in the dynamics of understorey in an oak forest in hungary. | we studied the potential role of seed bank in the dynamics of the understorey in a turkey oak-sessile oak forest (querceteum petraeae-cerris) in hungary. we used long-term records of the herb layer (1973-2006) and the seed bank composition of 2006 to assess the role of seed bank in the regeneration of herb layer. the total cover of herb layer decreased from 22% (1973) to 6% (1988), and remained low (<10%) till 2006; coinciding with the increasing cover of secondary canopy dominated by acer campe ... | 2010 | 21565769 |
| adult fecundity, host plant preferences, field activity and parasitism in the leaf weevil phyllobius pyri (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae). | adults of the leaf weevil phyllobius pyri (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae) feed on a wide variety of broadleaved trees and occasionally cause severe defoliation in newly established farm woodlands. there is little information, however, on the relative susceptibility of different tree species to damage or on the habitat associations of adults and larvae of p. pyri, which might indicate the conditions that predispose trees to attack. captures of adult p. pyri in emergence and flight traps in the c ... | 2010 | 19814848 |
| new and remarkable microfungi in north rhine westphalia, germany. | during our investigation on microfungi in north rhine westphalia in the years 2002 and 2003 we were able to collect and identify some new and rare species of microfungi as parasites and saprophytes on wild and ornamental plants. some of these like erysiphe elevata (burill.) u. braun & s. takamatsu comb. nov. [=microsphaera elevata burill.] on catalpa bignonioides walt., erysiphe syringae-japonicae (u. braun) u. braun & s. takamatsu [= microsphaera syringae-japonicae u. braun, m. aceris bunkina. ... | 2004 | 15756829 |
| deposition velocities to sorbus aria, acer campestre, populus deltoides x trichocarpa 'beaupré', pinus nigra and x cupressocyparis leylandii for coarse, fine and ultra-fine particles in the urban environment. | trees are effective in the capture of particles from urban air to the extent that they can significantly improve urban air quality. as a result of their aerodynamic properties conifers, with their smaller leaves and more complex shoot structures, have been shown to capture larger amounts of particle matter than broadleaved trees. this study focuses on the effects of particle size on the deposition velocity of particles (vg) to five urban tree species (coniferous and broadleaved) measured at two ... | 2005 | 15327866 |
| ecophysiological relevance of cuticular transpiration of deciduous and evergreen plants in relation to stomatal closure and leaf water potential. | the water permeability of the leaves of three deciduous plants (acer campestre, fagus sylvatica, quercus petraea) and two evergreen plants (hedera helix, ilex aquifolium) was analysed in order to assess its role as a mechanism of drought resistance. cuticular permeances were determined by measurement of the water loss through adaxial, astomatous leaf surfaces. minimum conductances after complete stomatal closure were obtained by leaf drying curves. the comparison of the water permeabilities dete ... | 2003 | 12815029 |
| carbon relations and competition between woody species in a central european hedgerow : i. photosynthetic characteristics. | the co2 uptake capacity of leaves of five competing woody species in an undisturbed developing central european hedgerow was investigated for possible factors determining competitive ability in the field. light-saturated maximal co2 uptake (a max) showed species-specific seasonal variations in prunus spinosa, a bushlike pioneer on fallow land, in crataegusxmacrocarpa and acer campestre, two treelike species dominating the canopy, in rubus corylifolius, a pioneer liane, and in ribes uva-crispa, a ... | 1984 | 28311448 |
| zinc, among a 'cocktail' of metal pollutants, is responsible for the absence of the terrestrial isopod porcellio scaber from the vicinity of a primary smelting works. | : porcellio scaber latreille (crustacea: isopoda) of one month in age were reared for a year on leaf litter of field maple (acer campestre) contaminated in the laboratory with a range of concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead or zinc. the metals were applied topically to the leaves as nitrates. growth and survival, numbers of live offspring produced by females that matured, and concentrations of metals in adult isopods at the end of the experiment were measured.'critical concentrations' of meta ... | 1994 | 24201867 |