| serological responses and immunity to superinfection with avian malaria in experimentally-infected hawaii amakihi. | six of seven hawaii amakihi (hemignathus virens) with chronic malarial infections had no increases in peripheral parasitemia, declines in food consumption, or loss of body weight when rechallenged with the homologous isolate of plasmodium relictum 61 to 62 days after initial infection. five uninfected control amakihi exposed at the same time to infective mosquito bites developed acute infections with high parasitemias. reductions in food consumption and loss of body weight occurred in all contro ... | 2001 | 11272498 |
| host population persistence in the face of introduced vector-borne diseases: hawaii amakihi and avian malaria. | the past quarter century has seen an unprecedented increase in the number of new and emerging infectious diseases throughout the world, with serious implications for human and wildlife populations. we examined host persistence in the face of introduced vector-borne diseases in hawaii, where introduced avian malaria and introduced vectors have had a negative impact on most populations of hawaiian forest birds for nearly a century. we studied birds, parasites, and vectors in nine study areas from ... | 2005 | 15668377 |
| genetic structure and evolved malaria resistance in hawaiian honeycreepers. | infectious diseases now threaten wildlife populations worldwide but population recovery following local extinction has rarely been observed. in such a case, do resistant individuals recolonize from a central remnant population, or do they spread from small, perhaps overlooked, populations of resistant individuals? introduced avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) has devastated low-elevation populations of native birds in hawaii, but at least one species (hawaii amakihi, hemignathus virens) that wa ... | 2007 | 17944845 |
| prevalence and distribution of pox-like lesions, avian malaria, and mosquito vectors in kipahulu valley, haleakala national park, hawai'i, usa. | we determined prevalence and altitudinal distribution of introduced avian malarial infections (plasmodium relictum) and pox-like lesions (avipoxvirus) in forest birds from kipahulu valley, haleakalā national park, on the island of maui, and we identified primary larval habitat for the mosquito vector of this disease. this intensively managed wilderness area and scientific reserve is one of the most pristine areas of native forest remaining in the state of hawai'i, and it will become increasingly ... | 2007 | 17984251 |
| experimental infection of hawai'i 'amakihi (hemignathus virens) with west nile virus and competence of a co-occurring vector, culex quinquefasciatus: potential impacts on endemic hawaiian avifauna. | introduced mosquito-borne avian disease is a major limiting factor in the recovery and restoration of native hawaiian forest birds. annual epizootics of avian pox (avipoxvirus) and avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) likely led to the extinction of some species and continue to impact populations of susceptible hawaiian honeycreepers (drepanidinae). the introduction of a novel pathogen, such as west nile virus (wnv), could result in further population declines and extinctions. during september an ... | 2009 | 19395735 |
| taqman real-time pcr detects avipoxvirus dna in blood of hawai'i 'amakihi (hemignathus virens). | avipoxvirus sp. is a significant threat to endemic bird populations on several groups of islands worldwide, including hawai'i, the galapagos islands, and the canary islands. accurate identification and genotyping of avipoxvirus is critical to the study of this disease and how it interacts with other pathogens, but currently available methods rely on invasive sampling of pox-like lesions and may be especially harmful in smaller birds. | 2010 | 20523726 |
| reversion to virulence and efficacy of an attenuated canarypox vaccine in hawai'i 'amakihi (hemignathus virens). | vaccines may be effective tools for protecting small populations of highly susceptible endangered, captive-reared, or translocated hawaiian honeycreepers from introduced avipoxvirus, but their efficacy has not been evaluated. an attenuated canarypox vaccine that is genetically similar to one of two passerine avipoxvirus isolates from hawai'i and distinct from fowlpox was tested to evaluate whether hawai'i 'amakihi (hemignathus virens) can be protected from wild isolates of avipoxvirus from the h ... | 2012 | 23272348 |
| genetic structure along an elevational gradient in hawaiian honeycreepers reveals contrasting evolutionary responses to avian malaria. | the hawaiian honeycreepers (drepanidinae) are one of the best-known examples of an adaptive radiation, but their persistence today is threatened by the introduction of exotic pathogens and their vector, the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. historically, species such as the amakihi (hemignathus virens), the apapane (himatione sanguinea), and the iiwi (vestiaria coccinea) were found from the coastal lowlands to the high elevation forests, but by the late 1800's they had become extremely rare in ha ... | 2008 | 19014596 |
| analysis of the trap gene provides evidence for the role of elevation and vector abundance in the genetic diversity of plasmodium relictum in hawaii. | the avian disease system in hawaii offers an ideal opportunity to investigate host-pathogen interactions in a natural setting. previous studies have recognized only a single mitochondrial lineage of avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) in the hawaiian islands, but cloning and sequencing of nuclear genes suggest a higher degree of genetic diversity. | 2012 | 22943788 |
| characterization of class ii β chain major histocompatibility complex genes in a family of hawaiian honeycreepers: 'amakihi (hemignathus virens). | hawaiian honeycreepers (drepanidinae) have evolved in the absence of mosquitoes for over five million years. through human activity, mosquitoes were introduced to the hawaiian archipelago less than 200 years ago. mosquito-vectored diseases such as avian malaria caused by plasmodium relictum and avipoxviruses have greatly impacted these vulnerable species. susceptibility to these diseases is variable among and within species. due to their function in adaptive immunity, the role of major histocomp ... | 2016 | 26971289 |
| experimental evidence for evolved tolerance to avian malaria in a wild population of low elevation hawai'i 'amakihi (hemignathus virens). | introduced vector-borne diseases, particularly avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) and avian pox virus (avipoxvirus spp.), continue to play significant roles in the decline and extinction of native forest birds in the hawaiian islands. hawaiian honeycreepers are particularly susceptible to avian malaria and have survived into this century largely because of persistence of high elevation refugia on kaua'i, maui, and hawai'i islands, where transmission is limited by cool temperatures. the long ter ... | 2013 | 24430825 |
| next-generation sequencing reveals cryptic mtdna diversity of plasmodium relictum in the hawaiian islands. | next-generation 454 sequencing techniques were used to re-examine diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages of avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) in hawaii. we document a minimum of 23 variant lineages of the parasite based on single nucleotide transitional changes, in addition to the previously reported single lineage (grw4). a new, publicly available portal (integroomer) was developed for initial parsing of 454 datasets. mean variant prevalence and frequency was higher in low elevation ... | 2013 | 23953131 |
| po'ouli landscape bioinformatics models predict energetics, behavior, diets, and distribution on maui. | this study uses a spatially explicit microclimate/biophysical approach to examine the potential distribution of the po'ouli on maui to find either new habitats to search for existence or refine search efforts in previously occupied areas. we used specific physiological and behavioral ecology bird data, and po'ouli morphological and spectral data obtained from museum specimens to address ecological and conservation-related questions about the po'ouli that are otherwise very difficult to quantify. ... | 2006 | 21672814 |
| bioacoustics for species management: two case studies with a hawaiian forest bird. | the management of animal endangered species requires detailed information on their distribution and abundance, which is often hard to obtain. when animals communicate using sounds, one option is to use automatic sound recorders to gather information on the species for long periods of time with low effort. one drawback of this method is that processing all the information manually requires large amounts of time and effort. our objective was to create a relatively "user-friendly" (i.e., that does ... | 2015 | 26668733 |
| genomic resources for the endangered hawaiian honeycreepers. | the hawaiian honeycreepers are an avian adaptive radiation containing many endangered and extinct species. they display a dramatic range of phenotypic variation and are a model system for studies of evolution, conservation, disease dynamics and population genetics. development of a genome-scale resources for this group would augment the quality of research focusing on hawaiian honeycreepers and facilitate comparative avian genomic research. | 2014 | 25496081 |
| knemidokoptic mange in hawai'i' amakihi (hemignathus virens) on the island of hawai'i. | lesions resembling knemidokoptic mange on the feet and tarsometatarsi of two hawai'i' amakihi (hemignathus virens) were observed while the researchers were mist-netting wild passerines at manuka natural area reserve on the island of hawai'i between 14 june 2007 and 19 june 2007. during subsequent mist-netting from september 2007 through february 2008, we found 26% (7/27) of the hawai'i' amakihi caught were similarly affected. microscopic examination of skin scrapings from lesions of affected ind ... | 2009 | 19395759 |