| trace elements accumulation and their variations with growth, sex and habitat: effects on formosan squirrel (callosciurus erythraeus). | formosan squirrels are considered a useful bio-indicator because their habitat exists within that of humans. therefore, concentrations of 19 trace elements were determined in tissues of this species for assessment of environmental pollution in urban kamakura and rural izuohshima. results of analyses revealed high cu concentrations in the livers of formosan squirrels. moreover, concentrations of some trace elements from automobile exhausts-v, zn, cu and as-in the specimens from kamakura were high ... | 2006 | 16494926 |
| ectoparasites of the pallas squirrel, callosciurus erythraeus, introduced to japan. | the squirrel callosciurus erythraeus (pallas) (rodentia: sciuridae) was intentionally introduced to japan in 1935 and has become established throughout much of the country. although they live mainly in forests, pallas squirrels come into gardens and are frequently fed by people or kept as pets, so their ectoparasites could be of potential medical as well as veterinary importance. during 2001-2003 we conducted the first ectoparasite survey of pallas squirrels in japan. from 105 c. erythraeus capt ... | 2004 | 15009447 |
| native and introduced squirrels in italy host different cryptosporidium spp. | the present study was undertaken to describe cryptosporidium spp. infection in tree squirrels from 17 locations in northern italy. a total of 357 squirrels were examined, including species native to europe (sciurus vulgaris; n=123), and species introduced from north america (sciurus carolinensis; n=162) and southeast asia (callosciurus erythraeus; n=72). faecal samples of all squirrels were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium infection by microscopy (flotation method) and pcr/sequence a ... | 2017 | 28992520 |
| diversity and host specificity of coccidia (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) in native and introduced squirrel species. | introduction of alien species into new areas can have detrimental effects on native ecosystems and impact the native species. the present study aims to identify coccidia infecting native and introduced squirrels in italy, to gain insight into possible transmission patterns and role of monoxenous coccidia in mediating the competition between alien and native hosts. we collected 540 faecal samples of native red squirrels, sciurus vulgaris, invasive alien grey squirrels, s. carolinensis, and introd ... | 2016 | 27268408 |
| correction: first report of the human-pathogenic enterocytozoon bieneusi from red-bellied tree squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus) in sichuan, china. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163605.]. | 2016 | 27992597 |
| macroparasites of pallas's squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus) introduced into europe. | introduced pets released in natura can lead to sanitary risks for native fauna and humans. we analysed the macroparasite fauna of a total of 49 pallas's squirrels, callosciurus erythraeus, from two populations introduced into urbanised areas in europe (n=16 female symbol and 13 male symbol from antibes, france, 43 degrees 33'n-7 degrees 7'e; n=11 female symbol and 9 male symbol in from dadizele, belgium, 50 degrees 52'n-3 degrees 5'e). of the 185 identified ectoparasites from antibes, 183 were s ... | 2010 | 20493636 |
| comparative morphology of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in the tongue of pallas's squirrel (callosciurus erythraeus thai, kloss, 1917). | we observed the morphology of the papilla linguae (filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate) and underlying connective tissue cores (ctcs) in pallas's squirrel (callosciurus erythraeus thai) using light and scanning electron microscopy. the tongue was caudally elongated and lacked the lingual torus. filiform papillae were densely distributed along the dorsal surface of the apex, and the rostral and caudal parts of the corpus, but were attenuated in the lingual root. two or three vallate papilla ... | 2018 | 30079839 |
| changes in copper, zinc and cadmium distributions in the liver of formosan squirrels with characteristic high copper accumulation. | we discovered previously that formosan squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus) accumulate copper (cu) in their livers at levels averaging 1700 μg per dry g (approximately 420 μg per wet g). in the current study, we investigated the relationship between cu accumulation and hepatic injury, and we determined the distribution and chemical form of cu in the liver supernatant. in particular, we explored the role of metallothionein in the liver supernatant. we observed no significant differences in hepatic ... | 2019 | 31528898 |
| british red squirrels remain the only known wild rodent host for leprosy bacilli. | eurasian red squirrels (sciurus vulgaris) in the british isles are the most recently discovered animal reservoir for the leprosy bacteria mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepromatosis. initial data suggest that prevalence of leprosy infection is variable and often low in different squirrel populations. nothing is known about the presence of leprosy bacilli in other wild squirrel species despite two others (siberian chipmunk [tamias sibiricus], and thirteen-lined ground squirrel [ictidomys ... | 2019 | 30775369 |
| floral traits of mammal-pollinated mucuna macrocarpa (fabaceae): implications for generalist-like pollination systems. | floral traits are adapted by plants to attract pollinators. some of those plants that have different pollinators in different regions adapt to each pollinator in each region to maximize their pollination success. mucuna macrocarpa (fabaceae) limits the pollinators using its floral structure and is pollinated by different mammals in different regions. here, we examine the relationships between floral traits of m. macrocarpa and the external morphology of mammalian pollinators in different regions ... | 2018 | 30250727 |
| the histological changes in the testis, epididymis and prostate gland of the red-bellied tree squirrel, callosciurus erythraeus, during the growth and reproductive cycle. | the male reproductive glands of the red-bellied tree squirrel, callosciurus erythraeus, in the infantile, and prepubertal males, as well as sexually functional, degenerating and redeveloping adults were studied histologically. in the infant, testes are characterized with solid seminiferous tubules filled with primordial germ cells and sertoli cells. interstitial cells are sparse. the prostate is composed of condensed cell cords grouped into lobules dispersed with interlobular tissues rich in fib ... | 1985 | 4070510 |
| retinal projections in the red belly squirrel (callosciurus erythraeus roberti): an autoradiographic study. | tritiated labeled materials, [3h]proline and [3h]fucose, were used as tracers of the visual pathway by injection into the right eve of the red belly squirrel, after a designated survival period, the animals were sacrificed, and the brains were removed and processed using standard autoradiographic procedures. sections were then examined under a microscope and some subcortical nuclei including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn), dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei(dlgn and vlgn), three opt ... | 1988 | 3244815 |
| spacing and kinship in the formosan squirrel living in different habitats. | spacing and kinship of the formosan squirrel, callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis, were studied in two different habitats. one, native habitat in the woods of kenting, southern formosa, was rich in available food throughout the year and had several species of predators. the other, a site in kamakura, central japan where squirrels had been introduced, had relatively scanty food and few potential predators. 1. home ranges among males and between sexes overlapped extensively in both habitats. 2. f ... | 1989 | 23921399 |
| the first record of sucking louse, neohaematopinus callosciuri, infesting pallas squirrels in japan. | a species of sucking louse, neohaematopinus callosciuri, was found for the first time in japan. the species was found on an invasive species of squirrel, pallas squirrel, callosciurus erythraeus, in the kamakura district, kanagawa prefecture, japan. a total of 52 lice were obtained from 22 of 104 squirrels captured. the lice were about three times more prevalent in male squirrels than in females and were detected most frequently in the winter. as n. callosciuri has never been reported on wild an ... | 2004 | 15107570 |
| accumulation of trace elements used in semiconductor industry in formosan squirrel, as a bio-indicator of their exposure, living in taiwan. | concentrations of 17 trace elements were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (icp-ms) in formosan squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus) of taiwan and japan to document trace element pollution in taiwan. high concentrations of elements used to produce semiconductors - ga, as, cd, in and tl - were found in animals captured in miaoli county, which is the nearest site to hsinchu city, a chief city of taiwan's semiconductor industry. significant correlations between ga, as, in a ... | 2007 | 17482235 |
| a new rhabditoid nematode species in asian sciurids, distinct from strongyloides robustus in north american sciurids. | strongyloides callosciureus n. sp. (nematoda: rhabditoidea), from asian sciurids, is described based on morphology, morphometry, and the small and large subunit (ssu/lsu) ribosomal rna gene (rdna) sequences. this new species was collected from pallas's squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus) in the central part of mainland japan (honshu), which were originally introduced from taiwan some decades ago, and plantain squirrels (callosciurus notatus) imported from malaysia as personal pets. for compariso ... | 2007 | 18314696 |
| small mammal investigation in spotted fever focus with dna-barcoding and taxonomic implications on rodents species from hainan of china. | although mammals are a well-studied group of animals, making accurate field identification of small mammals is still complex because of morphological variation across developmental stages, color variation of pelages, and often damaged osteological and dental characteristics. in 2008, small mammals were collected for an epidemiological study of a spotted fever outbreak in hainan, china. ten species of small mammals were identified by morphological characters in the field, most using pelage color ... | 2012 | 22952689 |
| arthropod parasites of the red-bellied squirrel callosciurus erythraeus introduced into argentina. | the introduction of an exotic species usually modifies parasite-host dynamics by the import of new parasites or the exotic species' acquiral of local parasites. the loss of parasites may determine the outcome of an invasion if the introduced species is liberated from co-evolved parasites in its range of invasion. in addition, an introduced species may pose sanitary risks to humans and other mammals if it serves as a reservoir of pathogens or carries arthropod vectors. the red-bellied squirrel, c ... | 2013 | 23252828 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the pallas's squirrel callosciurus erythraeus (rodentia: sciuridae). | the complete mitochondrial genome of pallas's squirrel (callosciurus erythraeus) from sichuan province was sequenced and characterized in detail. it was 16,550 bp in length and composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trnas, 2 rrnas and 1 control region. the mitochondrial genome of c. erythraeus presented in this report will be useful for species identification, genetic variability and clarifying the controversial taxonomic status of genus callosciurus. | 2016 | 25319295 |
| novel cyclovirus detected in the intestinal contents of taiwan squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis). | a novel cyclovirus was identified in the intestinal contents of taiwan squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis) collected in kanagawa prefecture, japan, by metagenomic analysis, and was named taiwan squirrel cyclovirus-1 (tscyv-1). phylogenetic analysis showed that tscyv-1 formed a branch separate from other representative cyclovirus strains. tscyv-1 is considered to be a new species in the genus cyclovirus because the criteria for demarcation of cyclovirus species is proposed as nucleot ... | 2015 | 26089292 |
| preventing species invasion: a role for integrative taxonomy? | integrative taxonomy, a multi-disciplinary approach adding modern techniques to traditional morphology-based methods (e.g. molecular and morphological criteria), can play an important role in bioinvasion research to identify introduced taxa, discover pathways of introduction and inform authorities to control and prevent future introductions. the present study is the first on introduced populations of callosciurus, asiatic tree squirrels, known as potentially invasive species in europe (italy, be ... | 2016 | 26748591 |
| first report of the human-pathogenic enterocytozoon bieneusi from red-bellied tree squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus) in sichuan, china. | enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common opportunistic pathogen causing diarrhea and enteric disease in a variety of animal hosts. although it has been reported in many animals, there is no published information available on the occurrence of e. bieneusi in red-bellied tree squirrels. to understand the occurrence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of e. bieneusi in red-bellied tree squirrels, 144 fecal specimens from sichuan province, china, were examined by pcr amplification and sequencing o ... | 2017 | 27683278 |
| multispacer typing (mst) of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from humans and rats in chengmai county, hainan province, china. | spotted fever caused by spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) is found throughout china. during 2007-2008, 28 human sfgr isolates and 34 rat sfgr isolates including 15 isolates from rattus fulvescens, 5 isolates from r. edwardsi, 7 isolates from callosciurus erythraeus roberti and 7 isolates from dremomys rufigenis) were obtained from l929 cell culture. previous research indicated that the 62 strains of sfgr mentioned above shared not only the same serophenotype but also 100% of identity sequen ... | 2014 | 25324688 |
| study of the morphological characteristics of schistosoma mansoni in mice, squirrels, and hamsters. | this study attempted to describe mophological characteristics of s. mansoni worms. in the present study, 6 hamsters, 35 squirrels and 141 mice were infected with pooled cercariae of schistosoma mansoni by intraperitoneal and percutaneous routes. the worm recovery rate was 18.2% (257/1,412) in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus); 10.1% (3,310/32,792) in squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus roberti) and 16.2% (4,328/26,720) in mice (swiss strain). there were no significant differences between the sizes ... | 2006 | 16771210 |
| asiatic callosciurus squirrels as seed dispersers of exotic plants in the pampas. | seed dispersal by exotic mammals exemplifies mutualistic interactions that can modify the habitat by facilitating the establishment of certain species. we examined the potential for endozoochoric dispersal of exotic plants by callosciurus erythraeus introduced in the pampas region of argentina. we identified and characterized entire and damaged seeds found in squirrel faeces and evaluated the germination capacity and viability of entire seeds in laboratory assays. we collected 120 samples of squ ... | 2016 | 29491908 |
| first detection of cryptosporidium spp. in red-bellied tree squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus) in china. | cryptosporidium spp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause diarrhea in a variety of animal hosts. although they have been reported in many animals, no information has been published on the occurrence of cryptosporidium spp. in red-bellied tree squirrels (callosciurus erythraeus). a total of 287 fecal specimens were collected from sichuan province in china; the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp., measured by nested-pcr amplification of the partial small-subunit (ssu) rrna gene, was 1.4% (4/287). ... | 2019 | 31081495 |
| evolution of genome organizations of squirrels (sciuridae) revealed by cross-species chromosome painting. | with complete sets of chromosome-specific painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of human and grey squirrel (sciurus carolinensis), the whole genome homologies between human and representatives of tree squirrels (sciurus carolinensis, callosciurus erythraeus), flying squirrels (petaurista albiventer) and chipmunks (tamias sibiricus) have been defined by cross-species chromosome painting. the results show that, unlike the highly rearranged karyotypes of mouse and rat, the karyotypes ... | 2004 | 15241012 |