| measurement of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone 16alpha-hydroxylase activities by a tritium exchange method. | a new isotopic method, based upon the stereospecific replacement of a proton (3h) by a hydroxyl group has been developed for the measurement of rat liver testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone 16alpha-hydroxylase activity. specifically 16-tritiated substrates were prepared by microbiological (cylindrocarpon radicicola) transformation of the [16-3h]progesterone and [16-3h]pregnenolone. the incubation medium consists of a phosphate buffer (ph7; 150mm), nadph (0.1 mm), nicotinamide (10mm) and magn ... | 1978 | 146601 |
| microbiological transformations of steroids. iv. factors affecting the transformation of progesterone by non-germinating spores of cylindrocarpon radicicola. | | 1977 | 557208 |
| isolation of vitamin k2(35) from nocardia restrictus and corynebacterium simplex. a natural electron acceptor in microbial steroid ring a dehydrogenations. | isooctane extraction of cells from nocardia restrictus and corynebacterium simplex followed by chromatographic separation gave yellow crystals which were identified as vitamin k2(35) by its ultraviolet absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, and mass spectrometry. the purified vitamin k2(35) was found to stimulate steroid 1,2-dehydrogenase obtained from cell free extracts of n. restrictus, c. simplex, cylindrocarpon radicicola, and septomyxa affinis as well as 4,5alpha-dehydrogenase and ... | 1978 | 632275 |
| a rapid agar-diffusion test for quantifying the toxic effects of copper on microorganisms. | the rapid agar diffusion test for quantifying the toxic effects of copper on microorganisms was elaborated. the assay was run in standard petri dishes containing czapek solution agar (difco). immediately after inoculation with the organism tested 3.2 mm diameter wells were punched in the agar. wells were filled (20 microliters) with distilled water (control) and a range of solutions containing 128 to 4096 ppm cu2+ (as cuso4). after incubation (2-5 days, 26 degrees c) the diameters of cu-inhibiti ... | 1992 | 1283491 |
| mycetoma of the foot caused by cylindrocarpon destructans. | a 39-year-old male, originally from antigua, west indies, presented with a 12-year history of swelling of the left foot. a pathogen could not be recovered in cultures of three surgical biopsy specimens. during follow-up, pus and grains were expressed from a draining sinus tract and cylindrocarpon destructans grew in pure culture. retrospective examination of histologic sections of tissue removed during the third biopsy demonstrated a grain characteristic of eumycotic mycetoma. although the fungu ... | 1991 | 1774308 |
| purification and characterization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from cylindrocarpon radicicola. | an nad+-linked 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from a fungus, cylindrocarpon radicicola atcc 11011 by ion exchange, gel filtration, and hydrophobic chromatographies. the purified preparation of the dehydrogenase showed an apparent molecular weight of 58,600 by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. sds-gel electrophoresis gave mr = 26,000 for the identical subunits of the protein. the amino-terminal residue of the enzyme protein was determined to ... | 1988 | 2844744 |
| microorganisms associated with mouldiness of dried yam chips and their prevention. | the broad objective of this study was to isolate and identify the microorganisms causing mouldiness of stored yam chips and to look for ways of preventing the problem. microorganisms isolated included aspergillus flavus, a. glaucus, a. nidulans, a. niger, a. ochraceous, a. tamarii, a. candidus, penicillium oxalicum, trichoderma longibrachyatum, rhizopus nigricans, cylindrocarpon radicicola, neurospora crassa, botryodiplodia theobromae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, erwinia carotovora and s ... | 1988 | 3231261 |
| studies on steroid monooxygenase from cylindrocarpon radicicola atcc 11011. purification and characterization. | a steroid monooxygenase from cells of a fungus, cylindrocarpon radicicola atcc 11011, grown in the presence of progesterone has been purified by affinity chromatography on a pregnenolone-sepharose column. the obtained enzyme was gel electrophoretically homogeneous and exhibited a molecular weight of about 115,000. sds-gel electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme consisted of two equal-sized subunits with a molecular weight of 56,000. sedimentation equilibrium analysis at 20 degrees c indicated t ... | 1986 | 3486863 |
| studies on steroid monooxygenase from cylindrocarpon radicicola atcc 11011. oxygenative lactonization of androstenedione to testololactone. | a steroid monooxygenase of cylindrocarpon radicicola was found to catalyze oxygenative lactonization of 17-ketosteroid, androstenedione, to yield d-homo-17 alpha-oxasteroid, testololactone, i.e., the androstenedione monooxygenase reaction, in addition to catalyzing the progesterone monooxygenase reaction. the reaction product was identified by tlc, glc, and mass spectrometry. the oxygenation proceeded with unitary stoichiometry for 17-ketosteroid, nadph, and molecular oxygen, indicating that it ... | 1986 | 3486864 |
| reduction of the 20-carbonyl group of c-21 steroids by spores of fusarium solani and other microorganisms. i. side-chain degradation, epoxide cleavage, and substrate specificity. | the spores of fusarium solani reduced the c(2)-carbonyl group, 1-dehydrogenated ring "a" and cleaved the side chain of 16alpha, 17alpha-oxidopregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione (16alpha, 17alpha-oxidoprogesterone)(i) to give the following products: 20alpha-hydroxy-16alpha, 17alpha-oxidopregn-4-en-3-one(ii); 20alpha-hydroxy-16alpha, 17alpha-oxidopregna-1, 4-dien-3-one(iii); 16alpha-hydroxy-17a-oxa-androsta-1, 4-diene-3, 17-dione (16alpha-hydroxy-1-dehydrotestololactone)(iv); and 16alpha, 17beta-dihydroxy-and ... | 1972 | 5021973 |
| the transformation of selected steroids by cylindrocarpon radicicola. a new biosynthetic pathway for estrololactone. | | 1971 | 5104266 |
| identification of root rot fungi in nursery seedlings by nested multiplex pcr. | the internal transcribed spacer (its) of the ribosomal dna (rdna) subunit repeat was sequenced in 12 isolates of cylindrocladium floridanum and 11 isolates of cylindrocarpon destructans. sequences were aligned and compared with its sequences of other fungi in genbank. some intraspecific variability was present within our collections of c. destructans but not in c. floridanum. three its variants were identified within c. destructans, but there was no apparent association between its variants and ... | 1996 | 8899993 |
| a viral double-stranded rna up regulates the fungal virulence of nectria radicicola. | double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) are widespread in plant pathogenic fungi, but their functions in fungal hosts remain mostly unclear, with a few exceptions. we analyzed dsrnas from nectria radicicola, the causal fungus of ginseng root rot. four distinct sizes of dsrnas, 6.0, 5.0, 2.5, and 1.5 kbp, were detected in 24 out of the 81 strains tested. curing tests of individual dsrnas suggested that the presence of 6.0-kbp dsrna was associated with high levels of virulence, sporulation, laccase activity ... | 2001 | 11310737 |
| metabolism of progesterone by cylindrocarpon radicicola and streptomyces lavendulae. | | 1957 | 13481010 |
| steroid expoxide cleavage by cylindrocarpon radicicola. | | 1964 | 14251320 |
| the influence of genotypic variation on metabolite diversity in populations of two endophytic fungal species. | the relationship between metabolite production and genotypic diversity in two endophytic fungi was investigated. we selected populations of cylindrocarpon destructans and heliscus lugdunensis from the roots of a single tree. a total of 49 isolates of both species were selected and classified by simple genotypic tests (random amplified polymorphic dna analysis and rdna-its sequencing). in a blind test, the ability of these fungi to produce natural products was tested by ethyl acetate extraction o ... | 2004 | 15275667 |
| fungal catabolism of crown gall opines. | this study was conducted to determine the capacities of 37 fungi to utilize various crown gall opines as their sole carbon and nitrogen source. one strain of fusarium solani, two of cylindrocarpon destructans, and six of cylindrocarpon heteronema catabolized octopine, mannopine, octopinic acid, succinamopine, or a combination of these opines. one c. heteronema and one fusarium dimerum strain grew only on succinamopine. none of the fungal isolates had the ability to grow on nopaline. the cataboli ... | 1990 | 16348087 |
| fungal endophytes in potato roots studied by traditional isolation and cultivation-independent dna-based methods. | the composition and relative abundance of endophytic fungi in roots of field-grown transgenic t4-lysozyme producing potatoes and the parental line were assessed by classical isolation from root segments and cultivation-independent techniques to test the hypothesis that endophytic fungi are affected by t4-lysozyme. fungi were isolated from the majority of root segments of both lines and at least 63 morphological groups were obtained with verticillium dahliae, cylindrocarpon destructans, colletotr ... | 2006 | 17117985 |
| [screening strains for trichoderma spp. for strong antagonism against ginseng root pathogens and study on their biological characters]. | to screen the trichodenna spp. for strong antagonist against ginseng root pathogens. | 2006 | 17225530 |
| cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum sp. nov., with notes on cylindrocarpon species with wide, predominantly 3-septate macroconidia. | a cylindrocarpon species with up to 10 microm wide, straight and predominantly 3-septate macroconidia, subglobose to ovoidal microconidia and chlamydospores, is described as cyl. pauciseptatum. it is most similar to cyl. austrodestructans but no chlamydospores and microconidia are formed in the latter. similar macroconidia also occur in cyl. theobromicola, which forms oval to ellipsoidal microconidia at least sparsely and has slightly curved macroconidia, and cyl. destructans var. crassum, which ... | 2008 | 18222675 |
| neonectria liriodendri sp. nov., the main causal agent of black foot disease of grapevines. | black foot disease is a serious disease of grapevine crops in most areas where vines are grown. mainly two species of cylindrocarpon, c. destructans and c. macrodidymum, are associated with this disease. recent studies have revealed a tremendous molecular variation within the former but only slight molecular variation within the latter, indicating that c. destructans presents a complex of several species the present study elucidates the taxonomic status of c. destructans-like isolates associated ... | 2006 | 18490982 |
| colonization of barley roots by endophytic fungi and their reduction of take-all caused by gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. | fungal root endophytes obtained from natural vegetation were tested for antifungal activity in dual culture tests against the root pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. fifteen isolates, including acremonium blochii, acremonium furcatum, aspergillus fumigatus, cylindrocarpon sp., cylindrocarpon destructans, dactylaria sp., fusarium equiseti, phoma herbarum, phoma leveillei, and a sterile mycelium, selected based on the dual culture test, were inoculated on barley roots in growth tubes u ... | 2008 | 18772922 |
| factors influencing development of root rot on ginseng caused by cylindrocarpon destructans. | abstract the fungus cylindrocarpon destructans (zins) scholten is the cause of root rot (disappearing root rot) in many ginseng production areas in canada. a total of 80 isolates of c. destructans were recovered from diseased roots in a survey of ginseng gardens in british columbia from 2002-2004. among these isolates, 49% were classified as highly virulent (causing lesions on unwounded mature roots) and 51% were weakly virulent (causing lesions only on previously wounded roots). pectinase and p ... | 2005 | 18943548 |
| molecular differentiation and detection of ginseng-adapted isolates of the root rot fungus cylindrocarpon destructans. | abstract the soilborne fungus cylindrocarpon destructans (teleomorph: neonectria radicicola) causes root rot in a wide range of plant hosts; the disease is of particular concern in ginseng production, and in conifer and fruit tree nurseries. beta-tubulin gene and rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (its) sequence data and pathogenicity assays were used to characterize isolates of c. destructans from ginseng and other hosts. the results of these studies demonstrated a high amount of sequence di ... | 2003 | 18943617 |
| influence of iron on cylindrocarpon root rot development on ginseng. | abstract cylindrocarpon root rot, caused by cylindrocarpon destructans, is an important disease on ginseng (panax quinquefolius) in canada. we studied the effects of iron (fe) on disease severity and pathogen growth. when hoagland's solution was amended with fe at 56 and 112 mug/ml compared with 0 mug/ml, disease initiation and final severity on hydroponically maintained ginseng roots was significantly (p<0.0001) enhanced. under field conditions, wounding of roots with a fine needle followed by ... | 2006 | 18943954 |
| elucidation of the microbial complex having a causal role in the development of apple replant disease in washington. | abstract systematic studies were conducted to elucidate the role of different soil microbial groups in the development of apple replant disease. populations of targeted microorganisms were reduced by the application of semiselective biocides and soil pasteurization. bacteria were not implicated in the disease, because application of the antibiotic chloramphenicol reduced soil populations of bacteria but failed to improve growth of apple transplants, while enhanced growth was achieved at pasteuri ... | 1998 | 18944871 |
| fungal parasitism of heterodera glycines eggs as influenced by egg age and pre-colonization of cysts by other fungi. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of egg age and pre-colonization of cysts by a saprophytic or parasitic fungus on parasitism of heterodera glycines eggs by other parasitic fungi. in agar and in soil tests, fungi generally parasitized more eggs in early developmental stages than eggs containing a juvenile. the effect of pre-colonization of cysts by a fungus on parasitism of eggs by other fungi depended on the fungi involved. in most cases, pre-colonization of cysts by an un ... | 2003 | 19262761 |
| fungal parasites of the potato cyst nematode globodera rostochiensis: isolation and reinfection. | fungal parasitism of eggs of the potato cyst nematode globodera rostochiensis was < 1, 3, and 17% at three sites in sweden. the fungi isolated most frequently from infected eggs were a septocylindrium-like fungus ( 19 %), exophiala spp. (17 %), and cylindrocarpon spp. (13 %). verticillium suchtasporium was isolated from infected eggs at a low frequency (4%). in laboratory experiments v. suchlasporium infected 93% of the eggs within cysts after 10 days on dilute corn meal agar. this species showe ... | 1990 | 19287764 |
| potential for nematode control by mycofloras endemic in the tropics. | results of mycological surveys of root-knot and cyst nematodes from tropical regions indicate that most fungal species associated with females or cysts of species of globodera, heterodera, and meloidogyne are those found with nematodes from temperate areas. some fungal species, however, were found in higher frequency in tropical regions than in temperate countries; e.g., cylindrocarpon destructans and ulocladium atrum were the most common species associated with g. pallida and g. rostochiensis c ... | 1988 | 19290202 |
| [antagonistic interactions between saprotrophic fungi and geohelminths. 1. saprotrophic fungi in the biological control of phytopathogenic geohelminths]. | the state of knowledge on the possible antagonism between soil saprotrophic fungi and phytopathogenic nematodes of the genera meloidogyne, heterodera, and globodera is reviewed basing on the literature and our own research. mycelial colonisation of various developmental stages of these geohelminths is the most common factor thought to reduce their populations in nature. the following parasitic fungi can be found on the cysts, eggs, as well as the larvae of the nematodes: paecilomyces lilacinus, ... | 2009 | 19579778 |
| polygalacturonase inhibiting protein: isolation, developmental regulation and pathogen related expression in panax ginseng c.a. meyer. | polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (pgips) are the major defense proteins which play an important role in resistance to infection of pathogens. a putative novel gene encoding pgip was isolated from panax ginseng c.a. meyer, which shows 70.3 and 68.4% homology with chick pea and arabidopsis pgips. the race pcr was preformed to isolate the full-length pgip cdna from panax ginseng. sequence analysis revealed that the cdna of pgpgip is of 1,275 bp in length and that it's containing orf encodes fo ... | 2010 | 19946753 |
| fungi in roots of nursery grown pinus sylvestris: ectomycorrhizal colonisation, genetic diversity and spatial distribution. | the aims of this study were to investigate patterns of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) colonisation and community structure on nursery grown seedlings of pinus sylvestris, spatial distribution of ecms in the nursery plot and genetic diversity of commonly isolated ecm basidiomycete hebeloma cavipes. one hundred seedlings were sampled in 225 m(2) area using a systematic grid design. for each seedling, 20 individual root tips were randomly collected, morphotyped, and surface sterilised for fungal isolation i ... | 2011 | 20437259 |
| disease control effect of strevertenes produced by streptomyces psammoticus against tomato fusarium wilt. | during screening of microorganisms producing antifungal metabolites, streptomyces psammoticus strain kp1404 was isolated. the culture extract of this strain showed potent disease control efficacy against fusarium wilt on tomato plants. the antifungal metabolites st-1 and st-2 were isolated from the culture extract using a variety of chromatographic procedures. on the basis of ms and nmr spectrometric analysis, the structures of the antifungal active compounds st-1 and st-2 were determined to be ... | 2011 | 21314121 |
| [clinical and mycological evaluation of onychomycosis among brazilian hiv/aids patients]. | onychomycosis is common in immunocompromised patients, but emerging species have been verified, thereby modifying the epidemiological profile of this mycosis. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and mycological profile of onychomycosis among hiv/aids patients. | 2011 | 21340406 |
| enzymes hydrolyzing structural components and ferrous ion cause rusty-root symptom on ginseng (panax ginseng). | microbial induction of rusty-root was proved in this study. the enzymes hydrolyzing plant structural materials, including pectinase, pectolyase, ligninase, and cellulase, caused the rusty-root in ginseng. pectinase and pectolyase produced the highest rusty-color formation. ferrous ion (fe+++) caused the synergistic effect on rusty-root formation in ginseng when it was used with pectinase. the effect of ferric ion (fe++) on rusty-root formation was slow, compared with fe+++, probably due to gradu ... | 2011 | 21364303 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of a eukaryotic cycloalkanone monooxygenase from cylindrocarpon radicicola atcc 11011. | in this study, we have cloned and characterized a cycloalkanone monooxygenase (camo) from the ascomycete cylindrocarpon radicicola atcc 11011 (identical to cylindrocarpon destructans dsm 837). the primary structure of this baeyer-villiger monooxygenase (bmvo) revealed 531 residues with around 45% sequence identity to known cyclohexanone monooxygenases. the enzyme was functionally overexpressed in escherichia coli and investigated with respect to substrate spectrum and kinetic parameters. substra ... | 2011 | 22075635 |
| identification and biocontrol efficacy of streptomyces miharaensis producing filipin iii against fusarium wilt. | a number of bacterial strains were isolated from the internal tissue of trapa japonica. of these, strain kpe62302h, which had a 16s rdna sequence identical to that of streptomyces miharaensis showed antifungal activity against several plant pathogens. treatment of seeds with strain kpe62302h induced a significant reduction in the incidence of fusarium wilt in tomato plants compared with untreated controls. an antifungal substance (fp-1) was purified from the culture extract of strain kpe62302h u ... | 2011 | 22460913 |