| geographic distribution of arbovirus antibodies in indigenous human populations in the indo-australian archipelago. | sera from lifetime residents in 16 localities of the indo-australian archipelago and adjacent areas were tested for hemagglutination-inhibition antibody against four alpha-viruses (sindbis, getah, chikungunya, and ross river) and for neutralizing antibody against six flaviviruses (dengue 2 and 3, japanese encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, kunjin, and edge hill). mosquito collections were carried out in some of the localities to study vector relationships to distribution of the arbovirus ... | 1979 | 453438 |
| isolation of arboviruses from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected from the gulf plains region of northwest queensland, australia. | as part of investigations into japanese encephalitis (je) virus and related flaviviruses in northern australia, 153,529 mosquitoes were collected and processed for virus isolation from the gulf plains region of northwest queensland. collections from within 30 km of each of the townships of croydon, normanton and karumba yielded 3,087 (2.0%), 66,009 (43.0%), and 84,433 (55.0%) mosquitoes, respectively, from which 16 viruses were isolated. four isolates of murray valley encephalitis (mve), two of ... | 2002 | 12349863 |
| genetic diversity of the e protein of dengue type 3 virus. | dengue is the most important arbovirus disease in tropical and subtropical countries. the viral envelope (e) protein is responsible for cell receptor binding and is the main target of neutralizing antibodies. the aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of the e protein gene of denv-3. e protein gene sequences of 20 new viruses isolated in ribeirao preto, brazil, and 427 sequences retrieved from genbank were aligned for diversity and phylogenetic analysis. | 2009 | 19627608 |
| structure of yellow fever virus envelope protein domain iii. | the structure of recombinant domain iii of the envelope protein (red3) of yellow fever virus (yfv), containing the major neutralization site, was determined using nmr spectroscopy. the amino acid sequence and structure of the yfv-red3 shows differences from ed3s of other mosquito-borne flaviviruses; in particular, the partially surface-exposed bc loop where methionine-304 and valine-324 were identified as being critical for the structure of the loop. variations in the structure and surface chemi ... | 2009 | 19818466 |
| structure and functionality in flavivirus ns-proteins: perspectives for drug design. | flaviviridae are small enveloped viruses hosting a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome. besides yellow fever virus, a landmark case in the history of virology, members of the flavivirus genus, such as west nile virus and dengue virus, are increasingly gaining attention due to their re-emergence and incidence in different areas of the world. additional environmental and demographic considerations suggest that novel or known flaviviruses will continue to emerge in the future. nevertheless, u ... | 2010 | 19945487 |
| role of bc loop residues in structure, function and antigenicity of the west nile virus envelope protein receptor-binding domain iii. | site-directed mutagenesis of residues in the bc loop (residues 329-333) of the envelope (e) protein domain iii in a west nile virus (wnv) infectious clone and in plasmids encoding recombinant wnv and dengue type 2 virus domain iii proteins demonstrated a critical role for residues in this loop in the function and antigenicity of the e protein. this included a strict requirement for the tyrosine at residue 329 of wnv for virus viability and e domain iii folding. the absence of an equivalent resid ... | 2010 | 20447672 |
| structural and functional analyses of a conserved hydrophobic pocket of flavivirus methyltransferase. | the flavivirus methyltransferase (mtase) sequentially methylates the n7 and 2'-o positions of the viral rna cap (gpppa-rna → m(7)gpppa-rna → m(7)gpppam-rna), using s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) as a methyl donor. we report here that sinefungin (sin), an adomet analog, inhibits several flaviviruses through suppression of viral mtase. the crystal structure of west nile virus mtase in complex with sin inhibitor at 2.0-å resolution revealed a flavivirus-conserved hydrophobic pocket located next t ... | 2010 | 20685660 |
| molecular phylogeny of edge hill virus supports its position in the yellow fever virus group and identifies a new genetic variant. | edge hill virus (ehv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus isolated throughout australia during mosquito surveillance programs. while not posing an immediate threat to the human population, ehv is a taxonomically interesting flavivirus since it remains the only member of the yellow fever virus (yfv) sub-group to be detected within australia. here we present both an antigenic and genetic investigation of collected isolates, and confirm taxonomic classification of the virus within the yfv-group. isolate ... | 2010 | 20938485 |
| west nile virus (kunjin subtype) disease in the northern territory of australia--a case of encephalitis and review of all reported cases. | west nile virus kunjin subtype (wnv/kunv) is enzootic across the tropical north of australia, with epizootic spread into other jurisdictions. the clinical spectrum of illness in humans is poorly described. we report a clinical case of wnv/kunv encephalitis and performed a retrospective chart audit of all cases of wnv/kunv notified in the northern territory from 1992 to 2010. thirteen cases of wnv/kunv disease were identified; case notes were available for 10 of these presentations. six of these ... | 2011 | 22049056 |
| Tembusu virus in ducks, china. | In China in 2010, a disease outbreak in egg-laying ducks was associated with a flavivirus. The virus was isolated and partially sequenced. The isolate exhibited 87%-91% identity with strains of Tembusu virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Ntaya virus group. These findings demonstrate emergence of Tembusu virus in ducks. | 2011 | 22000358 |
| enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in australian mosquitoes. | viral metagenomics characterizes known and identifies unknown viruses based on sequence similarities to any previously sequenced viral genomes. a metagenomics approach was used to identify virus sequences in australian mosquitoes causing cytopathic effects in inoculated mammalian cell cultures. sequence comparisons revealed strains of liao ning virus (reovirus, seadornavirus), previously detected only in china, livestock-infecting stretch lagoon virus (reovirus, orbivirus), two novel dimarhabdov ... | 2013 | 24314645 |
| viral metagenomics on animals as a tool for the detection of zoonoses prior to human infection? | many human viral infections have a zoonotic, i.e., wild or domestic animal, origin. several zoonotic viruses are transmitted to humans directly via contact with an animal or indirectly via exposure to the urine or feces of infected animals or the bite of a bloodsucking arthropod. if a virus is able to adapt and replicate in its new human host, human-to-human transmissions may occur, possibly resulting in an epidemic, such as the a/h1n1 flu pandemic in 2009. thus, predicting emerging zoonotic inf ... | 2014 | 24918293 |
| ecuador paraiso escondido virus, a new flavivirus isolated from new world sand flies in ecuador, is the first representative of a novel clade in the genus flavivirus. | a new flavivirus, ecuador paraiso escondido virus (epev), named after the village where it was discovered, was isolated from sand flies (psathyromyia abonnenci, formerly lutzomyia abonnenci) that are unique to the new world. this represents the first sand fly-borne flavivirus identified in the new world. epev exhibited a typical flavivirus genome organization. nevertheless, the maximum pairwise amino acid sequence identity with currently recognized flaviviruses was 52.8%. phylogenetic analysis o ... | 2015 | 26355096 |
| new insights into flavivirus evolution, taxonomy and biogeographic history, extended by analysis of canonical and alternative coding sequences. | to generate the most diverse phylogenetic dataset for the flaviviruses to date, we determined the genomic sequences and phylogenetic relationships of 14 flaviviruses, of which 10 are primarily associated with culex spp. mosquitoes. we analyze these data, in conjunction with a comprehensive collection of flavivirus genomes, to characterize flavivirus evolutionary and biogeographic history in unprecedented detail and breadth. based on the presumed introduction of yellow fever virus into the americ ... | 2015 | 25719412 |
| characterization of a novel insect-specific flavivirus from brazil: potential for inhibition of infection of arthropod cells with medically important flaviviruses. | in the past decade, there has been an upsurge in the number of newly described insect-specific flaviviruses isolated pan-globally. we recently described the isolation of a novel flavivirus (tentatively designated 'nhumirim virus'; nhuv) that represents an example of a unique subset of apparently insect-specific viruses that phylogenetically affiliate with dual-host mosquito-borne flaviviruses despite appearing to be limited to replication in mosquito cells. we characterized the in vitro growth p ... | 2014 | 25146007 |
| evaluation of a field-portable dna microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals. | highly multiplexed assays, such as microarrays, can benefit arbovirus surveillance by allowing researchers to screen for hundreds of targets at once. we evaluated amplification strategies and the practicality of a portable dna microarray platform to analyze virus-infected mosquitoes. the prototype microarray design used here targeted the non-structural protein 5, ribosomal rna, and cytochrome b genes for the detection of flaviviruses, mosquitoes, and bloodmeals, respectively. we identified 13 of ... | 2012 | 23249687 |
| natural exposure of horses to mosquito-borne flaviviruses in south-east queensland, australia. | in 2011 an unprecedented epidemic of equine encephalitis occurred in south-eastern (se) australia following heavy rainfall and severe flooding in the preceding 2-4 months. less than 6% of the documented cases occurred in queensland, prompting the question of pre-existing immunity in queensland horses. a small-scale serological survey was conducted on horses residing in one of the severely flood-affected areas of se-queensland. using a flavivirus-specific blocking-elisa we found that 63% (39/62) ... | 2013 | 24048209 |
| experimental therapies for yellow fever. | a number of viruses in the family flaviviridae are the focus of efforts to develop effective antiviral therapies. success has been achieved with inhibitors for the treatment of hepatitis c, and there is interest in clinical trials of drugs against dengue fever. antiviral therapies have also been evaluated in patients with japanese encephalitis and west nile encephalitis. however, no treatment has been developed against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus (yfv). despite the availability ... | 2012 | 23237991 |
| flavidb: a data mining system for knowledge discovery in flaviviruses with direct applications in immunology and vaccinology. | the flavivirus genus is unusually large, comprising more than 70 species, of which more than half are known human pathogens. it includes a set of clinically relevant infectious agents such as dengue, west nile, yellow fever, and japanese encephalitis viruses. although these pathogens have been studied extensively, safe and efficient vaccines lack for the majority of the flaviviruses. | 0 | 25544857 |
| detection of entebbe bat virus after 54 years. | entebbe bat virus (entv; flaviviridae: flavivirus), closely related to yellow fever virus, was first isolated from a little free-tailed bat (chaerephon pumilus) in uganda in 1957, but was not detected after that initial isolation. in 2011, we isolated entv from a little free-tailed bat captured from the attic of a house near where it had originally been found. infectious virus was recovered from the spleen and lung, and the viral rna was sequenced and compared with that of the original isolate. ... | 2015 | 26101270 |
| a newly discovered flavivirus in the yellow fever virus group displays restricted replication in vertebrates. | a novel flavivirus, provisionally named bamaga virus (bgv), was isolated from culex annulirostris mosquitoes collected from northern australia. phylogenetic analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the bgv genome revealed it clustered with the yellow fever virus (yfv) group, and was most closely related to edge hill virus (ehv), another australian flavivirus, with 61.9% nucleotide and 63.7% amino acid sequence identity. antigenic analysis of the envelope and pre-membrane proteins of bgv f ... | 2016 | 26878841 |
| possible clinical infection with edge hill virus. | | 1993 | 8249078 |
| comparison of dengue viruses and some other flaviviruses by cdna-rna hybridization analysis and detection of a close relationship between dengue virus serotype 2 and edge hill virus. | variable amounts of cdna were synthesized in vitro from rna extracted from several flaviviruses, including the four prototype dengue (den) virus serotypes. the synthesis was carried out using an oligo(dt) primer, suggesting the presence of a short poly(a) region at or near the 3' end of some flavivirus genomes. the den-1 and den-2 prototype strains produced the largest amount of cdna and were therefore used to investigate further the relatedness of flavivirus genomes by cdna-rna hybridization. t ... | 1984 | 6210345 |
| infection of western gray kangaroos (macropus fuliginosus) with australian arboviruses associated with human infection. | more than 75 arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) have been identified in australia. while alfuy virus (alfv), barmah forest virus (bfv), edge hill virus (ehv), kokobera virus (kokv), murray valley encephalitis virus (mvev), sindbis virus (sinv), ross river virus (rrv), stratford virus (strv), and west nile virus strain kunjin (kunv) have been associated with human infection, there remains a paucity of data regarding their respective transmission cycles and any potential nonhuman vertebrate hos ... | 2020 | 31556842 |