| isolation and identification of phenolic substances from the fungus penicillium spinulosum. | penicillium spinulosum grown in a czapek-dox medium containing glucose produces two phenolic substances: 4-methyl orcinol (beta-orcinol) and 3-methyl orsellinic acid (beta-orcinolcarboxylic acid). their isolation and identification are described. they are considered to be precursors of quinoids occuring in aged media and responsible for their red-violet colours. preliminary results indicate that one of the quinoid compounds may be a diphenoquinone. | 1975 | 1155879 |
| selective partitioning of conidia of some penicillium and aspergillus species in aqueous two-phase systems. | conidia of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, penicillium brevi-compactum, penicillium frequentans, penicillium spinulosum, and penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium were subjected to partition at varying ph values in an aqueous two-phase system containing charged polyethylene glycol. in the system, the partition behavior of the conidia of the penicillium species varied when the ph was raised, while the conidia of the aspergillus species seemed unaffected. p. brevi-com ... | 1986 | 3096203 |
| microbial epoxidation of cis-propenylphosphonic to (-)-cis-1,2-epoxypropylphosphonic acid. | eighteen species of penicillium, one of oidium and one of paecilomyces were found to effect a stereospecific conversion of cis-propenylphosphonate to fosfomycin which was identified by paper chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography (glc) of the trimethylsilyl esters. penicillium spinulosum carried out the epoxidation only after the glucose substrate had been utilized. glucose controlled the epoxidation since its residual concentrations in the broth severely depresses the reaction. at optimum ... | 1971 | 5165104 |
| [phenolic compounds produced by aspergillus fumigatus fresenius and by penicillium spinulosum thom]. | | 1966 | 5924593 |
| sporidesmins. vi. isolation and structure of dehydrogliotoxin a metabolite of penicillium terlikowskii. | | 1966 | 5950470 |
| superoxide anion production in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and fungal spores implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. | high amounts of fungal spores, bacteria, and bacterial endotoxin have been found in dust associated with the poorly characterized syndrome, organic dust toxic syndrome (odts). as part of an ongoing investigation to determine the etiopathogenesis for odts, this study has focused on activation of guinea pig bronchial alveolar lavage (bal) cells as evidenced by the production of superoxide anion in response to fungal spores and lipopolysaccharide (lps). fungal spores from aspergillus candidus, aspe ... | 1994 | 7925197 |
| concentration- and time-dependent upregulation and release of the cytokines mip-2, kc, tnf, and mip-1alpha in rat alveolar macrophages by fungal spores implicated in airway inflammation. | inhalation of fungal spores has been shown to cause primary or secondary infection and respiratory inflammation and diseases such as allergic alveolitis, atopic asthma, and organic dust toxic syndrome, which are rarely reported in the absence of predisposing factors. biochemical and molecular markers of inflammation were measured in rat bronchial alveolar lavage cells (> 95% macrophages) following stimulation with fungal spores isolated from pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi that have been impl ... | 1998 | 9490662 |
| [comparative analysis of radial linear growth velocity of micromycetes isolated from different ecotopes]. | the work aim was the discovering of peculiarities of microscopic fungi responding to radioactive pollution by growth velocity change. the linear growth velocity of a broad range of micromycetes was analyzed. they were chosen in such a way that every species, as far as possible, was presented by the strains isolated from radioactive polluted and clean regions. most of the studied species were characterized by the absence of reliable growth velocity differences of strains of the same species growi ... | 2002 | 12190032 |
| the component fatty acids of penicillium spinulosum fat. | | 1959 | 13651157 |
| mould spore suspensions and powders for use in fungicidal kinetic studies. ii. preparations using penicillium spinulosum. | | 1960 | 13704722 |
| fat production from cane molasses by penicillium spinulosum: a study on substances in cane molasses interfering with fat production. | | 1961 | 14455536 |
| the presence of penicillium and penicillium mycotoxins in food wastes. | a total of 97 samples (48 summer and 49 winter) of food waste from private households were investigated for penicillium and for mycotoxins. twenty-five penicillium species were isolated and penicillium crustosum, penicillium brevicompactum, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium expansum, penicillium roqueforti, penicillium spinulosum, penicillium viridicatum, penicillium commune, penicillium citrinum and penicillium solitum were, in decreasing order, the most frequently identified species. mycoto ... | 2004 | 14698099 |
| effects of amoebae on the growth of microbes isolated from moisture-damaged buildings. | dampness, moisture, and mold in buildings are associated with adverse health outcomes. in addition to fungi and bacteria, amoebae have been found in moisture-damaged building materials. amoebae and a growing list of bacteria have been shown to have mutual effects on each other's growth, but the interactions between amoebae and microbes common in moisture-damaged buildings have not been reported. we co-cultivated the amoeba acanthamoeba polyphaga with bacteria and fungi isolated from moisture-dam ... | 2006 | 16699589 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms: fumigatin (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2:5-toluquinone), and spinulosin (3:6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2:5-toluquinone), metabolic products respectively of aspergillus fumigatus fresenius and penicillium spinulosum thom. | | 1938 | 16746672 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms: synthesis of spinulosin (3:6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2:5-toluquinone) a metabolic product of penicillium spinulosum thom. | | 1938 | 16746689 |
| root-associated fungi of rosa rugosa grown on the frontal dunes of the baltic sea coast in lithuania. | the aim of the present study was to assess fungal communities associated with fine living roots of rosa rugosa thunb grown on the frontal dunes of curonian spit at the baltic sea coast in lithuania. the roots of r. rugosa were sampled at five sites (nida, preila, pervalka, juodkrante and smiltyne) situated at a distance ca. 5-15 km from each other. direct amplification, cloning and sequencing of fungal its rrna from the fine roots resulted in 134 high-quality sequences, representing 31 fungal ta ... | 2014 | 24402365 |
| effects of microbial cocultivation on inflammatory and cytotoxic potential of spores. | microbial growth on moisture-damaged building materials is commonly associated with adverse health effects in the occupants. in moisture damage situations, the environmental conditions as well as the dominant microbial species will vary, leading to a diversity of microbes and continual changes in the different microbial populations. currently, very little is known about the effects of microbial cocultures on the potential harmfulness of the microbial population. in this study we have investigate ... | 2005 | 16087574 |
| bacterial strains from moldy buildings are highly potent inducers of inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. | we aimed to identify inflammatory and cytotoxic potential of individual indoor air bacterial and fungal strains, as well as extracts of indoor air filter samples containing bacteria and fungi. mouse raw264.7 macrophages were exposed in vitro to four bacterial strains; streptomyces californicus, mycobacterium terrae, bacillus cereus and pseudomonas fluorescens, and three fungal strains; penicillium spinulosum, aspergillus versicolor and stachybotrys chartarum. furthermore, raw264.7 macrophages we ... | 2005 | 15910531 |
| synergistic interaction in simultaneous exposure to streptomyces californicus and stachybotrys chartarum. | the microbial exposure associated with health complaints in moldy houses consists of a heterogeneous group of components, including both living and dead bacteria, fungi, and their metabolites and active compounds. however, little is known about the interactions between different microbes and their metabolites, although the cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential of certain individual microbes have been reported. in this study, we investigated the inflammatory responses of mouse raw264.7 macropha ... | 2004 | 15121507 |
| the fungistatic activity of methyl and propyl hydroxybenzoates and a mixture of these against penicillium spinulosum. | | 1962 | 13898038 |
| the relation between growth of four microbes on six different plasterboards and biological activity of spores. | microbial growth on water-damaged building materials is commonly associated with adverse health effects in the occupants. we examined the growth of stachybotrys chartarum, aspergillus versicolor, penicillium spinulosum, and streptomyces californicus, isolated from water-damaged buildings, on six different brands of plasterboards. the microbial growth was compared with the biological activity of the spores, that is the potential to induce cytotoxicity and proinflammatory mediators in raw264.7 mac ... | 2003 | 12608927 |
| production of proinflammatory mediators by indoor air bacteria and fungal spores in mouse and human cell lines. | we compared the inflammatory and cytotoxic responses caused by household mold and bacteria in human and mouse cell lines. we studied the fungi aspergillus versicolor, penicillium spinulosum, and stachybotrys chartarum and the bacteria bacillus cereus, pseudomonas fluorescens, and streptomyces californicus for their cytotoxicity and ability to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators in mouse raw264.7 and human 28sc macrophage cell lines and in the human a549 lung epithelial cell line i ... | 2003 | 12515684 |
| effect of liner and core materials of plasterboard on microbial growth, spore-induced inflammatory responses, and cytotoxicity in macrophages. | microorganisms, when grown on wetted plasterboards, can produce bioactive compounds capable of inducing inflammatory and toxic reactions in mammalian cells. the paper liner of plasterboard is commonly regarded as the major substrate for microbial growth. in this study, we cultured stachybotrys chartarum, aspergillus versicolor, penicillium spinulosum, and streptomyces californicus on liners and cores of plasterboards in order to examine the role of these main plasterboard components on microbial ... | 2002 | 12454792 |
| [effect of ecological factors on spore germination and the viability of the mycelial fragments of microscopic fungi]. | spore germination and the viability of the mycelial fragments of the microscopic fungi alternaria alternata, penicillium spinulosum, and mucor hiemalis were studied with respect to the action of some ecological factors: sucrose concentration (0, 0.2, 2, 10, and 100 g/l), temperature (4, 20, 25, and 30 degrees c), ph (3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.2, and 7.0), and cadmium concentration (0, 2, 10, and 100 mg/l). the spore germination rate and the viabilities of different mycelial fragments were found to reach ... | 2001 | 11386056 |
| induction of cytotoxicity and production of inflammatory mediators in raw264.7 macrophages by spores grown on six different plasterboards. | dampness and microbial growth in buildings are associated with respiratory symptoms in the occupants, but details of the phenomenon are not sufficiently understood. the current study examined the effects of growth conditions provided by six plasterboards on cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential of the spores of streptomyces californicus, penicillium spinulosum, aspergillus versicolor, and stachybotrys chartarum. the microbes were isolated from mold problem buildings and thereafter grown on six ... | 2001 | 11295859 |
| the diversity of microfungi in peatlands originated from the white sea. | the diversity of culturable filamentous microfungi in peat and sediments of four peatlands at the coastal zone of kandalaksha bay of the white sea (murmansk region, russia) was studied by culture methods on standard and selective media. annually 100 samples were collected from the bogs 2007-2010. based on morphological, molecular markers and cultural features, 211 taxa were identified. fungal communities observed at the peatlands were influenced mostly by their sea origin. we discovered a large ... | 2016 | 26742584 |
| effect of interaction between aspergillus carbonarius and non-ochratoxigenic grape-associated fungal isolates on growth and ochratoxin a production at different water activities and temperatures. | the effect of water activity (0.90, 0.94, and 0.98 aw) and temperature (15, 20, and 25 °c) on the in vitro interactions between three ochratoxigenic strains of aspergillus carbonarius (ac-28, ac-29, and ac-33) and eleven non ochratoxigenic grape-associated fungal strains was assessed in this study. fungal strains were allowed to grow in dual cultures on synthetic grape-juice medium (sgm) for 15 days and fungal interactions were given a numerical score to obtain an index of dominance (id) for eac ... | 2015 | 25475324 |
| inflammatory potential of the spores of penicillium spinulosum isolated from indoor air of a moisture-damaged building in mouse lungs. | excess moisture and microbial growth have been associated with adverse health effects, especially in the airways, of the inhabitants of moisture-damaged buildings. the spores of penicillium spp. are commonly present in the indoor air, both in moisture-damaged and in reference buildings, though their numbers seem to be significantly higher in the damaged buildings. to assess the potential of penicillium spinulosum to evoke harmful respiratory effects, mice were exposed via intratracheal instillat ... | 2002 | 21782633 |
| effects of co-culture of amoebae with indoor microbes on their cytotoxic and proinflammatory potential. | free-living amoebae are ubiquitous environmental protozoa found in both natural and man-made environments, including moisture-damaged buildings. furthermore, the interaction between amoebae and bacteria has been shown to enhance the virulence and pathogenicity of some bacteria. while the inhabitants of moisture damaged buildings are known to be at risk of suffering adverse health effects, the exact causative agents and mechanisms are still obscure. to examine the possible role of amoebae in the ... | 2007 | 17607727 |
| patchiness and compensatory growth in a fungus-collembola system. | the compensatory growth potential of a grazed fungal biomass was mathematically expressed as a function of patchiness in its distribution and demonstrated in an experiment using the fungivorous collembolan onychiurus armatus and the soil fungi verticillium bulbillosum and penicillium spinulosum. the model addresses the regrowth potential in relation to patch fragmentation, travelling time and consumption rate of the collembolan and the mean relative growth rate of the fungus. it suggests that th ... | 1993 | 28313620 |
| susceptibility of food-contaminating penicillium genus fungi to some preservatives and disinfectants. | microscopic fungi are able to contaminate and deteriorate various food products and can subsequently cause health problems. long usage of the same preservatives and disinfectants against spoilage fungi may lead to the development of fungal resistance to those chemicals. the objective of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of 3 penicillium genus fungi, isolated from foodstuffs, to organic acid preservatives and some disinfectants, taking into consideration 2 aspects of their developm ... | 2012 | 22462451 |
| extremely acidic soils are dominated by species-poor and highly specific fungal communities. | highly acidic soils (ph < 3) represent an environment which might potentially offer new biotechnologically interesting fungi. nevertheless, only little data on fungal communities in highly acidic habitats are available. here, we focused on the diversity of cultivable filamentous microfungi in highly acidic soils (ph < 3) in the czech republic. altogether, 16 soil samples were collected from four sampling sites and were processed by various approaches. in total, 54 fungal taxa were isolated and i ... | 2017 | 27687871 |