| molecular phylogenetic identification of the intestinal anaerobic microbial community in the hindgut of the termite, reticulitermes speratus, without cultivation. | a termite maintains an anaerobic microbial community in its hindgut, which seems to be the minimum size of an anaerobic habitat. this microbial community consists of bacteria and various anaerobic flagellates, and it is established that termites are totally dependent on the microbes for the utilization of their food. the molecular phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal microflora of a lower termite, reticulitermes speratus, was examined by a strategy that does not rely on cultivation of the re ... | 1998 | 9783160 |
| [studies on the cellular structure of balantidium coli and trichonympha agilis for clarification of the phylogeny of flagellated protozoa]. | | 1963 | 14047091 |
| candidatus desulfovibrio trichonymphae, a novel intracellular symbiont of the flagellate trichonympha agilis in termite gut. | rs-n31, a 16s rrna phylotype affiliated with the genus desulfovibrio, has frequently been detected from the gut of the wood-feeding termite reticulitermes speratus. in this study, we designed a probe specifically targeting phylotype rs-n31 and performed fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify the corresponding cells. the signals were detected exclusively inside the cells of the flagellate trichonympha agilis, which simultaneously harbours another intracellular bacterium belonging to the c ... | 2009 | 19170725 |
| impact of five commercial baits containing chitin synthesis inhibitors on the protist community in reticulitermes flavipes (isoptera: rhinotermitidae). | eastern subterranean termite, reticulitermes flavipes (kollar), workers were continuously exposed to one of five chitin synthesis inhibiting (csi) active ingredients and the protist community from the hindgut quantified biweekly for 21 d. the csis tested included commercially available formulations of diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, noviflumuron, and novaluron. results showed termites exposed to csis had a significant decrease (>or=30%) in the estimated total protist population after 3 d ... | 2010 | 20146844 |
| genome of 'ca. desulfovibrio trichonymphae', an h2-oxidizing bacterium in a tripartite symbiotic system within a protist cell in the termite gut. | the cellulolytic protist trichonympha agilis in the termite gut permanently hosts two symbiotic bacteria, 'candidatus endomicrobium trichonymphae' and 'candidatus desulfovibrio trichonymphae'. the former is an intracellular symbiont, and the latter is almost intracellular but still connected to the outside via a small pore. the complete genome of 'ca. endomicrobium trichonymphae' has previously been reported, and we here present the complete genome of 'ca. desulfovibrio trichonymphae'. the genom ... | 2017 | 27801909 |
| comparison of intracellular "ca. endomicrobium trichonymphae" genomovars illuminates the requirement and decay of defense systems against foreign dna. | "candidatus endomicrobium trichonymphae" (bacteria; elusimicrobia) is an obligate intracellular symbiont of the cellulolytic protist genus trichonympha in the termite gut. a previous genome analysis of "ca endomicrobium trichonymphae" phylotype rs-d17 (genomovar ri2008), obtained from a trichonympha agilis cell in the gut of the termite reticulitermes speratus, revealed that its genome is small (1.1 mb) and contains many pseudogenes; it is in the course of reductive genome evolution. here we rep ... | 2016 | 27635050 |
| intranuclear verrucomicrobial symbionts and evidence of lateral gene transfer to the host protist in the termite gut. | in 1944, harold kirby described microorganisms living within nuclei of the protists trichonympha in guts of termites; however, their taxonomic assignment remains to be accomplished. here, we identified intranuclear symbionts of trichonympha agilis in the gut of the termite reticulitermes speratus. we isolated single nuclei of t. agilis, performed whole-genome amplification, and obtained bacterial 16s rrna genes by pcr. unexpectedly, however, all of the analyzed clones were from pseudogenes of 16 ... | 2014 | 24335826 |
| trichonympha burlesquei n. sp. from reticulitermes virginicus and evidence against a cosmopolitan distribution of trichonympha agilis in many termite hosts. | historically, symbiotic protists in termite hindguts have been considered to be the same species if they are morphologically similar, even if they are found in different host species. for example, the first-described hindgut and hypermastigote parabasalian, trichonympha agilis (leidy, 1877) has since been documented in six species of reticulitermes, in addition to the original discovery in reticulitermes flavipes. here we revisit one of these, reticulitermes virginicus, using molecular phylogene ... | 2013 | 23918788 |
| 'candidatus ancillula trichonymphae', a novel lineage of endosymbiotic actinobacteria in termite gut flagellates of the genus trichonympha. | termite gut flagellates are colonized by host-specific lineages of ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic bacteria. previous studies have shown that flagellates of the genus trichonympha may harbour more than one type of symbiont. using a comprehensive approach that combined cloning of ssu rrna genes with fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscopy, we investigated the phylogeny and subcellular locations of the symbionts in a variety of trichonympha species from different termites. the f ... | 2012 | 23116209 |
| "endomicrobia": cytoplasmic symbionts of termite gut protozoa form a separate phylum of prokaryotes. | lignocellulose digestion by wood-feeding termites depends on the mutualistic interaction of unusual, flagellate protists located in their hindgut. most of the flagellates harbor numerous prokaryotic endosymbionts of so-far-unknown identity and function. using a full-cycle molecular approach, we show here that the endosymbionts of the larger gut flagellates of reticulitermes santonensis belong to the so-called termite group 1 (tg-1) bacteria, a group of clones previously obtained exclusively from ... | 2005 | 15746350 |
| molecular phylogenies of parabasalia inferred from four protein genes and comparison with rrna trees. | the molecular phylogeny of parabasalids has mainly been inferred from small subunit (ssu) rrna sequences and has conflicted substantially with systematics based on morphological and ultrastructural characters. this raises the important question, how congruent are protein and ssu rrna trees? new sequences from seven diverse parabasalids (six trichomonads and one hypermastigid) were added to data sets of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), enolase, alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin and ... | 2004 | 15062795 |
| diversification of the microtubule system in the early stage of eukaryote evolution: elongation factor 1 alpha and alpha-tubulin protein phylogeny of termite symbiotic oxymonad and hypermastigote protists. | the symbiotic protists of the lower termite have been regarded as a model of early-branched eukaryotes because of their simple cellular systems and morphological features. however, cultivation of these symbiotic protists is very difficult. for this reason, these interesting protists have not been well characterized in terms of their molecular biology. in research on these organisms which have not yet been cultivated, we developed a method for retrieving specific genes from a small number of cell ... | 2001 | 11139290 |
| phylogenetic identification of the symbiotic hypermastigote trichonympha agilis in the hindgut of the termite reticulitermes speratus based on small-subunit rrna sequence. | the phylogeny of a symbiotic hypermastigote trichonympha agilis (class parabasalia; order hypermastigida) in the hindgut of the lower termite reticulitermes speratus was examined by a strategy that does not rely on cultivation. from mixed-population dna obtained from the termite gut, small subunit (16s-like) ribosomal rna sequences were directly amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method using primers specific for eukaryotes. comparative sequence analysis of the clones revealed two kinds ... | 2009 | 9703680 |
| cellulose and xylan utilisation in the lower termite reticulitermes speratus. | the distribution of the enzymes of cellulose and xylan metabolism namely endo-beta-1,4-glucanase, beta-glucosidase, endo-beta-1,4-xylanase and beta-xylosidase activities, in reticulitermes speratus (kolbe) was measured both in the salivary glands and in the major gut sections and along the length of the gut in freshly collected termites. the majority of the endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity (77.8%) was found in the salivary glands which also contained 23.9% of the beta-glucosidase activity. at le ... | 1997 | 12769907 |
| unorthodox mitosis in trichonympha agilis: kinetochore differentiation and chromosome movement. | | 1973 | 4760596 |