| isolation and studies of the mutagenic activity of saponins in the ames test. | mutagenic activity of medicagenic acid, medicagenic acid 3-0-glucopyranoside and soyasaponin i was tested by the ames method with s. typhimurium strains ta97, ta98, ta100, ta102 in the absence and the presence of metabolic activation (s9 mix). these saponins have been isolated and identified from alfalfa roots and clover trifolium incarnatum seeds. all of them were found to be non-toxic and non-mutagenic for testing doses. | 1994 | 7779177 |
| a preliminary rapd-pcr analysis of cimicifuga species and other botanicals used for women's health. | traditional taxonomic methods of botanical identification that rely primarily on morphological observations cannot be used efficiently when only powdered plant materials are available. thus, our objectives were to determine if we could apply a molecular approach to: a) produce unique dna profiles that are characteristic of the species, and b) determine if the geographical area or time of collection influences these dna profiles. towards this end, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analyses ... | 2002 | 12587700 |
| bermudagrass management in the southern piedmont u.s. iv. soil surface nitrogen pools. | the fate of nitrogen (n) applied in forage-based agricultural systems is important for understanding the long-term production and environmental impacts of a particular management strategy. we evaluated the factorial combination of three types of n fertilization (inorganic, crimson clover [trifolium incarnatum l.] cover crop plus inorganic, and chicken [gallus gallus] broiler litter pressure and four types of harvest strategy (unharvested forage, low and high cattle [bos taurus] grazing pressure, ... | 2001 | 12806068 |
| influence of cover crops on insect pests and predators in conservation tillage cotton. | in fall 2000, an on-farm sustainable agricultural research project was established for cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in tift county, georgia. the objective of our 2-yr research project was to determine the impact of several cover crops on pest and predator insects in cotton. the five cover crop treatments included 1) cereal rye, secale cereale l., a standard grass cover crop; 2) crimson clover, trifolium incarnatum l., a standard legume cover crop; 3) a legume mixture of balansa clover, trifoli ... | 2004 | 15384330 |
| cattle performance and production when grazing bermudagrass at two forage mass levels in the southern piedmont. | performance and production of growing cattle (bos taurus) on coastal bermudagrass [cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.] pasture are affected by forage allowance, but possible interactions with fertilizer nutrient source (i.e., inorganic vs. organic) and time have not been well described. we evaluated the effects of 3 nutrient sources with equivalent n rates: 1) inorganic, 2) crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.) cover crop plus inorganic, and 3) chicken (gallus gallus) broiler litter, factorially arr ... | 2007 | 17224465 |
| no-choice preference of cerotoma trifurcata (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) to potential host plants of bean pod mottle virus (comoviridae) in iowa. | to better understand the naturally occurring host range of bean pod mottle virus (family comoviridae, genus comovirus, bpmv) and its principal vector cerotoma trifurcata (förster) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), 18 field-collected perennial plant species were tested for the presence of bpmv. by using no-choice assays, we determined the preference of these plants by bean leaf beetle, by measuring their level of herbivory relative to soybean, glycine max (l.). new food hosts for adult bean leaf beetl ... | 2007 | 17598542 |
| metabolic fate of nicotinamide in higher plants. | metabolism of [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was surveyed in various plant materials including the model plants, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa and lotus japonicus. in all plants studied, nicotinamide was used for the pyridine (nicotinamide adenine) nucleotide synthesis, probably after conversion to nicotinic acid. radioactivity from [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was incorporated into trigonelline (1-n-methylnicotinic acid) and/or into nicotinic acid 1n-glucoside (na-glc). trigonelline is formed ma ... | 2007 | 18251891 |
| effects of a killed-cover crop mulching system on sweetpotato production, soil pests, and insect predators in south carolina. | sweetpotatoes, ipomoea batatas (l.) lam. (convolvulaceae), are typically grown on bare soil where weeds and erosion can be serious problems. conservation tillage systems using cover crop residues as mulch can help reduce these problems, but little is known about how conservation tillage affects yield and quality of sweetpotato or how these systems impact populations of beneficial and pest insects. therefore, field experiments were conducted at the u.s. vegetable laboratory, charleston, sc, in 20 ... | 2008 | 19133469 |
| effect of winter cover crops on nematode population levels in north florida. | two experiments were conducted in north-central florida to examine the effects of various winter cover crops on plant-parasitic nematode populations through time. in the first experiment, six winter cover crops were rotated with summer corn (zea mays), arranged in a randomized complete block design. the cover crops evaluated were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oat (avena sativa), lupine (lupinus angustifolius), hairy vetch (vicia villosa), and crimson clover (trifolium incarnat ... | 2004 | 19262833 |
| the influence of plant polyphenols on lipolysis and biohydrogenation in dried forages at different phenological stages: in vitro study. | it is known that forage legumes show a higher transfer efficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) to ruminant dairy products in comparison with grasses. legumes are usually characterised by moderate levels of plant secondary metabolites, which can have an effect on lipolysis and biohydrogenation in the rumen. an in vitro study was carried out to compare two species with different plant phenol compositions, vicia sativa (vs, common vetch, cv. jose) and trifolium incarnatum (ti, crimson clov ... | 2010 | 20355119 |
| grazing management and supplementation effects on forage and dairy cow performance on cool-season pastures in the southeastern united states. | cool-season annual forages provide high-quality herbage for up to 5 mo in the us gulf coast states, but their management in pasture-based dairy systems has received little attention. objectives of this study were to evaluate pasture and animal responses when lactating holstein cows (n=32, mean dim=184±21) grazed either n-fertilized rye (secale cereale l.)-annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) mixed pastures or rye-annual ryegrass-crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.)-red clover (trifolium ... | 2011 | 21787931 |
| nitrogen transfer from lupinus albus l., trifolium incarnatum l. and vicia sativa l. contribute differently to rapeseed (brassica napus l.) nitrogen nutrition. | nitrogen (n) transfer is well documented in legume-cereal intercropping but this is less often reported for legume-brassica intercrops even though brassica crops require higher levels of n fertilizers. the present study was carried out to quantify n transfer from legumes (lupinus albus l., trifolium incarnatum l. or vicia sativa l.) to rapeseed (brassica napus l.) using the split-root (15)n-labelling method. after three months we observed that legumes did not alter the growth of rapeseed. vetch ... | 2016 | 27656683 |
| cool-season annual pastures with clovers to supplement wintering beef cows nursing calves. | in december of 3 years, 87 beef cows with nursing calves (594 ± 9.8 kg; calving season, september to november) at side were stratified by body condition score, body weight, cow age, and calf gender and divided randomly into 6 groups assigned to 1 of 6 cool-season annual pastures (0.45 ha/cow) that had been interseeded into a dormant common bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.)/bahiagrass (paspalum notatum flugge) sod. pastures contained 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures (2 pastures/mixt ... | 2012 | 22958279 |
| effect of tillage and crop residue management on nematode densities on corn. | effects of winter cover crop management on nematode densities associated with a subsequent corn (zea mays) crop were examined in five sites in north florida. two sites had received winter cover crops of lupine (lupinus angustifolius), and one site each had rye (secale cereale), hairy vetch (vicia villosa), and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum). in each site, five different management regimes were compared: 1) conventional tillage after the cover crop was removed for forage; 2) conventional t ... | 1994 | 19279946 |
| allelopathic effects of juglone on germination and growth of several herbaceous and woody species. | laboratory experiments were conducted to determine juglone sensitivity of 16 species (trifolium incarnatum, coronilla varia, vicia villosa, lespedeza stipulacea, l. cuneata, acer ginnala, caragana arbor-escens, elaegnus angustifolia, e. umbellata, lonicera maackii, quercus alba, fraxinus americana, liriodendron tulipifera, alnus glutinosa, pinus strobus, andp. sylvestris) being considered for mixed plantings withjugions nigra (black walnut). all species were sensitive to juglone, but seed germin ... | 1983 | 24407348 |
| cover crops influence soil microorganisms and phytoextraction of copper from a moderately contaminated vineyard. | we investigated the ability of summer (avena sativa [oat], trifolium incarnatum [crimson clover], chenopodium [goosefoot]) and winter (vicia villosa [hairy vetch], secale cereale l. [rye], brassica napus l. partim [rape]) cover crops, including a mixed species treatment, to extract copper from an organic vineyard soil in situ and the microbial communities that may support it. clover had the highest copper content (14.3mgcukg(-1) dm). however, it was the amount of total biomass production that de ... | 2014 | 25217742 |
| effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil nutrient concentration and phosphatase activity and forage nutrient uptake from a grazed pasture system. | over a 3-year period, the effect of differing n-application regimes on soil extractable-p concentration, soil phosphatase activity, and forage p uptake in a p-enriched grazed-pasture system was investigated. in the fall of each year, six 0.28-ha plots were overseeded with triticale ( × triticosecale rimpaui wittm.) and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum) into a tall fescue (lolium arundinacea)/bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) sod and assigned to 1 of 3 n-fertilizer treatments (n = 2): 100% of n ... | 2015 | 25728918 |
| elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide effects on soybean and sorghum gas exchange in conventional and no-tillage systems. | increasing atmospheric co(2) concentration has led to concerns about potential effects on production agriculture. in the fall of 1997, a study was initiated to compare the response of two crop management systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage) to elevated co(2). the study used a split-plot design replicated three times with two management systems as main plots and two atmospheric co(2) levels (ambient and twice ambient) as split plots using open-top chambers on a decatur silt loam soil (cl ... | 2013 | 20176833 |
| changes in constructed brassica communities treated with glyphosate drift. | we constructed a mixed-species community designed to simulate roadside and field edge plant communities and exposed it to glyphosate drift in order to test three hypotheses: (1) higher fitness in transgenic brassica carrying the cp4 epsps transgene that confers resistance to glyphosate will result in significant changes in the plant community relative to control communities; (2) given repeated years of glyphosate drift selective pressure, the increased fitness of the transgenic brassica with cp4 ... | 2011 | 21563582 |
| influence of decomposition on chemical properties of plant- and manure-derived dissolved organic matter and sorption to goethite. | sorption of dissolved organic matter (dom) plays an important role in maintaining the fertility and quality of soils in agricultural ecosystems. few studies have examined the effects of decomposition on dom sorption and chemical characteristics. this study investigated the sorption to goethite (alpha-feooh) of fresh and decomposed hydrophilic (hpl) and hydrophobic (hpb) dom fractions extracted from the shoots and roots of crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.), corn (zea mays l.), soybean [gly ... | 2010 | 17215221 |
| volatile seed germination inhibitors from plant residues. | volatile emissions from residues of the winter cover legumes, berseem clover (trifolium alexandrinum l.), hairy vetch [vicia hirsuta (l.) s.f. gray], and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.), inhibited germination and seedling development of onion, carrot, and tomato. using gc-ms, 31 c2-c10 hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans, and monoterpenes were identified in these residue emission mixtures. mixtures of similar compounds were found in the volatiles released by herbi ... | 1990 | 24263582 |