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ultrastructure of sensory nerve terminals in the penis in green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).tje paper describes the ultrastructure of axons in the endings of various types from the corium in the glans penis in green monkey. in the meissner's endings the axons are mostly completely enveloped in the plasma of schwann cells. they contain numerous mitochondria which are partially vacuolated or are quite converted into vacuoles. next, there are pseudomyelinated figures, light vesicles and further organelles. in the papillar simple glomerular endings with accumulation of schwann cells there ...197799893
identity of euchromatic bands from man to cercopithecidae (cercopithecus aethiops, cercopithecus sabaeus, erythrocebus patas, and miopithecus talapoin).the karyotypes of four species of cercopithecidae: cercopithecus aethiops tantalus, c. sabaeus, erythrocebus patas, and miopithecus talapoin are analysed with nearly all the banding techniques. they are compared with each other, and with the karyotypes of the baboon p. papio and with that of man. it can be concluded that the quasi-totality or the totality of the euchromatin is common to all, but has undergone structural rearrangements, generally detectable. the heterochromatin, defined by c-band ...1978104920
implications for adult roles from differential styles of mother-infant bonding: an ethological study.ethological observations of maternal and infant behaviors of nine vervet monkey pairs (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) showed the effects of differential styles of early maternal responsiveness on later infant competence. those infants receiving the least amount of maternal responsiveness and the most time-off the mother in the first 3 months of development were more socially competent at 6 months of age. the results are discussed within current ethological "attachment" theories. the detachment ...1979105083
the effects of orbitofrontal lesions on the aggressive behavior of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). 1979113236
effect of oral estramustine phosphate on pituitary, gonadal, and adrenal function in the green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).we studied the effects of estramustine phosphate on pituitary, gonadal, and adrenal function in the green monkey. a 2-week course of estramustine phosphate (75 mg per day) reversibly suppressed the luteinizing hormone and testosterone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone but did not affect pituitary-adrenal function assessed by the 11-deoxycorticosterone response to metyrapone. treatment with oral estramustine phosphate also resulted in a significant increase in corticosteroid-bindi ...1977409695
sensory nerve endings in the penis in green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).the authors examined the sensory innervation of the skin in the penis in green monkey in four adult individuals both in the light and in the elctron microscope. they found 3 kings of nerve endings. the free nerve endings were the most frequently occurring kind of nerve endings in the superficial layers of the corium--altogether 6,444 in number. the second kind of sensory nerve endings is represented by the glomerular endings out of which 96 per cent were found in the papillae. the typical meissn ...1977417480
plasma catecholamines and social behavior in male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).many investigations in humans indicate that epinephrine, norepinephrine and their ratio may correlate with such traits as social competence, academic achievement, and aggression. however, the socioeconomic, dietary, and environmental confounds accompanying most human studies complicate their interpretation. social status, aggression, and other social behaviors can be reliably assessed in nonhuman primates under conditions controlling for crucial environmental factors. if interpretation of human ...19921615058
fenfluramine effects on serotonergic measures in vervet monkeys.chronic fenfluramine treatment reduced whole blood serotonin and csf 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, but increased aggressive and locomotor behavior, in adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). following a drug-free washout period to monitor the drug recovery course, we initiated a second period of fenfluramine treatment in the same animals. when whole blood serotonin concentrations were reduced by about 40% from predrug baseline levels, we examined 11 cortical and subcortical bra ...19911687165
in vitro hiv infection of primate lymphocytes.peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from four different primate species were tested for their respective ability to support the "in vitro" replication of the human immunodeficiency viruses, hiv-1, and hiv-2. pbmc of cebus apella, patas (erythrocebus patas), green (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) and rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were infected "in vitro" with either hiv-1 or hiv-2. cultures were assayed weekly for particle-associated reverse transcriptase activity. both viruses w ...19901706529
grafting of fetal substantia nigra to striatum reverses behavioral deficits induced by mptp in primates: a comparison with other types of grafts as controls.fetal substantia nigra (sn) cells were transplanted into the caudate nucleus (cn) of four vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) that had been treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp). mptp treatment appears to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease. normal and parkinsonian behaviors were quantitated by trained observers 5 days/week. twenty-eight behaviors based on previous factor analyses were individually sco ...19911893983
retention of leptospiral agglutinins and long-term response to administration of monoclonal antibodies in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) on barbados.in a study of 21 wild-caught barbadian vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus), naturally-acquired leptospiral agglutinins were found to persist for over five years. groups of seropositive as well as seronegative vervets were given a placebo, or full-strength monoclonal antibodies mca f12c3 (icterohaemorrhagiae copenhageni), or diluted f12c3 mcas. they were challenged 24 hours later with a suspension of highly virulent leptospires (copenhageni) administered intraperitoneally. immunoprote ...19911915792
alui and haeiii restriction enzyme banding patterns of macaca fuscata and cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus chromosomes.alui and haeiii restriction endonuclease banding patterns were analyzed in macaca fuscata and cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus chromosomes. alui produced c-negative bands in both species of monkeys, while haeiii induced the appearance of c-negative bands on macaca chromosomes and of simultaneous g + c bands on cercopithecus metaphases.19912004559
species-specific diversity among simian immunodeficiency viruses from african green monkeys.the prevalence, natural history, and genetic characteristics of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections in most feral african monkey species are presently unknown, yet this information is essential to elucidate their origin and relationship to other simian and human immunodeficiency viruses. in this study, a combination of classical and molecular approaches were used to identify and characterize siv isolates from west african green monkeys (cercopithecus sabaeus) (sivagm isolates). four s ...19912033656
cognitive and motor deficits in the performance of an object retrieval task with a barrier-detour in monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) treated with mptp: long-term performance and effect of transparency of the barrier.to assess the stability of neural deficits produced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp), the performance of monkeys on an object retrieval (detour) task was studied. the task required retrieval of a banana slice from a transparent box open on one side and fastened to a tray in front of the cage. the orientation of the open side, position on the tray, and position of the banana in the box were manipulated to vary the difficulty of the trials. six african green monkeys (cercopit ...19902206426
cognitive and motor deficits in the acquisition of an object retrieval/detour task in mptp-treated monkeys.to assess functional changes following treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) in monkeys, we studied a task that reveals sensitivity to dopamine deficits under various conditions. the task required retrieval of a banana slice from a transparent box that is open on one side and fastened to a tray. successful performance required the subject to suppress a tendency to reach directly at the reward while (1) orientation of the open side, (2) position on the tray, and (3) ...19902364263
effects of chronic fenfluramine on blood serotonin, cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, and behavior in monkeys.the effects of long term (70 days) fenfluramine treatment on selected physiological and behavioral measures were examined in four adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). relative to pretreatment baseline values, whole blood serotonin (wbs) and cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-hiaa) were reduced, cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid (hva) was unaltered, and aggressive and locomotor behavior were increased. both physiological and behavioral effects were rever ...19862433707
early experience and cross-generational continuity of mother-infant contact in vervet monkeys.this report presents evidence that suggests that spontaneously-occurring variation in early mother-infant experience within the normal range can influence primate mothering behavior in the next generation. longitudinal observations of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) living in naturally composed captive social groups demonstrated that the average amount of contact that mothers maintained with their infants in the first six months of life could be predicted by the amount of mother- ...19892806728
[a computer ethological-pharmacological analysis of the intraspecific behavior of primates].experiments were performed on primates (cercopithecus sabeus, macaca maurus, cebus apella). possibility to formalize the structure of normal and pathological monkey behaviour was shown by computerized technique. rigid dominant-subordinate structures (linear type) were demonstrated on macaca maurus, cercopithecus sabeus, cebus apella. these structures display some variants of normal relationship between monkeys. raising in isolation from conspecifics determines behavioural disadaptation and patho ...19883188647
comparison of ketamine, physical restraint, halothane and pentobarbital: lack of influence on serotonergic measures in monkeys and rats.the consequences of the use of ketamine for immobilization have been examined on the concentration of whole blood serotonin, concentrations of neurotransmitters and metabolites in csf and brain, and specific binding of ligands related to neurotransmitters in brain. vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) were examined under conditions which compared ketamine with physical restraint and with halothane. it was found that ketamine, used acutely in monkeys for restraint, had no influence on ...19873431664
vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) whole blood serotonin level is determined by platelet uptake sites.whole blood serotonin levels in adult male vervet monkeys living in social groups are sensitive to the animals' social environment. the mechanisms that translate different behavioral and environmental cues into altered whole blood serotonin levels are unknown. in this study, we have measured platelet number, size, serotonin content, and serotonin uptake, as well as the serum concentrations of tryptophan, mg+2 and ca+2. results showed that whole blood serotonin levels, platelet serotonin content, ...19873626771
serum testosterone, male dominance, and aggression in captive groups of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).the relationship of serum testosterone concentration to male dominance rank and frequency of aggression was investigated in stable vervet monkey social groups, each containing two or three adult males, several adult females, and their offspring. dominance relationships were determined by noting an animal's success in intermale aggressive encounters. a striking finding was the marked within-subject variation in testosterone concentration: 5- to 10-fold fluctuations were often observed on successi ...19854040114
schistosoma mansoni infections in cercopithecus sabaeus monkeys. 19674965714
leptospires in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) on barbados.agglutinins to leptospira were found at titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 in 150 of 501 (29.9%) vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) bled within 1 mo of capture in barbados. including a further 34 of 145 bled within 1 yr of capture, the seropositivity prevalence was 28.5%. a further 35 monkeys (5.4%) had traces of agglutinins or gave titers of 1:50. the proportion of seropositive adults (41.5%) was more than twice that of seropositive immature monkeys (17.6%). among adults, 49. ...19873820429
morphological characteristics of the gyrus dentatus in some animal species and in man.comparative anatomical investigations have been carried out on the gyrus dentatus of rat, fox, cattle, domestic pig, monkey (cercopithecus sabeus) and man. after removal of the brain stem and scaling off the brain substance from the medial aspect towards the lateral aspect, the gyrus dentatus was preserved and its relation with regard to the hippocampus, the fimbria hippocampi and the gyrus parahippocampalis was studied. a rat's gyrus dentatus occupies a rather wide zone on the medial aspect of ...19863717598
the st. kitts green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus): ecology, population dynamics, and selected behavioral traits. 19724624017
immunoprecipitins in schistosoma mansoni infections. 3. cercopithecus sabaeus and macaca mulatta monkeys exposed to irradiated cercariae and subsequently challenged. 19715545026
male dominance, serotonergic systems, and the behavioral and physiological effects of drugs in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). 19836316362
serotonergic influences on the social behavior of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). 19806444893
effect of orbitofrontal and temporal neocortical lesions of the affiliative behavior of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). 19817262243
peripheral correlates of serotonergically-influenced behaviors in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).the associations among twelve behaviors and three potential peripheral markers of central serotonergic activity were investigated in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). the behaviors monitored included approach, heterogroom, rest, eat, avoid, be solitary, be vigilant, huddle, initiate aggress, receive aggress, and engage in sexual behavior. the biochemical parameters measured were whole blood serotonin, plasma free tryptophan, and plasma total tryptophan. throughout the study period ...19816784141
menstrual cycle and social behavior in vervet monkeys.we assessed the relationship between social behavior and the menstrual cycle in 11 adult female vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) living in an established, stable social group. the findings indicated that fluctuations in ovarian steroids are accompanied by behavioral changes in vervet monkeys. a significant increase in aggressive action, avoidance of social overtures, and retreats from threat occurred during the late luteal phase. however, the social environment can greatly affect ...19957777657
[addition to the scheme of ecologic variants of staphylococcus aureus].altogether 55 s. aureus strains were isolated from the nose and skin of 2 monkey species (cercopithecus sabaeus and macaca fascicularis). the strains were studied in 19 biological tests. 45 of these strains were found to differ in their biological properties from the ecological s. aureus variants described in literature. of these grounds the strains were classified with the new ecovar simiae comprising 2 subvariants. the strains of the ecovar simiae coagulated human plasma, did not coagulate bov ...19817282191
regulatory genes of simian immunodeficiency viruses from west african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).the high seroprevalence of simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) in african green monkeys (agms) without immunological defects in their natural hosts has prompted consideration of siv-infected agms as a model of apathogenic siv infection. study of the molecular mechanisms of sivagm asymptomatic infection could thus provide clues for understanding the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency viruses. regulatory genes could be candidates for genetic control of sivagm apathogenicity. we have charact ...19957474168
simian immunodeficiency viruses from central and western africa: evidence for a new species-specific lentivirus in tantalus monkeys.although up to 50% of african green monkeys (agms) are infected by simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv) in their natural habitat, they remain asymptomatic carriers of these lentiviruses. they provide an attractive model to study not only the origin but also the link among genetic variation, host-virus adaptation, and pathogenicity of primate lentiviruses. sivagm have been isolated from three species of agm: the vervet (cercopithecus pygerythrus), the grivet (cercopithecus aethiops), and the sab ...19938437214
quantitative histological studies of primate corneas after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.to evaluate histological changes in the primate cornea after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (prk) and to correlate them with clinical observations.19948053825
simian immunodeficiency virus infection in a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas): evidence for cross-species transmission from african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) in the wild.socio-ethological studies on troops of african green monkeys (agms) (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) and patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) in senegal have documented physical contacts between these two species. elevated simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) seroprevalence rates have been reported for the different agm subspecies. we report here the extent to which patas monkeys are infected and compare the relatedness of the viruses isolated from theses two different species. among the 85 agms an ...19968627266
effects of large neutral amino acid concentrations on 6-[f-18]fluoro-l-dopa kinetics.6-[f-18]fluoro-l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (fdopa) has been used to measure the central dopaminergic function in many species, including humans and monkeys. for transport across the blood brain barrier (bbb), fdopa competes with plasma large neutral amino acids (lnaa). in this article we evaluate the effects of normal physiological lnaa concentration variation on bbb transport (k1) and the fdopa uptake measurement, ki. we also investigate a method for reducing the dependency of fdopa quantitati ...19989428304
severe long-term 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) produces parkinsonian neurochemical and functional deficits in human and non-human primates. the utility of mptp-induced parkinsonism in monkeys as an animal model of parkinson's disease would be greater if it produced a persistent and stable behavioural syndrome so that the effects of novel therapeutic treatments can be accurately assessed. further, the claim that many species including primates spontaneously recover from mptp i ...19979316026
[18f]fluoro-beta-fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine derivatives show stereo, geometrical, and regio specificities as in vivo central dopaminergic probes in monkeys.stereo (d and l), geometrical (e and z), and regiospecific (2-, 4-, and 6-[18f]fluoro) analogs of beta-fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine (fmmt) have been investigated in adult vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, n = 12) in vivo with positron emission tomography (pet). brain transport through the blood-brain barrier and central aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (aaad)-mediated decarboxylation rates were established. results show strict structural dependency of the kinetic behavior of radiofl ...199910382838
efferent synaptic connections of dopaminergic neurons grafted into the caudate nucleus of experimentally induced parkinsonian monkeys are different from those of control animals.this study investigated the question of whether grafted dopamine cells in the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated monkeys form synapses and, if they do, whether their postsynaptic targets were the same as those in control monkeys or in previous studies in rats. electron-microscopic single immunostaining was performed for tyrosine hydroxylase on vibratome sections prepared from the head of the caudate nucleus of controls and mptp-treated african green monkeys ( ...19989860271
mutations in ccr5-coding sequences are not associated with siv carrier status in african nonhuman primates.african monkeys can be naturally infected with siv but do not progress to aids. since mutations in the human ccr5 gene have been shown to influence susceptibility to hiv infection and disease progression, we have now investigated whether mutations in ccr5-coding sequences in african nonhuman primates can explain species-specific differences in susceptibility to lentiviral infection. the animals studied comprise chronically infected monkeys corresponding to four natural hosts of siv (cercopithecu ...199910408730
dynamic changes in cerebral glucose metabolism in conscious infant monkeys during the first year of life as measured by positron emission tomography.recently, advances in spatial resolution have provided the opportunity to utilize positron emission tomography (pet) to examine local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (lcmr(glc)) in large animals noninvasively, thereby allowing repeated lcmr(glc) measurements in the same animal. previous studies have attempted to describe the ontogeny of cerebral glucose metabolism in anesthetized nonhuman primates using [18f]fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg) and pet. however, the use of sedation during the tracer up ...200010775767
the transentorhinal cortex of the african green monkey: a combined light- and electron-microscopic study of calcium-binding protein containing neurons.the transentorhinal cortex (tec) is a primate-specific transition zone between the entorhinal allocortex and the temporal isocortex. neurons in the lamina pre-alpha of tec are known to be the first to develop intraneuronal changes in the course of alzheimer's disease. in order to shed light on this important feature, we studied as yet unknown morphological and neurochemical characteristics of the tec of the african green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). using light- and electron-microsco ...200010985433
social impulsivity inversely associated with csf 5-hiaa and fluoxetine exposure in vervet monkeys.animal and human research suggests that the central serotonin system is involved in the inhibition of impulsive behavior. two studies were designed to assess this relationship in male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) using a standardized test of impulsivity in a social context: the intruder challenge. in the first study, an index of impulsivity in response to an unfamiliar adult male intruder (including latency to approach and aggressive and assertive interactions) was inversely c ...200111182532
individual differences in response to a stranger: social impulsivity as a dimension of temperament in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).social impulsivity in response to a stranger was assessed in male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) using the intruder challenge test. vervets (n = 128, ages 3-18 years) were presented with an unfamiliar adult male at the periphery of the home enclosure. an index of impulsivity reflecting variation in the tendency to rapidly approach, engage, and challenge the intruder was derived from factor analysis of behavioral responses. scale reliability (alpha = .84) and test-retest consiste ...200111334215
effectiveness of human microsatellite loci for assessing paternity in a captive colony of vervets (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).microsatellite polymorphisms are playing an increasingly vital role in primatological research, and are particularly useful for paternity exclusion in both wild and captive populations. although vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) are commonly studied in both settings, few previous studies have utilized microsatellite markers for assessing genetic variation in this species. in a pilot project to assess paternity in the ucla-va vervet monkey research colony (vmrc), we screened 55 commercially a ...200211948640
gonadal hormones are responsible for maintaining the integrity of spine synapses in the ca1 hippocampal subfield of female nonhuman primates.it is well established that gonadal hormonal manipulation results in morphologic changes in the rat hippocampus. the great similarities in the hippocampal formation between nonhuman primates and humans, as well as the differences in this structure between humans and rats, led to this investigation of whether hormonal manipulation in female subhuman primates influences pyramidal cell spine density in the ca1 hippocampal subfield, as it does in rats. african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops s ...200211967893
the finding of an inverse relationship between social dominance and feeding priority among pairs of unfamiliar adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).dominance is often presumed to confer priority of access to resources. this study evaluated the relationship between two assessments of dominance: (1) social dominance, based on agonistic interactions and (2) feeding priority among pairs of unfamiliar adult vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) differing in scrotal colour, but matched for height, weight and testicular volume, during paired introduction experiments. results of this investigation showed that neither size differences nor ...200212082301
[experimental models of parkinson's disease].parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition who is related to a large loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons leading to a depletion of dopamine in the striatum. experimental research is required in order to increase our knowledge on the cellular mechanism and functional consequences of this degenerative process. these models allow investigations of new therapeutics in order to improve the treatment of patients or to test new drugs able to protect any remaining dopaminergic neurons. it is r ...200211976545
the spinal arachnoid villi of the monkeys cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus and macaca irus. 196313999821
[comparative study of the sensitivity of cultures of renal tissue from cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus and macacus philippinensis to poliomyelitis virus and to other human enteric viruses]. 195513302862
a preliminary investigation on the gastrointestinal helminths of the barbados green monkey, cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus.faecal samples were collected from fifty three freshly captured monkeys which were kept at the barbados primate research centre and wildlife reserve (bprcwr). examination of these samples for gastrointestinal helminths using the zinc sulphate floatation method revealed an overall infection rate of 88.7%. the parasites observed included strongyloides (62.4%), physaloptera (58.5%), trichuris (52.8%), hookworm (34.0%), oesophagostomum (30.2%), trichostrongylus (3.8%) and ascaris (5.7%). no signific ...200314502345
approach to a social stranger is associated with low central nervous system serotonergic responsivity in female cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis).it is widely hypothesized that individual differences in central nervous system (cns) serotonergic activity underlie dimensional variation in "impulsive" vs. "inhibited" social behavior in both humans and nonhuman primates. to assess relative impulsivity in a social context, a behavioral challenge involving animals' exposure to a social stranger (termed the "intruder challenge") was recently validated in adolescent and adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). among these anima ...200314669270
the influence of geographic isolation on the skull of the green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). ii. the cranial dimensions of the st kitts and the african green monkey. 195114853963
the influence of geographic isolation on the skull of the green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). iii. the developmental stability of the skulls and teeth of the st kitts and african green monkey. 195114853964
low ca1 spine synapse density is further reduced by castration in male non-human primates.the hippocampus plays a major role in learning and memory and its morphology and function are readily affected by gonadal hormones in female non-human primates. we sought to determine whether the gonads also affect pyramidal cell spine synapse density in the ca1 hippocampal area of male primates. unbiased electron microscopic stereological calculations were performed to determine the volumetric density of pyramidal cell spine synapses and semiquantitative analyses on the surface density of glial ...200415054066
multiple dose toxicity study of the humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody h-r3 intravenously administered to cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus monkeys.the h-r3 is a humanized growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody (mab) in development for the treatment of head and neck tumours in which malignant cells overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor. the present study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of repeated intravenous doses of the h-r3 mab in a relevant species demonstrated by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical (ihc) technique in skin biopsy samples from three cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus monkeys (green monkeys). ...200415222399
the influence of geographic isolation on the skull of the green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). i. a comparison between the teeth of the st kitts and the african green monkey. 195015430321
effects of age and sex on hematologic and serum biochemical values of vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).hematologic and serum biochemical values are of great importance in assessing animal health. normal reference ranges for vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) have seldom been reported, making it difficult for clinicians to interpret blood values. the purpose of this study was to determine what effects age and sex have on hematologic and serum biochemical values of vervet monkeys and to establish clinically relevant reference ranges for all life stages of each gender. blood samples were ...200515697196
killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) of the african-origin sabaeus monkey: evidence for recombination events in the evolution of kir.killer cell immunoglobulin (ig)-like receptors (kir) were characterized in the west african sabaeus monkey (chlorocebus sabaeus) to elucidate the mechanism by which diversity evolves in this family of molecules. complementary dna encoding four forms of kir molecules, including kir3dl, kir2dl4, kir2dl5, and kir3dh forms, were identified in two unrelated sabaeus monkeys. a novel hybrid form showing features found in both kir2dl5 and kir3dh was also identified. both the kir3dl and kir3dh forms from ...200515714591
impact of viral factors on very early in vivo replication profiles in simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm-infected african green monkeys.to better understand which factors govern the levels of viral loads in early lentiviral infections of primates, we developed a model that allows distinguishing between the influences of host and viral factors on viremia. herein we report that two species of african green monkeys (chlorocebus sabaeus and c. pygerythrus) infected with their respective wild-type simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm viruses (sivagm.sab92018 and sivagm.ver644) consistently showed reproducible differences in viremia d ...200515858009
simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm.sab infection of caribbean african green monkeys: a new model for the study of siv pathogenesis in natural hosts.caribbean-born african green monkeys (agms) were classified as chlorocebus sabaeus by cytochrome b sequencing. guided by these phylogenetic analyses, we developed a new model for the study of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection in natural hosts by inoculating caribbean agms with their species-specific sivagm.sab. sivagm.sab replicated efficiently in caribbean agm peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. during sivagm.sab primary infection of six caribbean agms, the virus replicated ...200616641277
comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus sivagmver replication and cd4+ t-cell dynamics in vervet and sabaeus african green monkeys.the simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv) naturally infect a wide range of african primates, including african green monkeys (agm). despite moderate to high levels of plasma viremia in naturally infected agm, infection is not associated with immunodeficiency. we recently reported that sivagmver90 isolated from a naturally infected vervet agm induced aids following experimental inoculation of pigtailed macaques. the goal of the present study was to evaluate the replication of this isolate in two ...200616641278
dopamine d2/d3 receptors play a specific role in the reversal of a learned visual discrimination in monkeys.converging evidence supports a role for mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic systems in a subject's ability to shift behavior in response to changing stimulus-reward contingencies. to characterize the dopaminergic mechanisms involved in this function, we quantified the effects of subtype-specific dopamine (da) receptor antagonists on acquisition, retention, and reversal of a visual discrimination task in non-human primates (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). we used a modified wisconsin general test appar ...200717299511
uterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in an african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).a uterine mass was detected on physical exam in a multiparous african green monkey as an incidental finding, and the well-circumscribed mass was removed via hysterectomy. histologically, the mass consisted of sheets, nests, and cords of uniform intermediate trophoblastic cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. these neoplastic cells aggregated around blood vessels, forming islands of viable tumor cells amid extensive areas of coagulative necrosis with calcification in a 'geographic' pattern ...200717343360
a genetic linkage map of the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).the spectacular progress in genomics increasingly highlights the importance of comparative biology in biomedical research. in particular, nonhuman primates, as model systems, provide a crucial intermediate between humans and mice. the close similarities between humans and other primates are stimulating primate studies in virtually every area of biomedical research, including development, anatomy, physiology, immunology, and behavior. the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) is an importa ...200717629771
primatb stat-pak assay, a novel, rapid lateral-flow test for tuberculosis in nonhuman primates.tuberculosis (tb) is the most important zoonotic bacterial disease in nonhuman primates (nhp). the current diagnostic method, the intradermal palpebral tuberculin test, has serious shortcomings. we characterized antibody responses in nhp against mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify immunodominant antigens and develop a rapid serodiagnostic test for tb. a total of 422 nhp were evaluated, including 243 rhesus (macaca mulatta), 46 cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis), and 133 african green (cercopith ...200717652522
systemic and skin toxicity in cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus monkeys treated during 26 weeks with a high intravenous dose of the anti- epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab.nimotuzumab (h-r3) is a humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody (mab) registered for treating head and neck tumours. the present study was designed to evaluate the systemic and skin toxicity of chronic intravenous administration of the h-r3 in a relevant species demonstrated by comparing the h-r3 binding affinity constants (kd) in microsomal placental fractions from homo sapiens and cercopithecus aethiops monkeys using an egf-receptor radioligand competition assay. th ...200717827980
secondary sexual coloration and csf 5-hiaa are correlated in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).identifying indirect markers of the physiology or neuroendocrinology of a primate can provide a powerful tool to scientists. anecdotal descriptions and recent experimental evidence suggests that the colorful sexual skin in adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) might be sensitive to social changes, including dominance relationships, which could be related to serotonergic activity. the present study examined whether individual differences in scrotal coloration were related to ...200717976039
a quantitative trait locus for variation in dopamine metabolism mapped in a primate model using reference sequences from related species.non-human primates (nhp) provide crucial research models. their strong similarities to humans make them particularly valuable for understanding complex behavioral traits and brain structure and function. we report here the genetic mapping of an nhp nervous system biologic trait, the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) concentration of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (hva), in an extended inbred vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) pedigree. csf hva is an index of cns dopamine activity, w ...200717884980
immunization with a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing a hepatitis c virus core-e1 polyprotein variant, protects mice and african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) against challenge with a surrogate vaccinia virus.hcv (hepatitis c virus) is a worldwide health problem nowadays. no preventive vaccine is available against this pathogen, and therapeutic treatments currently in use have important drawbacks, including limited efficacy. in the present work a recombinant fowlpox virus, fpcoe1, expressing a truncated hcv core-e1 polyprotein, was generated. fpcoe1 virus generally failed to elicit a humoral immune response against hcv antigens in balb/c mice. by contrast, mice inoculated with fpcoe1 elicited a posit ...200818215116
intravitreal colchicine causes decreased rnfl birefringence without altering rnfl thickness.to test the hypothesis that longitudinal differences between retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) birefringence, measured by scanning laser polarimetry (slp), and rnfl thickness, measured by optical coherence tomography (oct), are informative about the state of axonal degeneration.200818172100
human neural stem cells migrate along the nigrostriatal pathway in a primate model of parkinson's disease.although evidence of damage-directed neural stem cell (nsc) migration has been well-documented in the rodent, to our knowledge it has never been confirmed or quantified using human nsc (hnsc) in an adult non-human primate modeling a human neurodegenerative disease state. in this report, we attempt to provide that confirmation, potentially advancing basic stem cell concepts toward clinical relevance. hnscs were implanted into the caudate nucleus (bilaterally) and substantia nigra (unilaterally) o ...200818394605
knowing what counts: unbiased stereology in the non-human primate brain.the non-human primate is an important translational species for understanding the normal function and disease processes of the human brain. unbiased stereology, the method accepted as state-of-the-art for quantification of biological objects in tissue sections, generates reliable structural data for biological features in the mammalian brain. the key components of the approach are unbiased (systematic-random) sampling of anatomically defined structures (reference spaces), combined with quantific ...200919444156
dissecting the non-human primate brain in stereotaxic space.the use of non-human primates provides an excellent translational model for our understanding of developmental and aging processes in humans(1-6). in addition, the use of non-human primates has recently afforded the opportunity to naturally model complex psychiatric disorders such as alcohol abuse(7). here we describe a technique for blocking the brain in the coronal plane of the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabeus) in the intact skull in stereotaxic space. the method described here provi ...200919609252
identification of brain transcriptional variation reproduced in peripheral blood: an approach for mapping brain expression traits.genome-wide gene expression studies may provide substantial insight into gene activities and biological pathways differing between tissues and individuals. we investigated such gene expression variation by analyzing expression profiles in brain tissues derived from eight different brain regions and from blood in 12 monkeys from a biomedically important non-human primate model, the vervet (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). we characterized brain regional differences in gene expression, focusing on t ...200919692348
viremia and antibody response in green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) infected with dengue virus type 2: a potential model for vaccine testing.the increasingly limited availability and high cost of the hitherto most commonly used monkey species in dengue vaccine research has augmented the importance of identifying alternative suitable models for these studies. in this study we examined the capacity of green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) to develop dengue viremia, and thus provide a potential model for dengue vaccine testing. monkeys were inoculated with two different doses of dengue virus type 2. all animals in both groups bec ...200919714858
immunogenicity and some safety features of a vegf-based cancer therapeutic vaccine in rats, rabbits and non-human primates.we have developed a cancer vaccine candidate (hereafter denominated cigb-247), based on recombinant modified human vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) as antigen, and the adjuvant vssp (very small sized proteoliposomes of neisseria meningitidis outer membrane). in mice, previous work of our group had shown that vaccination with cigb-247 extended tumor-take time, slowed tumor growth, and increased animal survival. immunization elicited anti-human and murine vegf-neutralizing antibodies, and ...201020197134
susceptibility of cebus capucina (the south american ringtail monkey) and cercopithecus cephus (the african mustache monkey) to poliomyelitis virus.1. the south american ringtail monkey, cebus capucina, has been infected with the virus of poliomyelitis as found in ultracentrifuged concentrates from poliomyelitic human stools. 2. this species was also found susceptible to poliomyelitis virus found in rhesus and cynomolgus monkey cords, representing early generations of virus derived from two different human sources and from flies trapped in an epidemic area. 3. the hartford strain of poliomyelitis has been successfully established in differe ...194319871327
experimental poliomyelitis in cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus (the green african monkey) by oral and other routes.the green african monkey, cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, has been infected with experimental poliomyelitis after feeding artificially contaminated food. this species is also highly susceptible to intracerebral, intranasal, and intraabdominal inoculations. in one experiment with a human stool from a case of poliomyelitis, cercopithecus was more susceptible to intranasal and to intraabdominal inoculation than macaca mulatta.194119871089
suppression of adaptive immune responses during primary siv infection of sabaeus african green monkeys delays partial containment of viremia but does not induce disease.one of the most puzzling observations in hiv research is the lack of pathogenicity in most nonhuman primate species that are natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection. despite this, natural hosts experience a level of viremia similar to humans infected with hiv or macaques infected with siv. to determine the role of adaptive immune responses in viral containment and lack of disease, we delayed the generation of cellular and humoral immune responses by administering anti-cd8- ...201020147699
prevalence of hypermucoid klebsiella pneumoniae among wild-caught and captive vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) on the island of st. kitts.invasive, hypermucoid klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe abscess formation in humans and in certain species of nonhuman primates. we conducted a survey of captive and wild-caught african green monkeys, or vervets (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), on the caribbean island of st. kitts to assess their carriage rate of klebsiella spp. forty percent of rectal swabs from captive monkeys were positive for k. pneumoniae, and 20% of wild-caught animals were positive. two wild-caught monkeys (4%) were posi ...201020688708
evaluation of miosis, behavior and cholinesterase inhibition from low-level, whole-body vapor exposure to soman in african green monkeys (chlorocebus sabeus).relatively little is known about the effects of very low-level exposures to nerve agents where few signs or symptoms are present.201020412376
hematological, biochemical, respiratory, cardiovascular and electroneurophysiological parameters in african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). its use in non-clinical toxicological studies.the purpose of this study is to better characterize the hematological, biochemical, respiratory, cardiovascular and electroneurophysiological parameters in young adult cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus of both sexes. the rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys are widely used as experimental primate models. however, only few articles have been published testing toxicological effects of pharmaceuticals on african green monkey.201020345770
clinicopathologic characterization of naturally occurring diabetes mellitus in vervet monkeys.diabetes mellitus (dm) is a group of chronic metabolic diseases characterized by persistent fasting hyperglycemia, and it can be of either polygenic or monogenic origin. animal models have played an important role in elucidating the pathophysiology of the polygenic type 1 and type 2 dm forms; however, useful animal models of the monogenic forms do not exist. the authors describe 4 cases of naturally occurring dm in vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), 1 of which has clinicopathologic f ...201020460450
the third branch of the main trunk of the left coronary artery in cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus. is the nonhuman primate model appropriate?the aim of this study was to investigate the morphometry of branching patterns of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (mt of lca) in nonhuman primates, and comment on the current nomenclature. the biometric study was performed using stereomicroscopic dissection of hearts of healthy and fertile nonhuman primates (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) of both sexes. our results reveal that the mt of lca terminates in a bifurcation into the anterior interventricular branch (aib) and the circumflex ...201121809460
Delayed match-to-sample performance in African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus): effects of benzodiazepine, cholinergic, and anticholinergic drugs.Delayed match-to-sample (DMTS) procedures are among the most commonly used attention and memory tasks in behavioral pharmacology and have been utilized in a variety of species. Although macaque species such as the rhesus and cynomolgus macaque are often used for such studies, availability and disease transmission raise concerns over their use. The present study investigated whether the African green monkey might function as a suitable alternative by evaluating operant performance on a DMTS task ...201122027713
a novelty seeking phenotype is related to chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity reflected by hair cortisol.reduced hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (hpa) activity is associated with greater novelty seeking in humans. hair cortisol represents an integrated proxy measure of total cortisol production/release over an extended period of time and may be a valuable tool for tracking the hpa system. sampling approaches (collection of blood, saliva, urine, or feces) for socially housed nonhuman primates present a number of technical challenges for collection particularly when repeated sampling is necessary. her ...201121396388
planum temporale grey matter asymmetries in chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), vervet (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), rhesus (macaca mulatta) and bonnet (macaca radiata) monkeys.brain asymmetries, particularly asymmetries within regions associated with language, have been suggested as a key difference between humans and our nearest ancestors. these regions include the planum temporale (pt) - the bank of tissue that lies posterior to heschl's gyrus and encompasses wernicke's area, an important brain region involved in language and speech in the human brain. in the human brain, both the surface area and the grey matter volume of the pt are larger in the left compared to r ...201121447349
genetic identity and biological phenotype of a transmitted/founder virus representative of nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in african green monkeys.understanding the lack of disease progression in nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections is essential for deciphering the immunopathogenesis of human aids. yet, in vivo studies have been hampered by a paucity of infectious molecular clones (imcs) of siv suitable to dissect the viral and host factors responsible for the nonpathogenic phenotype. here, we describe the identification, cloning, and biological analysis of the first transmitted/founder (t/f) virus representing a no ...201020881048
population bottlenecks and pathogen extinction: "make this everyone's mission to mars, including yours".kapusinszky et al. (j virol 89:8152-8161, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00671-15) report that host population bottlenecks may result in pathogen extinction, which provides a compelling argument for an alternative approach to vaccination for the control of virus spread. by comparing the prevalence levels of three viral pathogens in two populations of african green monkeys (agms) (chlorocebus sabaeus) from africa and two caribbean islands, they convincingly show that a major host bottleneck ...201526018162
factors associated with siman immunodeficiency virus transmission in a natural african nonhuman primate host in the wild.african green monkeys (agms) are naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) at high prevalence levels and do not progress to aids. sexual transmission is the main transmission route in agm, while mother-to-infant transmission (mtit) is negligible. we investigated siv transmission in wild agms to assess whether or not high siv prevalence is due to differences in mucosal permissivity to siv (i.e., whether the genetic bottleneck of viral transmission reported in humans and macaques ...201424623416
interaction of non-human primate complement and antibodies with hypermucoviscous klebsiella pneumoniae.emergent hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotypes of klebsiella pneumoniae have been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. in this study, we investigated the interaction of african green monkeys (agm) (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) complement and antibody with hmv and non-hmv isolates as in vitro models of primate infection. significantly greater survival of hmv isolates was evident after incubation in normal serum or whole blood (p < 0.05) of agm donors when compared ...201626951091
biofilm formation of hypermucoviscous and non-hypermucoviscous klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from clinically affected african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).in recent years, an emergent klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscous (hmv) phenotype has been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. the hmv phenotype is characterized by different capsular serotypes, associated with several genes including the rmpa (regulator of mucoid phenotype) and maga (mucoviscosity-associated) genes. in african green monkeys (agm) (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) serotypes k1 and k5 have been implicated in fatal multisystemic abscesses. in order ...201728366827
resistance of klebsiella pneumoniae to the innate immune system of african green monkeys.in recent years, an emergent klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotype has been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. in this project, bacteria recovered from infected african green monkeys (agm) (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) were screened for hmv phenotype, and were compared to non-hmv isolates in in vitro, serum, and oxidative-mediated killing assays. complement-mediated killing was assessed utilizing freshly collected serum from healthy agm. oxi ...201525614101
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from nonhuman primates.klebsiella pneumoniae is a zoonotic, gram-negative member of the family enterobacteriaceae and is the causative agent of nosocomial septicemic, pneumonic, and urinary tract infections. recently, pathogenic strains of k. pneumoniae sharing a hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotype have been attributed to multisystemic abscessation in both human and nonhuman primates. although k. pneumoniae is a well-recognized zoonotic agent, there is a lack of general information including adequate diagnostic methods ...201222740526
the genome of the vervet (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).we describe a genome reference of the african green monkey or vervet (chlorocebus aethiops). this member of the old world monkey (owm) superfamily is uniquely valuable for genetic investigations of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), for which it is the most abundant natural host species, and of a wide range of health-related phenotypes assessed in caribbean vervets (c. a. sabaeus), whose numbers have expanded dramatically since europeans introduced small numbers of their ancestors from west af ...201526377836
molecular characterization of a new mosaic simian immunodeficiency virus in a naturally infected tantalus monkey (chlorocebus tantalus) from cameroon: a challenge to the virus-host co-evolution of sivagm in african green monkeys.african green monkeys (agms) represent the most widely distributed non-human primates species in africa. sivagm naturally infects four of the 6 agms species at high prevalence in a species-specific manner. to date, only limited information is available on molecular characteristics of sivagm infecting chlorocebus tantalus. here, we characterized the full-length genome of a virus infecting a naturally infected captive c. tantalus from cameroon by amplifying and sequencing sub-genomic pcr fragments ...201525500294
expression sequence tag library derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the chlorocebus sabaeus.african green monkeys (agm) are amongst the most frequently used nonhuman primate models in clinical and biomedical research, nevertheless only few genomic resources exist for this species. such information would be essential for the development of dedicated new generation technologies in fundamental and pre-clinical research using this model, and would deliver new insights into primate evolution.201222726727
first report of toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in wild-caught caribbean african green monkeys.toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals. humans can become infected by ingesting infective oocysts from the environment or contaminated food or water, or by ingesting tissue cysts in undercooked infected meat or by handling infected meat. caribbean african green monkeys (chlorocebus sabaeus) are present in large numbers on the island of st. kitts in the caribbean, and it is not uncommon for these animals to be trapped and eaten by islanders. the ai ...201425491011
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