| identification of babesia bigemina in the tick boophilus decoloratus by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. | developing stages of babesia bigemina were detected in the giemsa-stained haemolymph smears of replete boophilus decoloratus females engorged on infected animals. replicate smears of these were prepared for staining by the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique. with specific antisera to b bigemina in dilutions up to 1/160 and rabbit antibovine globulin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (conjugate) the b bigemina stages were seen to fluoresce under the fluorescent microscope. whe ... | 1977 | 333527 |
| tick-borne diseases of domestic animals in northern nigeria. ii. research summary, 1966 to 1976. | during the first 10 years of its existence, the department of parasitology and entomology of the faculty of veterinary medicine, ahmadu bello university in zaria, nigeria, confirmed or described for the first time the occurrence of 25 different tick-borne parasites of domestic animals in the northern part of the country. most of these organisms occur as inapparent infections but may serve as complicating factors in any adverse host condition. the transmission of babesia bigemina by boophilus dec ... | 1977 | 339447 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xiii. the seasonal incidence of adult ticks (acarina: ixodidae) on cattle in the northern transvaal. | ticks were collected over a period of 13 months, at approximately fortnightly intervals, from 6 africaner oxen kept on the farm nylsvley in the naboomspruit district. the 8 species of ixodidae collected were, in order of abundance, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, r. evertsi evertsi, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, amblyomma hebraeum, r. simus, boophilus decoloratus and ixodes cavipalpus. the relative abundance of adult ticks of these species, their predilection feeding sites and seasona ... | 1979 | 460821 |
| tick infestations and tick-borne diseases in zimbabwe rhodesia. | the distribution of tick species in zimbabwe rhodesia is significantly influenced by land utilization practices. the most commonly occurring species in the over-grazed tribal areas is boophilus decoloratus. by contrast, well-managed commercial farms and ranches support a wide range of tick species, the most important of which is rhipicephalus appendiculatus. until recently tick-borne diseases of cattle were efficiently controlled through dipping. the low incidence of disease was an important fac ... | 1979 | 553966 |
| light and electron microscopic observations on the development of babesia bigemina in larvae, nymphae and non-replete females of boophilus decoloratus. | in boophilus decoloratus infected by transovarian passage with b. bigemina, primary schizogony occurred as a continuous repetitive process in all 3 stages of the tick's life cycle spent on the host. the primary schizonts and the large merozoites (= vermicules) produced by them were observed in the gut epithelium, haemocytes, muscles, ad peritracheal cells. secondary schizogony which led to the formation of small merozoites (= infective forms) occurred mainly in the salivary glands, but was also ... | 1977 | 613293 |
| on the use of the scrotum for feeding larval ixodid ticks on hosts. | the efficacy of feeding larval stages of amblyomma variegatum, hyalomma rufipes and boophilus decoloratus on the ears and scrotum of sheep is compared. the effect of age of larvae on the number that engorged on the animal was also investigated. a significantly greater number of larvae fed on scrotum than on ears. the greatest number of larvae engorged when they were fed on the scrotum or ear within 1-4 days of hatching. the older the larvae, the less the number that fed. the economic advantages ... | 1977 | 860573 |
| babesia bigemina in kenya: experimental transmission by boophilus decoloratus and the production of tick-derived stabilates. | a babesia-free batch of laboratory reared boophilus decoloratus ticks was infected with a kenyan strain of babesia bigemina by feeding them on a steer infected by inoculation of a blood stabilate. the engorged female ticks showed developing stages of b. bigemina in their haemolymph and subsequently their progeny transmitted the parasite to a susceptible splenectomized steer. attempts were made to produce stabilates from pre-fed larvae and nymphs derived from infected batches of b. decoloratus. o ... | 1977 | 876684 |
| ticks from the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in ngamiland, botswana. | in november 1972, 93 out of 100 african buffalo from 3 areas in ngamiland, botswana, were found to be infested with ticks. the tick species present and the percentage of buffalo infested by each were: hyalomma truncatum (63%), h. rufipes (54%), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (68%), r. tricuspis (11%), r. simus (4%) and boophilus decoloratus (1%). the mean number of ticks per animal was 8,6 (standard deviation +/-4,1), representing a mean of 6,5+/-3,4 male and 2,1+/-1,9 female ticks. the incidence ... | 1976 | 940665 |
| fertilization capacity of boophilus decoloratus (koch, 1844) (acarina: ixodidae). | thirty individual boophilus decoloratus (koch, 1844) males were studied daily, some during the whole observation period of 37 days. newly moulted males spent a mean of 3, 8 days (range 3-6 on the host before mating. males mated with between 1-8 females (mean 4, 6), spending 2, 6 days (range 1-10) with each and 0, 5 days (range 0-4) in between females. the time spent by adult males on the host was from 9-37 days. the ability for males to produce viable offspring remained fairly constant with each ... | 1976 | 1012653 |
| gonad development and gametogenesis in boophilus decoloratus (koch, 1844) (acarina metastriata ixodidae). | phases in the growth of the reproductive organs and gametogenesis were followed in both males and females of boophilus decoloratus (koch, 1844). special attention was given to the timing of meiosis, the production of mature spermiophores, mating and spermiophore relocation in the female. the main growth phase of the male testes takes place during the nymphal stage while that of the accessory gland complex takes place during the 4 days after moulting and before mating. the main growth phase of fe ... | 1976 | 1012655 |
| [isolation of thogoto virus from amblyomma and boophilus ticks in central africa]. | a survey has been carried out in the cameroons and the central african republic about the role of the ticks in the ecology of arboviruses in central africa. attempts for virus isolation were made for 12,678 amblyomma variegatum, 3,276 boophilus decoloratus and 1,769 boophilus annulatus, by inoculation into suckling mice. from 968 pools which were inoculated, 20 yielded isolates which were identified to thogoto virus. considering previously published results concerning tick-borne virus isolations ... | 1976 | 1037382 |
| [isolation of bhanja arbovirus from boophilus decoloratus ticks in cameroon]. | a strain of virus designated yak-10 was isolated from boophilus decoloratus ticks (10 specimens) collected in march 1971 from cattle pastured in savanna near garoy (united cameroun republic) by the intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice at the pasteur institute in cameroun. the results of investigations of the biological properties of the strain showed it to be pathogenic for 1-3-day-old suckling mice by the intracerebral and intraperitoneal routes, for 3-week-old mice by the intracerebral r ... | 1975 | 1121855 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxx. ectoparasites of kudus in the eastern transvaal lowveld and the eastern cape province. | sets of four kudus were shot and examined for arthropod parasites at approximately monthly intervals from april 1981 to march 1983 in the southern part of the kruger national park, eastern transvaal lowveld. these animals harboured 10 ixodid tick species of which boophilus decoloratus followed by amblyomma hebraeum were the most abundant. the seasonal abundances of these ticks and of amblyomma marmoreum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and rhipicephalus zambeziensis w ... | 1992 | 1297956 |
| indigenous and crossbred cattle--a comparison of resistance to ticks and implications for their strategic control in zimbabwe. | a comparison of the tick resistance of indigenous mashona and crossbred afrikander x sussex oxen following natural tick infestation indicated that significantly more african blue ticks boophilus decoloratus were found on the crossbred than the indigenous cattle (p < 0.05). the two groups of cattle were exposed to babesia bigemina and theileria taurotragi as indicated by high antibody titres on the indirect fluorescent antibody test, but no antibodies could be demonstrated to anaplasma marginale ... | 1992 | 1305338 |
| influence of exposure period and management methods on the effectiveness of chickens as predators of ticks infesting cattle. | experiments undertaken on rusinga island, kenya, indicated that rhipicephalus appendiculatus (neumann) was the predominant tick consumed on tick-infested cattle by chickens, followed by amblyomma variegatum (fabricius), boophilus decoloratus (koch) and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (neumann). the number of ticks consumed by chickens released with cattle in a 3 h release period was not significantly different from ticks consumed in a 4 h release period. in a free management system, chickens 1-3 m ... | 1992 | 1413461 |
| acquisition of immunity in cattle against the blue tick, boophilus decoloratus. | it is well known that ixodid ticks have the ability to induce immunity in their host. we demonstrate, for the first time, that the tick boophilus decoloratus induced immunity in its bovine host, since the mean weight of engorged females fed on naive animals dropped from 201.5 mg, to 173.7 mg and 155.3 mg, for females fed on calves previously exposed once and twice; respectively, to b. decoloratus infestations. ticks which had been transferred from one individual host to another one were able to ... | 1991 | 1713543 |
| towards the selection of cattle for tick resistance in africa. | half-body tick collections and visual assessment of tick burdens were performed monthly over six months on 100 bulls at the kenya national boran stud, mutara ranch, kenya. boophilus decoloratus predominated among several tick species infesting the animals. burdens of b. decoloratus and total tick burdens were highly correlated. rankings of relative tick resistance among bulls were consistent from month to month. rankings based on visual assessment were very close to those based on actual tick bu ... | 1991 | 1773679 |
| predation on livestock ticks by chickens. | chickens were shown to be natural predators of ticks. rhipicephalus appendiculatus were recovered in large numbers from the crops and gizzards of chickens which had scavenged for 30 min-1 h among tick-infested cattle. other ticks recovered were amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decoloratus. the numbers of ticks recovered ranged from 3 to 331, with an average of 81 per chicken. cattle facilitated the predation of ticks by certain behavioural actions. chickens also picked up both engorged and une ... | 1991 | 1858289 |
| the effect of tick infestation on the productivity of cows of three breeds of cattle. | the effect of tick infestation of hereford, bonsmara and nguni cows on the weaning masses of their calves in a dipping versus non-dipping situation was investigated. breed had a major effect on the level of tick infestation, herefords being most susceptible and ngunis least. the productivity of nguni cows, as measured by the weaning masses of their calves was also least affected. the effect of infestation on the productivity of hereford cows was the greatest and that on the bonsmara cows was int ... | 1991 | 1881659 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxv. ixodid ticks on sheep in the north-eastern orange free state and in the eastern cape province. | the tick burdens of 115 merino sheep, slaughtered over a period of 15 consecutive months on a farm in the north-eastern orange free state, were determined. a total of 7 ixodid and 1 argasid tick species were recovered and the seasonal abundances of boophilus decoloratus, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, margaropus winthemi and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were determined. one hundred and forty-nine merino sheep were slaughtered over periods varying from 10 to 25 months on 3 farms in eastern provinc ... | 1991 | 1923373 |
| relative resistance of six cattle breeds to the tick boophilus decoloratus in south africa. | adult females of the tick boophilus decoloratus were removed from 6 breeds of cattle on 2 farms in the northern transvaal. highest numbers of female ticks were collected from simmentaler, followed by santa gertrudis, bonsmara, afrikaner, brahman and nguni. resistance levels of each breed to b. decoloratus was positively correlated with the amount of bos indicus genes in the breed, with the exception of nguni, which is a sanga type but not pure b. indicus. | 1991 | 1923380 |
| tick (acari: ixodidae) infestations on zebu cattle in western kenya: seasonal dynamics of four species of ticks on traditionally managed cattle. | a study was conducted on the population dynamics of four tick species infesting livestock on rusinga island. infestations of rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann, amblyomma variegatum (f.)., and boophilus decoloratus (koch) were monitored on east african shorthorn zebu cattle at monthly intervals for 2 yr. these cattle were of unimproved stock under traditional husbandry without any tick control practices. most ticks were on cattle between september and mar ... | 1991 | 1941930 |
| tick infestations on zebu cattle in western kenya: individual host variation. | monthly collections were made of all ticks from 25 mature east african zebu cattle and 5 yearlings for 13 mo on rusinga island, lake victoria, kenya, from september 1986 to september 1987. the most common species were rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann and amblyomma variegatum f.; boophilus decoloratus koch and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann also were present in fewer numbers. cattle were ranked according to their degree of resistance to each of the four species and to each stage in the ... | 1991 | 2033602 |
| drag-sampling of free-living ixodid ticks in the kruger national park. | free-living ticks were collected by means of drag-sampling in 32 of the 35 landscape zones of the kruger national park during a period of 1 calendar month. of the 18,199 specimens collected, 99.53% were larvae, 0.05% nymphs and 0.42% adults. fourteen species were collected. amblyomma hebraeum followed by boophilus decoloratus, predominated, both in distribution and abundance. large variations were encountered between drags. there was no correlation between the numbers of larvae collected and tim ... | 1991 | 2052317 |
| bovine borreliosis: comparison of simple methods for detection of the spirochaete in the blood. | natural borrelia infection occurring in a calf was followed up using stained blood and buffy coat smears and direct observation of blood and buffy coat in order to compare these spirochaete detection methods. direct examination of the platelet-plasma interface of the microhaematocrit capillary tubes after centrifugation allowed detection of two parasitaemias that were not seen in giemsa stained blood smears. an ascending babesia bigemina infection seemed to suppress the borrelia parasitaemia. sp ... | 1990 | 2219454 |
| efficacy of ivermectin delivered from an intraruminal sustained-release bolus against natural infestations of five african tick species on cattle. | the efficacy of ivermectin delivered by an orally administered prototype sustained-release bolus over approximately 90 days was evaluated against natural infestations of five african tick species. twenty cattle, allocated by restricted randomization based on counts of standard boophilus decoloratus, were allocated to two groups and were either given an ivermectin bolus or designated as non-medicated controls. all cattle grazed a single pasture of native grasses for 20-40 days before treatment an ... | 1990 | 2267728 |
| ecology and phenology of cattle ticks in zambia: development and survival of free-living stages. | a study on development and survival of free-living stages of three important cattle ticks in zambia, amblyomma variegatum fabricus, boophilus decoloratus koch, and rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, was carried out to complement studies on seasonal dynamics of parasitic stages. different instars of engorged ticks were exposed under quasi-natural conditions according to the season in which they occur naturally. generally, development rates of all stages of the three species were related to tem ... | 1990 | 2350995 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitoses of livestock in senegal. iii. the northern sudan area]. | the authors describe the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses of cattle and small ruminants in the senegalese north-sudanian area. for 15 months, 40 bovine, 40 sheep and 40 goats received a routine dipping treatment, aimed at the determination of the tick population dynamics together with an accurate localization of the preferential sites for the different species. the following parasites were collected from the animals: hyalomma marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, rhipicephalus lunulat ... | 1989 | 2485548 |
| [the efficacy of alphamethrin-impregnated ear tags against ticks]. | the efficacy of 3 kinds of alphamethrin-impregnated ear tags was tested against natural amblyomma hebraeum, boophilus decoloratus, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi infestations of cattle. one type of ear tag was also tested in combination with a tail band of similar material. ticks were counted macroscopically on their predilection sites. counts of b. decoloratus, r. appendiculatus, and r. e. evertsi on all trial animals diminished steadily during the first 7d afte ... | 1989 | 2607535 |
| resistance of nguni, bonsmara and hereford cattle to ticks in a bushveld region of south africa. | counts of engorged female ticks on naturally infested cattle over a 2 year period, showed that indigenous nguni cattle harboured significantly fewer amblyomma hebraeum, boophilus decoloratus and hyalomma spp. during periods of peak abundance than either bonsmara or hereford cattle. fewer abscesses, associated with tick bite, were also present in the nguni cattle. individual tick resistance indices, determined after artificial tick infestation in the field, could not be correlated with hair lengt ... | 1989 | 2626263 |
| development rates, fecundity and survival of developmental stages of the ticks rhipicephalus appendiculatus, boophilus decoloratus and b. microplus under field conditions in zimbabwe. | to determine development rates, fecundity and survival of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, boophilus decoloratus and b. microplus, a study was carried out in long and short grass in the highveld of zimbabwe. engorged adult females of the three species and engorged larvae and nymphs of r. appendiculatus were buried beneath the soil in small cages in the rainy, cool and hot seasons in 1980 and 1981. half the number of cages were examined regularly to determine development rates and half were left und ... | 1989 | 2707110 |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity test for assessing tick-immune status of cattle in zambia. | delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions were used to assess the tick resistance status of tonga calves in zambia. the antigen used in the tests was a homogenate of unfed nymphal rhipicephalus appendiculatus which had been shown to give protective immunity in guinea pigs to adult female r appendiculatus. there was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of the reactions and the total number of ticks (amblyomma variegatum, r appendiculatus, hyalomma truncatum, boophilus decol ... | 1989 | 2773195 |
| bacterial isolation from and transmission by boophilus decoloratus and boophilus geigyi. | bacteria were isolated from the haemolymph of boophilus decoloratus and boophilus geigyi which had engorged on trade cattle in nigeria. all the genera of the bacteria were also isolated from the eggs which they laid although some of them were missing from the larvae which eventually hatched. when clean rabbits were inoculated with some genera of bacteria and clean, laboratory bred larvae of b. decoloratus and b. geigyi fed on them, the same genera of bacteria were subsequently isolated from the ... | 1987 | 3108116 |
| the infection of various tick species with babesia bigemina, its transmission and identification. | strains of boophilus decoloratus and b. microplus were easily infected with a single stock of babesia bigemina; boophilus annulatus could be infected less easily, and it was difficult to infect rhipicephalus evertsi. two strains of r. appendiculatus and one strain each of r. bursa and hyalomma anatolicum excavatum were refractory. the same stock of b. bigemina was transmitted by nymphs and adults of b. decoloratus but only by nymphs of r. evertsi. vertical infection was not observed in r. everts ... | 1988 | 3387405 |
| kinetic properties of toxic protease inhibitors isolated from tick eggs. | 1. egg-toxins from rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, boophilus microplus, boophilus decoloratus and hyalomma truncatum were found to be inhibitors of trypsin and in two cases also of chymotrypsin. 2. fast tight-binding and slow-binding inhibition were observed. 3. immunological identity of the toxins were assessed with ouchterlony immunodiffusion and elisa. 4. the protease content of b. decoloratus and amblyomma hebraeum tick eggs were determined by a linked enzyme assay. 5. the predictive value of ... | 1988 | 3391338 |
| ecology and phenology of ticks in zambia: seasonal dynamics on cattle. | a study of the seasonality and infestation rates of ticks was carried out in 11 cattle herds in different ecological habitats in zambia between 1980 and 1982. wherever possible supplementary data were obtained from opportunistic collections from cattle and other hosts. analysis of over 1000 tick collections from cattle indicated that infestation rates of the most important species, amblyomma variegatum and rhipicephalus appendiculatus vary in different ecological habitats: (i) in western provinc ... | 1986 | 3451861 |
| tick transmission of anaplasma centrale. | anaplasma centrale was isolated from a field collection of rhipicephalus simus. transstadial transmission of a. centrale with adult ticks was demonstrated, but the infection was not carried transovarially. ticks from this collection were subsequently reared as a non-infected, laboratory strain. it was proved that the onderstepoort live blood vaccine strain of a. centrale, isolated by theiler in 1911, is still tick transmissible after more than 75 years of needle passage through cattle in the lab ... | 1987 | 3587927 |
| resistance by the blue tick (boophilus decoloratus) to the synthetic pyrethroid, fenvalerate. | the shaw larval test, in conjunction with adult tick immersion and stall tests, was utilized to confirm that a field strain of b. decoloratus, from natal, is highly resistant to the ixodicide fenvalerate (factor of resistance 4,744). this resistance developed over a reported 18 months of usage for cattle dipping. | 1987 | 3587933 |
| a study of the justification for intensive tick control in kenyan rangelands. | sixty male weaner cattle at the national range research station, kiboko, kenya were placed in four groups of 15 animals under four different tick control regimens for 16 months. the treatment groups were: spraying with acaricide weekly, spraying every three weeks, spraying whenever group mean tick infestations reached more than 200 per animal (once only in the course of the study) and a control unsprayed group. the cattle were weighed monthly. there were no significant differences between the li ... | 1986 | 3798681 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against ectoparasites of cattle in south africa. | the efficacy of various formulations of ivermectin administered at the recommended dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg was evaluated in cattle infested with mange mites (sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis.), lice (linognathus vituli and damalinia bovis) and ticks (boophilus decoloratus, amblyomma hebraeum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus and hyalomma spp.) in 8 trials conducted in south africa. mange mites (s. scabiei) were eliminated from animals treated subcutaneously, resulting in marked clinical recovery. ... | 1985 | 3839021 |
| observations on the efficacy of ivermectin in the control of cattle ticks in zambia. | the efficacy of multiple subcutaneous injections (200 micrograms/kg) of ivermectin in the control of naturally occurring tick infestations on traditionally managed tonga-iia (sanga type) calves and yearlings was assessed in two field trials. in the first trial boophilus decoloratus infestations were decreased following treatments at monthly intervals. in the second trial, with weekly and two weekly treatment intervals, infestations of rhipicephalus appendiculatus were controlled less effectively ... | 1985 | 3841240 |
| [preliminary note on the sensitivity of amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decoloratus (acarida, ixodidae) to organophosphate acaricides in the people's republic of the congo]. | | 1985 | 3841963 |
| studies on ticks of veterinary importance in nigeria. xii. oviposition and eclosion in five species of ixodid ticks in contrasting habitats. | the preoviposition and oviposition periods, the eclosion periods and numbers of eggs laid by adult ticks of five species, namely amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, b. geigyi, hyalomma rufipes and h. truncatum, maintained in a natural habitat were compared with those maintained in semi-natural and artificial habitats. within the natural habitats, "open" and "shady" sites were distinguished. maximum oviposition occurred during the peak of the rains in engorged a. variegatum and b. decolo ... | 1985 | 3870956 |
| the developmental viability and sizes of sequentially oviposited eggs of boophilus decoloratus and boophilus geigyi. | the viability and sizes of eggs sequentially laid up to the 10th day of oviposition by engorged boophilus decoloratus and boophilus geigyi were studied. the average length and breadth of eggs laid on the 1st and 2nd days of oviposition were statistically greater than at subsequent ovipositions. the eclosion periods of eggs laid from 7th to 10th day of oviposition were shorter than those of eggs laid earlier by both boophilus species. the percentage mortality of eggs of 9th and 10th day of ovipos ... | 1985 | 3870960 |
| the effects of temperature, relative humidity and host factors on the attachment and survival of boophilus decoloratus and boophilus geigyi larvae to skin slices. | attachment and survival of boophilus decoloratus and b. geigyi larvae were examined using skin slices from cattle, sheep and goats. results indicate that b. decoloratus has a wider range of temperature (24-40 degrees c) at which more than 50% of larvae would attach to bovine skin, while b. geigyi has a narrower range (24-30 degrees c). the larvae of both species had two peaks of attachment--the 4th and 20th hour, the value for the second peak being greater than the first. the influence of humidi ... | 1985 | 3988163 |
| a report on generalized equine ringworm (trichophyton equinum) complicated by tick infestation (boophilus decoloratus) and besnoitiosis. | | 1972 | 4666915 |
| [fine structure of the merozoites of babesia bigemina in the ovary of boophilus microplus and boophilus decoloratus]. | | 1969 | 4988938 |
| ticks in the south african zoological survey collection. 13. gynanders of boophilus decoloratus (koch, 1844) and amblyomma hebraeum koch, 1844. | | 1967 | 5586994 |
| field vector studies of epizootic east coast fever. v. the occurrence of boophilus decoloratus in the east coast fever zones. | | 1968 | 5687627 |
| laboratory rearing of the parasitic stages of boophilus decoloratus (koch, 1844) on the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). | | 1966 | 5956352 |
| investigations into the cold resistance of the eggs and larvae of boophilus decoloratus (koch, 1844), boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1888) and margaropus winthemi karsch, 1879. | | 1967 | 6069321 |
| studies on ticks of veterinary importance in nigeria xvii. resistance of rabbits to infestation with amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decoloratus (acari: ixodidae). | rabbits exposed to larvae, nymphs and adults of amblyomma variegatum acquired resistance to the infestation with adults of this tick. the degree of acquired resistance was lowest in the rabbits exposed once previously to larvae and highest in those exposed twice previously to adults. rabbits also acquired resistance after primary infestation with boophilus decoloratus; their resistance became very high during the thrice-repeated feeding. new terms are introduced for the quantification of the deg ... | 1984 | 6510837 |
| enzyme and bilirubin reactions in bovine babesiosis. | four white fulani calves were splenectomized and experimentally infected with babesia bigemina by allowing about 2000 freshly hatched infective larvae of boophilus decoloratus to feed on them. blood samples were collected to determine serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. a significant rise in the level of alkaline phosphatase for up to two weeks was observed. there were also increases in the serum glutamate p ... | 1984 | 6517473 |
| seasonal prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in the windhoek district of south west africa/namibia. | the seasonal prevalence of ixodid ticks was determined over a 2-year period by the weekly removal from at least 5 cattle of all adult ticks and the immature stages of rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus in the ears. the highest mean weekly burden was 286,6 adult ticks/cow/week in march 1979, and the lowest 6,9 adult ticks/cow/week in july 1979. virtually no tick control is practised in this area. rhipicephalus capensis group adults peaked in the summer from october to march/april. rhipicephalus ever ... | 1984 | 6533509 |
| some helminth and arthropod parasites of the grey duiker, sylvicapra grimmia. | sixteen grey duikers were culled on the farm riekert 's laager in the central transvaal at irregular intervals from may 1979-march 1981. one trematode species, 3 cestode species and 16 nematode species were recovered from these animals. of these the following are new helminth records for this antelope: cooperia hungi , cooperia neitzi , cooperia pectinata , trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, trichostrongylus falculatus , trichostrongylus instabilis , impalaia tuberculata , ne ... | 1983 | 6676685 |
| bovine babesiosis in nigeria: detection of babesia organisms in salivary glands of boophilus decoloratus collected on trade cattle. | | 1983 | 6683052 |
| the efficacy of ivermectin against helminth and arthropod parasites of impala. | the efficacy of ivermectin, injected subcutaneously at a dosage rate of 200 mcg/kg live mass, was determined against nematodes, ixodid ticks and lice infestations acquired by free-living impala, aepyceros melampus, in the kruger national park. although the parasite burdens of the untreated control animals varied considerably, ivermectin appeared to be highly effective against 7 nematode species and effective against 3 others. of the 4 tick species recovered, only boophilus decoloratus appeared t ... | 1983 | 6689430 |
| studies on ticks of veterinary importance in nigeria. viii. differences observed in the biology of ticks which fed on different domestic animal hosts. | ticks of the species amblyomma variegatum (fabr.), boophilus decoloratus (koch), boophilus geigyi aeschl. et morel, and hyalomma rufipes koch were detached from cattle, sheep and horses and the influence of these various hosts on the biology of ticks was investigated. no a. variegatum was found in horses. the parameters studied were preoviposition and oviposition periods, ovipositional capacity, eclosion period, hatching patterns, egg sizes and temperature effect. although the preoviposition and ... | 1984 | 6714846 |
| development of ixodid ticks under natural conditions in nigeria. | the developmental periods of five tick species were recorded from egg to adult stages under natural conditions. the ticks were amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, b. geigyi, hyalomma rufipes and h. truncatum and the natural condition was a grazing field on which "open" site and "shade" were recognised. the investigation took place between april 1980 and march 1981. the hatching patterns of larvae, attachment, engorgement, larvo-nymphal and nympho-adult moulting periods and the survival ... | 1984 | 6729999 |
| susceptibility of ticks to acaricides in zambia. | the susceptibility of some zambian ticks to dieldrin, dioxathion, dimethoate and chlorfenvinphos was determined on two- to three-week-old larvae of amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, b. microplus, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, r. e. evertsi and a member of the r. pravus group. some strains of b. decoloratus and r. appendiculatus were resistant to dieldrin, dioxathion and dimethoate and some r. e. evertsi were resistant to dieldrin and dioxathion. a single strain of an r. pravus group t ... | 1984 | 6730000 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in zimbabwe. i. babesiosis. | a survey on the incidence of antibodies to babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in one to three year old calves at 274 localities in zimbabwe revealed that b. bigemina occurred throughout the country together with its main vector, boophilus decoloratus. the distribution of b. bovis followed closely that of its vector boophilus microplus which is limited to the eastern part of the country. enzootic stability for b. bigemina was recorded in most of the communal tribal areas where regular dipping of ... | 1983 | 6868134 |
| acaricidal bacteria infecting laboratory colonies of the tick boophilus decoloratus (acarina: ixodidae). | | 1981 | 7024424 |
| the effects of the piroplasm babesia bigemina on the survival and reproduction of the blue, tick, boophilus decoloratus. | | 1982 | 7086165 |
| relationship between ticks and zebu cattle in southern uganda. | tick populations were observed on zebu (bos indicus) cattle over a period of 2 years at entebbe, uganda where the climate was thought to be highly favourable for the free-living stages of ticks. collections of all instars of ticks were made from the body surfaces of the cattle at intervals of between 1 and 5 weeks. the species recorded in order of decreasing abundance were rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rhipicephalus simu ... | 1982 | 7101465 |
| studies on the infectivity of boophilus decoloratus males and larvae infected with babesia bigemina. | | 1982 | 7122059 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xv. the seasonal prevalence of ectoparasites on impala and cattle in the northern transvaal. | the prevalence of ectoparasites on a total of 36 impala (aepyceros melampus) slaughtered monthly from february 1975 to february 1976 and a total of 24 cattle slaughtered monthly from march 1976 to march 1977 in the nylsvley provincial nature reserve was determined. six species of ixodid ticks were collected from the impala and these, in order of abundance, were: rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rhipicephalus appe. diculatus, amblyomma hebraeum, boophilus decoloratus, ixodes cavipalpus and hyalomma ... | 1982 | 7177586 |
| quantitative studies on the proteins, free fatty acids and glycogen contents of eggs of amblyomma variegatum (fabr) and boophilus decoloratus (koch) (ticks, ixodoidea: ixodidae). | | 1981 | 7197866 |
| experimental transmission of babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale to calves with the larvae of boophilus decoloratus. | | 1981 | 7293560 |
| experimental transmission of babesia bigemina in sheep using infective larval tick of boophilus decoloratus. | | 1981 | 7342213 |
| the retention of babesia bigemina infection by boophilus decoloratus exposed to imidocarb dipropionate during engorgement. | babesia bigemina was retained in the vector boophilus decoloratus for a complete generation despite the use of the babesicide, imidocarp dipropionate, to prevent reinfection. this drug did not sterilize ticks of the b. bigemina infection as has been suggested for b. bovis. | 1981 | 7345389 |
| a critical evaluation of the role played by the red-billed oxpecker buphagus erythrorhynchus in the biological control of ticks. | buphagus erythrorhynchus uses 4 feeding methods--scissoring, plucking, pecking and insect catching. during the day the birds spend 68% of their time feeding, with peaks of activity during the early morning and late afternoon. a total of 21 641 ixodid ticks were found in 53 stomachs examined, with a range of between 16 and 1 665 per stomach. boophilus and rhipicephalus were the most important genera eaten. thirty diptera, also found in the stomachs, accounted for 0,4% of the diet by mass. the foo ... | 1980 | 7413164 |
| resistance to certain organophosphorus ixodicides in strains of boophilus decoloratus from zambia. | | 1980 | 7445350 |
| cattle ticks from the waterberg district of the transvaal. | macroscopically visible ticks were collected from the hides of 28 cattle slaughtered in pairs during a period of 14 months in the waterberg district. in order of prevalence rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, amblyomma hebraeum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, ixodes cavipalpus, hyalomma truncatum and boophilus decoloratus were recovered. immature stages of the three commonest species constituted a major portion of the population for varying periods during the months april ... | 1980 | 7452655 |
| the effect of rainfall on tick challenge at kyle recreational park, zimbabwe. | the effect of rainfall pattern on tick challenge was investigated at kyle recreational park, zimbabwe, from 1991 to 1992 using drag and removal plot methods to sample environmental tick density. the abundance of adults and nymphs of the brown ear-tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus and larvae of the bont tick amblyomma hebraeum was positively correlated with monthly rainfall, whereas no relationship with rainfall was revealed for larval r. appendiculatus, adults of the red-legged tick r. evertsi, ... | 1994 | 7628257 |
| an investigation into the health status and diseases of wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the kruger national park. | many factors have been cited as possible reasons for the decline in the number of wild dogs (lycaon pictus), but few studies have provided supportive data. between 1990 and 1993, the dynamics of 10 wild dog packs in the southern district of the kruger national park in south africa were monitored. casual observations of the causes of disease and mortality in the entire population were also recorded. during the same period, 46 wild dogs were immobilised, weighed, and subjected to physical examinat ... | 1995 | 7629782 |
| helminth and arthropod parasites of indigenous goats in the northern transvaal. | helminth and arthropod parasites of 60 female indigenous goats of three age groups on a farm in the northern transvaal were collected, identified and counted. anoplocephalid tapeworms were present in the two younger groups of goats, while larvae of taenia hydatigena were recovered from all three groups. eight species and two genera of nematodes were found in the youngest goats, five species and three genera in the middle group and six species and two genera in the oldest goats. strongyloides pap ... | 1994 | 7898893 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitoses of livestock in senegal. vi. the soudano-sahelian zone]. | the authors report the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses among cattle, sheep and goats in the sudano-sahelian zone. during a period of 15 months, ticks were systematically removed from 40 cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in order to assess the population dynamics and determine more accurately the preferential sites of settlement of the different species. the following species were collected in ruminants: hyalomma truncatum, h. marginatum rufipes, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rh. gui ... | 1994 | 7991897 |
| host resistance to ticks (acari: ixodidae) in different breeds of cattle at bako, ethiopia. | european cattle breeds are being introduced into ethiopia in an effort to improve the productivity of indigenous breeds. the ethiopian cattle breeds horro and boran were compared for tick burdens with their crosses with friesian, jersey and simmental. horro animals had the lowest tick burdens and the horro x friesian the highest. adaptation to their environment and long-term natural selection for tick resistance in horro cattle is the most likely explanation. repeatability of tick burdens in all ... | 1993 | 8109054 |
| observations on cattle ticks in huila province (angola). | in huila province of angola, 3864 ticks were collected during a parasitological survey carried out in the rainy season from october 1990 to april 1991. the samples were collected from cattle gathered for the annual vaccination campaign against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, anthrax and blackleg in 18 veterinary stations of six municipalities. after tick classification, the following proportions of ticks were obtained: rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus (27.1%), amblyomma pomposum (26.4%), booph ... | 1994 | 8171837 |
| tick resistance to acaricides in western ethiopia. | a survey of acaricide resistance was performed on ticks collected from 18 dairy farms and 6 veterinary clinics in western ethiopia. boophilus decoloratus collected from most of the dairy farms were resistant to toxaphene, but no resistance was detected in ticks collected from indigenous cattle. there is a need in ethiopia to replace toxaphene on dairy farms and formulate a rational tick control policy for the whole country. | 1993 | 8236481 |
| impact of natural infestation of amblyomma variegatum on the liveweight gain of male gudali cattle in adamawa (cameroon). | the effect of natural tick infestation on the liveweight gain (lwg) of male gudali zebu cattle was studied throughout a year by comparing the performances of two herds, one of which was submitted to weekly acaricidal treatment and the other was left untreated against ticks. six species of ticks were identified on the untreated animals: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, rhipicephalus lunulatus, rhipicephalus turanicus, hyalomma nitidum and hyalomma marginatum rufipes. most of the losse ... | 1993 | 8249253 |
| ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) and livestock production: effect of varying acaricide treatments on ticks and productivity in east coast fever-immunized weaner and dairy cattle. | in a pilot trial to evaluate cost-effective methods of acaricide application, east coast fever-immunized weaner and dairy cattle were subjected to varying tick control regimens. all experimental cattle were maintained under the same extensive system of management. their monthly tick load, packed cell volumes, incidence of blood protozoans, weight changes, and daily milk production were noted. apart from rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, other tick species found in the study site were r. pulc ... | 1993 | 8510109 |
| prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms and spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from zimbabwe. | the prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms in ticks from zimbabwe was determined using the hemolymph test. amblyomma hebraeum had the highest prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms. other species with rickettsia-like organisms included amblyomma sparsum, amblyomma variegatum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, ripicephalus simus, haemaphysalis leachi, amblyomma rhinocerotis, and hyalomma truncatum. ticks with no demonstrable rickettsia-like organisms infection were boophilus decoloratus, haemaphysal ... | 1995 | 8551500 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxxiv. arthropod parasites of nyalas in north-eastern kwazulu-natal. | seventy-three nyalas (tragelaphus angasii) in the umfolozi, mkuzi and ndumu game reserves in northeastern kwazulu-natal were examined for arthropod parasites during 1983 and 1984. in addition, six animals were examined during 1994. ten ixodid tick species, two louse species and a louse fly species were recovered. the nyalas were good hosts of all stages of development of boophilus decoloratus, rhipicephalus appendiculatus and rhipicephalus muehlensi and the immature stages of amblyomma hebraeum ... | 1995 | 8628570 |
| comparison of resistance in three breeds of cattle against african ixodid ticks. | tick resistance in three breeds of cattle, two indigenous breeds (arssi and boran) and one boran x friesian cross-bread, were compared following natural tick infestations at abernossa ranch in ethiopia. the local arssi breed was found to have the highest tick resistance, followed by the boran breed, whereas the boran x friesian was the least resistant. over a period of 12 months, from october 1991 to september 1992, a total of 32,897 ticks composed of four genera were collected from the animals. ... | 1996 | 8665816 |
| grooming in impala: role of oral grooming in removal of ticks and effects of ticks in increasing grooming rate. | in experiment 1, five adult female impala were fitted with harnesses that restrained oral self-grooming of the anterior part of the body. at the same time, six cohoused female impala were fitted with control harnesses that allowed normal oral grooming. the impala were allowed to habituate to the harnesses for 10 days, and both groups were then exposed to larval ticks (boophilus decoloratus) by herding them into a tick-seeding corral. during the third week following tick seeding, when female tick ... | 1996 | 8778894 |
| the efficacy of amitraz against cattle ticks in tanzania. | the efficacy of amitraz on cattle ticks was assessed by susceptibility tests, spraying and dipping trials. tests on the susceptibility of three tick species, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decoloratus to amitraz (technical grade-purity 98.6% w/w) showed all 15 tick strains tested to be highly susceptible, with lc50 ranging between 0.001% and 0.03%, and lc99, between 0.01% and 0.07%. spraying trials were carried out on calves infested with r. appendiculatus, a. v ... | 1996 | 8856759 |
| serological survey of heartwater relative to the distribution of the vector amblyomma variegatum and other tick species in north cameroon. | a study was carried out on the spatial and temporal distribution of amblyomma variegatum and other ticks infesting sheep and goats in northern cameroon. a serological survey of heartwater (cowdriosis) using a competitive elisa was concurrently carried out in the same flocks. a. variegatum was found to be the most predominant species accounting for 48.3% of all the ticks collected. other species identified included rhipicephalus sulcatus, r. lunulatus, r. turanicus, boophilus decoloratus, b. annu ... | 1997 | 9066062 |
| predation of livestock ticks by chickens as a tick-control method in a resource-poor urban environment. | the possible use of chickens as predators of livestock ticks was studied. chickens were allowed to scavenge for 3 h among tick-infested cattle in a typical township backyard during the milking period. boophilus decoloratus, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and otobius megnini were recovered from the crops and gizzards at necropsy. the numbers of ticks ingested ranged from 0-128, with an average of 28.81 (+/- 8.42) per chicken. this study has confirmed that chickens are ... | 1997 | 9551478 |
| dynamics of free-living ixodid ticks on a game ranch in the central province, zambia. | free-living ixodid ticks were collected at monthly intervals from january to december 1996 by dragsampling the vegetation of mtendere game ranch in the chisamba district of the central province, zambia. ticks belonging to 11 species were recovered. rhipicephalus appendiculatus was most abundant, comprising 90% of the total number collected. all life stages of this tick showed a definite seasonal pattern of activity. the adults were present mainly during the rainy season (february and march), the ... | 1998 | 9629590 |
| development, reproductive capacity and survival of amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decoloratus in relation to host resistance and climatic factors under field conditions. | to determine the developmental periods, fecundity and survival of amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decoloratus and the effect of host resistance, a study was carried out in the field at abernossa ranch in ethiopia using three breeds of cattle: arssi, boran and boran x friesian crossbreed. the investigation took place between october 1991 and september 1992. the developmental periods of both tick species were recorded. the hatching periods of larvae, engorgement, larvo-nymphal and nympho-adult ... | 1998 | 9637226 |
| studies on host resistance to tick infestations among trypanotolerant bos indicus cattle breeds in east africa. | recent epidemiological studies carried out in east africa have indicated that some bos indicus cattle breeds such as the orma boran and maasai zebu have a degree of trypanotolerance worth exploitation by their introduction into trypanosomosis endemic areas where other cattle breeds cannot survive. however, in most areas of east africa, trypanosomosis, ticks, and tick-borne diseases occur together. it is therefore important to obtain information on the susceptibility of these breeds to tick infes ... | 1998 | 9668465 |
| a survey of the ixodid ticks parasitising cattle in the eastern province of zambia. | the results of tick surveys carried out in the eastern province of zambia between december 1982 and february 1996 were principally in agreement with the findings of earlier surveys conducted during the period 1965-72. boophilus decoloratus has almost been replaced by boophilus microplus. hyalomma truncatum was found in small numbers throughout the province and hyalomma marginatum rufipes was only rarely encountered in collections made from cattle. rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was largely confin ... | 1998 | 9737594 |
| ixodid tick infestations of wild birds and mammals on a game ranch in central province, zambia. | ticks were collected at irregular intervals from december 1995 to november 1996 from wildlife on mtendere game ranch in the chisamba district of central province, zambia. total collections were made from two species of ground-nesting birds and 20 species of small and large mammals. thirteen species/subspecies of ixodid ticks were recovered. rhipicephalus appendiculatus was the most abundant, followed by boophilus decoloratus and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. small numbers of immature ticks of o ... | 1998 | 9741055 |
| distinguishing species and populations of rhipicephaline ticks with its 2 ribosomal rna. | most populations and some species of ticks of the genera boophilus (5 spp.) and rhipicephalus (ca. 75 spp.) cannot be distinguished phenotypically. moreover, there is doubt about the validity of species in these genera. i studied the entire second internal transcribed spacer (its 2) rrna of 16 populations of rhipicephaline ticks to address these problems: boophilus microplus from australia, kenya, south africa and brazil (4 populations); boophilus decoloratus from kenya; rhipicephalus appendicul ... | 1998 | 9794625 |
| tick diversity, abundance and seasonal dynamics in a resource-poor urban environment in the free state province. | the objectives of this study were to determine the diversity, seasonal dynamics and abundance of ticks infesting cattle in urban, small-scale farming communities in and around botshabelo and thaba nchu in the eastern free state province, south africa. a total of ten cattle, ear-tagged for individual identification, were investigated monthly at each of five localities. adult ticks were removed from the right hand side of each animal and placed in containers filled with 70% ethanol. they were subs ... | 1998 | 10192844 |
| population dynamics of ticks on indigenous cattle in a pastoral dry to semi-arid rangeland zone of uganda. | studies on seasonality and population dynamics of ticks on indigenous cattle and their crosses (calves) were carried out in buruli ranching scheme, nabiswera, luwero district of uganda on three treatment groups of animals: group 1 (twice a week dipping), group 2 (once a month dipping) and group 3 (no tick control). during this study, four major species of ticks of economic importance were recorded in decreasing order of abundance: rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, ambl ... | 1999 | 10353189 |
| comparison of acetylcholinesterase genes from cattle ticks. | we describe the isolation and characterisation of two putatively new acetylcholinesterase genes from the african cattle ticks boophilus decoloratus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus. the nucleotide sequences of these genes had 93% homology to each other and 95% and 91% identity, respectively, to the acetylcholinesterase gene from an australian strain of another cattle tick, boophilus microplus. translation of the nucleotide sequences revealed putative amino acids that are essential for acetylchol ... | 1999 | 10616922 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression of a 200-kilodalton diagnostic antigen of babesia bigemina. | current serological tests for babesia bigemina use semipurified merozoite antigens derived from infected erythrocytes. one of the major drawbacks of these tests is that antigen quality can vary from batch to batch. since the quality of the antigen contributes to the sensitivity and specificity of serological tests, the use of standardized recombinant antigens should ensure consistency in assay quality. previously, a 200-kda merozoite antigen (p200) was identified as a candidate diagnostic antige ... | 2000 | 10834983 |
| babesia bovis and b. bigemina dna detected in cattle and ticks from zimbabwe by polymerase chain reaction. | from blood collected from 94 cattle at 12 locations in the eastern and northeastern areas of zimbabwe, dna was extracted and analysed by polymerase chain reaction with primers previously reported to be specific for babesia bigemina and babesia borvis. overall, dna of babesia bigemina was detected in the blood of 33/94 (35%) cattle and dna from b. bovis was detected in 27/58 (47%) of cattle. the prevalence of dna of b. bigemina was significantly higher in young animals (<2 years) (23/46) than in ... | 2000 | 10949512 |