| composition and toxigenic potential of the mould population on dry-cured iberian ham. | the fungal population on dry-cured iberian ham can be essential to the development of the product's unique characteristics, but health hazards due to mycotoxins may be significant. we examined the natural fungal population of iberian hams during ripening at three different locations. chloroform extracts from 59 selected isolates were tested for toxicity to brine shrimp larvae and vero cells, for mutagenicity in the ames test and for antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus. the diver ... | 1996 | 8880338 |
| production of secondary metabolites by some terverticillate penicillia on carbohydrate-rich and meat substrates. | most terverticillate penicillia isolated from dry-cured meat products are toxigenic, but their ability to produce hazardous metabolites on meat-based substrates is not well known. the production of extrolites by selected terverticillate penicillia isolated from dry-cured ham has been studied on carbohydrate-rich media (malt extract agar, czapek yeast autolysate agar, rice extract agar, and rice), meat extract triolein salt agar, and ham slices. chloroform extracts from the selected strains grown ... | 2007 | 18095438 |
| cellulase and xylanase production by penicillium echinulatum in submerged media containing cellulose amended with sorbitol. | the present work investigated the use of sorbitol as a soluble carbon source, in association with cellulose, to produce cellulases and xylanases in submerged cultures of penicillium echinulatum 9a02s1. because cellulose is an insoluble carbon source, in cellulase production, there are some problems with rheology and oxygen transfer. the submerged fermentations containing media composed of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% (w/v) sorbitol and cellulose that were added at different times during the cultiv ... | 2013 | 24058733 |
| meroterpenes from an algicolous strain of penicillium echinulatum. | one new meroterpene, arisugacin k (1), and four known ones, arisugacin j (2), arisugacin g (3), arisugacin c (4), and territrem c (5), were isolated from the culture of penicillium echinulatum pt-4, an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine red alga chondrus ocellatus. the structure and the absolute configuration of 1 were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations, which further resulted in the assignments of absolute configurations for the other ar ... | 2014 | 24482051 |
| second-generation ethanol production from elephant grass at high total solids. | the enzymatic hydrolysis of pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) was evaluated at high total solid levels (from 4% to 20% (w/v)) in a concomitant ball milling treatment in a rotating hydrolysis reactor (rhr). the greatest glucose yield was 20.17% when 4% (w/v) untreated biomass was employed. when sugars obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis were submitted to fermentation with saccharomyces cerevisiae, the greatest ethanol yield was 22.61% when 4% (w/v) untreated biomass was employed; however, the ... | 2016 | 27023383 |
| enhancement of penicillium echinulatum glycoside hydrolase enzyme complex. | the enhancement of enzyme complex produced by penicillium echinulatum grown in several culture media components (bagasse sugarcane pretreated by various methods, soybean meal, wheat bran, sucrose, and yeast extract) was studied to increment fpase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities. the present results indicated that culture media composed with 10 g/l of the various bagasse pretreatment methods did not have any substantial influence with respect to the fpase, xylanase, and ... | 2016 | 26922416 |
| ethanol production from sugars obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis of elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum, schum.) pretreated by steam explosion. | in this work, steam explosion was used a pretreatment method to improve the conversion of elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum) to cellulosic ethanol. this way, enzymatic hydrolysis of vaccum-drained and water-washed steam-treated substrates was carried out with penicillium echinulatum enzymes while saccharomyces cerevisiae cat-1 was used for fermentation. after 48 h of hydrolysis, the highest yield of reducing sugars was obtained from vaccum-drained steam-treated substrates that were produced a ... | 2015 | 26038327 |
| understanding the cellulolytic system of trichoderma harzianum p49p11 and enhancing saccharification of pretreated sugarcane bagasse by supplementation with pectinase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase. | supplementation of cellulase cocktails with accessory enzymes can contribute to a higher hydrolytic capacity in releasing fermentable sugars from plant biomass. this study investigated which enzymes were complementary to the enzyme set of trichoderma harzianum in the degradation of sugarcane bagasse. specific activities of t. harzianum extract on different substrates were compared with the extracts of penicillium echinulatum and trichoderma reesei, and two commercial cellulase preparations. comp ... | 2013 | 23391738 |
| influence of different chemical pretreatments of elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum, schum.) used as a substrate for cellulase and xylanase production in submerged cultivation. | this study evaluated the potential use of elephant grass biomass, a highly productive species, for cellulase and xylanase production by the cellulolytic mutant penicillium echinulatum 9a02s1 in submerged cultivation, using untreated biomass, biomass pretreated with different concentrations of naoh, h2so4 or nh4oh, or biomass pretreated with h2o at 121 °c. for filter paper activity, all cultivation carried out with pretreated elephant grass under the evaluated conditions showed superior activity ... | 2016 | 27164962 |
| liberation of fermentable sugars from soybean hull biomass using ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and their bioconversion to ethanol. | optimized hydrolysis of lignocellulosic waste biomass is essential to achieve the liberation of sugars to be used in fermentation process. ionic liquids (ils), a new class of solvents, have been tested in the pretreatment of cellulosic materials to improve the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the biomass. optimized application of ils on biomass is important to advance the use of this technology. in this research, we investigated the effects of using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([bmim][ ... | 2016 | 26588200 |
| penicillium echinulatum secretome analysis reveals the fungi potential for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. | the enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic materials by fungal enzyme systems has been extensively studied due to its effectiveness in the liberation of fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. recently, variants of the fungus penicillium echinulatum have been described as a great producer of cellulases and considered a promising strain for the bioethanol industry. | 2016 | 26989443 |
| effect of different pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse on cellulase and xylanases production by the mutant penicillium echinulatum 9a02s1 grown in submerged culture. | the main limitation to the industrial scale hydrolysis of cellulose is the cost of cellulase production. this study evaluated cellulase and xylanase enzyme production by the cellulolytic mutant penicillium echinulatum 9a02s1 using pretreated sugar cane bagasse as a carbon source. most cultures grown with pretreated bagasse showed similar enzymatic activities to or higher enzymatic activities than cultures grown with cellulose or untreated sugar cane bagasse. higher filter paper activity (1.253 ± ... | 2014 | 24967394 |
| morphogenesis and production of enzymes by penicillium echinulatum in response to different carbon sources. | the effect of different carbon sources on morphology and cellulase and xylanase production of penicillium echinulatum was evaluated in this work. among the six carbon sources studied, cellulose and sugar cane bagasse were the most suitable for the production of filter paper activity, endoglucanases, xylanases, and β-glucosidases. however, sucrose and glucose showed β -glucosidase activities similar to those obtained with the insoluble sources. the polyacrylamide gels proved the enzymatic activit ... | 2014 | 24877074 |
| validation of reference genes in penicillium echinulatum to enable gene expression study using real-time quantitative rt-pcr. | quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) is a methodology that facilitates the quantification of mrna expression in a given sample. analysis of relative gene expression by qrt-pcr requires normalization of the data using a reference gene that is expressed at a similar level in all evaluated conditions. determining an internal control gene is essential for gene expression studies. gene expression studies in filamentous fungi frequently use the β-actin gene (actb), β- ... | 2014 | 24509829 |
| the influence of sorbitol on the production of cellulases and xylanases in an airlift bioreactor. | the production of cellulases and xylanases by penicillium echinulatum in an airlift bioreactor was evaluated. in batch production, we tested media with isolated or associated cellulose and sorbitol. in fed-batch production, we tested cellulose addition at two different times, 30 h and 48 h. higher liquid circulation velocities in the downcomer were observed in sorbitol 10 g l(-1) medium. in batch production, higher fpa (filter paper activity) and endoglucanase activities were obtained with cellu ... | 2013 | 24045195 |
| increased production of cellulases and xylanases by penicillium echinulatum s1m29 in batch and fed-batch culture. | the development of more productive strains of microorganisms and processes that increase enzyme levels can contribute to the economically efficient production of second generation ethanol. to this end, cellulases and xylanases were produced with the s1m29 mutant strain of penicillium echinulatum, using different concentrations of cellulose (20, 40, and 60 g l(-1)) in batch and fed-batch processes. the highest activities of fpase (8.3 u ml(-1)), endoglucanases (37.3 u ml(-1)), and xylanases (177 ... | 2013 | 23973981 |
| the penicillium echinulatum secretome on sugar cane bagasse. | plant feedstocks are at the leading front of the biofuel industry based on the potential to promote economical, social and environmental development worldwide through sustainable scenarios related to energy production. penicillium echinulatum is a promising strain for the bioethanol industry based on its capacity to produce large amounts of cellulases at low cost. the secretome profile of p. echinulatum after grown on integral sugarcane bagasse, microcrystalline cellulose and three types of pret ... | 2012 | 23227186 |
| a new penicillium echinulatum strain with faster cellulase secretion obtained using hydrogen peroxide mutagenesis and screening with 2-deoxyglucose. | the aim of this study is to improve cellulase production and secretion by penicillium echinulatum using mutagenesis and selection in association with microfermentation and microanalysis methods. | 2011 | 21466636 |
| cellulases and xylanases production by penicillium echinulatum grown on sugar cane bagasse in solid-state fermentation. | to investigate the production of cellulases and xylanases from penicillium echinulatum 9a02s1, solid-state fermentation (ssf) was performed by using different ratios of sugar cane bagasse (scb) and wheat bran (wb). the greatest filter paper activity obtained was 45.82 ± 1.88 u gdm(-1) in a culture containing 6scb/4wb on the third day. the greatest β-glucosidase activities were 40.13 ± 5.10 u gdm(-1) obtained on the third day for the 0scb/10wb culture and 29.17 ± 1.06 u gdm(-1) for the 2scb/8wb c ... | 2010 | 20397060 |
| cloning, characterization and heterologous expression of the first penicillium echinulatum cellulase gene. | penicillium echinulatum is effective for bioconversion processes. however, nothing is known about the molecular biology of its cellulolytic system. we describe for the first time the isolation, cloning and expression of a p. echinulatum cellulase cdna (pe-egl1) encoding a putative endoglucanase. | 2010 | 19793137 |
| production of cellulases and hemicellulases by penicillium echinulatum grown on pretreated sugar cane bagasse and wheat bran in solid-state fermentation. | to evaluate the solid-state fermentation (ssf) production of cellulase and hemicellulases (xylanases), by penicillium echinulatum 9a02s1, in experiments carried out with different concentrations of the pretreated sugar cane bagasse (pscb) and wheat bran (wb). | 2007 | 18045402 |
| comparison of penicillium echinulatum and trichoderma reesei cellulases in relation to their activity against various cellulosic substrates. | penicillium echinulatum has been identified as a potential cellulase producer for bioconversion processes but its cellulase system has never been investigated in detail. in this work, the volumetric activities of p. echinulatum cellulases were determined against filter paper (0.27 u/ml), carboxymethylcellulose (1.53 u/ml), hydroxyethylcellulose (4.68 u/ml), birchwood xylan (3.16 u/ml), oat spelt xylan (3.29 u/ml), sigmacell type 50 (0.10 u/ml), cellobiose (0.19 u/ml), and p-nitrophenyl-glucopira ... | 2008 | 17408952 |
| effect of methylxanthines on production of cellulases by penicillium echinulatum. | in this work, the effect of supplementing liquid cellulase production media (cpm) with methylxanthines (aminophylline, caffeine and theophylline), with and without the addition of glucose, on the secretion of cellulases by penicillium echinulatum strain 2hh (wild-type) and the derived mutant strain 9a02s1 was studied. | 2007 | 17241354 |
| cellulase production by penicillium echinulatum on lactose. | the inducer effect of lactose on cellulase activity in penicillium echinulatum 9a02s1 was studied. submerged cultivation was performed using different concentrations of lactose and cellulose, in which the ph, mycelial mass, soluble proteins, filter paper activity (fpa), and activity of beta-glucosidases were measured. the cultures containing lactose only presented low fpas (0.1 fpu/ml). the cultures with associated cellulose and lactose and those containing cellulose only presented similar enzym ... | 2006 | 16408174 |
| use of 2-deoxyglucose in liquid media for the selection of mutant strains of penicillium echinulatum producing increased cellulase and beta-glucosidase activities. | mutagenesis and selection were applied to a strain of penicillium echinulatum by treating conidia with hydrogen peroxide or 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane and then by incubating the conidia for 48 h in broth containing microcrystalline cellulose washed in 0.5% (w/v) aqueous 2-deoxyglucose before plating them onto cellulose agar containing 1.5% (w/v) glucose from which colonies showing the fastest production of halos of cellulose hydrolysis were selected. this process resulted in the isolation of two new ... | 2006 | 16151800 |