| balkan (endemic) nephropathy and a toxin-producing strain of penicillium verrucosum var cyclopium: an experimental model in rats. | cultures of an isolate of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, obtained from stored maize in an area of balkan (endemic) nephropathy--vratza, bulgaria--has consistently induced renal tubular lesions when force-fed to rats for 20 days. the lesions, confined to the lower reaches of the proximal convoluted tublues (pars recta and junctional zone), closely resemble the tubular changes in patients with balkan nephropathy. preliminary evidence suggests that this nephrotoxin-producing strain of p. ve ... | 1977 | 66474 |
| an ultrastructural investigation of nephrotoxicity in rats induced by feeding cultures of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. | a renal tubular lesion was induced in male rats by giving them a culture homogenate or culture filtrate of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium by gastric gavage for 20 days. the fungus was obtained from stored maize in an area of endemic nephropathy in bulgaria. changes in the proximal convoluted tubules were studied by light and electron microscopy. the lesion was confined to the pars recta in the outer stripe of the outer zone of the medulla. it consisted of degeneration and necrosis of epit ... | 1978 | 103297 |
| mycological survey of selected health foods. | a survey was conducted to compare the total viable fungal content and the number of different mold species encountered in 10 types of health foods labeled organically grown and in the same foods without such a label. the foods were wheat flour, corn meal, brown rice, figs, split peas, pinto beans, soybeans, walnuts, pecans, and peanuts. results showed no consistent difference in either the total viable fungal content or the number of different mold species encountered between the labeled and unl ... | 1979 | 453829 |
| balkan (endemic) nephropathy. | the clinical and pathological features of balkan (endemic) nephropathy are discussed and correlations of incidence with excess late summer and autumn rainfall outlined. cultures of a strain of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium isolated from maize collected in an endemic area were fed to rats and lesions were produced in the straight third segment of the proximal kidney tubules. extensive degeneration and nuclear changes were seen and on prolonged feeding further nuclear enlargement (to great ... | 1979 | 467065 |
| synthesis of various kinds of esters by four microbial lipases. | ester synthesis by microbial lipases, using homogeneous enzyme preparations, were investigated. the amount of synthesized ester was estimated by alkalimetry, and products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. lipases from aspergillus niger, rhizopus delemar, geotrichum candidum and penicillium cyclopium synthesized esters from oleic acid and various primary alcohols. only geotrichum candidum lipase synthesized esters of secondary alcohols. esters of tertiary alc ... | 1979 | 508776 |
| glyceride synthesis by four kinds of microbial lipase. | apart from their usual mechanism of action, lipases from aspergillus niger and rhizopus delemar also catalyzed the synthesis of glycerides from oleic acid and glycerol. lipases from geotrichum candidum and penicillium cyclopium were inactivated by oleic acid, but were stable in the presence of casein, albumin or buffer of appropriate ph. lipases from aspergillus niger and rhizopus delemar synthesized glycerides from, not only fatty acid, but dibasic acids and aromatic acids, making ester bonds o ... | 1977 | 563245 |
| fungal antigens as a source of sensitization and respiratory disease in scottish maltworkers. | mycological and serological studies were carried out as part of a survey of respiratory disease in scottish maltworkers. 70% of stained sputum smears from 574 workers showed the presence of higher plant cells and/or myclelia, and the spores of common environmental fungi. penicillium spp. (90%), rhizopus stolonifer (48%) and yeasts (53%) were the dominant fungi in 699 sputum cultures, and showed a similar proportional distribution in 327 samples of grain, malt, culms and dusts from fifty-six malt ... | 1977 | 589785 |
| mycotoxic tremorgens of claviceps paspali and penicillium cyclopium: a comparative study of effects on sheep and cattle in relation to natural staggers syndromes. | claviceps paspali sclerotia were dosed orally at various levels to sheep and cattle and the neurotoxic effects are described. evidence is presented which indicates that the tremors are produced by a neutral tremorgen fraction. the ergot alkaloids, principally d-lysergic acid alpha-hydroxyethylamide and its isolysergic acid isomer, are not involved. the mixture of c paspali tremorgens has not been separated and characterised but its components are chemically related to other known tremorgens, suc ... | 1978 | 625600 |
| the role of penicillia in ryegrass staggers. | tremorgenic strains of penicillium verrucosum var cyclopium, p canescens, p janthinellum, p novaezeelandiae and p estinogenum were isolated from the faeces of 15 of 23 affected sheep and cattle in eight of nine field outbreaks of ryegrass staggers. one tremorgenic strain of p griseofulvum was isolated from the faeces of one of 25 sheep grazing in unaffected flocks. tremorgenic strains of p verrucosum var cyclopium, p canescens, p janthinellum and p estinogenum were also isolated from the a horiz ... | 1978 | 674846 |
| production of xanthomegnin and viomellein by isolates of aspergillus ochraceus, penicillium cyclopium, and penicillium viridicatum. | fungal isolates from legumes were cultured on rice and examined for production of the toxic mold metabolites xanthomegnin and viomellein. six of 14 aspergillus ochraceus isolates produced from 0.3 to 1.3 mg of xanthomegnin per g and 0.1 to 1.0 mg of viomellein per g. one of nine isolates of penicillium cyclopium produced 0.1 mg of xanthomegnin per g and 0.06 mg of viomellein per g. three of nine p. viridicatum isolates produced from 0.4 to 1.6 mg of xanthomegnin per g and 0.2 to 0.4 mg of viomel ... | 1978 | 708029 |
| mycotoxin-producing potential of mold flora of dried beans. | to evaluate the potential for mycotoxin production by molds in dried beans, the mold flora of 114 samples was determined both before and after surface disinfection of the beans with 5% naocl. surface disinfection substantially reduced mold incidence, indicating that contamination was mainly on the surface. the flora, both before and after disinfection, was dominated by species of the aspergillus glaucus group, the toxicogenic species a ochracues, penicillium cyclopium, and p. viridicatum, and sp ... | 1975 | 1168442 |
| ochratoxigenicity of aspergillus ochraceus group and penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium strains on various media. | production of ochratoxin a (oa) by strains of aspergillus ochraceus group (a. ochraceus--21, a. sclerotiorum--1, a. sulphureus--1) and penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium strains--11, on various media was investigated. thirteen percent of a. ochraceus strains and 18% of p. verrucosum var. cyclopium formed oa growing on sterile crushed wheat for 14 days at 25 to 27 degrees c (preliminary experiments). toxin concentrations were 5.0 to 7.0 micrograms/kg. five strains oa-positive on crushed wheat ... | 1992 | 1343939 |
| [penicillium-species fungi--producers of ochratoxin a in grain]. | the occurrence of ochratoxin a and ochratoxigenic fungi in the commercial batches of various domestic grains (wheat, rye, barley, corn and rice) has been studied. penicillium cyclopium, p. viridicatum and p. chrysogenum isolated from grain synthesized on a sucrose-yeast medium predominantly patulin, penicillic and kojic acids. only 4.4% of the fungal isolates were able to synthesize ochratoxin a. the concentration of the mycotoxin accumulated by the fungi was less than 500 micrograms/kg. 230 sam ... | 1992 | 1494573 |
| stereoselectivity of lipases: esterification reactions of octadecylglycerol. | stereoselectivity of several triacylglycerol lipases (ec 3.1.1.3) has been investigated in the enzymatic esterification of rac-1-o-octadecylglycerol with oleic acid in the presence of organic solvents, such as hexane. x-1(3)-o-octadecylmonooleoylglycerols were the only products formed with most lipases; considerable proportions of x-1(3)-o-octadecyldioleoylglycerols were also formed with the lipase from candida cylindracea. the mixtures of unesterified enantiomeric substrates, i.e., x-1(3)-o-oct ... | 1992 | 1511492 |
| use of electron beam irradiation for mold decontamination on cheddar cheese. | cheddar cheese slices, surface-inoculated with either penicillium cyclopium or aspergillus ochraceus spores, were vacuum packaged and irradiated using an electron beam accelerator. following treatment at .21 and .52 kgy, the shelf-life of cheese containing p. cyclopium was extended by 3 and 5.5 d, respectively, in comparison with inoculated, untreated samples. under similar treatment and storage conditions, cheese containing a. ochraceus exhibited average shelf-life extensions of 42.5 and 52.2 d ... | 1992 | 1541727 |
| an outbreak of poisoning from penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. | it is the first report of an outbreak of 114 food-poisoning cases due to consumption of penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. gastralgia, diarrhea, dizziness and general malaise are chief symptoms of the poisoning, with incubation period of 2-6 hrs generally and a short disease period (generally recovered within 2-3 days). no enteropathogenic organism, pathogenic coccus and campylobacter jejuni were detected. surface fungi counts were 49,000/g, 21.3 times of that discovered in the ... | 1992 | 1642784 |
| mutagenicity of alternaria alternata and penicillium cyclopium isolated from grains in an area of high incidence of oesophageal cancer--linxian, china. | in order to study the relationship between daily consumption of mouldy food and the incidence of oesophageal cancer, we examined the mutagenicity of alternaria alternata and penicillium cyclopium, which seriously contaminate grain in linxian county, china. we first examined extracts of cultured strains of a. alternata. in the reverse mutation test, positive results were obtained in 85% of strains; positive results were seen in 84% of 19/20 strains in the rec assay. eight of ten strains induced s ... | 1991 | 1855863 |
| selective partitioning of conidia of some penicillium and aspergillus species in aqueous two-phase systems. | conidia of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, penicillium brevi-compactum, penicillium frequentans, penicillium spinulosum, and penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium were subjected to partition at varying ph values in an aqueous two-phase system containing charged polyethylene glycol. in the system, the partition behavior of the conidia of the penicillium species varied when the ph was raised, while the conidia of the aspergillus species seemed unaffected. p. brevi-com ... | 1986 | 3096203 |
| [production of cyclopiazonic acid, its effect on the chick embryo and on 1-day-old cockerels]. | in 1979 to 1983, 148 strains of penicillium cyclopium were isolated from wheat and from poultry feed mixtures; 11.5% of these strains produced cyclopiazonic acid at the rate of up to 500 mg per kg of wheat. forty-seven percent of the 96 isolates of aspergillus flavus and 56% of the nine isolates of penicillium griseofulvum produced cyclopiazonic acid at the maximum rate of 80 and 10 mg per kg. the ed50 of cyclopiazonic acid for two, three and four days old chicken embryo was found to be 2.40, 4. ... | 1985 | 3927557 |
| fungi isolated from flue-cured tobacco sold in southeast united states, 1968-1970. | flue-cured tobacco leaves, from low- and middle-stalk positions, offered for sale in each of two markets, within each of five tobacco types, were evaluated for moisture content (mc) and filamentous fungi during august through october in 1968, 1969, and 1970. alternaria alternata, penicillium cyclopium, aspergillus niger, aspergillus repens, and aspergillus flavus were most frequently isolated from cultured tissue. other filamentous fungi that grew from the tissue included species from four gener ... | 1972 | 4627970 |
| interchangeability of ribosomes and protein synthesizing enzymes from penicillium cyclopium and those prepared from other organisms. | | 1966 | 4891938 |
| analysis of tobacco and smoke condensate for penicillic acid. | gas chromatographic analyses of smoke condensate from commercial, unfiltered cigarettes spiked with penicillic acid (500 or 1,000 ppm), a reported carcinogenic substance from certain fungi, indicated approximately 3% of unchanged compound was transported in the smoke. analysis of tobacco on which either aspergillus ochraceus or penicillium cyclopium was grown revealed microgram quantities of the compound. small amounts of the material were also found in moldy tobacco from commercial storage. the ... | 1972 | 5057371 |
| toxic effects in mice of corn cultures of penicillium cyclopium and penicillium frequentans. | | 1971 | 5143594 |
| [in vitro production of several hydrolases by aspergillus versicolor (vuill.) tiraboschi and penicillium cyclopium westling]. | | 1970 | 5509599 |
| antifungal activity of isothiocyanates and related compounds. i. naturally occurring isothiocyanates and their analogues. | data are presented concerning the antifungal activity of 11 natural isothiocyanates and 27 synthetized analogues in aspergillus niger, penicillium cyclopium, and rhizopus oryzae, as well as in 13 additional saprophytic and parasitic fungi. a remarkable antifungal activity was observed in some analogues of benzylisothiocyanate and beta-phenylethylisothiocyanate. the latter-mentioned compounds have not been described previously. in the group of benzylisothiocyanates, a correlation, which was inver ... | 1967 | 6049294 |
| antifungal activity of isothiocyanates and related compounds. ii. mononuclear aromatic isothiocyanates. | antifungal activity on aspergillus niger, penicillium cyclopium, and rhizopus oryzae, as well as on additional saprophytic and parasitic fungi, was determined in 57 substituted derivatives of phenylisothiocyanate. most of the investigated compounds displayed rather equal activity against the three mentioned fungi, in contradistinction to the analogues of natural benzyl- and beta-phenylethylisothiocyanate with their characteristic low activity against r. oryzae. differences occurred in the type o ... | 1967 | 6049295 |
| [antifungal properties of n-aryl-substituted maleaminic acids, their imides and copper salts]. | the influence of 39 compounds (n-aryl-maleiminic acids, n-aryl-maleinimid and cu-n-arylmaleiminic acids) on the growth of aspergillus niger, a. terreus and penicillium cyclopium has been studied. maleimides have been shown to have the more toxic effect on the fungi. | 1984 | 6466746 |
| natural occurrence of the mycotoxin viomellein in barley and the associated quinone-producing penicillia. | in a batch of barley associated with field cases of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy and containing ochratoxin a and citrinin, the mycoflora were isolated by parallel incubation at 10 and 25 degrees c. subsequently, the isolated cultures were checked for production of nephrotoxins (xanthomegnin, viomellein, ochratoxin, and citrinin). the nephrotoxin producers, all isolated by incubation at 10 degrees c, were comprised of one culture of penicillium viridicatum, five cultures of penicillium cyclopium ... | 1983 | 6660870 |
| antimicrobial effects of esters and amides of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid. | the effect of 18 newly synthesized esters and amides of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid on bacteria (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus), yeasts (saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans), molds (aspergillus niger, penicillium cyclopium, rhizopus oryzae) and algae (chlorella pyrenoidosa, euglena gracilis, scenedesmus obliquus) was investigated. the mic values revealed antimycotic, antialgal and antibacterial activity of the studied derivatives. the antimycotic activity was found to decrea ... | 1984 | 6714854 |
| heat-stability of peroxidase in mycelia of some toxigenic and nontoxigenic aspergilli and penicillia. | seven-day-old mycelia from 19 cultures of aspergillus and 12 cultures of penicillium were heated to 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 or 95 c for no more than 1 min, and tested for residual peroxidase. the peroxidase from all aspergilli survived heating at 50 through 80 c. peroxidase from toxigenic strains of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus ochraceus survived heating at 85 c and often at 90 c, whereas peroxidase from non-toxigenic strains of a. flavus was inactivated at ... | 1981 | 6783912 |
| microbial degradation of thidiazuron and its photoproduct. | degradation of the cotton defoliant thidiazuron and its photoproduct photothidiazuron by soil and thirteen species of microorganisms was examined. aspergillus versicolor, torula rosea, and flavobacter sp. were most active in degrading thidiazuron. unknown water-soluble metabolites and phenylurea were the major products. a. versicolor and penicillium cyclopium were most active in degrading photothidiazuron. 4-hydroxyphenylphotothidiazuron was the major organosoluble product formed by a. versicolo ... | 1982 | 7073312 |
| microbial hazards associated with bean sprouting. | the behaviour of microorganisms was studied in mung beans and alfalfa seeds before and after germination in modified, commercially available bean-sprouting kits. the microorganism were enumerated by the aerobic plate count (apc) and by total yeast and mold count procedures. salmonella species were artificially inoculated into selected samples and were enumerated by the most probable number (mpn) method. after germination of the beans or seeds into mature sprouts, significant increases were noted ... | 1982 | 7085541 |
| mycotoxin formation in moist wheat under controlled temperatures. | one-kilogram parcels of wheat with 20.5% moisture content were maintained at 15 degrees and 22 degrees c for 10 weeks to study quality changes. temperature, moisture, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, microflora incidence and abundance, seed germination, fat acidity values, aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin a, penicillic acid, citrinin and zearalenone were monitored. by two weeks, trace levels of ochratoxin had formed at both temperatures. by 10 weeks, the wheat contained at least three t ... | 1982 | 7133115 |
| fungal growth and the presence of sterigmatocystin in hard cheese. | molds isolated from visibly molded cheeses in shops, households, and warehouses have been identified. mold flora of cheeses in shops and households consisted mainly of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. on cheeses ripening in warehouses, penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, aspergillus versicolor, aspergillus repens, and enicillium verrucosum var. verrucosum were the dominant mold species. cheese ripening in warehouses and molded with a. versicolor were examined for sterigmatocystin. nine ... | 1980 | 7380782 |
| lipid composition and proton transport in penicillium cyclopium and ustilago maydis plasma membrane vesicles isolated by two-phase partitioning. | plasma membranes have been isolated and purified from two species of fungi, penicillium cyclopium and ustilago maydis, using a two-phase aqueous polymer technique. the membranes were characterised using marker enzyme assays (e.g., vanadate-sensitive (mg(2+)-k+)-atpase and glucan synthetase ii) and lipid composition (sterol enrichment, increased phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine ratio, and the absence of diphosphatidylglycerol). the proton-pumping activities of the plasma membrane-boun ... | 1994 | 7918550 |
| a glucose-activated electron transfer system in the plasma membrane stimulates the h(+)-atpase in penicillium cyclopium. | hyphal cells of three fungal species of the genus penicillium reduced the nonpermeable, external electron acceptor hexabromoiridate iv (hbi iv). in penicillium cyclopium, the rate of hbi iv reduction by hyphal cells was drastically increased by the addition of beta-glucose. the stimulation showed high specificity for this sugar and did not require its uptake and cellular metabolism. cell wall oxidases (e.g., glucose oxidase) did not seem to be involved in the reduction of hbi iv, as no measurabl ... | 1994 | 8071221 |
| the crystallographic structure of the subtilisin protease from penicillium cyclopium. | the major extracellular protease from the fungus pencillium cyclopium was crystallized in the presence of p-phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (pmsf) and investigated by x-ray diffraction analysis. it was subsequently cloned and the amino acid sequence deduced from its cdna. although the sequence is only 49% identical to that of proteinase k of tritirachium album, the three-dimensional structures of the two proteases are virtually identical. the model for p. cyclopium protease was refined by simulat ... | 1997 | 9184139 |
| species-specific selection on soil fungal population after olive mill waste-water treatment. | soil was treated with olive mill waste water (omw) in order to study the effect of this agriculture waste on soil fungal population. changes in fungal composition were observed after soil pollution. in order to test omw selective pressure, growth kinetics of penicillium cyclopium, scopulariopsis brevicaulis and cladosporium cladosporioides were studied on solid media supplemented with different omw concentrations. s. brevicaulis and c. cladosporioides did not grow at omw concentration higher tha ... | 1997 | 9192466 |
| shifts of intracellular ph distribution as a part of the signal mechanism leading to the elicitation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids . phytoalexin biosynthesis in cultured cells of eschscholtzia californica | cultured cells of eschscholtzia californica (californian poppy) respond to a yeast elicitor preparation or penicillium cyclopium spores with the production of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, which are potent phytoalexins. confocal ph mapping with the probe carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1-acetoxymethylester revealed characteristic shifts of the ph distribution in challenged cells: within a few minutes after elicitor contact a transient acidification of cytoplasmic and nuclear areas occurred in par ... | 1998 | 9765521 |
| species-specific production of microbial volatile organic compounds (mvoc) by airborne fungi from a compost facility. | thirteen airborne fungal species frequently isolated in composting plants were screened for microbial volatile organic compounds (mvoc), i.e., aspergillus candidus, a. fumigatus, a. versicolor, emericella nidulans, paecilomyces variotii, penicillium brevicompactum, penicillium clavigerum, penicillium crustosum, penicillium cyclopium, penicillium expansum, penicillium glabrum, penicillium verruculosum, and tritirachium oryzae. air samples from pure cultures were sorbed on tenax gr and analyzed by ... | 1999 | 10448558 |
| production of extracellular lipases by penicillium cyclopium purification and characterization of a partial acylglycerol lipase. | penicillium cyclopium, grown in stationary culture, produces a type i lipase specific for triacylglycerols while, in shaken culture, it produces a type ii lipase only active on partial acylglycerols. lipase ii has been purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatographies on sephadex g-75 and deae-sephadex. the enzyme exists in several glycosylated forms of 40-43 kda, which can be converted to a single protein of 37 kda by enzymatic deglycosylation. activity of lipase ii is maximal at ... | 2000 | 10737172 |
| kinetic properties of penicillium cyclopium lipases studied with vinyl esters. | penicillium cyclopium produces two lipases with different substrate specificities. lipase i is predominantly active on triacylglycerols whereas lipase ii hydrolyzes mono- and diacylglycerols but not triacylglycerols. in this study, we compared the kinetic properties of p. cyclopium lipases and human pancreatic lipase, a classical triacylglycerol lipase, by using vinyl esters as substrates. results indicate that p. cyclopium lipases i and ii and human pancreatic lipase hydrolyze solutions of viny ... | 2000 | 10984115 |
| roquefortine c occurrence in blue cheese. | several strains of penicillium are used for the production of mold-ripened cheeses, and some of them are able to produce mycotoxins. the aims of the research were the determination of roquefortine c and pr toxin in domestic and imported blue cheeses, the identification of the penicillia used as starter, and the investigation of their capacity for producing toxins in culture media. roquefortine c was always found in the cheeses at levels ranging from 0.05 to 1.47 mg/kg, whereas the pr toxin was n ... | 2001 | 11271775 |
| airborne fungal ecological niche determination as one of the possibilities for indirect mycotoxin risk assessment in indoor air. | based on the microbiological analysis of air samples from occupied spaces, some possibilities for indirect risk assessment of mycotoxin-related health problems are proposed. airborne fungi could be classified on the basis of the relationship between the two environmental factors and their combinations, i.e., temperature and water requirements (water activity aw). one type involves three different groups of molds, selected on the basis of the quantitative and qualitative information about the abi ... | 2001 | 11345539 |
| on ochratoxin a and fungal flora in polish cereals from conventional and ecological farms - part 1: occurrence of ochratoxin a and fungi in cereals in 1997. | over 200 samples of polish cereal grain from the 1997 harvest obtained from conventional and ecological farms were tested for the presence of ochratoxin a as well as for contamination by microscopic fungi. ochratoxin a contamination of rye from ecological farms was over six times more frequent than that from conventional cultivation. the ochratoxin a content in wheat and barley samples from ecological farms was also higher. no wheat sample from conventional farms contained the mycotoxin. in the ... | 2002 | 12028646 |
| on ochratoxin a and fungal flora in polish cereals from conventional and ecological farms. part 2: occurrence of ochratoxin a and fungi in cereals in 1998. | over 200 samples of polish cereal grain from the 1998 harvest obtained from conventional and ecological farms were investigated for the presence of ochratoxin a and for contamination by microscopic fungi. the frequency of contamination of rye and barley grains from conventional and ecological farms was similar in most cases; it varied from nearly 5 to 12%, respectively, for both types of farming. however, in samples from ecological farms, higher maximum concentrations of ochratoxin a were observ ... | 2002 | 12456276 |
| cloning of an alkaline lipase gene from penicillium cyclopium and its expression in escherichia coli. | the gene encoding an alkaline lipase of penicillium cyclopium pg37 was cloned with four steps of pcr amplification based on different principles. the cloned gene was 1,480 nucleotides in length, consisted of 94 bp of promoter region, and had 6 exons and 5 short introns ranging from 50 to 70 nucleotides. the open reading frame encoded a protein of 285 amino acid residues consisting of a 27-aa signal peptide and a 258-aa mature peptide, with a conserved motif of gly-x-ser-x-gly shared by all types ... | 2003 | 12784858 |
| "cyclopin": a trypsin sensitive consituent of penicillium cyclopium with antiviral properties. | | 1963 | 14076873 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 114. viridicatol and cyclopenol, metabolites of penicillium viridicatum westling and penicillium cyclopium westling. | | 1963 | 14084602 |
| screening of flocculant-producing strains by ntg mutagenesis. | screening of new microorganism being able to produce efficiently flocculants was carried out. a new model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains was designed and tested. the results showed that this model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains is very reliable and can greatly shorten the screening period. 13 flocculant-producing strains were isolated from activated sludge by conventional method. a strain, designated as hhe6, produced the bioflocculant with the turbidi ... | 2005 | 16083133 |
| role of penicillic acid in the phytotoxicity of penicillium cyclopium and penicillium canescens to the germination of corn seeds. | penicillium cyclopium and penicillium canescens cultures inhibited the germination of corn. the phytotoxic compound was isolated by solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. the phytotoxin was identified as penicillic acid by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. gas-liquid chromatography on a capillary glass column separated the two epimeric forms of penicillic acid. the maximum production of penicillic acid was obtained with p. cyclopiu ... | 1985 | 16346759 |
| glucose-deprived ht-29 human colon carcinoma cells are sensitive to verrucosidin as a grp78 down-regulator. | glucose deprivation, a feature of poorly vascularized solid tumors, activates the unfolded protein response (upr) which is a stress-signaling pathway in tumor cells that is associated with the molecular chaperone grp78 and induction of grp78 has been shown to protect them against programmed cell death. thus, targeting glucose-deprived conditions may be a novel strategy in anticancer drug development. based on that, we established a novel screening program for chaperone modulators that preferenti ... | 2007 | 17161515 |
| [synthesis and identification of penicillic-acid antigens from penicillium cyclopium]. | to establish a new immune assay for penicillic acid (pa) from penicillium cyclopium, we studied the synthesis of conjugated complete antigens for penicillic acid. pa was conjugated to bovine serum album (bsa) and ovalbumin (ova) by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (edc). the artificial antigens pa-bsa and pa-ova were identified by ultraviolet spectrometric scanning, sds-page and immunization. results showed that the absorption peak of conjugation were different from ... | 2008 | 18724715 |
| [antagonistic interactions between saprotrophic fungi and geohelminths. 1. saprotrophic fungi in the biological control of phytopathogenic geohelminths]. | the state of knowledge on the possible antagonism between soil saprotrophic fungi and phytopathogenic nematodes of the genera meloidogyne, heterodera, and globodera is reviewed basing on the literature and our own research. mycelial colonisation of various developmental stages of these geohelminths is the most common factor thought to reduce their populations in nature. the following parasitic fungi can be found on the cysts, eggs, as well as the larvae of the nematodes: paecilomyces lilacinus, ... | 2009 | 19579778 |
| production of diacylglycerols from glycerol monooleate and ethyl oleate through free and immobilized lipase-catalyzed consecutive reactions. | the ability of free and immobilized lipase on the production of diacylglycerols (dag) by transesterification of glycerol monooleate (gmo) and ethyl oleate was investigated. among three free lipases such as lipase g (penicillium cyclopium), lipase ak (pseudomonas fluorescens) and lipase ps (pseudomonas cepacia), lipase ps exhibited the highest dag productivity, and the dag content gradually increased up to 24 hours reaction and then remained steady. the comparative result for dag productivity bet ... | 2010 | 20951847 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of complete gene encoding an alkaline lipase from penicillium cyclopium. | the complete gene (pg37 lipi) encoding an alkaline lipase (pg37 lipi) was cloned from the genomic dna of penicillium cyclopium pg37. the cloned pg37 lipi is 2020 bp in length, consisting of 632 bp of the 5' flanking promoter region and 1388 bp of the downstream fragment that contains 6 exons and 5 short introns. the promoter region harbors putative tata box, caat box and several transcription factor binding sites. the open reading frame (orf) encodes a pg37 lipi of 285 amino acid residues, which ... | 2011 | 22288192 |
| metabolic development and mitochondrial changes during cyclopiazonic acid production in penicillium cyclopium. | | 2000 | 18273 |
| [quantitative determination of the enzyme cyclopenase in conidiospores of penicillium cyclopium westling and p. viridictatum westling]. | | 2014 | 4458260 |
| [the importance of glucose repression to the industrial production of biogenic drugs: studies with penicillium cyclopium as a model (proceedings)]. | | 2004 | 515156 |
| the excreted beta-cyclopiazonate oxidocyclase isoenzymes from penicillium cyclopium--iii. evidence for a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism from substrate inhibition studies. | | 1978 | 421957 |
| antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of the troglophilic ground beetle laemostenus (pristonychus) punctatus (dejean, 1828) (insecta: coleoptera: carabidae). | the antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion released by adult individuals of the troglophilic ground beetle laemostenus (pristonychus) punctatus (dejean, 1828), applying microdilution method with the aim to detect minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration, has been investigated. in addition, morphology of the pygidial glands is observed. we have tested 16 laboratory and clinical strains of human pathogens - eight bact ... | 2016 | 27018928 |
| coprinopsis atramentaria extract, its organic acids, and synthesized glucuronated and methylated derivatives as antibacterial and antifungal agents. | despite the available data regarding antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids, studies dealing with the effects of their metabolites or derivatives are scarce. therefore, the antimicrobial and demelanizing activities of coprinopsis atramentaria extract, its organic acids, and methylated and glucuronated derivatives were evaluated. the antifungal activity was stronger than the antibacterial effects. in general, individual compounds (mostly organic acids) exhibited higher activity than the extract ... | 2014 | 25131614 |
| synergism between hydrogen peroxide and seventeen acids against five agri-food-borne fungi and one yeast strain. | the objective of this study was to evaluate fungicidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide administered in combination with 17 mineral and organic acids authorized for use in the food industry. | 2012 | 22978263 |
| microfungal contaminants on mobile phones of health services vocational school students in marmaris, turkey. | in this study, it was aimed to determine microfungi on mobile phones. totally, 50 mobile phones were used belonging to health services vocational school students. the samples were taken by swabbing the screen and keys of mobile phones using moistened sterile swab sticks. a total of 24 different microfungal species were obtained belonging to alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium, geotrichum, penicillium, phoma, rhinocladiella, scopulariopsis, trichoderma, and trichophyton genera. the genera of mi ... | 2014 | 24318841 |
| enhancing the thermostability of a cold-active lipase from penicillium cyclopium by in silico design of a disulfide bridge. | cysteine mutants of a cold-active lipase (pclipi) from penicillium cyclopium were designed by the software disulfide by design ver. 1.20 in an effort to improve enzyme thermostability by addition of a disulfide bridge. those mutants predicted by molecular dynamics simulation to have better thermostability than the wild type were first expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) and then, for further investigation, in pichia pastoris gs115. by replacing val248 and thr251 with cysteines to create a di ... | 2014 | 24867629 |
| beak infection by penicillium cyclopium in a macaw (ara ararauna). | a case of localized beak infection by penicillium cyclopium in a macaw (ara ararauna) is described. a necrotic lesion, with destruction of the corneous layer, was localized in the upper zone of the beak. diagnosis was carried out on samples of the affected zone by direct microscopic observation, routine fungal culturing techniques, and scanning electron microscopy. results were consistent: p. cyclopium was the only microorganism associated with the lesion site. no previous reports concerning thi ... | 2003 | 7702532 |
| antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. | brunfelsia genus is traditionally utilized in popular medicine due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties to name but a few. however, studies on the antimicrobial activity of brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin have not been found yet. this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of b. uniflora flower oleoresin obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. oleoresin from the plant dried flowers was obtained by carbon dioxide, and the chemical composition ... | 2017 | 28407186 |
| anti-fungal activity, mechanism studies on α-phellandrene and nonanal against penicillium cyclopium. | essential oils from plants have been reported to have wide spread antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal pathogens, and these include α-phellandrene, nonanal and other volatile substances. however, biological activities of α-phellandrene and nonanal have been reported only in a few publications. further investigations are necessary to determine the antimicrobial activity of these compounds, especially for individual application, to establish the possible mechanism of action ... | 0 | 28510196 |
| [feedstuffs contamination by penicillium cyclopium westling. frequency of penicillic acid producing strains (author's transl)]. | for the last six years, 246 samples of feedstuffs, suspected for animal disorder, have been subjected to mycological examination, penicillium cyclopium was present with more than 10(3) and 10(5) propagules per gram respectively in 42% and 6% of samples. the feeds mainly concerned are, in decreasing order of p. cyclopium frequency and contamination level : barley, maïze mixed feeds (50%), the straw (41%), hays (21%) and milk replacers (10%) (table 1). the penicillic acid bioproduction by fifty st ... | 0 | 231921 |
| verrucofortine, a major metabolite of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, the fungus that produces the mycotoxin verrucosidin. | verrucofortine [8], an alkaloid derived from tryptophan and leucine, has been isolated from the fungus penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. the structure and absolute configuration have been established by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical techniques. its structure is unrelated to that of other major metabolite of the organism, the highly toxic pyrone-type polyketide verrucosidin [1], which was previously reported to be a tremorgen. a second novel metabolite, normethylverrucosidin [3 ... | 2016 | 3373229 |
| inhibitory effects of essential oil components on growth of food-contaminating fungi. | the antifungal activity of several components of essential oils were evaluated using a paper-disk method. the substances investigated are structurally related to eugenol. equimolar amounts were tested on more than ten fungal strains known to contaminate food. iso-eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, eugenol and thymol revealed the strongest antifungal activity. the most resistant strain appeared to be penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, and the most sensitive was p. viridicatum. some of the st ... | 1987 | 3303732 |
| [study of the lipolytic system of penicillium verrucosum var cyclopium (westling). ii. conditions for the production of the lipase system]. | the specie penicillium verrucosum var cyclopium (westling) has showed that media containing peptones, especially, trypticase, as a source of nitrogen and maltose or glucose as a source of carbon are most efficient for a good stimulation of the lipolytic activity. salt, especially mg++ ion and some oligo- elements exhibit a marked effect on enzyme production. on the other hand, addition of lipids to the growth medium inhibited the lipase production. shaking of the medium decreases the amount of l ... | 2006 | 4091619 |
| [the lipolytic system of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium (westling). i. precharacterization of the lipase system]. | the principal properties of the lipase produced by penicillium verrucosum var cyclopium westling, were studied. it has been shown that optimal temperature for activity is 30 degrees c and the optimal ph is 8. this lipase is thermal resistant and able to hydrolyse easier the tributyrine than olive oil. | 2012 | 6544051 |
| [enhancement factors of penicillic acid production by penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium in foodstuffs (author's transl)]. | main parameters of penicillic acid (p.a.) production by p. verrucosum var. cyclopium were investigated: substrate nature, water content (h: 22-70%), temperature (5-30% degrees c), confined air and incubation delay. 6100, 2820, 1832, 39 and 0.8 mg/kg were the maximal yields obtained in corn, barley, straw, colza and soya. toxinogenesis rate was greatly enhanced in crushed corn. maximal yields in corn increased exponentially with h; production and disappearance rates of the free toxin were an incr ... | 1980 | 7196200 |
| [antigenic analysis of cheese mites with view to a study of cheese-makers' illness (author's transl)]. | "somatic" and "metabolic" antigens prepared from a. farinae and t. casei mites in auvergne cheese were used for experimental immunisation: the hyper-immune serums obtained permitted 11 to 21 precipitant systems to be distinguished. an enzymatic activity could be identified on certain arcs. research into antigenic communities showed the existence of 1 to 3 arcs common to the mite antigens, but none with the antigens obtained from the penicillium cyclopium and mucor fuscus moulds accompanying the ... | 2006 | 549176 |
| gastrodin production from p-2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol through biotransformation by cultured cells of aspergillus foetidus and penicillium cyclopium. | the objective of this work was to take advantage of the resting cells of suitable fungus as an in vitro model to prepare gastrodin from p-2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (hba), which mainly exists in the metabolites of the plant gastrodia elata blume. the one-step biotransformation of hba into gastrodin was examined with the filamentous fungi cells of aspergillus foetidus and penicillium cyclopium as 3.4513 in this study. the fundamental conditions of biotransformation were screened and compared for bot ... | 2013 | 23483410 |
| comparison of free and immobilized l-asparaginase synthesized by gamma-irradiated penicillium cyclopium. | gamma irradiation is used on penicillium cyclopium in order to obtain mutant cells of high l-asparaginase productivity. using gamma irradiation dose of 4 kgy, p. cyclopium cells yielded l-asparaginase with extracellular enzyme activity of 210.8 ± 3 u/ml, and specific activity of 752.5 ± 1.5 u/mg protein, which are 1.75 and 1.53 times, respectively, the activity of the wild strain. the enzyme was partially purified by 40-60% acetone precipitation. l-asparaginase was immobilized onto amberlite ir- ... | 2016 | 27281993 |
| a unique mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from penicillium cyclopium: heterologous expression, biochemical characterization and molecular basis for its substrate selectivity. | a cdna gene encoding a mature peptide of the mono- and diacylglycerol lipase (abbreviated to pcmdl) from penicillium cyclopium pg37 was cloned and expressed in pichia pastoris gs115. the recombinant pcmdl (repcmdl) with an apparent molecular weight of 39 kda showed the highest activity (40.5 u/ml of culture supernatant) on 1,2-dibutyrin substrate at temperature 35°c and ph 7.5. the repcmdl was stable at a ph range of 6.5-9.5 and temperatures below 35°c. the activity of repcmdl was inhibited by h ... | 2014 | 25051359 |
| astaxanthin preparation by lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of its esters from haematococcus pluvialis algal extracts. | five of 8 fungal lipases screened were found to effectively hydrolyze astaxanthin esters from haematococcus pluvialis algal cell extracts. among these, an alkaline lipase from penicillium cyclopium, expressed in pichia pastoris, had the highest enzymolysis efficiency. tween80 was shown to be an effective emulsifier in this lipase hydrolysis system for the 1st time. a series of experiments were performed to find optimal conditions for hydrolysis (ph, temperature, reaction time, lipase dosage). in ... | 2011 | 22417348 |
| catalase activity in arctic microfungi grown at different temperatures. | the total of 98 strains of moulds were isolated from soils collected in arctic tundra (spitzbergen). among these strains penicillium cyclopium 1, the most effective for production of catalase, was selected by the method of test-tube microculture. the time course of growth and catalase production by this strain showed the intracellular activity of this enzyme to be about 3-fold higher than its extracellular level some properties of crude catalase preparation, isolated from postculture liquids by ... | 2003 | 12705326 |
| maximizing production of penicillium cyclopium partial acylglycerol lipase. | penicillium cyclopium partial acylglycerol lipase production was maximized in shaken batch culture. the effect of inoculum size and substrate concentration on the lipase activity released in the culture medium was visualized using a surface response methodology based on a doehlert experimental design. the main advantage of this approach is the low number of experiments required to construct a predictive model of the experimental domain. substrate percentage (corn steep, w/v) ranged from 0.1% to ... | 2002 | 12466881 |
| conidiation in penicillium cyclopium is induced by conidiogenone, an endogenous diterpene. | the filamentous fungus penicillium cyclopium conidiates in the presence of calcium ions in submerged culture without nutrient limitation according to a precisely timed program. conidiation could be prematurely induced in a nutritionally sufficient medium which had previously supported growth, suggesting that a metabolite which influenced the process was produced. a diterpenoid with conidiation-inducing activity, conidiogenone, was purified from the culture medium, along with conidiogenol, a puta ... | 2002 | 12455699 |
| purification and characterization of an alkaline lipase from penicillium cyclopium pg37. | an extracellular, novel alkaline lipase produced by penicillium cyclopium pg37 was purified by centrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and phenyl-sepharose cl-4b, deae sepharose fast flow and sephadex g-75 column chromatographies. a 16.5-fold purification of the enzyme was achieved which had a specific activity of 5 200 u/mg protein, and the recovery of the activity was 33.2%. the purified enzyme exhibited a single band on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and polyacrylam ... | 1999 | 12110932 |
| uric acid is a genuine metabolite of penicillium cyclopium and stimulates the expression of alkaloid biosynthesis in this fungus. | on searching for endogenous, low-molecular-weight effectors of benzodiazepine alkaloid biosynthesis in penicillium cyclopium uric acid was isolated from ethanolic or autoclaved mycelial extracts of this fungus. the isolation was based on a three-step high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure guided by a microplate bioassay, and uric acid was identified by mass spectrometry and the uricase reaction. conidiospore suspensions that were treated with this compound during the early phase of outgro ... | 2002 | 11916664 |
| optimal design for the maximization of penicillium cyclopium lipase production. | penicillium cyclopium triacylglycerol lipase production was maximized in stationary batch culture. we used a surface response methodology based on a doehlert experimental design to study the effect on the lipase activity released in the culture medium of the three most important factors: substrate concentration, ph and inoculum. besides reducing the number of experiments required for optimization, this technique allowed us to quantify the lipase activity in any part of the experimental domain.we ... | 2001 | 11759682 |
| selective regulatory effects of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides on vacuolar transport of amino acids. | the release of amino acids from their vacuolar store was studied in situ, i.e. in cells with selectively permeabilized plasma membrane and functionally intact vacuoles. as we previously described [roos et al., j. biol. chem. 272 (1997) 15849-15855], this transport process is regulated by extravacuolar adenylates at their physiological concentrations. we now show, using our test object penicillium cyclopium, that not only purine but also pyrimidine nucleotides are involved in the control of efflu ... | 2000 | 10996656 |
| biochemical and structural characterization of triacylglycerol lipase from penicillium cyclopium. | an extracellular lipase, active on water-insoluble triacylglycerols, has been isolated from penicillium cyclopium. the purified enzyme has a molecular mass of 29 kda by gel filtration and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it hydrolyzes emulsions of tributyrin, trioctanoin, and olive oil at the same rate as pancreatic lipase and shows very low activity against partial acylglycerols (monooctanoin and dioctanoin) and methyl esters. it is stable at 35 degrees c for 60 min and has maximal activ ... | 1998 | 9590625 |
| determination of viridicatin in penicillium cyclopium by capillary gas chromatography. | a sensitive gas chromatographic method for the determination of the quinoline alkaloid viridicatin, a fungal metabolite isolated from several penicillium species and presumably a biogenetic precursor to naturally occurring diazepam-like 1,4-benzo-diazepines, has been developed. prior to conversion of viridicatin into a volatile trimethylsilyl derivative, a rapid sample clean-up was accomplished by solid-phase extraction from mould mycelium on a c18 cartridge. using synthetical 6-bromo-viridicati ... | 1997 | 9356136 |
| dynamic compartmentation of vacuolar amino acids in penicillium cyclopium. cytosolic adenylates act as a control signal for efflux into the cytosol. | the regulation of amino acid transport from the vacuolar reservoir into the cytoplasm has been studied in hyphal cells of penicillium cyclopium. to avoid artifacts caused by the isolation of vacuoles, efflux was examined "in situ," i.e. in cells whose plasma membranes were permeabilized for micromolecules by a treatment with nystatin. the atp-dependent proton gradient and amino acid transport activities at the vacuolar membrane remained intact under these conditions. accumulation of amino acids ... | 1997 | 9188483 |
| calcium-induced conidiation in penicillium cyclopium: calcium triggers cytosolic alkalinization at the hyphal tip. | addition of ca2+ (1 to 10 mm) to submerged cultures of penicillium cyclopium induces conidiation. ca2+ induced an increase in cytosolic ph from approximately 7.00 to > 7.60 in less than 10 min, as determined with the fluorescent ph probe fluorescein. measurement of the h(+)-atpase activity in total membrane fractions did not show any stable activation in vivo as a result of ca2+ treatment. by fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy, it was observed that vegetative hyphae exhibit a tip-to-base ph g ... | 1993 | 8380805 |
| preparation of right-side-out plasma membrane vesicles from penicillium cyclopium: a critical assessment of markers. | a plasma membrane fraction was obtained by the combined use of differential centrifugation and aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning techniques. vanadate-inhibited atpase and glucan synthase activities were highly enriched in this fraction, although the presence of atpase activity which was not inhibited by vanadate, nitrate, molybdate, anyimycin a or azide was also detected. other intracellular membrane marker activities were present at very low or undetectable levels. a further separation ste ... | 1992 | 1479349 |
| calcium binding and induction of conidiation in protoplasts of penicillium cyclopium. | cell wall-free protoplasts of p. cyclopium could regenerate a cell wall and form mycelia in liquid culture with high rates of viability. when calcium was added to the medium, protoplasts displayed biphasic accumulation with an immediate metabolism-independent adsorption phase, followed by slow metabolism-dependent uptake. exposure of the protoplasts to ca2+ for periods of 2 min, followed by incubation in calcium-free medium for 24 hours, was sufficient to induce conidiation with morphogenetic ev ... | 1990 | 2372211 |
| kinetic properties, nutrient-dependent regulation and energy coupling of amino-acid transport systems in penicillium cyclopium. | in submerged grown hyphae of penicillium cyclopium the activities of seven transport systems could be distinguished which share in the uptake of l-arginine, l-glutamic acid, l-phenylalanine and l-leucine. they include the specific systems a (accepting l-arginine and l-lysine), b (l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine), c (l-glutamic acid) and d (l-leucine), system i (a 'general amino-acid permease') and the low-affinity systems ii and iii, which accept acidic or basic amino acids, respectively, but also l ... | 1989 | 2563328 |
| microcycle conidiation in submerged cultures of penicillium cyclopium attained without temperature changes. | microcycle conidiation in shaken cultures of penicillium cyclopium m 79 was induced at 24 degrees c without any shock treatment. the occurrence of a microcycle depended on the presence of an organic acid (especially glutamic acid) in combination with glucose, low phosphate concentration, light and sufficient aeration. absence of glucose and/or lowered aeration evoked vegetative growth. a synchronous and homogeneous microcycle required a certain relationship between the number of inoculated conid ... | 1988 | 2908204 |
| properties of mitochondria from penicillium cyclopium and their response to calcium and other divalent cations. | the respiratory properties of isolated mitochondria from p. cyclopium were studied with particular attention to their response to calcium ions. the results obtained indicate concentration dependent stimulation of nadh oxidation by calcium ions. similar effects could also be obtained with other divalent cations. | 1988 | 3421668 |
| 6-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetriol, a new intermediate in penicillic acid biosynthesis in penicillium cyclopium. | penicillic acid-negative mutants were obtained from a color mutant derived from penicillium cyclopium nrrl 1888 through n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine treatment. one mutant (sk2n6) accumulated 6-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetriol, which was not previously known to be a metabolite of p. cyclopium, in addition to orsellinic acid and orcinol. the radioactivity of [1-14c]acetic acid was rapidly incorporated into 6-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetriol in a culture of p. cyclopium sk2n6. moreover, the radioactivity ... | 1987 | 3662504 |
| intracellular ph topography of penicillium cyclopium protoplasts. maintenance of delta ph by both passive and active mechanisms. | the intracellular ph distribution in protoplasts of penicillium cyclopium has been studied using the recently developed fluorescent probe microscopic technique. the technique gives detailed ph maps of the interior of the protoplasts with the exception of vacuoles (no fluorescence signal from vacuoles was observed). in the cytoplasm two separate layers were distinguished: a thinner outer layer with acidic ph (around 5) and the larger core region with near neutral ph. the ph of the core region is ... | 1987 | 3567193 |
| isolation of compactin (a hypocholestrolemic metabolite) from a new source: penicillium cyclopium. | | 2013 | 3734817 |
| isolation, characterization, and preliminary x-ray diffraction data for a serine protease from penicillium cyclopium. | the major extracellular protein of penicillium cyclopium has been isolated from its culture media and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel, and ion-exchange chromatography. we show this secreted protein to be endopeptidase. the molecular weight is approximately 32,000, the pi is 5.0, and the ph optimum using a variety of protein and synthetic substrates is around 7.0. inhibition studies show that the protease is not inhibited by pepstatin nor by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, indicating ... | 1986 | 3511055 |
| cyclopeptine synthetase activity in surface cultures of penicillium cyclopium. | cyclopeptine synthetase, the key enzyme of benzodiazepine alkaloid biosynthesis in penicillium cyclopium forms cyclo-(anthranoyl-phenylalanyl) from anthranilic acid, l-phenylalanine, the methyl group of l-methionine and atp. the following in vitro measurable partial activities of the enzyme system were followed during the development of p. cyclopium: anthranilic acid and l-phenylalanine adenylyltransferase activities, and the ability for thioester-binding of l-phenylalanine to the enzyme protein ... | 1985 | 2995633 |