| cytochemical analysis at the fine-structural level of trypanosomatids stained with phosphotungstic acid. | the ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (pta) technic was used to detect, at the fine-structural level, basic proteins in various developmental stages of pathogenic trypanosoma cruzi, and nonpathogenic herpetomonas samuelpessoai, leptomonas samueli, and crithidia deanei, trypanosomatids. reactions were observed in the nucleus of all stages. in the kinetoplast of epimastigote and promastigote forms reactions were noted mainly at the periphery. in trypomastigotes and choanomastigotes forms, however, an ... | 1979 | 94607 |
| five trypanosomatid species of insects distinguished by isoenzymes. | blastocrithidia culicis, crithidia deanei, crithidia fasciculata, herpetomonas samuelpessoai, leptomonas seymouri and leishmania tarentolae grown in cultures were compared by electrophoretic mobility for isoenzymes in 6 enzymes. all species were found distinct in these characteristics. endosymbiotic c. deanei, which was identical to the aposymbiotic c. deanei in 5 enzymes, had an extra band in aspartate aminotransferase. no differences in isoenzymes were found between members of one species main ... | 1979 | 161788 |
| purine metabolism in trypanosomatids. | purine nucleotide biosynthesis was studied in culture forms of trypanosoma cruzi strain y, crithidia deanei (a reduviid trypanosomatid with an endosymbiote) and an aposymbiotic strain of c. deanei (obtained by curing c. deanei with chloramphenicol). trypanosoma cruzi was found to synthesize purine nucleotides only fring incorporated into both adenine and guanine nucleotides. similar results were obtained with guanine, indicating that this flagellate has a system for the interconversion of purine ... | 1979 | 395295 |
| characterization of cellular immune response to chemically defined glycoconjugates from leishmania mexicana subsp. amazonensis. | two defined glycoconjugates (gp-10/20 and fr ii phe) purified from leishmania mexicana subsp. amazonensis were analyzed with respect to their ability to induce cellular responses in immunized and infected mice. each glycoconjugate was recognized by specific immune cells, as assessed by the proliferative response of lymph node cells of immunized mice. the response to gp-10/20 depended on helper t cells and antigen-presenting cells and was restricted by a major histocompatibility complex class ii ... | 1986 | 2416692 |
| ultrastructural visualization of lipids in trypanosomatids. | an imidazole-buffered osmium tetroxide solution was used to visualize lipids at the ultrastructural level in the following members of the family trypanosomatidae: trypanosoma cruzi, t. dionisii, t. vespertilionis. t. rangeli, crithidia deanei, c. fasciculata, c. oncopelti, and blastocrithidia culicis. electron-dense material was seen in various lipid droplets found in all parasites and in the multivesicular structure of members of the sub-genus schizotrypanum. high contrast of some membranes, ma ... | 1987 | 3108493 |
| isolation of the flagellum and characterization of the paraxial structure of herpetomonas megaseliae. | it was observed in thin sections that the flagellum from herpetomonas megaseliae, a protozoan of the trypanosomatidae family, has, besides the axoneme, a filamentous lattice-like structure, the paraxial rod. crithidia deanei, a protozoan of the same family, does not possess a paraxial rod in its flagellum. the flagella of these two trypanosomatids were isolated. cultures were sonified and fractionated thus resulting the following fractions: total homogenates, deflagellated cell bodies, crude fla ... | 1984 | 6502778 |
| cross-reactivity between trypanosoma cruzi and insect trypanosomatids as a basis for the diagnosos of chagas' disease. | immunological cross-reactivity between trypanosoma cruzi and insect trypanosomatids was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and confirmed by complement fixation, direct agglutination and cross-absorption experiments. as antigens, the following organisms were surveyed: crithidia deanei, crithidia fasciculata, crithidia luciliae, herpetomonas samuelpessoai, herpetomonas megaseliae, herpetomonas muscarum muscarum, leptomonas seymouri and blastocrithidia culicis. sera from patients with chagas' disea ... | 1981 | 6798889 |
| ultrastructural differences between species of trypanosomatids with and without endosymbionts. | species of trypanosomatids without endosymbionts (leptomonas seymouri, l. collosoma, l. samueli, crithidia fasciculata, c. luciliae, c. acanthocephali, herpetomonas megaseliae, h. mariadeanei, h. samuelpessoai, h. muscarum muscarum, trypanosoma cruzi) and species of trypanosomatids with endosymbionts (crithidia deanei, c. oncopelti, blastocrithidia culicis) were comparatively studied by means of electron microscopy. artificially aposymbiotic strains derived from species with symbiont were also i ... | 1981 | 7024533 |
| homologues of the 24-kda flagellar ca(2+)-binding protein gene of trypanosoma cruzi are present in other members of the trypanosomatidae family. | a full-length cdna encoding the 24-kda flagellar ca(2+)-binding protein (fcabp) of the dm28c clone of trypanosoma cruzi was cloned and characterized. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of the fcabps of other t. cruzi strains revealed greater than 97% sequence conservation. fcabp-like genes are found in trypanosoma conorhini, trypanosoma freitasi, trypanosoma lewisi, herpetomonas megaseliae, leptomonas seymouri, and phytomonas serpens, but not in crithidia deanei, leishmania ... | 1997 | 9225770 |
| a novel extracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteinase from crithidia deanei. | an extracellular cysteine proteinase from an aposymbiotic strain of crithidia deanei was purified 39-fold by a combination of anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. the native molecular mass of this proteinase was estimated to be 225 kda by gel filtration chromatography and it migrates in sds-page as a single band of 80 kda. the optimal enzymatic activity on gelatin was found to occur in the presence of calcium at a neutral ph and at 28 degrees c. the enzyme was completely blocked b ... | 2003 | 14622969 |
| the microtubule analog protein, ftsz, in the endosymbiont of trypanosomatid protozoa. | blastocrithidia culicis and crithidia deanei are trypanosomatids that harbor an endosymbiotic bacterium in their cytoplasm. in prokaryotes, numerous proteins are essential for cell division, such as ftsz, which is encoded by filament-forming temperature-sensitive (fts) genes. ftsz is the prokaryotic homolog of eukaryotic tubulin and is present in bacteria and archaea, and has also been identified in mitochondria and chloroplasts. ftsz plays a key role in the initiation of cytokinesis. it self-as ... | 2004 | 15352321 |
| infection of mouse dermal fibroblasts by the monoxenous trypanosomatid protozoa crithidia deanei and herpetomonas roitmani. | traditionally, monoxenous trypanosomatid protozoa are not believed to infect vertebrate cells. using light and electron microscopy, we show that the monoxenous trypanosomatids crithidia deanei and herpetomonas roitmani are able to infect dermal mouse fibroblasts in vitro. we present experimental evidence of phagocytosis of these trypanosomatids, and demonstrate their survival in vertebrate cells. this paper raises the question about the role of c. deanei and h. roitmani, and perhaps other monoxe ... | 2004 | 15537092 |
| cryptic paraflagellar rod in endosymbiont-containing kinetoplastid protozoa. | cilia and flagella are central to many biological processes in a diverse range of organisms. the kinetoplastid protozoa are very appealing models for the study of flagellar function, particularly in the light of the availability of extensive trypanosomatid genome information. in addition to the highly conserved 9 + 2 axoneme, the kinetoplastid flagellum contains a characteristic paraflagellar rod structure (pfr). the pfr is necessary for full motility and provides support for metabolic regulator ... | 2005 | 15755914 |
| influence of the endosymbiont of blastocrithidia culicis and crithidia deanei on the glycoconjugate expression and on aedes aegypti interaction. | blastocrithidia culicis and crithidia deanei are trypanosomatid protozoa of insects that normally contain intracellular symbiotic bacteria. the protozoa can be rid of their endosymbionts by antibiotics, producing a cured cell line. here, we analyzed the glycoconjugate profiles of endosymbiont-harboring and cured strains of b. culicis and c. deanei by western blotting and flow cytometry analyses using lectins that recognize specifically sialic acid and mannose-like residues. the absence of the en ... | 2005 | 16216441 |
| insights into the role of gp63-like proteins in lower trypanosomatids. | any actual understanding of trypanosomatids in general requires a comprehensive analysis of the less-specialized species as thorough as our knowledge of the more specialized leishmania and trypanosoma. in this context, we have shown by antibody cross-reactivity that purified extracellular metallopeptidases from phytomonas françai, crithidia deanei (cured strain) and crithidia guilhermei share common epitopes with the leishmanial gp63. flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses indicated ... | 2006 | 16451193 |
| evidence for a sliding-resistance at the tip of the trypanosome flagellum. | motility in trypanosomes is achieved through the undulating behaviour of a single "9 + 2" flagellum; normally the flagellar waves begin at the flagellar tip and propagate towards the base. for flagella in general, however, propagation is from base-to-tip and it is believed that bend formation, and sustained regular oscillation, depend upon a localised resistance to inter-doublet sliding - which is normally conferred by structures at the flagellar base, typically the basal body. we therefore pred ... | 2006 | 17009329 |
| crithidia deanei: influence of parasite gp63 homologue on the interaction of endosymbiont-harboring and aposymbiotic strains with aedes aegypti midgut. | the present study demonstrates that the endosymbiont of crithidia deanei influences the expression of surface gp63 molecules. ultrastructural immunocytochemical analysis shows the presence of the gp63-like protein in the protozoan flagellum and flagellar pocket, either attached to shed membranes or in a free form. this molecule is glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchored to the plasma membrane as demonstrated by phospholipase c (plc) treatment and cross-reacting determinant detection by immun ... | 2008 | 17945218 |
| roles of the endosymbiont and leishmanolysin-like molecules expressed by crithidia deanei in the interaction with mammalian fibroblasts. | crithidia deanei is an insect trypanosomatid that harbors a bacterial endosymbiont in its cytoplasm. in this work, we have demonstrated the influence of the endosymbiont on the interaction of c. deanei with mammalian fibroblasts, also implicating the surface leishmanolysin-like molecules of c. deanei in this process. the wild strain of c. deanei expressed a higher amount (2-fold) of leishmanolysin-like molecules in the parasite surface than the aposymbiotic strain. the treatment of parasites wit ... | 2009 | 19070618 |
| visualization of the flagellar surface of protists by atomic force microscopy. | in many cells, motility is mediated by flagellar beating. protist parasites are capable of highly coordinated motility which contributes to their pathogenicity in mammalian hosts. understanding the structural aspects of the flagellum may be important to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention. our group used atomic force microscopy (afm) to examine the ultrastructure of trypanosoma cruzi, obtaining valuable information on the organisation of the flagellar sub-structure. ... | 2010 | 20719525 |
| the bacterium endosymbiont of crithidia deanei undergoes coordinated division with the host cell nucleus. | in trypanosomatids, cell division involves morphological changes and requires coordinated replication and segregation of the nucleus, kinetoplast and flagellum. in endosymbiont-containing trypanosomatids, like crithidia deanei, this process is more complex, as each daughter cell contains only a single symbiotic bacterium, indicating that the prokaryote must replicate synchronically with the host protozoan. in this study, we used light and electron microscopy combined with three-dimensional recon ... | 2010 | 20865129 |
| characterization of a porin channel in the endosymbiont of the trypanosomatid protozoan crithidia deanei. | crithidia deanei is a trypanosomatid protozoan that harbors a symbiotic bacterium. the partners maintain a mutualistic relationship, thus constituting an excellent model for studying metabolic exchanges between the host and the symbiont, the origin of organelles and cellular evolution. according to molecular analysis, symbionts of different trypanosomatid species share high identity and descend from a common ancestor, a ß-proteobacteria of the bordetella genus. the endosymbiont is surrounded by ... | 2011 | 21757490 |
| From cryptogene to gene? ND8 editing domain reduction in insect trypanosomatids. | Mitochondrial ND8 gene is pan-edited in most known trypanosomatid species and 5'-edited only in a few trypanosomatid species. In this work, the ND8 nucleotide sequences from three species of insect trypanosomatids ("Wallaceina" sp. Wsd, Leptomonas rigidus and Leptomonas collosoma) were obtained and compared with previously known ND8 cryptogene sequences and mature mRNA sequences from other trypanosomatid species. We found a new pattern of editing: only 18 U residues are inserted in the 5' region ... | 2011 | 22014411 |
| endosymbiosis in trypanosomatid protozoa: the bacterium division is controlled during the host cell cycle. | mutualism is defined as a beneficial relationship for the associated partners and usually assumes that the symbiont number is controlled. some trypanosomatid protozoa co-evolve with a bacterial symbiont that divides in coordination with the host in a way that results in its equal distribution between daughter cells. the mechanism that controls this synchrony is largely unknown, and its comprehension might provide clues to understand how eukaryotic cells evolved when acquiring symbionts that late ... | 2015 | 26082757 |
| biochemical and phylogenetic analyses of phosphatidylinositol production in angomonas deanei, an endosymbiont-harboring trypanosomatid. | the endosymbiosis in trypanosomatids is characterized by co-evolution between one bacterium and its host protozoan in a mutualistic relationship, thus constituting an excellent model to study organelle origin in the eukaryotic cell. in this association, an intense metabolic exchange is observed between both partners: the host provides energetic molecules and a stable environment to a reduced wall symbiont, while the bacterium is able to interfere in host metabolism by enhancing phospholipid prod ... | 2015 | 25903782 |
| predicting the proteins of angomonas deanei, strigomonas culicis and their respective endosymbionts reveals new aspects of the trypanosomatidae family. | endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids have been considered excellent models for the study of cell evolution because the host protozoan co-evolves with an intracellular bacterium in a mutualistic relationship. such protozoa inhabit a single invertebrate host during their entire life cycle and exhibit special characteristics that group them in a particular phylogenetic cluster of the trypanosomatidae family, thus classified as monoxenics. in an effort to better understand such symbiotic association ... | 2013 | 23560078 |
| expression of calpain-like proteins and effects of calpain inhibitors on the growth rate of angomonas deanei wild type and aposymbiotic strains. | angomonas deanei is a trypanosomatid parasite of insects that has a bacterial endosymbiont, which supplies amino acids and other nutrients to its host. bacterium loss induced by antibiotic treatment of the protozoan leads to an aposymbiotic strain with increased need for amino acids and results in increased production of extracellular peptidases. in this work, a more detailed examination of a. deanei was conducted to determine the effects of endosymbiont loss on the host calpain-like proteins (c ... | 2015 | 26415499 |
| development of a toolbox to dissect host-endosymbiont interactions and protein trafficking in the trypanosomatid angomonas deanei. | bacterial endosymbionts are found across the eukaryotic kingdom and profoundly impacted eukaryote evolution. in many endosymbiotic associations with vertically inherited symbionts, highly complementary metabolic functions encoded by host and endosymbiont genomes indicate integration of metabolic processes between the partner organisms. while endosymbionts were initially expected to exchange only metabolites with their hosts, recent evidence has demonstrated that also host-encoded proteins can be ... | 2016 | 27835948 |
| reduction of tubulin expression in angomonas deanei by rnai modifies the ultrastructure of the trypanosomatid protozoan and impairs division of its endosymbiotic bacterium. | in the last two decades, rna interference pathways have been employed as a useful tool for reverse genetics in trypanosomatids. angomonas deanei is a nonpathogenic trypanosomatid that maintains an obligatory endosymbiosis with a bacterium related to the alcaligenaceae family. studies of this symbiosis can help us to understand the origin of eukaryotic organelles. the recent elucidation of both the a. deanei and the bacterium symbiont genomes revealed that the host protozoan codes for the enzymes ... | 2016 | 27194398 |
| symbiont modulates expression of specific gene categories in angomonas deanei. | trypanosomatids are parasites that cause disease in humans, animals, and plants. most are non-pathogenic and some harbor a symbiotic bacterium. endosymbiosis is part of the evolutionary process of vital cell functions such as respiration and photosynthesis. angomonas deanei is an example of a symbiont-containing trypanosomatid. in this paper, we sought to investigate how symbionts influence host cells by characterising and comparing the transcriptomes of the symbiont-containing a. deanei (wild t ... | 2016 | 27706380 |
| structures of trypanosome vacuolar soluble pyrophosphatases: antiparasitic drug targets. | trypanosomatid parasites are the causative agents of many neglected tropical diseases, including the leishmaniases, chagas disease, and human african trypanosomiasis. they exploit unusual vacuolar soluble pyrophosphatases (vsps), absent in humans, for cell growth and virulence and, as such, are drug targets. here, we report the crystal structures of vsp1s from trypanosoma cruzi and t. brucei, together with that of the t. cruzi protein bound to a bisphosphonate inhibitor. both vsp1s form a hybrid ... | 2016 | 26907161 |
| mitochondrial respiration and genomic analysis provide insight into the influence of the symbiotic bacterium on host trypanosomatid oxygen consumption. | certain trypanosomatids co-evolve with an endosymbiotic bacterium in a mutualistic relationship that is characterized by intense metabolic exchanges. symbionts were able to respire for up to 4 h after isolation from angomonas deanei. fccp (carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone) similarly increased respiration in wild-type and aposymbiotic protozoa, though a higher maximal o2 consumption capacity was observed in the symbiont-containing cells. rotenone, a complex i inhibitor, did no ... | 2015 | 25160925 |
| new insights about cross-reactive epitopes of six trypanosomatid genera revealed that crithidia and leptomonas have antigenic similarity to l. (l.) chagasi. | we investigated whether elisa using crude antigens from insect and plant trypanosomatids, which are non-pathogenic and easily cultivated in large scale, has the same positivity data as leishmania (leishmania) chagasi, the etiological agent of human visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or canine leishmaniasis (canl), or as trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease (cd). the antigens from crithidia fasciculata, crithidia luciliae, and leptomonas seymouri showed 100% cross-reactivity with v ... | 2014 | 24275757 |
| actin expression in trypanosomatids (euglenozoa: kinetoplastea). | heteroxenic and monoxenic trypanosomatids were screened for the presence of actin using a mouse polyclonal antibody produced against the entire sequence of the trypanosoma cruzi actin gene, encoding a 41.9 kda protein. western blot analysis showed that this antibody reacted with a polypeptide of approximately 42 kda in the whole-cell lysates of parasites targeting mammals (t. cruzi, trypanosoma brucei and leishmania major), insects (angomonas deanei, crithidia fasciculata, herpetomonas samuelpes ... | 2013 | 23903980 |
| effects of miltefosine on the proliferation, ultrastructure, and phospholipid composition of angomonas deanei, a trypanosomatid protozoan that harbors a symbiotic bacterium. | some trypanosomatids, such as angomonas deanei formerly named as crithidia deanei, present an obligatory intracellular bacterium, which maintains a mutualistic relationship with the host. phosphatidylcholine (pc) is the major phospholipid in eukaryotes and an essential component of cell membranes playing structural, biochemical, and physiological roles. however, in prokaryotes, pc is present only in those species closely associated with eukaryotes, either in symbiotic or pathogenic interactions. ... | 2012 | 22651853 |
| phylogenetic validation of the genera angomonas and strigomonas of trypanosomatids harboring bacterial endosymbionts with the description of new species of trypanosomatids and of proteobacterial symbionts. | we comparatively examined the nutritional, molecular and optical and electron microscopical characteristics of reference species and new isolates of trypanosomatids harboring bacterial endosymbionts. sequencing of the v7v8 region of the small subunit of the ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene distinguished six major genotypes among the 13 isolates examined. the entire sequences of the ssu rrna and glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (ggapdh) genes were obtained for phylogenetic analyses. ... | 2011 | 21420905 |
| l-proline uptake in crithidia deanei is influenced by its endosymbiont bacterium. | crithidia deanei, a monoxenic trypanosomatid, presents an endosymbiotic bacterium in its cytoplasm. both the protozoan and the bacterium maintain intensive metabolic exchange, resulting in an interesting model to study the coevolution of metabolisms. the relevance of l-proline for the growth of c. deanei and its transport into these cells was studied. both the endosymbiont-containing (wild) and the endosymbiont-free protozoa (aposymbiont or cured) strains, when grown in medium supplemented with ... | 2008 | 18397288 |
| phosphatidylcholine synthesis in crithidia deanei: the influence of the endosymbiont. | in this study, the role of phospholipid biosynthetic pathways was investigated in the establishment of the mutualistic relationship between the trypanosomatid protozoan crithidia deanei and its symbiotic bacterium. although the endosymbiont displays two unit membranes, it lacks a typical gram-negative cell wall. as in other intracellular bacteria, phosphatidylcholine is a major component of the symbiont envelope. here, it was shown that symbiont-bearing c. deanei incorporates more than two-fold ... | 2007 | 17714482 |
| an endosymbiont positively modulates ornithine decarboxylase in host trypanosomatids. | some trypanosomatids, such as crithidia deanei, are endosymbiont-containing species. aposymbiotic strains are obtained after antibiotic treatment, revealing interesting aspects of this symbiotic association. ornithine decarboxylase (odc) promotes polyamine biosynthesis and contributes to cell proliferation. here, we show that odc activity is higher in endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids than in aposymbiotic cells, but isolated endosymbionts did not display this enzyme activity. intriguingly, ex ... | 2006 | 16546131 |
| effects of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors on endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids. | some protozoa of the trypanosomatidae family have a close relationship with an endosymbiotic bacterium. as the prokaryote envelope has a controversial origin, a sterol 24-methyltransferase inhibitor (20-piperidin-2-yl-5alpha-pregnan-3beta,20-diol; 22,26-azasterol) was used as a tool to investigate lipid biosynthetic pathways in crithidia deanei, an endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatid. apart from antiproliferative effects, this drug induced ultrastructural alterations, consisting of myelin-like f ... | 2006 | 16436059 |
| a metalloproteinase extracellularly released by crithidia deanei. | actively motile cells from a cured strain of crithidia deanei released proteins in phosphate buffer (ph 7.4). the molecular mass of the released polypeptides, which included some proteinases, ranged from 19 to 116 kda. one of the major protein bands was purified to homogeneity by a combination of anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatographs. the apparent molecular mass of this protein was estimated to be 62 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the inco ... | 2003 | 14663496 |
| ectonucleotide diphosphohydrolase activity in crithidia deanei. | in this work we describe the ability of living crithidia deanei to hydrolyze extracellular atp. in intact cells at ph 7.2, a low level of atp hydrolysis was observed in the absence of any divalent metal (0.41+/-0.13 nmol p(i) h(-1) 10(7) cells(-1)). the atp hydrolysis was stimulated by mgcl(2) and the mg(2+)-dependent ecto-atpase activity was 4.05+/-0.17 nmol p(i) h(-1) 10(7) cells(-1). mg(2+)-dependent ecto-atpase activity increased linearly with cell density and with time for at least 60 min. ... | 2002 | 12209331 |
| ecto-phosphatase activity on the cell surface of crithidia deanei. | in the present work we have partially characterized an ecto-phosphatase activity in crithidia deanei, using viable parasites. this enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenylphosphate at a rate of 3.55 +/- 0.47 nmol pi/h x 10(8) cells. the dependence on p-npp concentration shows a normal michaelis-menten kinetics for this phosphatase activity and the value of the apparent km for p-npp was 5.35 +/- 0.89 mm. this phosphatase activity was inhibited by the product of the reaction, the inorganic phosphate. exper ... | 2016 | 12132692 |
| differential expression of proteolytic enzymes in endosymbiont-harboring crithidia species. | crithidia oncopelti, crithidia deanei and crithidia desouzai are flagellates of the trypanosomatidae family that present bacterium-like endosymbionts in their cytoplasm. gelatin-sds-page analysis was used to characterize cell-associated and extracellular proteinases in these organisms. our survey indicates that the proteolytic profiles of c. deanei and c. desouzai are identical; that c. oncopelti displays a distinct zymogram; and that species naturally lacking endosymbionts have a more complex e ... | 2001 | 11506910 |
| the heterogeneity of choanomastigote-shaped trypanosomatids as analyzed by their kdna minicircle size: taxonomic implicaitons. | the kdna minicircle size was analyzed in 15 species of choanomastigote-shaped trypanosomatids and four main groups of species were identified: (1) "crithidia" deanei, "c." desouzai and "herpetomonas" roitmani, which presented the largest molecules (> or = 3,800 bp), (2) "c." oncopelti with minicircles of at least four different sizes within 1,300-2,650 bp, (3) c. fasciculata, c. guilhermei and c. luciliae, having at least two sizes of minicircle (2,650 bp and 3,000 bp) and (4) a heterogeneous gr ... | 2000 | 11068813 |
| endosymbiosis in protozoa of the trypanosomatidae family. | a small number of trypanosomatids present bacterium endosymbionts in the cytoplasm, which divide synchronously with the host cell. crithidia oncopleti, crithidia deanei. crithidia desouzai, blastocrithidia culicis and herpetomonas roitmani are the best characterized species. the endosymbiont is surrounded by two membranes separated from each other by an electron-lucent space. the presence of the endosymbiont led to the appearance of morphological changes which include the lack of the paraflagell ... | 1999 | 10220875 |
| ultrastructural and biochemical analysis of the relationship of crithidia deanei with its endosymbiont. | some protozoa of the trypanosomatidae family harbor in their cytoplasm bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to and induce morphological alterations in the protozoa. in the present study, a close association between endosymbionts and glycosomes, a peroxisome-like organelle where most of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway are compartmentalized, was identified by conventional transmission electron microscopy in crithidia deanei. such an association was further supported by th ... | 1997 | 9127737 |
| influence of the endosymbiont on the interaction of crithidia deanei with macrophages. | | 1987 | 3503180 |
| heme synthesis in crithidia deanei: influence of the endosymbiote. | the activity of the following enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of porphyrins was determined in endosymbiote-free and endosymbiote-containing crithidia deanei grown in a chemically defined medium: succinyl coenzyme a synthetase (suc.coa-s), 5-aminolevulinate synthetase (ala-s), 4,5-dioxovaleric acid transaminase (dova-t), 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ala-d), porphobilinogenase (pbgase), deaminase and heme synthetase (heme-s). the amount of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) and porphobilinogen, po ... | 1985 | 3937749 |
| cell surface carbohydrates in crithidia deanei: influence of the endosymbiote. | the cell surface of the symbiote-containing and symbiote-free strains of crithidia deanei were characterized comparatively by using 22 highly purified lectins with specificities for n-acetyl glucosamine, n-acetyl galactosamine, galactose, mannose-like residues, fucose and sialic acid. the specificity of the cell surface carbohydrate in both strains were analyzed by agglutination and lectin-binding assays. c. deanei with or without endosymbiote was specifically agglutinated by lectins from tritic ... | 1982 | 7067702 |
| simple nutrition of crithidia deanei, a reduviid trypanosomatid with an endosymbiont. | | 1974 | 4278787 |