| bluetongue antibody in botswana's domestic and game animals. | bluetongue precipitating antibody was demonstrated in sera of cattle, camels, sheep, goats and seven game species. of the domestic species the percentage of sera positive were; cattle 92%, camels 81%, goats 83% and sheep 36%. sheep sera, unlike those of other domestic species, varied greatly from area to area in the percentage positive. seroconversions were recorded in adult sheep between september and april. in adult cattle there was a gradual decline in the percentage positive with increasing ... | 1979 | 220761 |
| arthropod parasites of springbok, gemsbok, kudus, giraffes and burchell's and hartmann's zebras in the etosha and hardap nature reserves, namibia. | a total of 48 springbok, 48 gemsbok, 23 kudus and 6 giraffes were examined for ticks and lice, while 9 burchell's zebras and 6 hartmann's mountain zebras were examined only for ticks. springbok and gemsbok were shot in both the etosha national park in the north and the hardap nature reserve in the south of namibia. all the other animals were shot in the etosha national park. a total of 7 ixodid tick species and 8 lice species were recovered. the springbok carried few ticks. the adults of a rhipi ... | 1992 | 1297955 |
| a new species of lipoptena (diptera:hippoboscidae) from southern africa. | a new species of lipoptena nitzsch, 1818 was found on springbok antidorcas marsupialis zimmerman, 1780 in the cape province and the orange free state, south africa. the flies, for which the name lipoptena annalizeae is proposed, can be differentiated from the closely related lipoptena sepiacea speiser, 1905 on size, palps, chaetotaxy, pulvilli, and the shape of the posterior genital plates of the males. the morphology of the puparium of the new species is also described and compared with that of ... | 1992 | 1297959 |
| chlamydiosis in a springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | chlamydiosis was diagnosed in a 3-month-old springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) on a farm where 46 out of 65 springbok died over a period of 3 months. nervous signs, which included circling, opisthotonus, loss of balance, recumbency and intermittent paddling movements of the legs were seen in lambs and adult animals. gross lesions consisted of a fibrinous peri- and epicarditis and interstitial nephritis, while the microscopical lesions were characterised by multifocal encephalomyelitis and mening ... | 1988 | 3361557 |
| the helminth parasites of various artiodactylids from some south african nature reserves. | the helminth species composition and helminth burdens of 4 grey duikers, 12 bushbuck, 2 nyala, 2 giraffe, a steenbok, an oribi, a waterbuck and a tsessebe from the kruger national park (knp); of a steenbok and a greater kudu from the farm riekerts laager, transvaal; of a single blue duiker from the tsitsikama forest national park, and of a blue wildebeest, a red hartebeest, a gemsbok and 2 springbok from the kalahari gemsbok national park (kgnp) were collected, counted and identified. new parasi ... | 1986 | 3725333 |
| seasonal activity and hosts of the vectors of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in south africa. | the seasonal activity and hosts of two species of hyalomma, h. marginatum rufipes and h. truncatum, were studied in a crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) zone near bloemhof in the western transvaal. the study was conducted at the s.a. lombard nature reserve, where a child had died from this disease. it was found that adults of the two species are very common during summer while the immature stages were active during winter and also demonstrated a second peak of activity in november. h. margi ... | 1986 | 3961619 |
| arthropods and helminths in springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) at benfontein, kimberley. | from july 1979-december 1980, 48 springbok were culled for a parasite survey at benfontein. lice were the dominant parasites and reached a peak in september. damalinia antidorcus, linognathus antidorcitis, linognathus armatus and linognathus euchore were the most prevalent species, nymphs in most cases outnumbering adults. during the winter months, 2nd and 3rd instar rhinoestrus antidorcitis and r. vanzyli (nasal botflies) were present. the number of helminths reached a peak in january and then ... | 1985 | 4011151 |
| the use of haloperidol as a long-acting neuroleptic in game capture operations. | haloperidol (r1625, serenace) a potent, long-acting butyrophenone neuroleptic, was shown to be very effective in game capture operations for the neuroleptization of several species of african wild herbivores, especially the medium and small antelopes. with a rapid onset of action following intravenous injection and a duration of action of 10-12 h in the majority of cases, haloperidol produced profound pyschomotor effects and remarkable tractability in red hartebeest, blesbok, springbok, duiker, ... | 1981 | 6122740 |
| basic haematological values in antelopes--iii. the reduncinae and the antelopinae. | basic haematological values were measured in 50 individuals of five species falling under the subfamily reduncinae, including the mountain reedbuck (reduncula fulvorufula), the eastern waterback (kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus), the defassa waterbuck (kobus ellipsipyrmnus defassa), the lechwe waterbuck (kobus leche) and the lady gray's waterbuck (kobus megaceros) and in 45 animals of three species of the subfamily antelopinae, including the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), the grant's ga ... | 1984 | 6149055 |
| haemonchus contortus from the vaal ribbok, pelea capreolus, and the bontebok, damaliscus dorcas dorcas, in the bontebok national park. | during a survey of the parasites of antelope in the bontebok national park, swellendam, cape province, specimens of haemonchus contortus with exceptionally long spicules were recovered from 5 out of 8 bontebok, damaliscus dorcas dorcas, and 3 out of 5 vaal ribbok, pelea capreolus, but not from 4 springbok, antidorcas marsupialis. typically, h. contortus has spicules 0,466 +/- 0,085 mm long, but those recovered from vaal ribbok had spicules 0,581 +/- 0,02 mm long and were recovered in large numbe ... | 1983 | 6646659 |
| biochemical polymorphisms in the south african springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | an attempt was made to use polymorphic markers in the genetic taxonomy of springbok populations. three independent free ranging springbok populations could be identified on the basis of albumin and transferrin gene frequencies. even if most of the enzyme markers appeared to be monomorphic it can be stated that in any comparative study of this kind, cryptic genetic markers are of greater use than other environmentally sensitive taxonomic criteria. from the given data and others mentioned it can b ... | 1982 | 6954282 |
| helminth and arthropod parasites of springbok, antidorcas marsupialis, in the transvaal and western cape province. | the helminth burdens of 17 springbok from 2 localities in the transvaal and of 4 springbok from the western cape province were determined. eight of the animals from the transvaal and the 4 from the cape province were also examined for arthropod parasites. in all, 26 helminth species, 5 species of ixodid ticks and 4 species of lice were recovered from the springbok. of the helminths dictyocaulus magnus, trichostrongylus axei, t. falculatus and agriostomum equidentatum were recovered from animals ... | 1982 | 7122069 |
| polycystic kidney and liver disease in springbok: i. morphology of the lesions. | spontaneous polycystic kidney and liver disease in an inbred herd of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) was studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and microdissection. springbok are a small species of gazelle of the family bovidae native to south africa. since 1976, 18% of all live calves born have had nephromegaly and died within 2 weeks of birth. examination of kidney and liver from ten calves which had died or were sacrifices since 1978 revealed bilateral, symmetrical ... | 1982 | 7132060 |
| helminth and arthropod parasites of vaal ribbok, pelea capreolus, in the western cape province. | five vaal ribbok, culled in the bontebok national park during december 1979, were examined for helminth and arthropod parasites. ten nematode species, a louse and 2 tick species were recovered and there was also evidence of previous infestation by the larvae of 2 oestrid flies. the parasite burdens of the vaal ribbok are compared with those of sympatric bontebok and springbok culled at the same time. | 1982 | 7177592 |
| chromosomal evolution in gazelles. | the chromosomes of nine gazelle species and two other antilopinae species (antidorcas marsupialis and antilope cervicapra) were prepared from fibroblast cultures. g- and c-band karyotypes were constructed, and when possible, autosomal arms were numbered according to the cattle standard karyotype. diploid chromosome numbers ranged from 30 to 58. based on band similarity, chromosome-arm homoeologies were extensive, whereas shared homoeologous biarmed chromosomes were rare. therefore evolution in t ... | 1995 | 7608514 |
| surveillance and control of anthrax and rabies in wild herbivores and carnivores in namibia. | anthrax has been studied intensively in etosha national park, namibia since 1966; in addition, since 1975, mortality due to rabies and all other causes has been recorded, totalling 6,190 deaths. standard diagnostic procedures demonstrated that at least 811 deaths (13%) were due to anthrax and 115 deaths (2%) were caused by rabies. of the total number of deaths due to anthrax, 97% occurred in zebra (equus burchelli), elephant (loxodonta africana), wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and springbok ... | 1993 | 8518440 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: a simple method for species identification in food. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was applied to meat species identification in marinated and heat-treated or fermented products and to the differentiation of closely related species. dna was isolated from meat samples by using a dna-binding resin and was subjected to pcr analysis. primers used were complementary to conserved areas of the vertebrate mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene and yielded a 359 base-pair (bp) fragment, including a variable 307 bp region. restriction endonu ... | 1995 | 8664595 |
| the influence of stress on the adrenals of the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | the absolute and relative adrenal mass as well as histological sections of the adrenals of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) (n = 76; 36 ewes and 39 rams) were studied over a period of 12 months. no significant difference was found in the absolute mass of the adrenals of rams and ewes. however, a significant difference (p < 0.01) was found in the relative masses (adrenal mass in terms of carcass mass), in that relative masses in males were greater than females. the zona fasciculata was found to ... | 1995 | 8691417 |
| a pilot trial on the experimental infection of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) and eland (taurotragus oryx) with a goat strain of strongyloides papillosus. | | 1996 | 8765065 |
| parafilariosis in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). | this is the first report on the occurrence of parafilaria bassoni in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer). previously this parasite has been recorded only in springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) in namibia. haemorrhagic perforations (bleeding points), the usual lesions seen in infected animals, were caused by gravid female parasites ovipositing embryonated eggs. these lesions occurred mainly on the dorsal and lateral sides of buffaloes. complications of these lesions developed in a small number o ... | 1997 | 9467178 |
| anti-trypanosoma brucei activity of nonprimate zoo sera. | constitutive anti-trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei s 427 clone 1 and 22 activities were evaluated in sera from 22 species of nonprimate mammals. the sera fell into 5 categories. sera from cape buffalo, giraffe, and greater kudu showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of replication of the 2 clones of organisms, which was dependent on the presence of xanthine oxidase. sera from warthog and springbok also severely limited trypanosome replication but lacked xanthine oxidase. their antitrypanoso ... | 1999 | 10207362 |
| phylogenetic relationships in the bovid subfamily antilopinae based on mitochondrial dna sequences. | a molecular phylogeny of the subfamily antilopinae was determined using the two mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genes cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase iii. the tribe antilopini is monophyletic with antidorcas marsupialis and litocranius walleri basal to the large genus gazella. antilope cervicapra falls within gazella. this placement would either make gazella paraphyletic or require that the genus name gazella be changed to antilope. gazella thomsonii is supported as a subspecies of g. rufifrons. ... | 1999 | 10381312 |
| parasites of south african wildlife. xvi. helminths of some antelope species from the eastern and western cape provinces. | the numbers and species of helminths recovered from one black wildebeest, connochaetes gnou, three eland, taurotragus oryx, 18 mountain reedbuck, redunca fulvorufula, one red hartebeest, aicelaphus buselaphus and two springbok, antidorcas marsupialis, in the mountain zebra national park, eastern cape province; two black wildebeest, two grey rhebuck, pelea capreolus, two mountain reedbuck and four springbok in the karoo national park, western cape province; two bontebok, damaliscus pygargus dorca ... | 2000 | 10843320 |
| adaptive heterothermy and selective brain cooling in arid-zone mammals. | adaptive heterothermy and selective brain cooling are regarded as important thermal adaptations of large arid-zone mammals. adaptive heterothermy, a process which reduces evaporation by storing body heat, ought to be enhanced by ambient heat load and by water deficit, but most mammals studied fail to show at least one of those attributes. selective brain cooling, the reduction of brain temperature below arterial blood temperature, is most evident in artiodactyls, which possess a carotid rete, an ... | 2002 | 11923074 |
| parasites of south african wildlife. xvii. ostertagia triquetra n. sp. (nematoda: trichostrongylina) from the grey rhebuck, pelea capreolus (forster, 1790). | re-examination of teladorsagia hamata (mönnig, 1932) durette-desset, 1989 reported from grey rhebuck, pelea capreolus (forster, 1790) proved it to be a new species of ostertagi ransom, 1907. the new species, for which the name ostertagia triquetra n. sp. is proposed, differs from teladorsagia hamata in the configuration of the bursal rays (2-1-2 in the former, 2-2-1 in the latter), and in that the interno-dorsal branch of the spicules bears a process that is triangular and convex in the new spec ... | 2003 | 12825679 |
| erythrocyte survival studies in the mule deer, aoudad sheep, and springbok antelope, using glycine-2-c14. | | 1959 | 13812007 |
| postthaw evaluation of in vitro function of epididymal spermatozoa from four species of free-ranging african bovids. | an improved understanding of reproductive physiology in nondomestic bovids is necessary for the development of assisted reproductive technologies (arts) for use in the conservation of endangered bovids. in this study, epididymal spermatozoa were recovered from blesbok (damaliscus dorcas phillipsi), african buffalo (syncerus caffer), springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), and black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou) following organized culls in south africa. our objectives were 1) to characterize the qu ... | 2004 | 15151928 |
| molecular characterisation and ovine live vaccine 1b evaluation toward a chlamydophila abortus strain isolated from springbok antelope abortion. | chlamydiosis is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. the reservoir of susceptible hosts is large and includes birds and both domestic and wild mammals. chlamydial infection, determined serologically, seems to be widespread among wild ruminants in the paris zoo (france). in february 2003, an abortion case was reported within the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) herd of the zoo. pcr assay using primers targeting the polymorph membrane protein gene (pmp) family was performed on both vaginal ... | 2004 | 15504594 |
| successful sons or superior daughters: sex-ratio variation in springbok. | mothers would often benefit from producing more offspring of one sex than the other. although some species show an astonishing ability to skew their sex ratio adaptively, the trends found in many studies on vertebrates have proved inconsistent. furthermore, evidence for a mechanism by which such a bias is achieved is equivocal at best. here, we examine sex-ratio variation over 30 years, both at an individual and a population level, in the highly polygynous, size-dimorphic springbok (antidorcas m ... | 2005 | 15734691 |
| pcr-rflp analysis: a promising technique for host species identification of blood meals from tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae). | a polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method using universal primers complementary to the conserved region of the cytochrome b gene (cyt b) of the mitochondrion dna (mtdna) of vertebrates was applied to the identification of the origin of blood meals in tsetse flies. blood samples from ten potential tsetse hosts of the family bovidae (cattle, water buffalo, red buffalo, waterbuck, springbok, goat, sheep, sable antelope, oryx and dik-dik) were in ... | 2005 | 15999278 |
| a year in the thermal life of a free-ranging herd of springbok antidorcas marsupialis. | we used miniature data loggers implanted in the abdominal cavity to measure core body temperatures at 30 min intervals in eight (three males, five females) adult free-ranging springbok antidorcas marsupialis in their natural habitat, over a period of 11-13 months. the animals were subjected to a nychthemeral range of air temperature that often exceeded 20 degrees c, with an absolute minimum temperature of -6 degrees c and a maximum of 34 degrees c. abdominal temperature exhibited a low amplitude ... | 2005 | 16043590 |
| detection of novel gammaherpesviruses in wild animals of south africa. | herpesviral dna was detected in 24/261 dna samples that were extracted from whole blood of 13 wild animal species in south africa. herpesviral dna was shown in 22 impalas (aepyceros melampus) and 2 springboks (antidorcas marsupialis). all of dna sequences detected in impalas were identical, whereas two dna sequences detected in springboks were different each other. these three sequences showed 44 to 72% homology to the corresponding gene of the gammaherpesvirinae, indicating that these three vir ... | 2005 | 16327234 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xlvi. oestrid fly larvae of sheep, goats, springbok and black wildebeest in the eastern cape province. | merino sheep in thornveld, dorper sheep and angora goats in inland valley bushveld, angora goats and boer goats in valley bushveld on the coastal plateau, and springbok, antidorcas marsupialis, and black wildebeest, connochaetes gnou, in karroid mountainveld, all in the eastern cape province, were examined for the larvae of nasal bot flies. the sheep and goats were infested with the larvae of oestrus ovis, and dorper sheep and boer goats harboured more larvae than angora goats on the same farms. ... | 2005 | 16562735 |
| are there preconceptional determinants of mammalian sex? a response to boklage (2005). | boklage (2005, hum reprod 20,583-587) wrote: 'changes in, or mediated by, the epigenetic environment of embryogenesis provide the most plausible prospects for causes of changes in secondary sex ratio'. without impugning this notion, i suggest here that other causes of variation in secondary sex ratio antedate fertilization or, in other words, that there are circumstances under which unequal numbers of male and female zygotes are formed. it will be documented here that this suggestion has repeate ... | 2006 | 16772280 |
| body temperature, thermoregulatory behaviour and pelt characteristics of three colour morphs of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | using intra-abdominal miniature data loggers, we measured core body temperature in female springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) of three colour morphs (black, normal and white), free-living in the karoo, south africa, for one year. during winter, white springbok displayed lower daily minimum body temperatures (37.4+/-0.5 degrees c), than both black (38.1+/-0.3 degrees c) and normal (38.0+/-0.6 degrees c) springbok. during spring, black springbok displayed higher daily maximum body temperatures (40. ... | 2009 | 19056508 |
| variation in faecal water content may confound estimates of gastro-intestinal parasite intensity in wild african herbivores. | estimates of parasite intensity within host populations are essential for many studies of host-parasite relationships. here we evaluated the seasonal, age- and sex-related variability in faecal water content for two wild ungulate species, springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) and plains zebra (equus quagga). we then assessed whether or not faecal water content biased conclusions regarding differences in strongyle infection rates by season, age or sex. there was evidence of significant variation in ... | 2010 | 19627626 |
| the glycosylation pattern of secretory granules in binucleate trophoblast cells is highly conserved in ruminants. | the binucleate trophoblast cells (bncs) in the ruminant placenta are a unique feature of this taxon. these cells produce several secretory proteins and transfer these across the fetomaternal barrier into the dam. we used lectin histochemistry with a panel of 24 lectins to characterise the glycosylation pattern of bnc secretory granules in a variety of ruminants. seven species out of three ruminant families were thus investigated: greater malayan chevrotain (tragulidae); fallow deer, red deer, ch ... | 2010 | 19959226 |
| seasonal and demographic factors influencing gastrointestinal parasitism in ungulates of etosha national park. | host-parasite dynamics can be strongly affected by seasonality and age-related host immune responses. we investigated how observed variation in the prevalence and intensity of parasite egg or oocyst shedding in four co-occurring ungulate species may reflect underlying seasonal variation in transmission and host immunity. this study was conducted july 2005-october 2006 in etosha national park, namibia, using indices of parasitism recorded from 1,022 fecal samples collected from plains zebra (equu ... | 2010 | 20966262 |
| physico-chemical, microbiological, textural and sensory attributes of matured game salami produced from springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), gemsbok (oryx gazella), kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros) and zebra (equus burchelli) harvested in namibia. | differences and consumer acceptability of matured salami produced from game species were evaluated. the ph of the salami differed (p < 0.05) with springbok salami having the highest mean ph value. no differences (p > 0.05) were observed among the species for a(w), shear force, gumminess or cohesiveness. microbiological counts of the game salami differed for coliform (p < 0.05) but not for e. coli (p > 0.05) counts. the most distinctive characteristics observed by the quantitative descriptive ana ... | 2010 | 21185658 |
| the pathology of tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in a herd of semi-free-ranging springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | the first detailed description of the pathology of tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, in springbok is reported. the springbok were part of a semi-free-ranging herd kept on the grounds of ithemba laboratory for accelerator based science (labs) in the kuils river district of the western cape province, south africa. mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from three animals out of a total of 33 sampled, with two animals showing tuberculosis lesions. the index case was an adult ewe ... | 2009 | 21344792 |
| characterization of epididymal spermatozoa motility rate, morphology and longevity of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), impala (aepyceros melampus) and blesbok (damaliscus dorcus phillipsi): pre- and post-cryopreservation in south africa. | cryopreservation of antelope epididymal spermatozoa could play a vital role in future breeding by developing a successful protocol for cryo-conserving them. the aim of this study was to characterize morphology, motility rates and longevity of epididymal spermatozoa from springbok, impala and blesbok. cauda epididymal spermatozoa were collected post-mortem from both testicles of free-ranging springbok (n=18), impala (n=21) and blesbok (n=21), and divided into two groups (pre- and post-cryopreserv ... | 2011 | 21640527 |
| Possible thermoregulatory functions of the internal vertebral venous plexus in man and various other mammals: Evidence from comparative anatomical studies. | Comparative anatomy was used to collect more evidence for a thermoregulatory function of the internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP). The venous connections of the IVVP were studied and compared in various mammals in order to find evidence for the existence of climate related anatomical adaptations. Humans and vervet monkeys were chosen as representatives of mammals living in moderate climates, the IVVP of the dolphin was studied because this animal is always surrounded by cold water. The spring ... | 2011 | 21913229 |
| meat quality characteristics of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). 2: chemical composition of springbok meat as influenced by age, gender and production region. | the effects of age, gender and production region on the chemical, mineral and amino acid composition of the m. longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of springbok were investigated. there was a significant gender(*)region interaction for protein content - for the four production regions it varied between 18.80 and 21.16g/100g. the intramuscular fat (imf) content of the ld muscle varied between 1.32 and 3.46g/100g. females (3.13±0.28g/100g) had a higher (p<0.05) fat content than males (1.35±0.08g/100g). t ... | 2007 | 22061255 |
| production of salami from beef, horse, mutton, blesbok (damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) and springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) with bacteriocinogenic strains of lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus curvatus. | lactobacillus plantarum 423, producer of bacteriocin 423, lactobacillus curvatus df38, producer of curvacin df38, and a bacteriocin-negative mutant of l. plantarum 423 (423m) were evaluated as starter cultures in the production of salami from beef, horse, mutton, blesbok (damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) and springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). growth of l. plantarum 423 and l. curvatus df38 was best supported in blesbok salami, as revealed by the highest growth rate during sweating, cold smoking and ... | 2007 | 22061794 |
| the yield and nutritional value of meat from african ungulates, camelidae, rodents, ratites and reptiles. | the current knowledge of the yield and nutritional (proximate and fatty acid) composition of meat derived from african ungulates, camelidae, rodents, ratites and reptiles is reviewed. although most of the species discussed give low cholesterol levels consistent with their low meat lipid contents, the tegu lizard gives a very low level (18.2mg/100g tissue). the fatty acid profiles of the various species all have low saturated fatty acids and high polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in favourabl ... | 2008 | 22063174 |
| seasonal patterns of hormones, macroparasites, and microparasites in wild african ungulates: the interplay among stress, reproduction, and disease. | sex hormones, reproductive status, and pathogen load all affect stress. together with stress, these factors can modulate the immune system and affect disease incidence. thus, it is important to concurrently measure these factors, along with their seasonal fluctuations, to better understand their complex interactions. using steroid hormone metabolites from fecal samples, we examined seasonal correlations among zebra and springbok stress, reproduction, gastrointestinal (gi) parasite infections, an ... | 2015 | 25875647 |
| where is the game? wild meat products authentication in south africa: a case study. | wild animals' meat is extensively consumed in south africa, being obtained either from ranching, farming or hunting. to test the authenticity of the commercial labels of meat products in the local market, we obtained dna sequence information from 146 samples (14 beef and 132 game labels) for barcoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit i and partial cytochrome b and mitochondrial fragments. the reliability of species assignments were evaluated using blast searches in genbank, maximum likelihood phylog ... | 2013 | 23452350 |
| data on phylogenetic analyses of gazelles (genus gazella) based on mitochondrial and nuclear intron markers. | the data provided is related to the article "phylogenetic analyses of gazelles reveal repeated transitions of key ecological traits and provide novel insights into the origin of the genus gazella" [1]. the data is based on 48 tissue samples of all nine extant species of the genus gazella, namely gazella gazella, gazella arabica, gazella bennettii, gazella cuvieri, gazella dorcas, gazella leptoceros, gazella marica, gazella spekei, and gazella subgutturosa and four related taxa (saiga tatarica, a ... | 2016 | 27054158 |
| frequent and seasonally variable sublethal anthrax infections are accompanied by short-lived immunity in an endemic system. | few studies have examined host-pathogen interactions in wildlife from an immunological perspective, particularly in the context of seasonal and longitudinal dynamics. in addition, though most ecological immunology studies employ serological antibody assays, endpoint titre determination is usually based on subjective criteria and needs to be made more objective. despite the fact that anthrax is an ancient and emerging zoonotic infectious disease found world-wide, its natural ecology is not well u ... | 2014 | 24499424 |
| co-infection of an animal with more than one genotype can occur in anthrax. | during the routine fingerprinting of outbreak strains of bacillus anthracis of european and african origin by means of a 31-marker multi-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva), four cultures, two from the etosha national park (enp), namibia, and two from an outbreak in the pyrenees in 1997, were found to harbour different genotypes (gts). to investigate this further, isolates from 10 samples of blood-soaked soil from beneath anthrax carcasses and 18 clinical swabs taken from car ... | 2013 | 23937393 |
| microbiological quality and potential public health risks of export meat from springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) in namibia. | to assess the microbiological quality and safety of export game meat; i) a total of 80 pooled meat samples for aerobic plate count (apc) and enterobacteriaceae ii) water used in harvesting and processing for microbiological quality and iii) meat and rectal contents for salmonella spp. and shiga toxin escherichia coli (stec) were evaluated in 2009 and 2010. no differences (p>0.05) in the apcs were observed between the years, but the mean enterobacteriaceae count for 2009 was 1.33 ± 0.69 log(10)cf ... | 2013 | 22944735 |
| rift valley fever virus among wild ruminants, etosha national park, namibia, 2011. | after a may 2011 outbreak of rift valley fever among livestock northeast of etosha national park, namibia, wild ruminants in the park were tested for the virus. antibodies were detected in springbok, wildebeest, and black-faced impala, and viral rna was detected in springbok. seroprevalence was high, and immune response was long lasting. | 2016 | 26692385 |
| the conflict between cheetahs and humans on namibian farmland elucidated by stable isotope diet analysis. | large areas of namibia are covered by farmland, which is also used by game and predator species. because it can cause conflicts with farmers when predators, such as cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), hunt livestock, we assessed whether livestock constitutes a significant part of the cheetah diet by analysing the stable isotope composition of blood and tissue samples of cheetahs and their potential prey species. according to isotopic similarities, we defined three isotopic categories of potential prey: ... | 2014 | 25162403 |
| sperm-egg interaction and functional assessment of springbok, impala and blesbok cauda epididymal spermatozoa using a domestic cattle in vitro fertilization system. | the study assesses the possibility to estimate the potential fertility of post-thawed antelope (antidorcas marsupialis), impala (aepyceros melampus) and blesbok (damaliscus dorcus phillipsi) epididymal sperm using homologous and heterologous ivf and the functioning of cattle ivf system to produce antelope embryos. cauda epididymal sperm were collected from the antelope and cryopreserved under field conditions. in vitro matured domestic cow, blesbok and springbok oocytes were co-incubated in modi ... | 2013 | 24284137 |
| computer assisted sperm analysis of motility patterns of postthawed epididymal spermatozoa of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), impala (aepyceros melampus), and blesbok (damaliscus dorcus phillipsi) incubated under conditions supporting domestic cattle in vitro fertilization. | the need for information on the reproductive physiology of different wildlife species is important for ex situ conservation using such methods as in vitro fertilization (ivf). information on species reproductive physiology and evaluation of sperm quality using accurate, objective, repeatable methods, such as computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) for ex situ conservation has become a priority. the aim of this study was to evaluate motility patterns of antelope epididymal spermatozoa incubated f ... | 2012 | 22541326 |
| investigating the contributing factors to postmortem ph changes in springbok, eland, red hartebeest and kudu edible offal. | the objective of the study was to assess ph measurements between offal organs of different species and the association between ph taken 4 h post-slaughter and different predictor variables in the liver and lungs. a linear regression analysis was conducted on selected variables to identify the main predictors and their interactions affecting the ph of meat 4 h post-slaughter. in an increasing order of magnitude during winter, the ph achieved at 16 h - 36 h post-slaughter in springbok heart, liver ... | 2013 | 23718196 |
| microchip transponder thermometry for monitoring core body temperature of antelope during capture. | hyperthermia is described as the major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with capture, immobilization and restraint of wild animals. therefore, accurately determining the core body temperature of wild animals during capture is crucial for monitoring hyperthermia and the efficacy of cooling procedures. we investigated if microchip thermometry can accurately reflect core body temperature changes during capture and cooling interventions in the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), a medium- ... | 2016 | 26724197 |
| the changes in springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris muscles during the rigour period. | this study describes the changes taking place during rigour in springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) and biceps femoris (bf) muscles. samples from six male and six female springbok were snap-frozen at 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24 and 30h post-mortem (pm) and the ph, calpains i, ii and calpastatin activities and cathepsins b, bl and h activities were determined. the temperature was also recorded. significant third-order interactions were found for the ph and temperat ... | 2016 | 26497102 |
| the physical and biochemical changes in springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris muscle during ageing. | this study aimed to determine the optimum ageing period for vacuum-packed springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) and biceps femoris (bf) muscle stored at 5.4 ± 1.0°c. portions of muscle from seven male and six female springbok were aged 1, 2, 5, 8, 14 or 21 days. the warner bratzler shear force declined most during the first five days post-mortem (pm), while purge and cooking losses increased significantly with ageing. calpains i and ii and calpastatin activity ... | 2015 | 26225930 |
| changes in springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle during conditioning as assessed by a trained sensory panel. | this study aimed to determine the effect of ageing in vacuum bags at 5.4±0.60°c on the sensory quality of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) muscle. four randomly assigned portions of muscle from six male and six female mature springbok were aged for 1, 3, 8 or 28days, after which they were blast frozen. assessment by a trained sensory panel found a significant increase in gamey, metallic, liver-like, sour/aged and off/manure attributes and a decline in bee ... | 2015 | 26001277 |
| individual variation of isotopic niches in grazing and browsing desert ungulates. | ungulates often adjust their diet when food availability varies over time. however, it is poorly understood when and to what extent individuals change their diet and, if they do so, if all individuals of a population occupy distinct or similar dietary niches. in the arid namibian kunene region, we studied temporal variations of individual niches in grazing gemsbok (oryx gazella gazella) and predominantly browsing springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). we used variation in stable c and n isotope rat ... | 2015 | 25953117 |
| the arterial circle of the brain, its branches and connections in selected representatives of the antilopinae. | the arterial circle of the brain, that is, the circle of willis, and its branches in ruminants have been chiefly described in farm animals and only in selected wild species. in view of the deficit of information about this vascular region in numerous other species of the ruminantia, the arteries of the encephalic base were analyzed in five antelope species representing different genera of the bovidae, antilopinae. specimens of the following species were examined: springbuck (antidorcas marsupial ... | 2015 | 25694115 |
| effect of rooibos extract (aspalathus linearis) on lipid oxidation over time and the sensory analysis of blesbok (damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) and springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) droëwors. | the study objective was to investigate the addition of rooibos extract (rbe) in blesbok and springbok droëwors, a dried meat sausage with added beef fat, to improve oxidative stability. after a storage period of two weeks, inhibition of lipid oxidation showed to be successful with rbe 1.0% addition. no differences (p>0.05) in heme-iron results within the raw, dried or stored samples were seen. however, a positive correlation between lipid oxidation and heme-iron was noted. the fatty acid profile ... | 2015 | 25617707 |
| polycystic kidneys and gm2 gangliosidosis-like disease in neonatal springboks (antidorcas marsupialis). | clinical, gross, histopathologic, electron microscopic findings and enzymatic analysis of 4 captive, juvenile springboks (antidorcas marsupialis) showing both polycystic kidneys and a storage disease are described. springbok offspring (4 of 34; 12%) were affected by either one or both disorders in a german zoo within a period of 5 years (2008-2013). macroscopic findings included bilaterally severely enlarged kidneys displaying numerous cysts in 4 animals and superior brachygnathism in 2 animals. ... | 2015 | 25232033 |
| evaluation of a commercial bovine colostrum replacer for achieving passive transfer of immunity in springbok calves (antidorcas marsupialis). | failure of passive transfer (fpt) occurs in ruminant species when there is inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins from the colostrum. in zoologic establishments, fpt can be a common occurrence in hand-raised ruminant neonates fed insufficient amounts of colostrum replacer (cr) and/or poor-quality cr. the goals of this study were to investigate the efficacy of a commercial bovine cr at achieving adequate passive transfer of immunity and evaluate tests to assess fpt in nondomestic ruminant speci ... | 2013 | 24063080 |
| dietary plasticity of generalist and specialist ungulates in the namibian desert: a stable isotopes approach. | desert ungulates live in adverse ecosystems that are particularly sensitive to degradation and global climate change. here, we asked how two ungulate species with contrasting feeding habits, grazing gemsbok (oryx g. gazella) and browsing springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), respond to an increase in food availability during a pronounced rain period. we used a stable isotope approach to delineate the feeding habits of these two ungulates in the arid kunene region of namibia. our nineteen months fi ... | 2013 | 23977249 |
| surgical management of a cervical thymoma in a springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | | 2013 | 23895291 |
| preliminary evaluation of selected minerals in liver samples from springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) from the national zoological gardens of south africa. | limited information is available on the mineral nutrition of captive antelope in south africa. zoo animals are usually offered a very limited array of feeds, which may result in nutritional imbalances. as a pilot study to investigate the presence of myopathy in antelope at the national zoological gardens of south africa (nzg), stored liver samples from six springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) and seven other antelopes from the nzg, as well as selected food items, were submitted for analysis of sel ... | 2012 | 23327132 |
| high oxidative capacity and type iix fibre content in springbok and fallow deer skeletal muscle suggest fast sprinters with a resistance to fatigue. | some wild antelopes are fast sprinters and more resistant to fatigue than others. this study therefore investigated two wild antelope species to better understand their reported performance capability. muscle samples collected post mortem from the vastus lateralis and longissimus lumborum of fallow deer (dama dama) and springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) were analysed for myosin heavy chain isoform content, citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl coa dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogen ... | 2012 | 22899533 |
| reproductive seasonality in captive wild ruminants: implications for biogeographical adaptation, photoperiodic control, and life history. | many ruminant species show seasonal patterns of reproduction. causes for this are widely debated, and include adaptations to seasonal availability of resources (with cues either from body condition in more tropical, or from photoperiodism in higher latitude habitats) and/or defence strategies against predators. conclusions so far are limited to datasets with less than 30 species. here, we use a dataset on 110 wild ruminant species kept in captivity in temperate-zone zoos to describe their reprod ... | 2012 | 22780447 |
| brucellae through the food chain: the role of sheep, goats and springbok (antidorcus marsupialis) as sources of human infections in namibia. | a confirmed case of human brucellosis motivated an investigation into the potential source of infection in namibia. since domestic animals are principal sources of brucella infection in humans, 1692 serum samples were screened from sheep, goats and cattle from 4 presumably at-risk farms and 900 springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) serum samples from 29 mixed farming units for brucella antibodies by the rose-bengal test (rbt) and positive cases confirmed by complement fixation test (cft). to assess ... | 2011 | 22616433 |
| synergistic effects of seasonal rainfall, parasites and demography on fluctuations in springbok body condition. | 1. seasonality of rainfall can exert a strong influence on animal condition and on host-parasite interactions. the body condition of ruminants fluctuates seasonally in response to changes in energy requirements, foraging patterns and resource availability, and seasonal variation in parasite infections may further alter ruminant body condition. 2. this study disentangles the effects of rainfall and gastrointestinal parasite infections on springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) body condition and deter ... | 2012 | 21831195 |
| lysosomal storage disease in two presumed-related springboks (antidorcas marsupialis). | in april 2007, two newborn springboks (antidorcas marsupialis) from a zoo of southern france were found dead. necropsy was performed on the two animals and revealed arthrogryposis, mild facial structural abnormalities, and bilateral enlargement of the kidneys with concurrent hydronephrosis in both newborns. histopathologically, extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons in the central nervous system, thyroid follicular epithelium, renal tubular epithelium, enterocytes, hepatocytes, and ruminal ... | 2010 | 20722261 |
| spatial organization and spatial distribution of activities within home ranges in a springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) captive population. | we studied over 1 year the spatial organization and the spatial distribution of activities in a captive springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) population living in an 18-ha enclosure located in southern france. throughout the study period, the two adult males occupied fairly exclusive home ranges, in the overlapping part of which the three subadult males were restricted. the spatial and temporal distribution of aggressive, marking, and avoidance behavior of males showed that the two adults were terr ... | 2008 | 19360601 |
| meat quality characteristics of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). 4: sensory meat evaluation as influenced by age, gender and production region. | the effects of age, gender and production region on the sensory characteristics of springbok m. longissimus dorsi (ld) were investigated in 19 springbok, which originated from two nature reserves in the free state province of south africa and were divided into age (adult, sub-adult) and gender categories. the sensory characteristics evaluated were game meat aroma, juiciness, residual tissue, tenderness and game meat flavour. age, gender and production region had an effect (p<0.05) on different s ... | 2007 | 22061257 |
| meat quality characteristics of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). 3: fatty acid composition as influenced by age, gender and production region. | the effects of age, gender and production region on the fatty acid composition of springbok musculus longissimus dorsi (ld) were investigated. the major fatty acid of the ld muscle was stearic acid (c18:0), which contributed 23.92-27.02%. oleic acid (c18:1) represented the largest component (16.33-20.45%) of the mono-unsaturated fatty acids (mufa). the major n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) was c18:2n-6, which formed 18.77-21.62%, whereas c18:3n-3 (3.33-4.00%) was the most abundant n-3 pufa ... | 2007 | 22061256 |
| meat quality characteristics of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). 1: physical meat attributes as influenced by age, gender and production region. | springbok is the most extensively cropped game species in south africa. the effects of age (adult, sub-adult, lamb), gender and production region on the physical attributes (ph(24), cooking and drip loss, warner bratzler shear force and colour) were determined using samples of the m. longissimus dorsi (ld) muscles of 166 springbok. stressed animals had a higher (p<0.05) ph(24) (6.3±0.07), as observed in the meat originating from the caledon region. this meat had lower (p<0.05) cooking loss (27.2 ... | 2007 | 22061254 |
| milk composition of free-ranging springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | milk was obtained from three free-ranging springbok ewes of the karoo, south africa. the nutrient content was 74.4+/-13.8 g protein; 145.2+/-4.5 g fat; and 42.3+/-16.4 g lactose/kg milk. small amounts of glucose, galactose and fucose were noted, and 0.3+/-0.4 g oligosaccharides. the protein fraction respectively consisted of 60.0+/-13.7 g caseins/kg milk and of 14.1+/-4.5 g whey proteins/kg milk. the lactation stage of the springbok ewes was not known, but variation in milk composition among ind ... | 2007 | 17257875 |
| effect of ram introduction on the oestrous cycle of springbok ewes (antidorcas marsupialis). | springbok are aseasonally breeding wild ungulates that inhabit arid environments, and interest has been shown in domesticating them for agricultural purposes. the present study was conducted for husbandry purposes to determine the effect of introducing a vasectomized ram to an isolated herd of springbok ewes (n = 9). blood was collected from ewes every third day, before and after introduction of a vasectomized ram. ewes were subjected to the ram for 42 days. plasma progesterone was measured by r ... | 2002 | 12361469 |
| annual ovarian cycles in an aseasonal breeder, the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | the springbok is an arid-adapted antelope inhabiting the desert and semidesert regions of southern africa. because it thrives in these sparsely vegetated areas, the springbok is of potential agricultural importance and the prospect of domestication has been speculated for many years. however, apart from observational studies on its breeding in the wild, suggesting it is an aseasonal breeder, little is known about the underlying reproductive endocrinology of this species. in this study, biweekly ... | 2001 | 11259265 |
| distribution and morphology of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone neurones in a species of wild antelope, the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | the distribution and morphology of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) neurones varies between species. the primary purpose of this study was to characterize the distribution and morphology of the lhrh system in a species of antelope, the springbok. this wild antelope has a well-defined social structure in which reproductive activity is confined to a few dominant, territorial rams. we also sought to determine whether social or reproductive status could be accounted for by differences in ... | 1997 | 9414005 |
| activity, blood temperature and brain temperature of free-ranging springbok. | we used miniature data loggers to record temperature and activity in free-ranging springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) naturally exposed to severe nocturnal cold and moderate diurnal heat. the animals were active throughout the day and night, with short rests; the intensity of activity increased during daylight. arterial blood temperature, averaged over many days, exhibited a circadian rhythm with amplitude < 1 degree c, but with a wide range which resulted from sporadic rapid deviations of body t ... | 1997 | 9265746 |
| influence of aging treatment on the bacterial quality of south african springbok (antidorcas marsupialis marsupialis) wholesale cuts. | the left sides of 20 springbok carcasses were aged with the skin on (treatment 1), while the right sides were aged without the skin (treatment 2). another 20 carcasses were skinned, halved and cut into wholesale cuts. the loin and leg cuts from the right sides were deboned before vacuum packaging (treatment 3), while the loin and leg cuts from the left sides were vacuum packed with the bone in (treatment 4). all the carcass sides (36 h post mortem) and vacuum packed cuts (36 h post mortem) were ... | 1997 | 9217114 |
| ovarian morphology of the springbok, antidorcas marsupialis. | the ovarian morphology of the springbok is described, using material of 1 290 ewes collected at the de beers farm, benfontein. a deep longitudinal recess in foetal ovaries. the right ovary was slightly larger than the left ovary according to its linear and mass measurements. considerable distortion of the amygdaloidal ovarian shape occurred in the presence of a protruding corpus luteum. ovaries were much flattened during advanced pregnancy. a description of the appearance of intra-ovarian corpor ... | 1983 | 6631898 |
| the anatomy of the female reproductive tract of the springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). | the anatomy of the female reproductive tract of the springbok is described, using material of 25 ewes collected at the s.a. lombard nature reserve and 300 ewes collected at the de beers farm benfontein. no difference in the length of left and right fallopian tubes (104 +/- 24 mm) was observed, and from the funnel to the isthmus it narrows considerably from 15 mm to 1,25 mm. a distinct flexure is formed by the utero-tubal juncture. a complete ovarian bursa with a ventral orifice occurs. the repro ... | 1981 | 7265097 |
| a bilaterally cryptorchid springbok ram, antidorcas marsupialis marsupialis. | | 1971 | 4398218 |
| a revised phylogeny of antilopini (bovidae, artiodactyla) using combined mitochondrial and nuclear genes. | antilopini (gazelles and their allies) are one of the most diverse but phylogenetically controversial groups of bovids. here we provide a molecular phylogeny of this poorly understood taxon using combined analyses of mitochondrial (cytb, coiii, 12s, 16s) and nuclear (kcas, sptbn1, prkci, mc1r, thyr) genes. we explore the influence of data partitioning and different analytical methods, including bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony, on the inferred relationships within ant ... | 2013 | 23485920 |
| buffalo, bush meat, and the zoonotic threat of brucellosis in botswana. | brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance infecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. little is known about the epidemiology and persistence of brucellosis in wildlife in southern africa, particularly in botswana. | 2012 | 22412932 |
| host-parasite list updating of ciliates and fermentation in the digestive tract of wild miscellaneous herbivores in south africa (rsa). | this article is dedicated to the author, burk dehority, who became very ill with cancer. fortunately he confirmed or corrected all identifications on ciliates in this article. this paper was 80% finished when he became ill. he unfortunately passed away in february 2016. | 2017 | 28609902 |
| sensory quality and fatty acid content of springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) meat: influence of farm location and sex. | springbok are harvested for meat production irrespective of farm location or sex from which the meat is derived. the present study investigated the influence of farm location (three farms containing different vegetation types) and sex on the sensory quality of springbok longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. the sensory profile (aroma, flavour and texture) was determined by descriptive sensory analysis, in addition to determination of the physical meat quality, proximate and fatty acid composi ... | 2017 | 29034984 |
| food adulteration in switzerland: from 'ravioli' over 'springbok' to 'disco sushi'. | the driving force behind food adulteration is monetary profit and this has remained unchanged for at least the last hundred years. food adulterations were and still are difficult to uncover because they occur mostly in an unpredictable and unexpected way. very often food falsifiers take advantage of modern technology in such a way that food adulterations are difficult or sometimes even impossible to detect. targets for food adulteration were and still are highly priced food items such as spirits ... | 2016 | 27198810 |
| lymphatic path of the inguinal lymph node metastases in anorectal cancer: the springbok pattern: reply. | | 2016 | 26825215 |
| re: lymphatic path of the inguinal lymph node metastases in anorectal cancer: the springbok pattern. | | 2016 | 26825199 |
| lymphatic path of the inguinal lymph node metastases in anorectal cancer: the springbok pattern. | sentinel lymph node biopsy has been established as a feasible and effective method for defining the inguinal node status in patients with anal adenocarcinoma exceeding the dentate line. we present the axial lymphoscintigraphic image that depicts thoroughly the injection site around the anus, the lymphatic path, and the inguinal sentinel lymph nodes, bilaterally. the distinct springbok pattern was named after the unique horn shape of the african gazelle. this image puts on the map the anoinguinal ... | 2015 | 26252331 |
| physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of biltong, a traditional salted dried meat of south africa. | the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of several commercial beef, kudu and springbok biltong samples from south africa were assessed in this study. analysis of samples allowed their differentiation into 'dry' and 'moist' samples. dry biltong showed low moisture content (21.5-25.3 g/100 g), a low water activity (0.65-0.68) and a high salt content (5.5-7.9 g/100 g), while moist biltong showed a higher moisture content (35.1-42.8 g/100 g), a higher water activity (0.85 to 0.89) an ... | 2014 | 24334054 |
| home range plus: a space-time characterization of movement over real landscapes. | advances in gps technology have created both opportunities in ecology as well as a need for analytical tools that can deal with the growing volume of data and ancillary variables associated with each location. | 2013 | 25709816 |
| sensitivity of erythemally effective uv irradiance and daily exposure to uncertainties in measured total ozone. | in this study the sensitivity of the erythemally effective radiation to uncertainties in operationally measured total ozone content of the atmosphere (toc) was estimated. for this, daily operational toc measurements from different instruments were applied covering the period from 1997 to 1999. measurements were gained from space by earth probe satellite, earth remote sensing satellite/global ozone monitoring experiment and operational vertical sounder and from the ground by dobson and brewer spe ... | 2013 | 17115799 |
| hematologic and serum chemical effects of a ketamine/xylazine combination when used for immobilizing springbok. | a ketamine hydrochloride/xylazine combination was found effective for immobilizing springbok. following intramuscular injection by hand, the onset of immobilization ranged from 3 to 10 minutes and duration of immobilization ranged from 1 hour to 2 hours 20 minutes. hematologic and serum chemical values before and after immobilization were compared. serum alanine transaminase and serum glucose values were significantly higher after immobilization, whereas serum potassium was significantly lower. | 1983 | 6643239 |
| an alternative to the service 'too young to benefit from lessons in its own history'. | the government's green paper on the elderly suggests the possibility of nhs nursing homes. is this really a good idea? author looks back over the history of springbok house, one of four experimental rest homes for the infirm elderly run by the national corporation for the care of old people in the fifties and the early sixties, and suggests that this might provide some answers. | 1978 | 10297571 |
| chromosome studies in some deer, the springbok, and the pronghorn, with notes on placentation in deer. | | 1967 | 5594482 |