| oxygen-binding properties of bat hemoglobins. | the functional properties of hemolysates from the bats rhinolophus ferrumequinum, miniopterus schreibersi and pipistrellus pipistrellus were studied at 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c over the ph range 7.0-7.4. the concentrations of 2,3-dpg and their effect on hemoglobin o2 affinity were also studied under the same conditions. at ph 7.4 and 37 degrees c hemoglobin o2 affinity was higher than in similarly-sized non-flying, normothermic mammals. the bohr effect values in the three bat species were s ... | 1991 | 1713490 |
| morphometric study of ventricular myocardial cells in the bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus), hamster (mesocricetus auratus) and wistar rat. | a comparative morphometric study of ventricular myocardial cells of the west african insect-eating the pipistrellus pipistrellus, the hamster and the rat revealed significant differences in volume fractions of mitochondria myofibrils, lipid bodies and t tubules. in the cells of the bat, mitochondria constitute 35% of cytoplasmic volume compared with 29 and 30% in the hamster and rat, respectively. notably, crista density is much higher in the bat cells (3.58 x 10(5) cm-1) than in those of the ha ... | 1991 | 1746237 |
| helminth parasites in some spanish bats. | nineteen bats of the species rhinolophus ferrumequinum, r. hipposideros, myotis myotis, m. nattereri, pipistrellus pipistrellus, barbastella barbastellus, eptesicus serotinus and plecotus auritus captured in n. w. spain in 1983-85 were found to contain the following helminth parasites: mesotretes peregrinus (found in 4 host species and making up 31% of all helminths); plagiorchis vespertilionis (10.5%, in 2 host species); strongylacantha glycirrhiza, molinostrongylus alatus, molineidae gen. sp., ... | 1991 | 1822047 |
| hematological data and hemoglobin components in bats (vespertilionidae). | 1. statistically significant variations were observed in the rbc counts and hb concentration in pregnant females of pipistrellus pipistrellus. 2. basic hematological values in 59 animals of five species of insectivorous bats were estimated. 3. electrophoretic separation of the hemoglobins of plecotus austriacus, myotis nattereri and myotis myotis showed two components, whereas in miniopterus schreibersi and pipistrellus pipistrellus appeared three and four components, respectively. | 1987 | 2892619 |
| schizotrypanum in british bats. | two species of schizotrypanum, t. (s.) dionisii and t. (s.) vespertilionis, were identified from british bats. laboratory studies on stocks of isolated trypanosomes from 5 species of bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus, nyctalus leisleri, n. noctula, eptesicus serotinus and myotis brandti) indicated that the predominant species was t. d. dionisii. collections and dissection of the bat bug cimex pipistrelli from bat roosts revealed flagellate infection in a total of 12 out of 20 bugs; 7 of these bugs ... | 1988 | 3174237 |
| trypanosoma (megatrypanum) incertum from pipistrellus pipistrellus: development and transmission by cimicid bugs. | trypanosoma (megatrypanum) incertum pittaluga 1905 was found in 33 out of 206 pipistrellus pipistrellus caught at various sites in britain. the trypanosome is described from blood smears. development took place in laboratory-reared cimex pipistrelli and cimex lectularius. epimastigote forms initially multiplied rapidly in the ventriculus and midgut of cimex. metacyclic trypanosomes were found in the rectum of both species of cimex after 8 days when bugs were maintained at 20 degrees c and as ear ... | 1988 | 3405632 |
| a golgi study of the sixth layer of the cerebral cortex. i. the lissencephalic brain of rodentia, lagomorpha, insectivora and chiroptera. | a study of the morphological characteristics of the neurons in layer vi of the cerebral cortex was carried out using the rapid golgi method in several lissencephalic species including rodentia (rat, mouse, vole (microtus agrestis) and hamster), lagomorpha (rabbit), insectivora (hedgehog) and in the chiroptera the dwarf bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus). there was a basic uniformity in the structure of the sixth layer. main neuronal types in lamina via were large pyramidal neurons, triangular or at ... | 1986 | 3429306 |
| babesia vesperuginis: natural and experimental infections in british bats (microchiroptera). | babesia vesperuginis is described from blood of two species of british bat: pipistrellus pipistrellus and myotis mystacinus. reticulocytes appeared significantly elevated in blood films of p. pipistrellus infected with b. vesperuginis compared with uninfected laboratory-maintained bats or apparently uninfected wild-caught bats. infected captive bats had significantly enlarged spleens. b. vesperuginis was transmitted by inoculation of infected blood to 5 uninfected captive p. pipistrellus. the co ... | 1987 | 3696774 |
| "sokuluk" virus, a new group b arbovirus isolated from vespertilio pipistrellus schreber, 1775, bat in the kirghiz s.s.r. | | 1973 | 4727779 |
| [experimental infection of aedes caspius caspius pall. mosquitoes on dwarf bats, vespertilio pipistrellus, infected with the issyk-kul virus and its subsequent transmission to susceptible animals]. | | 1982 | 6818441 |
| [structure and seasonal aspects of the bat gallbladder]. | the gallbladder of the insectivorous hibernating bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus et rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in fullness, shows a fundus, a corpus and a neck. its wall is formed by three layers: mucous membrane, with simple columnar epithelium on a thin basal lamina, beneath which is a "lamina propria" of connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels; lamina muscularis, constituted by three of four parallel bundles of smooth muscle cells, arranged in circular pattern; serous membrane of l ... | 1993 | 7941908 |
| [experimental lyssavirus infection in chiropters]. | insectivorous bats, pipistrellus pipistrellus in the active stage and hibernation were inoculated with bat unclassified lyssavirus aravan and lyssavirus serotypes 1 and 4. the influence of hibernation on the duration of the incubation period and the distribution of viruses in extraneural tissues was demonstrated. clinical symptoms of the diseases caused by different strains are described. | 1994 | 8160441 |
| comparative ultrastructural morphometric analysis of atrial specific granules in the bat, mouse, and rat. | size, incidence, and volume density of atrial specific granules (asg) in right atrial cells from five animals each of the rat (average weight 210 g), mouse (average weight 28 g), fruit-eating bat megaloglossus woermanni (bmw; average weight 35 g), and the insect-eating bat pipistrellus pipistrellus (bpp; average weight 6 g) have been compared via ultrastructural morphometry. in all three parameters of granule measurement, significantly higher figures were obtained in the rodents than in the bats ... | 1993 | 8417631 |
| generalised aa-amyloidosis in a bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | generalized amyloidosis was found to be the cause of death in a female adult insectivorous pipistrelle bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus) after chronic wound inflammation. large amounts of amyloid were detected in liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, intestine, lymphatic tissues, and endocrine and salivary glands. congo red staining and green birefringence identified amyloid; the congo red staining was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. the amyloid was further classified immunohistochemical ... | 1996 | 8817841 |
| renal coccidiosis with cystic tubular dilatation in four bats. | renal coccidiosis was diagnosed in four bats of different species (pipistrellus pipistrellus, myotis mystacinus, m. nattereri, and nyctalus noctula). multiple white and partly indented foci up to 2 mm in diameter were visible on the renal surface. histologically, the foci appeared as cystic dilated tubules with proliferated epithelium. asexual and sexual coccidian stages were seen in the epithelial cells, and the extremely distended tubular lumina were filled with schizonts, free zoites, microga ... | 1996 | 8817846 |
| [the fine structure of the gustatory cells of the circumvallate, foliate and fungiform papillae in hibernating bats]. | the cells of vallate, foliate and fungiform papillae were studied in insectivore hibernating bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus and rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in the various epochs of the year in order to show cell types the seasonal changes. on the basis of the ultrastructural aspects and the relationships with nerve endings, besides the few basal cells, three types of sensorial cells can be identified: dark type i cells, light type ii cells and light type iii cells. all gustatory cells, long and ... | 1996 | 10021731 |
| influence of torpor on milk protein composition and secretion in lactating bats. | in the pipistrelle bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus), the metabolic load of lactation is not met to any significant extent by increased food intake or mobilization of body reserves, and aerial foraging accounts for most of the animal's energy expenditure even during lactation. energy conservation must, therefore, play a critical role in maintaining lactation. the principal mechanism for energy conservation appears to be the bat's ability to enter torpor, but this may itself interrupt milk synthesi ... | 1999 | 10368932 |
| composition and structure of helminth communities in two populations of pipistrellus pipistrellus (chiroptera: vespertilionidae) from spain. | the community composition and structure of helminths of pipistrellus pipistrellus (schreber, 1774) from two widely separated spanish localities, el saler (n = 42) and the san pedro pothole (n = 34), were determined and compared. five species of trematodes, plagiorchis (plagiorchis) sp., lecithodendrium (lecithodendrium) linstowi dollfus, 1931, prosthodendrium (prosthodendrium) sp., pycnoporus heteroporus (dujardin, 1845) and parabascus semisquamosus (braun, 1900), and one species of cestode, hym ... | 2001 | 11437129 |
| ultrastructural aspects of the follicular cells of the pars tuberalis in bats related to the seasonal cycle. | the topography and structure of the follicular cells and the follicular cavity of the hypophyseal pars tuberalis (pt) were studied in adult hibernating bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus and rhinolophus ferrumequinum) of both sexes, during the annual seasonal cycle and the reproductive cycle. the follicular cells were found to be organized around a central cavity. they showed a polyhedral shape and apical microvilli protruding into central cavities. during hibernation, the follicular cells showed a ... | 2003 | 12845712 |
| new adenovirus in bats, germany. | we tested 55 deceased vespertilionid bats of 12 species from southern germany for virus infections. a new adenovirus was isolated from tissue samples of 2 pipistrellus pipistrellus bats, which represents the only chiropteran virus isolate found in europe besides lyssavirus (rabies virus). evidence was found for adenovirus transmission between bats. | 2009 | 19961700 |
| heavy metals and metallothionein in vespertilionid bats foraging over aquatic habitats in the czech republic. | there has been growing interest in the study and conservation of bats throughout the world. declines in their absolute numbers in recent decades are due, in part, to the fact that insectivorous bats may bioaccumulate toxic pollutants. the purpose of the present study was to quantify heavy metal concentrations in kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle samples in relation to metallothionein (mt) levels. in total, 106 bats belonging to 11 european species (i.e., myotis myotis, myotis daubentonii, myoti ... | 2010 | 20821471 |
| [demonstration of nycteribia kolenati (diptera, nycteribiidae) in west germany and west berlin]. | 19 records of n. kolenatii from 10 different localities are given. the bat species myotis daubentoni, m. mystacinus, pipistrellus pipistrellus and nyctalus noctula were found as hosts. | 2012 | 3425966 |
| novel cryptosporidium bat genotypes iii and iv in bats from the usa and czech republic. | bats from the families rhinolophidae (n = 90) and vespertilionidae (n = 191) in the usa and czech republic were screened for the presence of cryptosporidium by microscopic and molecular analysis of faecal samples collected from rectum of dissected animals and from the ground beneath roosting sites. cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected in any of the 281 faecal specimens examined using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method. nested pcr amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic anal ... | 2015 | 26255170 |
| seroprevalence dynamics of european bat lyssavirus type 1 in a multispecies bat colony. | we report an active surveillance study of the occurrence of specific antibodies to european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) in bat species, scarcely studied hitherto, that share the same refuge. from 2004 to 2012, 406 sera were obtained from nine bat species. blood samples were subjected to a modified fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test to determine the antibody titer. eblv-1-neutralizing antibodies were detected in six of the nine species analyzed (pipistrellus pipistrellus, p. kuhlii ... | 2014 | 25192547 |
| novel dicistrovirus from bat guano. | a novel dicistrovirus (strain nb-1/2011/hun, kj802403) genome was detected from guano collected from an insectivorous bat (species pipistrellus pipistrellus) in hungary, using viral metagenomics. the complete genome of nb-1 is 9136 nt in length, excluding the poly(a) tail. nb-1 has a genome organization typical of a dicistrovirus with multiple 3b(vpg) and a cripavirus-like intergenic region (igr)-ires. nb-1 shares only 41 % average amino acid sequence identity with capsid proteins of himetobi p ... | 2014 | 25168044 |
| molecular detection of histoplasma capsulatum in the lung of a free-ranging common noctule (nyctalus noctula) from france using the hcp100 gene. | histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that is widely distributed in the tropical or subtropical areas of the world and infects several mammalian hosts, mainly bats. infective propagules grow in bat and bird droppings. a specific molecular marker, a highly sensitive fragment of a co-activator protein-coding gene (hcp100), was used to detect h. capsulatum in lung samples of wild and captive bats from france using a nested polymerase chain reaction. to determine whether bats in france are po ... | 2013 | 23505698 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus/pipistrellus pygmaeus) (chiroptera: vespertilionidae) of england. | although bats are one of the most successful and diverse of mammalian orders, studies that focus upon bat endoparasites are limited. to further knowledge of bat parasitology, pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus and p. pygmaeus) were acquired from across the greater manchester and lancashire region of england and examined for gastrointestinal helminths using morphological and molecular analyses. sixty-eight of 90 adult/juvenile bats (76% prevalence) were infected with at least 1 species o ... | 2012 | 22217158 |
| toxoplasma gondii: prevalence in species and genotypes of british bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus and p. pygmaeus). | few studies have investigated toxoplasma gondii infections in bat populations and none have reported its presence in protected british bat species. using a collection of dead/euthanased bats collected from lancashire, uk, two species of bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus and pipistrellus pygmaeus) were tested using a highly sensitive sag1-pcr method specific for detection of t. gondii dna (n=77; 71 p. pipistrellus and 6 p. pygmaeus). whilst some potential bias may exist in the sampling strategy, an ... | 2014 | 24560770 |
| [taxonomy of the sokuluk virus (sokv) (flaviviridae, flavivirus, entebbe bat virus group) isolated from bats (vespertilio pipistrellus schreber, 1774), ticks (argasidae koch, 1844), and birds in kyrgyzstan]. | complete genome sequencing of the sokuluk virus (sokv) isolated in kyrgyzstan from bats vespertilio pipistrellus and their obligatory parasites--argasidae koch, 1844, ticks was carried out. sokv was classified as attributed to the flaviviridae family, flavivirus genus. the maximum homology (71% for nucleotide and 79% for amino acid sequences) was detected with respect to the entebbe bat virus (entv). entv and sokv form a group joining to the yellow fever virus (yfv) within the limits of the mosq ... | 2016 | 25065143 |
| chromosome banding patterns of four species of bats, with special reference to a case of x-autosome translocation. | the karyotypes of 4 species of bats, artibeus lituratus (phyllostomatidae), pipistrellus pipistrellus (vespertilionidae), pteropus alecto and p. giganteus (pteropodidae), were studied after several banding techniques. for a. lituratus, in which an x-autosome translocation was observed, an analyse of the replication pattern in the rearranged chromosome was also made after brdu incorporation. | 1983 | 6607698 |
| correlations between structure and function in the design of the bat lung: a morphometric study. | the lungs of five species of bat pipistrellus pipistrellus, miniopterus minor (peters), tadarida mops (de blainville), cynopterus brachyotis (muller) and cheiromeles torquatus (horstield) have been analysed by morphometric techniques. the mean body weight (w) ranged from 5 g in pipistrellus pipistrellus to 173 g in cheiromeles torquatus; the lung volume (vl) ranged from 0.3 cm3 in pipistrellus to 10 cm3 in cheiromeles. the volume densities or the main components of the bat lung, namely the paren ... | 1984 | 6491593 |
| enhanced passive bat rabies surveillance in indigenous bat species from germany--a retrospective study. | in germany, rabies in bats is a notifiable zoonotic disease, which is caused by european bat lyssaviruses type 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and 2), and the recently discovered new lyssavirus species bokeloh bat lyssavirus (bblv). as the understanding of bat rabies in insectivorous bat species is limited, in addition to routine bat rabies diagnosis, an enhanced passive surveillance study, i.e. the retrospective investigation of dead bats that had not been tested for rabies, was initiated in 1998 to study the ... | 2014 | 24784117 |
| season related ultrastructural features of the parotid, submandibular and von ebner's glands in hibernating bats. | the parotid, submandibular and the von ebner's salivary glands of hibernating insectivorous bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus, rhinolophus f. e. and eptesicus serotinus) were studied by transmission electron microscopy and by histochemical methods during various seasons of the year. we report the seasonal ultrastructural changes that occur in the cytoplasmic organelles and the secretory granules of the serous and mucous cells and in the intercalated and striated ducts of the major glands. it previ ... | 1996 | 8874091 |
| bats in a mediterranean mountainous landscape: does wind farm repowering induce changes at assemblage and species level? | we reported data on flying bat assemblages in a mediterranean mountain landscape of central italy on a 5-year time span (2005-2010) where a wind farm repowering has been carried out (from 2009, 17 three-blade turbines substituted an a priori set of one-blade turbines). in 4 yearly based surveys, we calculated a set of univariate metrics at species and assemblage level and also performing a diversity/dominance analysis (k-dominance plots) to evaluate temporal changes. nine species of bats were pr ... | 2016 | 26952112 |
| tissue distribution of the mers-coronavirus receptor in bats. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has been shown to infect both humans and dromedary camels using dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dpp4) as its receptor. the distribution of dpp4 in the respiratory tract tissues of humans and camels reflects mers-cov tropism. apart from dromedary camels, insectivorous bats are suggested as another natural reservoir for mers-like-covs. in order to gain insight on the tropism of these viruses in bats, we studied the dpp4 distribution in the respirator ... | 2017 | 28446791 |
| dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-emc. | most human coronaviruses cause mild upper respiratory tract disease but may be associated with more severe pulmonary disease in immunocompromised individuals. however, sars coronavirus caused severe lower respiratory disease with nearly 10% mortality and evidence of systemic spread. recently, another coronavirus (human coronavirus-erasmus medical center (hcov-emc)) was identified in patients with severe and sometimes lethal lower respiratory tract infection. viral genome analysis revealed close ... | 2013 | 23486063 |
| insectivorous bats digest chitin in the stomach using acidic mammalian chitinase. | the gastrointestinal tract of animals is adapted to their primary source of food to optimize resource use and energy intake. temperate bat species mainly feed on arthropods. these contain the energy-rich carbohydrate chitin, which is indigestible for the endogenous enzymes of a typical mammalian gastrointestinal tract. however, the gastrointestinal tract of bat species should be adapted to their diet and be able to digest chitin. we hypothesized that (i) european vespertilionid bat species have ... | 2013 | 24019876 |
| flight and echolocation behaviour of three vespertilionid bat species while commuting on flyways. | this study compares the flight and echolocation behaviour of three vespertilionid bat species while they commute on flyways. we measured the bats' spatial position relative to vertical background contours and relative to the ground while recording their echolocation behaviour. in myotis daubentonii, we found a significant influence of spatial context on the position and dimensions of flyways as well as on echolocation behaviour. in gap situations, flyways tended to be narrower and located closer ... | 2007 | 17885759 |
| trace metal concentrations in hairs of three bat species from an urbanized area in germany. | metal-contaminated soils and sediments are widespread in urbanized areas due to atmospheric deposition close to emission sources. these metals are bio-available for organisms, e.g., insects, and accumulate in food chains of insectivorous mammals. especially bats, which live in urban regions and ingest large amounts of food relative to their body mass, are at risk of being poisoned due to the accumulation of trace metals. to determine species-specific trace metal contents in bats from urban envir ... | 2015 | 25968272 |
| circulation of group 2 coronaviruses in a bat species common to urban areas in western europe. | fecal samples of 211 bats representing 13 different bat species from 31 locations in the netherlands were analyzed for the presence of coronaviruses (cov) using a genus-wide reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction. covs are known for their high potential for interspecies transmission, including zoonotic transmission with bats as reservoir hosts. for the first time, a group 2 cov was found in a bat, pipistrellus pipistrellus, in europe. this is of particular interest for public healt ... | 2010 | 20055576 |
| frequency modulation patterns in the echolocation signals of two vespertilionid bats. | in this study we measure and classify frequency modulation patterns in echolocation signals of two species of bats. by using the derivative of an exponential model fitted to pulses emitted by pipistrellus pipistrellus and myotis myotis, we show that the modulation functions differ fundamentally between the two species and also vary within each species. this variation makes it unlikely that pulse design and the concomitant modulation pattern can be explained by a single common principle as previo ... | 2005 | 15568143 |
| bioaccumulation of selected organochlorines in bats and tits: influence of chemistry and biology. | we analyzed six organochlorine compounds (hcb, lindane, p,p'-dde, pcb # 138, #153, and # 180) from populations of the european great tit (parus major) and from five species of bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus, nyctalus noctula, plecotus auritus, plecotus austriacus, myotis myotis). a weak positive correlation between kow (n-octanol /water partition coefficient) and bioaccumulation (measured as residue values) was found within each species. however, the ratio of the concentrations in bats compared ... | 1995 | 24234684 |
| predicting species distributions using record centre data: multi-scale modelling of habitat suitability for bat roosts. | conservation increasingly operates at the landscape scale. for this to be effective, we need landscape scale information on species distributions and the environmental factors that underpin them. species records are becoming increasingly available via data centres and online portals, but they are often patchy and biased. we demonstrate how such data can yield useful habitat suitability models, using bat roost records as an example. we analysed the effects of environmental variables at eight spat ... | 2015 | 26053548 |
| moth hearing in response to bat echolocation calls manipulated independently in time and frequency. | we measured the auditory responses of the noctuid moth noctua pronuba to bat echolocation calls which were manipulated independently in time and frequency. such manipulations are important in understanding how insect hearing influences the evolution of echolocation call characteristics. we manipulated the calls of three bat species (rhinolophus hipposideros, myotis nattereri and pipistrellus pipistrellus) that use different echolocation call features by doubling their duration or reducing their ... | 2000 | 11467425 |
| barriers and benefits: implications of artificial night-lighting for the distribution of common bats in britain and ireland. | artificial lighting is a particular problem for animals active at night. approximately 69% of mammal species are nocturnal, and one-third of these are bats. due to their extensive movements-both on a nightly basis to exploit ephemeral food supplies, and during migration between roosts-bats have an unusually high probability of encountering artificial light in the landscape. this paper reviews the impacts of lighting on bats and their prey, exploring the direct and indirect consequences of lighti ... | 2015 | 25780236 |
| habitat use of migratory bats killed during autumn at wind turbines. | the killing of large numbers of migratory bats at wind turbines is a pressing conservation problem. even though avoidance and mitigation measures could benefit from a better knowledge of the species' migratory habits, we lack basic information about what habitats and corridors bats use during migration. we studied the isotopic niche dimensions of three bat species that are frequently killed at wind turbines in germany: non-migratory pipistrellus pipistrellus, mid-distance migratory nyctalus noct ... | 2016 | 27411249 |
| testing hypotheses of bat baculum function with 3d models derived from microct. | the baculum (os penis) has been extensively studied as a taxon-specific character in bats and other mammals but its mechanical function is still unclear. there is a wide consensus in the literature that the baculum is probably a sexually selected character. using a novel approach combining postmortem manipulation and three-dimensional (3d) imaging, we tested two functional hypotheses in the common noctule bat nyctalus noctula, the common pipistrelle pipistrellus pipistrellus, and nathusius' pipi ... | 2015 | 25655647 |
| between-species jamming avoidance in pipistrelles? | past studies have reported that bats modify the spectral-temporal features of their vocalizations to avoid interference from the vocalizations of conspecifics (jamming avoidance). we tested for within, and between-species jamming avoidance in two sympatrically occurring species of vespertilionid bats, pipistrellus pipistrellus and pipistrellus nathusii. in both species the peak frequencies of the narrowband frequency component from samples of bats flying with conspecifics varied more than those ... | 2011 | 20938777 |
| no evidence for spectral jamming avoidance in echolocation behavior of foraging pipistrelle bats. | frequency shifts in signals of bats flying near conspecifics have been interpreted as a spectral jamming avoidance response (jar). however, several prerequisites supporting a jar hypothesis have not been controlled for in previous studies. we recorded flight and echolocation behavior of foraging pipistrellus pipistrellus while flying alone and with a conspecific and tested whether frequency changes were due to a spectral jar with an increased frequency difference, or whether changes could be exp ... | 2016 | 27502900 |
| fur: a non-invasive approach to monitor metal exposure in bats. | this paper presents a novel assessment of the use of fur as a non-invasive proxy to biomonitor metal contamination in insectivorous bats. concentrations of metals (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc) were measured using icp-ms in tissues (kidneys, liver, stomach and stomach content, bones and fur) obtained from 193 pipistrellus pipistrellus/pygmaeus bats. the bats were collected across a gradient of metal pollution in england and wales. the utility of small samples of fur as an indicator of metal ex ... | 2016 | 26774302 |
| alphacoronaviruses detected in french bats are phylogeographically linked to coronaviruses of european bats. | bats are a reservoir for a diverse range of viruses, including coronaviruses (covs). to determine the presence of covs in french bats, fecal samples were collected between july and august of 2014 from four bat species in seven different locations around the city of bourges in france. we present for the first time the presence of alpha-covs in french pipistrellus pipistrellus bat species with an estimated prevalence of 4.2%. based on the analysis of a fragment of the rna-dependent rna polymerase ... | 2015 | 26633467 |
| is part-night lighting an effective measure to limit the impacts of artificial lighting on bats? | as light pollution is currently considered to be a major threat to biodiversity, different lighting management options are being explored to mitigate the impact of artificial lighting on wildlife. although part-night lighting schemes have been adopted by many local authorities across europe to reduce the carbon footprint and save energy, their effects on biodiversity are unknown. through a paired, in situ experiment, we compared the activity levels of 8 bat species under unlit, part-night, and f ... | 2015 | 26179558 |
| histological and histochemical analysis of the gastrointestinal tract of the common pipistrelle bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | bats have a very high mass-specific energy demand due to small size and active flight. european bat species are mostly insectivorous and the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract should be adapted accordingly. this study investigated the general anatomy by histology and the function by analysing carbohydrate distribution in particular of the mucus of the gi tract of the insectivorous bat pipistrellus pipistrellus. the gi tracts of three individuals were dissected, fixed in formaldehyde, and e ... | 2015 | 26150154 |
| the impacts of new street light technologies: experimentally testing the effects on bats of changing from low-pressure sodium to white metal halide. | artificial light at night is a major feature of anthropogenic global change and is increasingly recognized as affecting biodiversity, often negatively. on a global scale, newer technology white lights are replacing orange sodium lights to reduce energy waste. in 2009, cornwall county council (uk) commenced replacement of existing low-pressure sodium (lps) high intensity discharge (hid) street lights with new phillips cosmopolis white ceramic metal halide street lights to reduce energy wastage. t ... | 2015 | 25780239 |
| correlative 3d-imaging of pipistrellus penis micromorphology: validating quantitative microct images with undecalcified serial ground section histomorphology. | detailed knowledge of histomorphology is a prerequisite for the understanding of function, variation, and development. in bats, as in other mammals, penis and baculum morphology are important in species discrimination and phylogenetic studies. in this study, nondestructive 3d-microtomographic (microct, µct) images of bacula and iodine-stained penes of pipistrellus pipistrellus were correlated with light microscopic images from undecalcified surface-stained ground sections of three of these penes ... | 2015 | 25703625 |
| the ecological impact of city lighting scenarios: exploring gap crossing thresholds for urban bats. | as the global population urbanizes, dramatic changes are expected in city lighting and the urban form, which may threaten the functioning of urban ecosystems and the services they deliver. however, little is known about the ecological impact of lighting in different urban contexts. movement is an important ecological process that can be disrupted by artificial lighting. we explored the impact of lighting on gap crossing for pipistrellus pipistrellus, a species of bat (chiroptera) common within u ... | 2015 | 25644403 |
| no evidence of coronavirus infection by reverse transcriptase-pcr in bats in belgium. | no coronavirus was detected by pcr in lung and intestine samples of 100 bats, mostly common pipistrelles (pipistrellus pipistrellus), collected dead between 2008 and 2013 for rabies surveillance in belgium. the negative results contrast with the high prevalence of coronaviruses detected in fecal pellets from live-captured bats in some european countries. | 2014 | 25098304 |
| scanning behavior in echolocating common pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | echolocating bats construct an auditory world sequentially by analyzing successive pulse-echo pairs. many other mammals rely upon a visual world, acquired by sequential foveal fixations connected by visual gaze saccades. we investigated the scanning behavior of bats and compared it to visual scanning. we assumed that each pulse-echo pair evaluation corresponds to a foveal fixation and that sonar beam movements between pulses can be seen as acoustic gaze saccades. we used a two-dimensional 16 mic ... | 2013 | 23580164 |
| genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. | a novel human coronavirus (hcov-emc/2012) was isolated from a man with acute pneumonia and renal failure in june 2012. this report describes the complete genome sequence, genome organization, and expression strategy of hcov-emc/2012 and its relation with known coronaviruses. the genome contains 30,119 nucleotides and contains at least 10 predicted open reading frames, 9 of which are predicted to be expressed from a nested set of seven subgenomic mrnas. phylogenetic analysis of the replicase gene ... | 2012 | 23170002 |
| bats at risk? bat activity and insecticide residue analysis of food items in an apple orchard. | although bats are reported as being threatened by pesticides, they are currently not considered in european union pesticide risk assessments. the reason for that contradiction is probably related to the scarcity of information on bat activity in pesticide-treated fields and the pesticide residues on their food items. the authors recorded bat activity and measured pesticide residues on bat-specific food items following applications of two insecticides in an apple orchard. high activity levels of ... | 2012 | 22505289 |
| habitat composition and connectivity predicts bat presence and activity at foraging sites in a large uk conurbation. | urbanization is characterized by high levels of sealed land-cover, and small, geometrically complex, fragmented land-use patches. the extent and density of urbanized land-use is increasing, with implications for habitat quality, connectivity and city ecology. little is known about densification thresholds for urban ecosystem function, and the response of mammals, nocturnal and cryptic taxa are poorly studied in this respect. bats (chiroptera) are sensitive to changing urban form at a species, gu ... | 2012 | 22428015 |
| thermal energetics and torpor in the common pipistrelle bat, pipistrellus pipistrellus (vespertilionidae: mammalia). | rate of metabolism and body temperature were studied between -6°c and 38°c in the common pipistrelle bat pipistrellus pipistrellus (vespertilionidae), a european species lying close to the lower end of the mammalian size range (body mass 4.9±0.8g, n=28). individuals maintained only occasionally a normothermic body temperature averaging 35.4±1.1°c (n=4) and often showed torpor during metabolic runs. the thermoneutral zone was found above 33°c, and basal rate of metabolism averaged 7.6±0.8ml o(2)h ... | 2011 | 21736950 |
| mechanisms of radiation in a bat group from the genus pipistrellus inferred by phylogeography, demography and population genetics. | here, we present a study of the pipistrellus pipistrellus species complex, a highly diversified bat group with a radiation centre in the mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. the study sample comprised 583 animals from 118 localities representatively covering the bats' range in the western palearctic. we used fast-evolving markers (the mitochondrial d-loop sequence and 11 nuclear microsatellites) to describe the phylogeography, demography and population structure of this model taxon and address de ... | 2010 | 21054608 |
| wind turbines and bat mortality: doppler shift profiles and ultrasonic bat-like pulse reflection from moving turbine blades. | bat mortality resulting from actual or near-collision with operational wind turbine rotors is a phenomenon that is widespread but not well understood. because bats rely on information contained in high-frequency echoes to determine the nature and movement of a target, it is important to consider how ultrasonic pulses similar to those used by bats for echolocation may be interacting with operational turbine rotor blades. by assessing the characteristics of reflected ultrasonic echoes, moving turb ... | 2010 | 20968394 |
| great tits search for, capture, kill and eat hibernating bats. | ecological pressure paired with opportunism can lead to surprising innovations in animal behaviour. here, we report predation of great tits (parus major) on hibernating pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus) at a hungarian cave. over two winters, we directly observed 18 predation events. the tits specifically and systematically searched for and killed bats for food. a substantial decrease in predation on bats after experimental provisioning of food to the tits further supports the hypothes ... | 2010 | 19740892 |
| geographic profiling and animal foraging. | geographic profiling was originally developed as a statistical tool for use in criminal cases, particularly those involving serial killers and rapists. it is designed to help police forces prioritize lists of suspects by using the location of crime scenes to identify the areas in which the criminal is most likely to live. two important concepts are the buffer zone (criminals are less likely to commit crimes in the immediate vicinity of their home) and distance decay (criminals commit fewer crime ... | 2006 | 16263134 |
| molecular architecture of pipistrellus pipistrellus/pipistrellus pygmaeus complex (chiroptera: vespertilionidae): further cryptic species and mediterranean origin of the divergence. | previous genetic analyses have demonstrated that two phonic types of one of the most common european bats, the common pipistrelle, belong to distinct species, although they are almost identical morphologically (45 khz pipistrellus pipistrellus and 55 khz pipistrellus pygmaeus). to reconstruct the history of the species complex and explain the codistribution of both forms in europe and the mediterranean, we performed phylogenetic analysis based on a 402-bp portion of the cytochrome b gene. partic ... | 2004 | 15288073 |
| pericentric satellite dna sequences in pipistrellus pipistrellus (vespertilionidae; chiroptera). | this paper reports the molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a hindiii family of satellite dna in the bat species pipistrellus pipistrellus. this satellite is organized in tandem repeats of 418 bp monomer units, and represents approximately 3% of the whole genome. the consensus sequence from five cloned monomer units has an a-t content of 62.20%. we have found differences in the ladder pattern of bands between two populations of the same species. these differences are probably because of ... | 2003 | 12939623 |
| effect of roost size on the emergence behaviour of pipistrelle bats. | we refined established methods for examining the temporal organization of behavioural events and applied them to the study of bats emerging from roost sites. previous studies have shown that as roosting numbers of bats increase, temporal patterning (clustering) in their emergence behaviour, as measured by chi(2)or g statistics, also increases. expressing the extent of temporal clustering using chi(2)or g, however, confounds two effects. the statistic may increase because clustering increases. ho ... | 1999 | 10512652 |
| roost selection in the pipistrelle bat, pipistrellus pipistrellus (chiroptera: vespertilionidae), in northeast scotland. | availability of suitable roost sites may limit bat distribution and abundance. we compared nine internal and 26 external features of 21 known roost buildings with those of 17 random buildings in northeast scotland, u.k. (57 degreesn) to assess whether pipistrelle bats, pipistrellus pipistrellus (55-khz phonotype) are selective in their use of roosts. bats did not select roosts with specific structural attributes. compared with random buildings, roosts were closer to a tree over 10 m tall and had ... | 1998 | 9790702 |
| intraspecific responses to distress calls of the pipistrelle bat, pipistrellus pipistrellus | responses of the vespertilionid bat pipistrellus pipistrellus to five recently caught conspecifics confined to a wire-mesh cage, at distances of 50 and 5 m from their roosts, were recorded on 12 separate evenings at three roosts during pregnancy and lactation. when bats were confined 50 m from their roost, an almost 20-fold increase in the number of bats that passed across an open site around the cage was recorded and the strength of response (number of bat passes) increased with time. when the ... | 1998 | 9514675 |
| can skull morphology be used to predict ecological relationships between bat species? a test using two cryptic species of pipistrelle. | can ecological relationships between bat species be predicted largely on the basis of morphology? this question was addressed by investigating skull morphology of two cryptic species of the pipistrelle bat. since 45 pipistrellus pipistrellus apparently eats larger prey than 55 p. pipistrellus, we predicted that it would have a larger overall skull size, a larger dentary apparatus, and a larger gape. to test these predictions, variables were measured from skulls of the two cryptic species, and co ... | 1997 | 9404031 |
| a comparison of the toxicity to laboratory mice and pipistrelle bats pipistrellus pipistrellus of exposure to remedially-treated timber. | many species of bats roost in roof spaces and can come into contact with pesticides used to treat roof timbers against rot. as part of a study to develop a test with laboratory mice which could be used to predict the likely toxicity of pesticides to bats, the toxic effects on pipistrelle bats pipistrellus pipistrellus and laboratory mice (cflp outbred-strain) of exposure to dieldrin-treated timber were compared. dose (amount of dieldrin applied to the wood surface) - response (mortality) studies ... | 1996 | 21781714 |
| ultrastructural and morphometric features of nodal and impulse-conducting cardiac myocytes of the bat pipistrellus pipistrellus. | cells of the impulse-generating and conducting tissues of the insect-eating bat pipistrellus pipistrellus were studied and evaluated using ultrastructural morphometry. sinoatrial node cells are smaller than working atrial cells and measure about 6.5 microm in diameter. their mitochondira and myofibril content constitute 23% and 19% of cytoplasmic volume, respectively. corresponding values for working atrial cells are 23% and 52%. atrioventricular node cells are 4.2 microm in diameter and contain ... | 1995 | 11322301 |
| organochlorine residues in spanish common pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | | 1994 | 8123983 |
| morphological study by scanning electron microscopy of the lingual papillae in the common european bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | there are many accounts of the tongues of mammals observed with scanning electron microscopy (sem), but apparently only one article about the tongue of the chiroptera. in the present study the tongue surface (after removing extracellular material) of the european common bat (pipistrellus pipstrellus) was examined. the tongue is covered with papillae and has an elevation between its medial and posterior half. there are three types of papillae: filiform, fungiform and circumvallate, and the filifo ... | 1993 | 7690226 |
| bimodal echolocation in pipistrelle bats: are cryptic species present? | the pipistrelle bat pipistrellus pipistrellus is the most widespread in europe, and is often the most abundant bat species in northern and central europe. p. pipistrellus has traditionally been considered as one species throughout europe. here we show that: (i) the echolocation calls of pipistrelles fall into two distinct frequency bands in britain, with frequencies containing most energy averaging 46 khz and 55 khz; (ii) roosts consist of bats which use only one form of echolocation; (iii) smal ... | 1993 | 8096079 |
| effect of stage of lactation and milk accumulation on mammary cell differentiation in lactating bats. | mammary cell differentiation was measured in lactating pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus) by assay of key enzyme activities, and by determination of protein and lactose synthesis rates in short-term tissue cultures. by these criteria, mammary cell differentiation did not change significantly with stage of lactation, but depended on the extent to which the gland was filled with milk. key enzyme activities and in vitro synthesis rates were significantly higher in glands suckled immediate ... | 1992 | 1489545 |
| oxygen consumption and evaporation during parturition in a vespertilionid bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | oxygen consumption and evaporation were measured in a single pregnant pipistrelle bat during labour and parturition of twins, using an open-flow respirometry system. during 233 min of measurements, three distinct phases were noted, which we suggest represent prelabour, labour and grooming or suckling the young. on the basis of this hypothesis, during labour and parturition, oxygen consumption was a maximum of 8.9% of daily energy expenditure, evaporation was 2.7% of daily water turnover, and tot ... | 1992 | 1593549 |
| arrhythmic breathing in torpid pipistrelle bats, pipistrellus pipistrellus. | the arrhythmic breathing pattern of torpid female pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus) was monitored using doppler radar. a total of 98 h of radar measurements were made on 11 individuals over 17 experiments, during which time 974 apneic intervals were monitored, over ambient temperatures (ta, degrees c) ranging from -1 to 14 degrees c, and body masses ranging from 4.6 to 7.4 g. as ta declined, a greater proportion of all breaths occurred in discrete breathing bouts. apneic intervals len ... | 1991 | 1947458 |
| immunological identification of uncoupling protein in interscapular "brown" adipose tissue of suckling and adult pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | 1. interscapular adipose tissue of suckling and adult pipistrelle bats was examined for the presence of the 32,000 mr "uncoupling protein" diagnostic of brown adipose tissue. 2. following separation by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mitochondrial proteins were blotted onto nitrocellulose and probed for uncoupling protein with an anti-(ground squirrel uncoupling protein) serum. 3. immunoreactivity consistent with the presence of uncoupling protein was found in all samples of adipose tiss ... | 1991 | 1764910 |
| fine structure of subendocardial (purkinje) cells of the insect-eating bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | subendocardial cells of the right ventricular myocardium of the west african bat, pipistrellus pipistrellus, were investigated at the ultrastructural level. the prominent features of these cells include a well-developed t-tubule system and numerous mitochondria with closely packed cristae. additionally, the cells display large stores of lipid bodies. these unusual features confirm that purkinje cells are heterogeneous in structural detail. from the paucity and poor structure of myofibrils of the ... | 1990 | 2074228 |
| sexual differences in survival rates of adult pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus) in south sweden. | a pipistrelle bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus) population in southernmost sweden was studied for eight consecutive breeding seasons by means of bat boxes. survival rates were calculated using cormack's stochastic technique. the mean survival rate of adult females exceeded that of territorial males. annual variations in survival rates were most evident in males, low rates being observed in years following wet autumns. energy constraints imposed on territorial males by the mating system, a resource ... | 1990 | 28313014 |
| the basic structure of the neocortex in insectivorous bats (miniopterus sthreibersi and pipistrellus pipistrellus). a golgi study. | a golgi study of the neocortex of miniopterus sthreibersi and pipistrellus pipistrellus revealed the presence of pyramidal cells distributed in an orderly fashion and many types of local-circuit neurons including small, medium-size and large multipolar cells with smooth dendrites and generalized axonal arborizations, double-bouquet neurons, chandelier cells, spiny stellate cells in midlevel of the cortex, sparsely spined multipolar neurons with ascending axons and horizontal cells of layer vi. i ... | 1987 | 2442245 |
| blood oxygen transport and organ weights of small bats and small non-flying mammals. | blood oxygen transport properties and organ weights of five bat species in the weight range between 4.8 and 150 g have been investigated and compared to four similar-size non-flying mammals. in addition allometric organ weight-body weight relations have been compiled for both groups. all bats had higher relative heart weights than the terrestrial mammals. in both groups the relative heart weight increased with decreasing body weight. in bats hemoglobin concentrations (18.2--24.4 g hb/dl), hemato ... | 1981 | 7330485 |
| variations in gestation length in a colony of pipistrelle bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus) from year to year. | gestation length in a colony of pipistrelle bats varied by 10 days in two consecutive years when the weather conditions during early gestation differed appreciably. plasma progesterone concentrations and corpus luteum volume increased during pregnancy to reach a maximum about 6 days before the first births. pipistrelles maintained high body temperatures during pregnancy if the food supply was adequate. the rate of fetal development therefore appears to be determined by maternal body temperature, ... | 1981 | 7452610 |
| the pineal gland of nocturnal mammals. ii. the ultrastructure of the pineal gland in the pipistrelle bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus l.): presence of two populations of pinealocytes. | in the pineal gland of the pipistrelle bat two different populations of pinealocytes and glial cells were observed electron microscopically. the pinealocytes of populations i and ii differ in their content of metabolically active cell organelles. in the pinealocytes of population i, granular vesicles originating from the golgi apparatus were found in the perikaryon and especially in the endings of the pinealocyte processes. granular vesicles appeared to be more numerous in hibernating nulliparou ... | 1981 | 7194738 |
| induction of ovulation in the pipistrelle bat, pipistrellus pipistrellus. | | 1976 | 1255555 |
| ageing and assessment of reproductive status of pipistrelle bats, pipistrellus pipistrellus. | | 1974 | 4468893 |
| reproduction in male pipistrellus pipistrellus (mammalia: chiroptera). | | 1974 | 4468890 |
| trypanosoma (schizotrypanum) dionisii of pipistrellus pipistrellus (chiroptera): intra- and extracellular development in vitro. | | 1972 | 4142076 |
| [ectoparasites of pipistrellus pipistrellus from austria]. | | 1972 | 5053177 |
| relationship between stored spermatozoa and the uterine epithelium in the pipistrelle bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus). | | 1970 | 4192709 |
| diagnosis of pregnancy and experimental extension of gestation in the pipistrelle bat, pipistrellus pipistrellus. | | 1969 | 5809466 |
| babesia vesperuginis in common pipistrelle ( pipistrellus pipistrellus) and the bat soft tick argas vespertilionis in republic of china. | babesia vesperuginis was molecularly detected in 10% (5/48) of common pipistrelle bats ( pipistrellus pipistrellus) in shihezi city, northwestern china. interestingly, four bat ticks ( argas vespertilionis), from babesia dna-positive common pipistrelle bats, were also positive for b. vesperuginis. our findings extend the geographic range of the common pipistrelle bat as a reservoir of b. vesperuginis in asia. | 2018 | 29377752 |
| detection of tick-borne bacteria and babesia with zoonotic potential in argas (carios) vespertilionis (latreille, 1802) ticks from british bats. | ticks host a wide range of zoonotic pathogens and are a significant source of diseases that affect humans and livestock. however, little is known about the pathogens associated with bat ticks. we have collected ectoparasites from bat carcasses over a seven year period. nucleic acids (dna and rna) were extracted from 296 ticks removed from bats and the species designation was confirmed in all ticks as argas (carios) vespertilionis. a subset of these samples (n = 120) were tested for the presence ... | 2018 | 29382871 |
| the recently discovered bokeloh bat lyssavirus: insights into its genetic heterogeneity and spatial distribution in europe and the population genetics of its primary host. | in 2010, a novel lyssavirus named bokeloh bat lyssavirus (bblv) was isolated from a natterer's bat (myotis nattereri) in germany. two further viruses were isolated in the same country and in france in recent years, all from the same bat species and all found in moribund or dead bats. here we report the description and the full-length genome sequence of five additional bblv isolates from germany (n=4) and france (n=1). interestingly, all of them were isolated from the natterer's bat, except one f ... | 2017 | 29029727 |
| usutu virus epizootic in belgium in 2017 and 2018: evidence of virus endemization and ongoing introduction events. | wildlife surveillance allowed the monitoring of the zoonotic mosquito-borne usutu virus (usuv) in birds and bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus) in southern belgium in 2017 and 2018. usuv-rna was detected in 69 birds (of 253) from 15 species, among which 7 species had not previously been reported to be susceptible to the infection. similarly, 2 bats (of 10) were detected positive by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr). usuv-associated lesions were mainly found in e ... | 2020 | 31479400 |
| seasonal and geographical distribution of cave-dwelling bats in romania: implications for conservation. | caves offer bats refuges for hibernation, breeding and other social events. their quality is important for species distribution. the role of cave microclimate as well as other environmental factors influencing the distribution of cave-dwelling species, is poorly known. we tested the significance of cave variables (length, temperature, elevation, occurrence of water) and geographical location for the presence of bats during hibernation and the breeding season in five regions in romania. to detect ... | 2011 | 32313439 |
| mitigating the negative impacts of tall wind turbines on bats: vertical activity profiles and relationships to wind speed. | wind turbines represent a source of hazard for bats, especially through collision with rotor blades. with increasing technical development, tall turbines (rotor-swept zone 50-150 m above ground level) are becoming widespread, yet we lack quantitative information about species active at these heights, which impedes proposing targeted mitigation recommendations for bat-friendly turbine operation. we investigated vertical activity profiles of a bat assemblage, and their relationships to wind speed, ... | 2018 | 29561851 |