| public health awareness of emerging zoonotic viruses of bats: a european perspective. | bats classified in the order chiroptera are the most abundant and widely distributed non-human mammalian species in the world. several bat species are reservoir hosts of zoonotic viruses and therefore can be a public health hazard. lyssaviruses of different genotypes have emerged from bats in america (genotype 1 rabies virus; rabv), europe (european bat lyssavirus; eblv), and australia (australian bat lyssavirus; ablv), whereas nipah virus is the most important recent zoonosis of bat origin in a ... | 2006 | 17187565 |
| public health risk analysis of european bat lyssavirus infection in the netherlands. | we present the frequency and the nature of contact incidents of the serotine bat, eptesicus serotinus, with humans and with companion animals (specifically cats and dogs), in the netherlands between 2000 and 2005. out of 17 bats in bite contact with humans, five tested positive for european bat lyssavirus (eblv) type 1a. cats had the most numerous contacts with bats (49 times) but a relatively low number of these bats were eblv positive (six times). we estimated that the average incidence of hum ... | 2009 | 18205973 |
| epidemiology of bat rabies in germany. | rabies in european bats was first reported in germany in 1954. in concordance with denmark and the netherlands, germany has reported one of the highest numbers (n = 187) of european bat lyssavirus (eblv)-positive cases in bats in europe so far (1954-2005). a combined descriptive epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis on bat rabies and prevailing eblvs is presented, comprising the past 50 years. so far, only the two lineages of eblv-1 (genotype 5), a and b, have been detected. although only 50 ... | 2007 | 17066249 |
| bat rabies surveillance in france, from 1989 through may 2005. | in france, the passive surveillance of lyssaviruses in bats started in 1989, with the first positive case found in the east of the country. in 2000, the french bat rabies surveillance network in france was improved on the basis of the one used for the surveillance of fox rabies. the objectives of this network are to improve bat rabies surveillance by increasing the number of specimens and to provide an estimation of rabies incidence in bat populations across the country. the surveillance network ... | 2006 | 16878486 |
| eblv1 circulation in natural bat colonies of eptesicus serotinus: a six year survey. | the serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) accounts for 95 % of cases of human exposition to eblv1. the aim of this study was to focus on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of eblv1 infection in the serotine bat. our first objective was the development of an rt-pcr technique for the specific detection of eblv1 rna in oro-pharyngeal swabs. this technique showed better performance than the classical immunofluorescence (if) on brain in detecting eblv1 in healthy flying bats. we have used this technique ... | 2006 | 16878483 |
| european bat lyssaviruses, the netherlands. | to study european bat lyssavirus (eblv) in bat reservoirs in the netherlands, native bats have been tested for rabies since 1984. for all collected bats, data including species, age, sex, and date and location found were recorded. a total of 1,219 serotine bats, eptesicus serotinus, were tested, and 251 (21%) were positive for lyssavirus antigen. five (4%) of 129 specimens from the pond bat, myotis dasycneme, were positive. recently detected eblv rna segments encoding the nucleoprotein were sequ ... | 2005 | 16485470 |
| genetic analysis of european bat lyssavirus type 1 isolates from france. | european bat lyssavirus type 1a (eblv-1a) was first identified in central france from a serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) collected at the end of 2002. rabies was diagnosed by reference rabies diagnosis methods and molecular tools. phylogenetic analysis of 14 viral isolates obtained from french bats infected with eblv-1 between 1989 and the end of 2002 against 47 nucleoprotein sequences showed a north-west to east distribution of eblv-1a virus and a south to north distribution of eblv-1b virus, ... | 2004 | 15160845 |
| screening of active lyssavirus infection in wild bat populations by viral rna detection on oropharyngeal swabs. | brain analysis cannot be used for the investigation of active lyssavirus infection in healthy bats because most bat species are protected by conservation directives. consequently, serology remains the only tool for performing virological studies on natural bat populations; however, the presence of antibodies merely reflects past exposure to the virus and is not a valid marker of active infection. this work describes a new nested reverse transcription (rt)-pcr technique specifically designed for ... | 2001 | 11574590 |
| cryptic diversity in european bats. | different species of bat can be morphologically very similar. in order to estimate the amount of cryptic diversity among european bats we screened the intra- and interspecific genetic variation in 26 european vespertilionid bat species. we sequenced the dna of subunit 1 of the mitochondrial protein nadh dehydrogenase (nd1) from several individuals of a species, which were sampled in a variety of geographical regions. a phylogeny based on the mitochondrial (mt) dna data is in good agreement with ... | 2001 | 11522202 |
| characterisation of a recently isolated lyssavirus in frugivorous zoo bats. | in july 1997 a lyssavirus was isolated in denmark from a colony of egyptian flying foxes (rousettus aegyptiacus) originating from a dutch zoo. sequencing of a 400 nucleotides coding region of the nucleoprotein and of a major part of the g-protein ectodomain encoding region of the newly isolated virus, revealed a very high similarity with european bat lyssavirus subtype 1a (ebl-1a). for characterisation of the recently isolated lyssavirus in frugivorous zoo bats, 16 frugivorous bats (rousettus ae ... | 2000 | 11043951 |
| evolution of european bat lyssaviruses. | forty-seven european bat lyssaviruses (ebl) and two african insectivorous bat lyssaviruses (duvenhage viruses) were selected for a comparison to be made of their evolutionary relationships. studies were based on direct sequencing of the pcr-amplified products of the 400 nucleotides coding for the amino terminus of the nucleoprotein. phylogenetic relationships were analysed after bootstrap resampling using the maximum parsimony and the neighbour-joining methods. analyses of both the nucleotide an ... | 1997 | 9292021 |
| ten-year survey of british bats for the existence of rabies. | in 1985, a notable increase in the number of recorded cases of rabies in european bats was observed, indicating a possible spread of the rabies virus in these bats. because of concern that the disease could be introduced into the united kingdom by bats crossing from mainland europe, a programme of screening dead bats for the presence of rabies and rabies-related viruses was initiated at the rabies research and diagnostic unit at the central veterinary laboratory. over a period of 10 years (janua ... | 1996 | 8950819 |
| lyssavirus in eptesicus serotinus (chiroptera: vespertilionidae). | to determine the prevalence of european bat lyssavirus 1 (ebl1), antibodies plasma samples were obtained from 175 serotine bats (eptesicus serotinus) from four colonies in southern spain between september of 1991 and september 1992. five bats were detected with ebl1 virus in one colony in 1989. the prevalence of antibodies rose to 74% in one of the colonies studied (villarrasa) in the spring of 1992. after a few months the prevalence declined to under 10%. individuals with a high antibody level ... | 1995 | 8592359 |
| [antigenic determination of human anti-rabies vaccine against viral street strains common in the wild animal population in poland]. | the aim of the study was to compare the antigen properties of a vaccine strain with street strains isolated from various animal hosts throughout the country. investigation was carried out using monoclonal antibodies against nc protein. also, two tests were carried out: the modified nih test for potency and the neutralization test using the sera of people vaccinated against rabies (pm vaccine strain). the investigated street strains were used in both tests as the challenge viruses. a suspension o ... | 1994 | 7541494 |
| [rabies in a wide-winged bat (eptesicus serotinus) in thuringia]. | | 1965 | 5894962 |
| a reduced panel of anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies for bat rabies virus identification in europe. | a reduced panel of 4 anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies (mab) was set up to distinguish viruses of terrestrial mammal origin from viruses of bat origin in europe. four additional mab were necessary to identify each one of the four serotypes of lyssavirus. these 8 mab were selected out of 25 mab secreted by hybridomas obtained from mice immunized with either serotype 1 lyssavirus (rabies virus pv4) or serotype 3 lyssavirus (mokola). they were screened with 32 viruses representative of the fo ... | 1990 | 2277871 |
| enhanced passive bat rabies surveillance in indigenous bat species from germany--a retrospective study. | in germany, rabies in bats is a notifiable zoonotic disease, which is caused by european bat lyssaviruses type 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and 2), and the recently discovered new lyssavirus species bokeloh bat lyssavirus (bblv). as the understanding of bat rabies in insectivorous bat species is limited, in addition to routine bat rabies diagnosis, an enhanced passive surveillance study, i.e. the retrospective investigation of dead bats that had not been tested for rabies, was initiated in 1998 to study the ... | 2014 | 24784117 |
| schizotrypanum in british bats. | two species of schizotrypanum, t. (s.) dionisii and t. (s.) vespertilionis, were identified from british bats. laboratory studies on stocks of isolated trypanosomes from 5 species of bat (pipistrellus pipistrellus, nyctalus leisleri, n. noctula, eptesicus serotinus and myotis brandti) indicated that the predominant species was t. d. dionisii. collections and dissection of the bat bug cimex pipistrelli from bat roosts revealed flagellate infection in a total of 12 out of 20 bugs; 7 of these bugs ... | 1988 | 3174237 |
| antigenic and molecular characterization of bat rabies virus in europe. | the predominant role of eptesicus serotinus in the epizootic of bat rabies in europe was further outlined by the first isolation of the rabies virus from this species in france. the distribution of the virus was studied in naturally infected e. serotinus bats at the time of death and suggested that the papillae of the tongue and the respiratory mucosa may play a role in virus production and excretion. the analysis of 501 french rabies virus isolates from various animal species by antinucleocapsi ... | 1992 | 1401009 |
| targeted surveillance for european bat lyssaviruses in english bats (2003-06). | in 2003-06, targeted (active) surveillance for european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs) was undertaken throughout england, focusing on two species most likely to host these viruses, myotis daubentonii and eptesicus serotinus. blood was sampled for the detection of eblv-specific neutralizing antibodies and oropharyngeal swabs were taken for the detection of viral rna or infectious virus in saliva. between 2003 and 2006, 273 e. serotinus and 363 m. daubentonii blood samples were tested by the eblv-1 or e ... | 2009 | 19901379 |
| experimental infection of serotine bats (eptesicus serotinus) with european bat lyssavirus type 1a. | the serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) accounts for the vast majority of bat rabies cases in europe and is considered the main reservoir for european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1, genotype 5). however, so far the disease has not been investigated in its native host under experimental conditions. to assess viral virulence, dissemination and probable means of transmission, captive bats were infected experimentally with an eblv-1a virus isolated from a naturally infected conspecific from germany. ... | 2009 | 19515825 |
| detection of a novel bat gammaherpesvirus in hungary. | this paper describes the detection of a novel herpesvirus in a serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) in hungary. the rescued animal showed signs of icterus and anorexia and died within a day, in spite of immediate supportive therapy. autopsy confirmed the clinical picture by the major lesions observed in the liver. histopathology revealed vacuolar degeneration in the hepatocytes and leukocytosis in the sinusoidal lumina. by electron microscopy, hydropic degeneration and apoptotic cells with a pycno ... | 2008 | 19149107 |
| experimental infection of foxes with european bat lyssaviruses type-1 and -2. | experimental studies have been undertaken to assess the susceptibility of silver foxes to bat variants of rabies virus, namely european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). both eblv-1 and eblv-2 have been isolated in european bats since 1954, in eptesicus serotinus and myotis species, respectively. since 2000, the number of reported cases has increased largely due to the improvement of the surveillance of bat rabies virus throughout europe. although over >800 eblvs cases have been reported in bats in euro ... | 2008 | 18634496 |
| [bat rabies in europe and the czech republic]. | in 2005, six children were treated in our department who had been in contact with a bat infected with european bat lyssavirus 1 (ebl1). in the czech republic, this was the first confirmed case of rabies since 2002, but the fourth case of bat rabies since 1994. all the cases were related to southern moravia and bat species which almost do not migrate. this suggests only endemic prevalence of ebl1 in this country. bat rabies is different from rabies in terrestic mammals. based on genetic analyses, ... | 2007 | 17703400 |
| helminth parasites in some spanish bats. | nineteen bats of the species rhinolophus ferrumequinum, r. hipposideros, myotis myotis, m. nattereri, pipistrellus pipistrellus, barbastella barbastellus, eptesicus serotinus and plecotus auritus captured in n. w. spain in 1983-85 were found to contain the following helminth parasites: mesotretes peregrinus (found in 4 host species and making up 31% of all helminths); plagiorchis vespertilionis (10.5%, in 2 host species); strongylacantha glycirrhiza, molinostrongylus alatus, molineidae gen. sp., ... | 1991 | 1822047 |
| bat population genetics and lyssavirus presence in great britain. | summarymost lyssaviruses appear to have bat species as reservoir hosts. in europe, of around 800 reported cases in bats, most were of european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) in eptesicus serotinus (where the bat species was identified). about 20 cases of eblv-2 were recorded, and these were in myotis daubentonii and m. dasycneme. through a passive surveillance scheme, britain reports about one case a year of eblv-2, but no cases of the more prevalent eblv-1. an analysis of e. serotinus and m. da ... | 2010 | 21205436 |
| active surveillance of bat rabies in france: a 5-year study (2004-2009). | active surveillance of bats in france started in 2004 with an analysis of 18 of the 45 bat species reported in europe. rabies antibodies were detected in six indigenous species, mainly in eptesicus serotinus and myotis myotis, suggesting previous contact with the eblv-1 rabies virus. nineteen of the 177 tested bats were shown serologically positive in seven sites, particularly in central and south-western france. neither infectious viral particles nor viral genomes were detected in 173 and 308 t ... | 2011 | 21570221 |
| anti-lyssaviral activity of interferons κ and ω from the serotine bat, eptesicus serotinus. | interferons (ifns) are cytokines produced by host cells in response to the infection with pathogens. by binding to the corresponding receptors, ifns trigger different pathways to block intracellular replication and growth of pathogens and to impede the infection of surrounding cells. due to their key role in host defense against viral infections, as well as for clinical therapies, the ifn responses and regulation mechanisms are well studied. however, studies of type i ifns have mainly focused on ... | 2014 | 24574413 |
| pathogenesis of rabies virus from a danish bat (eptesicus serotinus): neuronal changes suggestive of spongiosis. | rabies virus strains isolated from a european bat (eptesicus serotinus) in denmark (dbv), a north american big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus) in new york state (ny-bat), and a human in south africa (duvenhage strain (duv-1) were studied by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and by inoculating mice, cats, and dogs. the ten danish virus isolates from the same bat species reacted identically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. immunofluorescence, monoclonal antibody, and histopathologic studie ... | 1988 | 3369944 |
| insights into persistence mechanisms of a zoonotic virus in bat colonies using a multispecies metapopulation model. | rabies is a worldwide zoonosis resulting from lyssavirus infection. in europe, eptesicus serotinus is the most frequently reported bat species infected with lyssavirus, and thus considered to be the reservoir of european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1). to date, the role of other bat species in eblv-1 epidemiology and persistence remains unknown. here, we built an eblv-1-transmission model based on local observations of a three-cave and four-bat species (myotis capaccinii, myotis myotis, miniopte ... | 2014 | 24755619 |
| detection and genome characterization of four novel bat hepadnaviruses and a hepevirus in china. | in recent years, novel hepadnaviruses, hepeviruses, hepatoviruses, and hepaciviruses have been discovered in various species of bat around the world, indicating that bats may act as natural reservoirs for these hepatitis viruses. in order to further assess the distribution of hepatitis viruses in bat populations in china, we tested the presence of these hepatitis viruses in our archived bat liver samples that originated from several bat species and various geographical regions in china. | 2017 | 28222808 |
| sequencing and molecular modeling identifies candidate members of caliciviridae family in bats. | emerging viral diseases represent an ongoing challenge for globalized world and bats constitute an immense, partially explored, reservoir of potentially zoonotic viruses. caliciviruses are important human and animal pathogens and, as observed for human noroviruses, they may impact on human health on a global scale. by screening fecal samples of bats in hungary, calicivirus rna was identified in the samples of myotis daubentonii and eptesicus serotinus bats. in order to characterize more in detai ... | 2016 | 27085289 |
| detection of diverse novel bat astrovirus sequences in the czech republic. | astroviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. recently, novel groups of astroviruses were identified in apparently healthy insectivorous bats. we report the detection of diverse novel astrovirus sequences in nine different european bat species: eptesicus serotinus, hypsugo savii, myotis emarginatus, m. mystacinus, nyctalus noctula, pipistrellus nathusii or p. pygmaeus, p. pipistrellus, vespertilio murinus, and rhinolophus hipposideros. in six bat species, astrovirus se ... | 2015 | 26273815 |
| demographic variation in the u.k. serotine bat: filling gaps in knowledge for management. | species of conservation concern, or those in conflict with man, are most efficiently managed with an understanding of their population dynamics. european bats exemplify the need for successful and cost-effective management for both reasons, often simultaneously. across europe, bats are protected, and the concept of favourable conservation status (fcs) is used as a key tool for the assessment and licensing of disruptive actions to populations. however, for efficient decision-making, this assessme ... | 2014 | 25614796 |
| bat rabies in france: a 24-year retrospective epidemiological study. | since bat rabies surveillance was first implemented in france in 1989, 48 autochthonous rabies cases without human contamination have been reported using routine diagnosis methods. in this retrospective study, data on bats submitted for rabies testing were analysed in order to better understand the epidemiology of eblv-1 in bats in france and to investigate some epidemiological trends. of the 3176 bats submitted for rabies diagnosis from 1989 to 2013, 1.96% (48/2447 analysed) were diagnosed posi ... | 2014 | 24892287 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) in korea. | serotine bats of eptesicus serotinus are uncommon species in south korea due to habit loss and destruction. we describe the characteristics of complete mitochondrial genome and gene organization of e. serotinus in this article. the complete mitogenome of e. serotinus is 16,665 bp long with a total base composition of 32.8% a, 29.8% t, 23.5% c and 13.8% g. the mitogenome consists of 13 protein-coding genes (11,410 bp), 2 rrna (12s and 16s rna) genes (2524 bp), 22 trna genes (1504 bp) and 1 contro ... | 2015 | 23901922 |
| study of types of some species of "filaria" (nematoda) parasites of small mammals described by von linstow and molin. | parasitic nematodes from the berlin (zmb) and vienna (nmw) museum collections referred to the genus filaria mueller, 1787 by von linstow or molin were studied. three samples were in good condition and the specimens redescribed. litomosa hepatica (von linstow, 1897) n. comb., sample zmb vermes entozoa 3368, from the megachiropteran pteropus neohibernicus, bismarck archipelago, resembles l. maki tibayrenc, bain & ramanchandran, 1979, from pteropus vampyrus, in malaysia, but the buccal capsule diff ... | 2011 | 21678791 |
| strontium-90 and caesium-137 activity concentrations in bats in the chernobyl exclusion zone. | bats are a protected species and as such may be an object of protection in radiological assessments of the environment. however, there have previously been only few radioecological studies of species of bats. in this paper, results for >140 measurements of (90)sr and (137)cs in 10 species of bats collected within the chernobyl zone are presented. there was some indication of a decreasing transfer of (90)sr with increasing deposition, although this was inconsistent across species and explained li ... | 2010 | 20714905 |
| vespertilionid bats control the width of their biosonar sound beam dynamically during prey pursuit. | animals using sound for communication emit directional signals, focusing most acoustic energy in one direction. echolocating bats are listening for soft echoes from insects. therefore, a directional biosonar sound beam greatly increases detection probability in the forward direction and decreases off-axis echoes. however, high directionality has context-specific disadvantages: at close range the detection space will be vastly reduced, making a broad beam favorable. hence, a flexible system would ... | 2010 | 20643943 |
| morphological study of the heart innervation of bats myotis daubentoni and eptesicus serotinus (microchiroptera: vespertilionidae) during hibernation. | the capability of bats to have heart rates fewer than 10 beats/min during hibernation and greater than 700 beats/min during flight surprises biologists and cardiologists. cardioacceleration of hibernating bats is considered to be a function of their intracardiac nervous system. in the present study we investigated the morphology of the heart innervation of ten m. daubentoni and four e. serotinus bats during their natural hibernation in order to determine which intracardiac structures may be invo ... | 2000 | 10916173 |
| season related ultrastructural features of the parotid, submandibular and von ebner's glands in hibernating bats. | the parotid, submandibular and the von ebner's salivary glands of hibernating insectivorous bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus, rhinolophus f. e. and eptesicus serotinus) were studied by transmission electron microscopy and by histochemical methods during various seasons of the year. we report the seasonal ultrastructural changes that occur in the cytoplasmic organelles and the secretory granules of the serous and mucous cells and in the intercalated and striated ducts of the major glands. it previ ... | 1996 | 8874091 |
| seroprevalence dynamics of european bat lyssavirus type 1 in a multispecies bat colony. | we report an active surveillance study of the occurrence of specific antibodies to european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) in bat species, scarcely studied hitherto, that share the same refuge. from 2004 to 2012, 406 sera were obtained from nine bat species. blood samples were subjected to a modified fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test to determine the antibody titer. eblv-1-neutralizing antibodies were detected in six of the nine species analyzed (pipistrellus pipistrellus, p. kuhlii ... | 2014 | 25192547 |
| population genetic structure of serotine bats (eptesicus serotinus) across europe and implications for the potential spread of bat rabies (european bat lyssavirus eblv-1). | understanding of the movements of species at multiple scales is essential to appreciate patterns of population connectivity and in some cases, the potential for pathogen transmission. the serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) is a common and widely distributed species in europe where it frequently harbours european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1), a virus causing rabies and transmissible to humans. in the united kingdom, it is rare, with a distribution restricted to south of the country and so far t ... | 2015 | 25832817 |
| histological response of eptesicus serotinus (mammalia: chiroptera) to argas vespertilionis (acari: argasidae). | the sequential histological development of argas vespertilionis (acarina: argasidae) feeding sites on eptesicus serotinus (mammalia: chiroptera) was evaluated. neutrophils, followed by langerhans cells, were the major components of the cellular infiltrate throughout the earliest phase of tick infestation. the host tended to isolate the tick mouthparts by means of a progressive formation of epithelial tissue in the feeding cavity. | 1994 | 7933275 |
| [seasonal changes in seminiferous tubules and leydig cells of hibernating bats]. | we studied the seasonal course of leydig cells combined with spermatogenesis and blood testosterone concentrations. the reproductive cycle of pipistrellus kuhli kuhli and eptesicus serotinus is characterized by seminiferous tubules which reactivate after a period of complete quiescence extending for the whole winter hibernating sleep and spring (march-june) periods. during hibernation, leydig cells show ultrastructural features which stress a low secretory activity with corresponding low concent ... | 1990 | 2151913 |
| the detection of phantom targets in noise by serotine bats; negative evidence for the coherent receiver. | using a target simulator three serotine bats, eptesicus serotinus, were trained to judge whether a phantom target was present or absent. the echolocation sounds emitted by the bats during the detection were intercepted by a microphone, amplified and returned by a loudspeaker as an artificial echo, with a delay of 3.2 ms and a sound level determined by the overall gain and cry amplitude. the cry level of each pulse was measured and the echo level received by the bat was calculated. the target was ... | 1986 | 3783503 |
| cochlear hair-cell populations and limits of resolution of hearing in two vespertilionid bats, nyctalus noctula and eptesicus serotinus. | a comparison of the population of cochlear hair cells with known hearing resolution capabilities in two species of bats (nyctalus noctula and eptesicus serotinus of the family vespertilionidae) has revealed a close correlation between morphological and functional parameters. data on number and densities of hair cells in the examined bat species are presented. even though the species are of a comparable body size, n. noctula has a longer basilar membrane, a higher density, and hence also a higher ... | 1983 | 6864809 |
| [bioelectric activity of shoulder girdle muscles in eptesicus serotinus schreb (chiroptera)]. | | 1973 | 4721719 |
| favourable outcome in a patient bitten by a rabid bat infected with the european bat lyssavirus-1. | the classic rabies virus (genotype 1) has been eliminated in western europe, but related lyssaviruses still circulate in local bats. in august 2010, a belgian photographer was bitten upon provocation of a disoriented eptesicus serotinus bat in spain. the bat was infected with european bat lyssavirus-1 (genotype 5). the isolate proved highly neurovirulent in mice. the patient had received preventive rabies immunisations years before the incident and received two boosters with the hdcv rabies vacc ... | 2016 | 23627196 |
| bat rabies surveillance in europe. | rabies is the oldest known zoonotic disease and was also the first recognized bat associated infection in humans. to date, four different lyssavirus species are the causative agents of rabies in european bats: the european bat lyssaviruses type 1 and 2 (eblv-1, eblv-2), the recently discovered putative new lyssavirus species bokeloh bat lyssavirus (bblv) and the west caucasian bat virus (wcbv). unlike in the new world, bat rabies cases in europe are comparatively less frequent, possibly as a res ... | 2013 | 22963584 |
| lyssavirus distribution in naturally infected bats from germany. | in germany, to date three different lyssavirus species are responsible for bat rabies in indigenous bats: the european bat lyssaviruses type 1 and 2 (eblv-1, eblv-2) and the bokeloh bat lyssavirus (bblv) for which eptesicus serotinus, myotis daubentonii and myotis nattereri, respectively, are primary hosts. lyssavirus maintenance, evolution, and epidemiology are still insufficiently explored. moreover, the small number of bats infected, the nocturnal habits of bats and the limited experimental d ... | 2014 | 24440375 |
| novel papillomaviruses in free-ranging iberian bats: no virus-host co-evolution, no strict host specificity, and hints for recombination. | papillomaviruses (pvs) are widespread pathogens. however, the extent of pv infections in bats remains largely unknown. this work represents the first comprehensive study of pvs in iberian bats. we identified four novel pvs in the mucosa of free-ranging eptesicus serotinus (eserpv1, eserpv2, and eserpv3) and rhinolophus ferrumequinum (rferpv1) individuals and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships within the viral family. we further assessed their prevalence in different populations of e. sero ... | 2014 | 24391150 |
| alpha and lineage c betacov infections in italian bats. | alphacov and lineage c betacov, genetically similar to those identified in spanish related bat species, have been detected in italian myotis blithii and eptesicus serotinus, respectively, out of 75 anal swabs collected from vespertilionidae between 2009 and 2012. sequence analysis of the 816-bp obtained rdrp sequence fragment indicates a 96.9 % amino acid identity of the italian lineage c betacov with the recent middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov, genbank accession number kf1 ... | 2014 | 24242847 |
| twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in germany: a detailed analysis and future perspectives. | in germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. a total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of eblv-1- , eblv-2- and bblv-specific rna. overall, 0·15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested eblv-1 positive, with the majority originating from eptesicus serotinus. interestingly, out of seven rt-pcr-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (e. seroti ... | 2014 | 24007822 |
| trypanosoma dionisii in insectivorous bats from northern china. | although bats were considered as a major host of trypanosomatid flagellates, information of trypanosomes in bats is unknown in china. we collected bats in 2015 from shandong province of china and used pcr to amplify the trypanosoma glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (ggapdh) gene and 18s rrna gene from the bat blood samples and heart tissues. the results showed that 10.3% (13/126) of bats (eptesicus serotinus and myotis pequinius) were positive for trypanosomatid dna and dna seque ... | 2019 | 30826326 |
| heavy metals and metallothionein in vespertilionid bats foraging over aquatic habitats in the czech republic. | there has been growing interest in the study and conservation of bats throughout the world. declines in their absolute numbers in recent decades are due, in part, to the fact that insectivorous bats may bioaccumulate toxic pollutants. the purpose of the present study was to quantify heavy metal concentrations in kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle samples in relation to metallothionein (mt) levels. in total, 106 bats belonging to 11 european species (i.e., myotis myotis, myotis daubentonii, myoti ... | 2010 | 20821471 |
| efficacy of rabies vaccines against duvenhage virus isolated from european house bats (eptesicus serotinus), classic rabies and rabies-related viruses. | isolates of rabies from separate enzootics can be distinguished by their reactions with panels of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed to different sites on the nucleocapsid and glycoproteins of the virus. estimates of antigenic relatedness can be made by comparing similarities among groups. in this manner it can be shown that while classic strains of rabies react with most of the mabs, the rabies related lyssaviruses (mokola, lagos and duvenhage) react with only a few of the mabs and isolates ... | 1988 | 3245296 |
| surveillance for european bat lyssavirus in swiss bats. | most countries in western europe are currently free of rabies in terrestrial mammals. nevertheless, rabies remains a residual risk to public health due to the natural circulation of bat-specific viruses, such as european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). european bat lyssavirus types 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and eblv-2) are widely distributed throughout europe, but little is known of their true prevalence and epidemiology. we report that only three out of 837 brains taken from bats submitted to the swiss rabies ... | 2010 | 20803042 |
| babesia vesperuginis in insectivorous bats from china. | to increase understanding of human bacterial and parasitic pathogens in bats, we investigated the prevalence of babesia spp., rickettsia spp., anaplasma spp. and coxiella burnetii in bats from china. | 2018 | 29843764 |
| pathogenic leptospira species in insectivorous bats, china, 2015. | pcr amplification of the rrs2 gene indicated that 50% (62/124) of insectivorous bats from eastern china were infected with leptospira borgpetersenii, l. kirschneri, and several potentially new leptospira species. multilocus sequence typing defined 3 novel sequence types in l. kirschneri, suggesting that bats are major carriers of leptospira. | 2018 | 29774833 |
| european bat lyssaviruses: distribution, prevalence and implications for conservation. | worldwide, there are more than 1100 species of the order chiroptera, 45 of which are present in europe, and 16 in the uk. bats are reservoirs of, or can be infected by, several viral diseases, including rabies virus strains (in the lyssavirus genus). within this genus are bat variants that have been recorded in europe; european bat lyssavirus 1 (eblv-1), european bat lyssavirus 2 (eblv-2) and, four currently unclassified isolates. since 1977, 783 cases of eblvs (by isolation of viral rna) have b ... | 2006 | 32226078 |
| seroprevalence of toscana virus and sandfly fever sicilian virus in european bat colonies measured using a neutralization test. | toscana phlebovirus (tosv) and sicilian phlebovirus (sfsv) are endemic in the mediterranean area where they are transmitted to humans by infected sandflies. vertebrates of several species have been postulated to act as reservoirs of these viruses, but convincing evidence is still awaited. among them, bats have been suggested, however documented evidence is lacking. here we tested a total of 329 bats belonging to eight species collected from twelve localities in southern spain for the presence of ... | 2021 | 33440618 |
| first cases of european bat lyssavirus type 1 in iberian serotine bats: implications for the molecular epidemiology of bat rabies in europe. | previous studies have shown that eblv-1 strains exclusively hosted by eptesicus isabellinus bats in the iberian peninsula cluster in a specific monophyletic group that is related to the eblv-1b lineage found in the rest of europe. more recently, enhanced passive surveillance has allowed the detection of the first eblv-1 strains associated to eptesicus serotinus south of the pyrenees. the aim of this study is the reconstruction of the eblv-1 phylogeny and phylodynamics in the iberian peninsula in ... | 2018 | 29684025 |
| environment, host, and fungal traits predict continental-scale white-nose syndrome in bats. | white-nose syndrome is a fungal disease killing bats in eastern north america, but disease is not seen in european bats and is less severe in some north american species. we show that how bats use energy during hibernation and fungal growth rates under different environmental conditions can explain how some bats are able to survive winter with infection and others are not. our study shows how simple but nonlinear interactions between fungal growth and bat energetics result in decreased survival ... | 2016 | 27152322 |
| tissue distribution of the mers-coronavirus receptor in bats. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has been shown to infect both humans and dromedary camels using dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dpp4) as its receptor. the distribution of dpp4 in the respiratory tract tissues of humans and camels reflects mers-cov tropism. apart from dromedary camels, insectivorous bats are suggested as another natural reservoir for mers-like-covs. in order to gain insight on the tropism of these viruses in bats, we studied the dpp4 distribution in the respirator ... | 2017 | 28446791 |
| novel coronaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses and circoviruses in insectivorous bats from northern china. | bats are considered as the reservoirs of several emerging infectious disease, and novel viruses are continually found in bats all around the world. studies conducted in southern china found that bats carried a variety of viruses. however, few studies have been conducted on bats in northern china, which harbours a diversity of endemic insectivorous bats. it is important to understand the prevalence and diversity of viruses circulating in bats in northern china. in this study, a total of 145 insec ... | 2017 | 28371451 |
| epidemiology and control of rabies in bats in the netherlands. | the first case of bat rabies in the netherlands was recorded in 1987. since then, 2,540 bats have been examined. in total, 186 bats belonging to two species were found positive for rabies: 182 eptesicus serotinus and 4 myotis dasycneme. the virus isolates from the two species were found to be different. approximately 20% of the e. serotinus bats sent for examination were found positive. the epidemiological findings suggest a stable situation of infection north of the rhine and the meuse. a total ... | 1992 | 1305860 |
| bat rabies surveillance in france: first report of unusual mortality among serotine bats. | rabies is a fatal viral encephalitic disease that is caused by lyssaviruses which can affect all mammals, including human and bats. in europe, bat rabies cases are attributed to five different lyssavirus species, the majority of rabid bats being attributed to european bat 1 lyssavirus (eblv-1), circulating mainly in serotine bats (eptesicus serotinus). in france, rabies in bats is under surveillance since 1989, with 77 positive cases reported between 1989 and 2016. | 2017 | 29237469 |
| active and passive surveillance for bat lyssaviruses in italy revealed serological evidence for their circulation in three bat species. | the wide geographical distribution and genetic diversity of bat-associated lyssaviruses (lysvs) across europe suggest that similar viruses may also be harboured in italian insectivorous bats. indeed, bats were first included within the passive national surveillance programme for rabies in wildlife in the 1980s, while active surveillance has been performed since 2008. the active surveillance strategies implemented allowed us to detect neutralizing antibodies directed towards european bat 1 lyssav ... | 2018 | 30511606 |
| faeces as a novel material to estimate lyssavirus prevalence in bat populations. | rabies is caused by infection with a lyssavirus. bat rabies is of concern for both public health and bat conservation. the current method for lyssavirus prevalence studies in bat populations is by oral swabbing, which is invasive for the bats, dangerous for handlers, time-consuming and expensive. in many situations, such sampling is not feasible, and hence, our understanding of epidemiology of bat rabies is limited. faeces are usually easy to collect from bat colonies without disturbing the bats ... | 2020 | 31814288 |
| longitudinal survey of two serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) maternity colonies exposed to eblv-1 (european bat lyssavirus type 1): assessment of survival and serological status variations using capture-recapture models. | this study describes two longitudinal serological surveys of european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) antibodies in serotine bat (eptesicus serotinus) maternity colonies located in the north-east of france. this species is currently considered as the main eblv-1 reservoir. multievent capture-recapture models were used to determine the factors influencing bat rabies transmission as this method accounts for imperfect detection and uncertainty in disease states. considering the period of study, anal ... | 2017 | 29149215 |
| viral metagenomic profiling of croatian bat population reveals sample and habitat dependent diversity. | to date, the microbiome, as well as the virome of the croatian populations of bats, was unknown. here, we present the results of the first viral metagenomic analysis of guano, feces and saliva (oral swabs) of seven bat species (myotis myotis, miniopterus schreibersii, rhinolophus ferrumequinum, eptesicus serotinus, myotis blythii, myotis nattereri and myotis emarginatus) conducted in mediterranean and continental croatia. viral nucleic acids were extracted from sample pools, and analyzed using i ... | 2020 | 32824037 |
| host genetic variation does not determine spatio-temporal patterns of european bat 1 lyssavirus. | the majority of bat rabies cases in europe are attributed to european bat 1 lyssavirus (eblv-1), circulating mainly in serotine bats (eptesicus serotinus). two subtypes have been defined (eblv-1a and eblv-1b), each associated with a different geographical distribution. in this study, we undertake a comprehensive sequence analysis based on 80 newly obtained eblv-1 nearly complete genome sequences from nine european countries over a 45-year period to infer selection pressures, rates of nucleotide ... | 2017 | 29165566 |
| serological survey of lyssaviruses in polish bats in the frame of passive rabies surveillance using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | background: bats are known to host a number of nonpathogenic viruses, as well as highly pathogenic viruses causing fatal diseases like rabies. serological surveys as part of active and passive bat rabies surveillance mainly use seroneutralization assays, demonstrating the presence of lyssavirus-specific antibodies in a variety of european bats, particularly against european bat lyssaviruses type 1 (eblv-1). here, we present the first serological survey in european bats of this kind during which ... | 2020 | 32121200 |
| first evidence of antibodies against lloviu virus in schreiber's bent-winged insectivorous bats demonstrate a wide circulation of the virus in spain. | although lloviu virus (llov) was discovered in the carcasses of insectivorous schreiber's bent-winged bats in the caves of northern spain in 2002, its infectivity and pathogenicity remain unclear. we examined the seroprevalence of llov in potentially exposed schreiber's bent-winged bats (n = 60), common serotine bats (n = 10) as controls, and humans (n = 22) using an immunoblot assay. we found antibodies against llov gp2 in all of schreiber's bent-winged bats serum pools, but not in any of the c ... | 2019 | 31010201 |