| [spontaneous infestation of phlebotomus ariasi by rictularia proni, spirurid parasite of the field-mouse. are the burrows of the field-mouse shelters for the larvae of phlebotomus?]. | | 1969 | 5408595 |
| [infestation with entomophthora sp. in phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921]. | | 1966 | 5953773 |
| ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 19. determination of the hosts of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 in the cévennes by bloodmeal analyses. | engorged sandflies were collected using 58 cdc light traps set up nightly for 5 weeks at 12 stations in the commune of roquedur, gard, france, in the cévennes focus of leishmaniasis. of 782 engorged females, 593 were phlebotomus ariasi, 3 were p. mascittii and 186 were not identified. using the precipitin ring test and counter-current immuno-electrophoresis, the bloodmeals were tested with antisera to man, leporids, rodents, canids, mustelids, equids, suids, bovids, birds, lizards and amphibia. ... | 1984 | 6508140 |
| [phlebotomus of portugal. i--natural infestation of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 and phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, by leishmania in the zoonotic focus of arrábida (portugal)]. | the author presents the results of a sandfly survey carried out in the zoonotic focus of arrábida for search of kala-azar vectors. the total of 195 dissected females belonged to the species sergentomyia (s.) minuta. phlebotomus (l.) ariasi and phlebotomus (l.) perniciosus. only the last two species were found parasitized by leishmania promastigotes: 2 females of p. ariasi (4.88%) and 3 females of p. perniciosus (2.01%). this is the first finding of natural infection of p. ariasi in portugal. | 1984 | 6508146 |
| [observations on the flight height of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921]. | | 1971 | 5131704 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 6. first report of a spontaneous infestation of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 (author's transl)]. | | 1973 | 4791827 |
| preliminary field observations on the flight speed of a phlebotomine sandfly. | from observations with a portable wind tunnel used in the field in southern france, it is estimated that the maximum flight speed of phlebotomus ariasi is in the range 0.65-0.70 m/sec (2.3 to 2.5 km/h). | 1986 | 3726974 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 3. comparative receptivity of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir 1921 and rhipicephalus turianicus pomerancev and matikasvili, 1940 to leishmania donovani (laveran and mesnil, 1903)]. | | 1972 | 4655366 |
| breeding places of phlebotomus ariasi in the cevennes focus of leishmaniasis in the south of france. | in a search for sandfly breeding sites in the cévennes, france, six larvae of phlebotomus ariasi were found in rotted manure in a cellar housing goats, and six adult flies of the same species were collected from emergence traps, one in the same cellar and five on a disused refuse dump. no sandflies were found emerging from holes of long-tailed field mice (apodemus spp.) and no sandfly larvae were extracted from 77 kg (dry weight) and 130 kg (undried weight) of samples of soil or litter from diff ... | 1987 | 3508261 |
| two populations of phlebotomus ariasi in the cévennes focus of leishmaniasis in the south of france revealed by analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons. | two distinct populations of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir have been identified in the cévennes focus of leishmaniasis in the south of france using gas-liquid chromatography (glc) of cuticular hydrocarbons extracted from individual dried female flies. results were obtained after analysis of flies collected from cdc light traps from a domestic and a sylvatic site separated by a distance of 900 m. flies were provided for glc analysis as six blind samples. using cluster and discriminant analysis techni ... | 1987 | 2979524 |
| honeydew sugars in wild-caught phlebotomus ariasi detected by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and gas chromatography (gc). | phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir sandflies were caught in light traps hung in oak trees and in a house in the cévennes focus of leishmaniasis in the south of france. the flies were cryopreserved either immediately on removal from the traps, or after starvation for 6-7 days, or after 6-7 days starvation followed by exposure to oak infested with the aphid genera lachnus or thelaxes. after transportation to the laboratory, the sandflies were thawed and aqueous extracts of the crushed flies were analysed ... | 1987 | 2979559 |
| honeydew of aphids as a source of sugar for phlebotomus ariasi. | wild-caught phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, starved until their sugar meals had been digested, were caged for 24 h with plants or plants infested with aphids and then tested for fructose, a constituent of plant sap. no evidence was found that the flies took sap directly from nine types of plants present in their habitat. about two-thirds of flies caged with oak (quercus ilex l.) infested with an aphid [lachnus roboris (l.)] and about a fifth kept with leaves of the french bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. ... | 1987 | 2979545 |
| gynandromorphism in a population of sergentomyia minuta (rondani, 1843) in the northeast of spain. | a study carried out, from july 1990 until april 1991, in a small village situated in the northeast of spain (pradell de la teixeta) has allowed the discovery of three sandflies species: phlebotomus ariasi, p. perniciosus and sergentomyia minuta. p. ariasi was present from the initial data of capture to the end of october, disappearing the two others at the first half of november. the population of s. minuta furnished gynandromorphic individuals (1.6%) being the female-like specimens most commonl ... | 1991 | 1841215 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. -- 12. horizontal dispersion of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921. preliminary experiments (author's transl)]. | by use of mark-release-recapture methods, evidence was obtained of the distance of the dispersion of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1021. female flies, collected in a valley in the cévennes mountains (at roquedur, gard), were marked with fluorescnt powders, released an then recaptured by searching with ultra-violet lamps. the majority of the flies recapture were among ones given a blood meal shortly before release. recaptures were made from the second day after release. a number of females migrated ... | 1979 | 550718 |
| the life expectancy of phlebotomine sandflies: first field estimates from southern france. | 1. a field study of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, the vector of leishmania infantum nicolle in southern france, addressed the following questions: is it possible to estimate reliably the life expectancy of this sandfly; can spatial or temporal variation in the life expectancy be detected, and is such variation significant for disease transmission? 2. life expectancy was estimated by examining follicular relics in the ovaries of more than ten thousand females caught in light traps at seven sites in ... | 1987 | 2979558 |
| [isoenzymatic studies of mediterranean populations of sandflies of the subgenus larroussius]. | isoenzymes of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase and glucosephosphate isomerase were examined, using agarose gel isoelectrofocusing, in populations of phlebotomus ariasi (france), p. neglectus (greece), p. perfilewi (italy & greece) and p. tobbi (greece). comparison between enzymatic profiles by numerical analysis separated larroussius from phlebotomus and paraphlebotomus subgenera and brought together p. ariasi and p. neglectus. nei genetic coefficients indicated similarities between populations of ... | 1991 | 1841246 |
| fructose in wild-caught phlebotomus ariasi and the possible relevance of sugars taken by sandflies to the transmission of leishmaniasis. | cold, acidified anthrone was used to test 200 wild-caught sandflies (phlebotomus ariasi females) for the presence of fructose. this sugar, or others with a fructose moiety, were demonstrable in 157 (79%) of the flies; proportions of flies positive in different tests ranged from 44 to 91%. higher proportions of flies gave positive results when tested less than one hour after capture than when kept in the laboratory for more than 12 hours before testing. similarly high percentages of flies were po ... | 1980 | 7434430 |
| sugars in sandflies. | the evidence for the acquisition of different types of sugars by wild caught sandflies is reviewed and the recent results summarised. studies on phlebotomus ariasi, p. perfiliewi and p. perniciosus in the mediterranean region has shown that these sandflies take honeydew derived sugars from aphids or coccids; in a similar study in the new world, lutzomyia peruensis has also been shown to have taken sugar from such sources. the use of high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) as a technique fo ... | 1991 | 1841240 |
| ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 20. dispersal of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 as a factor in the spread of visceral leishmaniasis in the cévennes. | the dispersal of phlebotomus ariasi was studied in mark-release-recapture experiments in the summer of 1980 in a valley on the north-eastern slopes of the oiselette range in the cévennes mountains, in the commune of roquedur, gard, 50 km north of montpellier, france. more than 5,000 specimens of p. ariasi were marked with fluorescent powders and released in 9 batches at 3 different places. seven batches were engorged females and two were unengorged females and males. from 1-29 days after release ... | 1984 | 6524821 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in south france. 17. sampling of phlebotomus by the method of adhesive traps. comparison with the technic of capture on human bait]. | in the analysis of the ecology of foci of leishmaniasis in the south of france, a comparison was made of two methods of sampling the vector: the technique of oiled paper traps and of hand-catching off human bait. the techniques, used in parallel in a rural site (cévennes) and in an urban site (built up areas in marseilles) gave comparable results. in the cévennes focus of visceral leishmaniasis, phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 is the dominant sandfly; in the urban focus, it is replaced by phleb ... | 1982 | 7168533 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in southern france. 18. enzymatic identification of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, isolated from phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921, spontaneously infected in the cévennes]. | out of 187 female phlebotomus ariasi caught in the cévennes focus of leishmaniasis 3 were found naturally infected with leishmania. the infection in one of the three had spread from the midgut to the pharynx and proboscis. stocks of leishmania were isolated from two of the flies and 8 isoenzymes were examined. the newly isolated parasites were found to be indistinguishable from zymodeme 1 of leishmania infantum s. st. | 1984 | 6486620 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 13. middle slopes of hillsides as sites of maximum risk of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in the cévennes (author's transl)]. | in the cévennes, the distribution of canine leishmaniasis and, therefore, of human visceral leishmaniasis is usually on the middle slopes of hillsides. from previous work, it was assumed that the reason is that the same places are the preferred habitats of the sandfly vector, phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921. an investigation was made throughout one season (13.05.1977 to 7.10.1977) of the comparative densities of sandflies at different altitudes on two opposite sides of a selected hill (le massi ... | 1980 | 7458169 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 15. the gonotrophic cycles in nature of phlebotomus ariasi and p. mascittii in the cévennes. epidemiological significance (author's transl)]. | the number of gonotrophic cycles of phlebotomine sandflies in a leishmaniasis focus in the cévennes was determined by the examination of the ovaries. the method was to count the number of dilatations on the ovariolar stalks which showed how many times the females had laid eggs. it was found that females of p. ariasi undergo at least three gonotrophic cycles. from mid-june at the beginning of the season, until the middle of august the proportion of parous females was low. after this time until th ... | 1980 | 7469306 |
| distribution of phlebotomine sandflies, of the subgenus larroussius, in morocco. | adult sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) of the genus phlebotomus and of the subgenus larroussius were collected with sticky traps from thirty-four localities in central and south-western morocco. four larroussius species were present in this area, phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, being the most widespread and abundant species particularly in the mountainous area, was sympatric with the closely related species phlebotomus longicuspis nitzulescu. only one male of p. perniciosus displayed the bifid ... | 2005 | 15752186 |
| [new localizations in france of phlebotomus ariasi, p. mascittii and sergentomyia minuta (diptera-phlebotomidae)]. | | 1985 | 4062176 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 5. comparative infectious ability of the different forms of canine leishmaniasis as related to phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir 1921]. | | 1972 | 4565489 |
| [new french foci for phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir 1921. p. perniciosus rondani 1843, p. mascittii grassi 1908 et p. minutus rondani 1843]. | | 1962 | 13974026 |
| isoenzymatic analysis of 712 strains of leishmania infantum in the south of france and relationship of enzymatic polymorphism to clinical and epidemiological features. | in the south of france, leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum occurs in the following five foci of endemicity (from west to east): pyrénées-orientales, cévennes, provence, côte d'azur, and corsica. between 1981 and 2002, 712 leishmania strains obtained from humans, dogs, cats, and sand flies were studied by isoenzyme analysis. in total, seven zymodemes were identified: mon-1, mon-11, mon-24, mon-29, mon-33, mon-34, and mon-108. the pyrénées-orientales focus is characterized by a predominance ... | 2004 | 15364993 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 21. influence of temperature on the development of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908 in phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921. experimental study]. | the influence of temperature on the life-cycle of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908 (isolated from a dog in the cévennes) in a known vector (phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921) was studied with special reference to the proportion of flies infected and the intensity and localization of parasites in the sandfly. wild female sandflies were caught at night by active searches and were put with a heavily infected dog in a mosquito net on the night of capture. on the following morning, engorged females w ... | 1985 | 4062175 |
| comparative salivary gland transcriptomics of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis. | immune responses to sandfly saliva have been shown to protect animals against leishmania infection. yet very little is known about the molecular characteristics of salivary proteins from different sandflies, particularly from vectors transmitting visceral leishmaniasis, the fatal form of the disease. further knowledge of the repertoire of these salivary proteins will give us insights into the molecular evolution of these proteins and will help us select relevant antigens for the development of a ... | 2006 | 16539713 |
| leishmaniasis in portugal: enzyme polymorphism of leishmania infantum based on the identification of 213 strains. | this study reports isoenzyme polymorphism of leishmania strains isolated in different regions of portugal between 1982 and 2005. a total of 213 strains were obtained from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis isolated from immunocompetent patients (adults and children) and immunocompromised adults, as well as from dogs and sandflies. four zymodemes were identified: mon-1, mon-24, mon-29 and mon-80. zymodeme mon-1 was identified in 96.7% of the strains, predominating in both immunocompete ... | 2006 | 17054751 |
| mark-release-recapture of sand flies fed on leishmanial dogs: the natural life-cycle of leishmania infantum in phlebotomus ariasi. | wild-caught phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir permitted to feed on dogs infected with leishmania infantum nicolle were marked with fluorescent powder and released into their natural habitat in an uninhabited area of the cévennes in southern france. over a period of 29 days after release, 253 females were recaptured with cdc miniature light traps or by active search at night with portable uv lamps. the ovaries and infections in the alimentary tract were then examined. the females oviposited 6 nights aft ... | 2002 | 12404811 |
| from transcriptome to immunome: identification of dth inducing proteins from a phlebotomus ariasi salivary gland cdna library. | delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response to arthropod vector salivary proteins is associated with protection against pathogen transmission. massive cdna sequencing, high-throughput dna plasmid construction and dna immunisation were used to identify twelve dth inducing proteins isolated from a phlebotomus ariasi salivary gland cdna library. additionally, nine p. ariasi dna plasmids produced specific anti-saliva antibodies, four of these showed a th1 immune response while the other two exhibit ... | 2006 | 16154670 |
| the laboratory colonization of phlebotomus ariasi (diptera: psychodidae). | | 1987 | 3662336 |
| transmission of leishmania metacyclic promastigotes by phlebotomine sand flies. | a thorough understanding of the transmission mechanism of any infectious agent is crucial to implementing an effective intervention strategy. here, our current understanding of the mechanisms that leishmania parasites use to ensure their transmission from sand fly vectors by bite is reviewed. the most important mechanism is the creation of a "blocked fly" resulting from the secretion of promastigote secretory gel (psg) by the parasites in the anterior midgut. this forces the sand fly to regurgit ... | 2007 | 17517415 |
| national assessment of human health effects of climate change in portugal: approach and key findings. | in this study we investigated the potential impact of climate change in portugal on heat-related mortality, air pollution-related health effects, and selected vectorborne diseases. the assessment used climate scenarios from two regional climate models for a range of future time periods. the annual heat-related death rates in lisbon may increase from between 5.4 and 6 per 100,000 in 1980-1998 to between 8.5 and 12.1 by the 2020s and to a maximum of 29.5 by the 2050s, if no adaptations occur. the ... | 2006 | 17185290 |
| protection against mycobacterium ulcerans lesion development by exposure to aquatic insect saliva. | buruli ulcer is a severe human skin disease caused by mycobacterium ulcerans. this disease is primarily diagnosed in west africa with increasing incidence. antimycobacterial drug therapy is relatively effective during the preulcerative stage of the disease, but surgical excision of lesions with skin grafting is often the ultimate treatment. the mode of transmission of this mycobacterium species remains a matter of debate, and relevant interventions to prevent this disease lack (i) the proper und ... | 2007 | 17326707 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in southern france. 9. sampling methods in the study and analysis of canine enzootic leishmaniasis]. | an account is given of the fundamental methods used on an investigation of the canine enzootic of leshmaniasis in the cévennes. the objective was to determine the relationship between the prevalence of infection on dogs and the density of the sandfly vector. the basis of the work was a phyto-ecological map of the two parameters. the results are of epidemiological interest as a logical approach which enable comparisons to be made between ecologically homogeneous sectors or strata. in each stratu ... | 1978 | 677709 |
| [phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911 naturally infected by promastigotes in the region of nice (france)]. | the authors report the results of investigations in nice from july, 16 to august, 3, 1991. the 2,098 phlebotomes captured represent three species: phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus ariasi and sergentomyia minuta. two species: p. perniciosus and p. ariasi are infected with promastigotes. about 4% of dissected females are parasited. this is the first description in france of p. perniciosus infected. | 1992 | 1292799 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 11. canine leishmaniasis: successful experimental transmission from dog to dog by the bite of phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921 (author's transl)]. | as part of a study of visceral leishmaniasis in the cévennes in southern france, an infection was transmitted from dog to dog by the bite of a single sandfly, phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921. the role of this species as a vector, suspected from earlier studies, is, therefore, confirmed. twenty female sandflies, which had engorged on a naturally infected dog 23 +/- 2 days previously were put with a healthy dog which, after an incubation period of 15 months, developed viscero-cutaneous leishmania ... | 1979 | 533108 |
| high degree of conservancy among secreted salivary gland proteins from two geographically distant phlebotomus duboscqi sandflies populations (mali and kenya). | salivary proteins from sandflies are potential targets for exploitation as vaccines to control leishmania infection; in this work we tested the hypothesis that salivary proteins from geographically distant phlebotomus duboscqi sandfly populations are highly divergent due to the pressure exerted by the host immune response. salivary gland cdna libraries were prepared from wild-caught p. duboscqi from mali and recently colonised flies of the same species from kenya. | 2006 | 16952314 |
| sand flies, leishmania, and transcriptome-borne solutions. | sand fly-parasite and sand fly-host interactions play an important role in the transmission of leishmaniasis. vector molecules relevant for such interactions include midgut and salivary proteins. these potential targets for interruption of propagation of leishmania parasites have been poorly characterized. transcriptomic analysis has proven to be an effective tool for identification of new sand fly molecules, providing exciting new insights into vector-based control strategies against leishmania ... | 2009 | 18768167 |
| immunity to distinct sand fly salivary proteins primes the anti-leishmania immune response towards protection or exacerbation of disease. | leishmania parasites are transmitted in the presence of sand fly saliva. together with the parasite, the sand fly injects biologically active salivary components that favorably change the environment at the feeding site. exposure to bites or to salivary proteins results in immunity specific to these components. mice immunized with phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland homogenate (sgh) or pre-exposed to uninfected bites were protected against leishmania major infection delivered by needle inoculati ... | 2008 | 18414648 |
| differentiation and gene flow among european populations of leishmania infantum mon-1. | leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the mediterranean region, south america, and china. mon-1 l. infantum is the predominating zymodeme in all endemic regions, both in humans and dogs, the reservoir host. in order to answer important epidemiological questions it is essential to discriminate strains of mon-1. | 2008 | 18612461 |
| sandfly fever sicilian virus, algeria. | to determine whether sandfly fever sicilian virus (sfsv) is present in algeria, we tested sandflies for phlebovirus rna. a sequence closely related to that of sfsv was detected in a phlebotomus ariasi sandfly. of 60 human serum samples, 3 contained immunoglobulin g against sfsv. these data suggest sfsv is present in algeria. | 2008 | 18439364 |
| massilia virus, a novel phlebovirus (bunyaviridae) isolated from sandflies in the mediterranean. | a new virus was isolated from three independent pools of phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies (diptera; psychodidae) trapped in two regions of southeastern france, located 90 miles apart. microscopic, antigenic and genetic analyses indicate that this novel virus belongs to the genus phlebovirus in the family bunyaviridae. the new virus is designated massilia virus since the first isolate was obtained from sandflies collected in the suburban area of marseille. the complete genome sequence was determ ... | 2009 | 19055373 |
| analysis of salivary transcripts and antigens of the sand fly phlebotomus arabicus. | sand fly saliva plays an important role in blood feeding and leishmania transmission as it was shown to increase parasite virulence. on the other hand, immunity to salivary components impedes the establishment of infection. therefore, it is most desirable to gain a deeper insight into the composition of saliva in sand fly species which serve as vectors of various forms of leishmaniases. in the present work, we focused on phlebotomus (adlerius) arabicus, which was recently shown to transmit leish ... | 2009 | 19555500 |
| punique virus, a novel phlebovirus, related to sandfly fever naples virus, isolated from sandflies collected in tunisia. | sandflies are widely distributed around the mediterranean basin. therefore, human populations in this area are potentially exposed to sandfly-transmitted diseases, including those caused by phleboviruses. whilst there are substantial data in countries located in the northern part of the mediterranean basin, few data are available for north africa. in this study, a total of 1489 sandflies were collected in 2008 in tunisia from two sites, bioclimatically distinct, located 235 km apart, and identif ... | 2010 | 20089800 |
| functional characterization of a salivary apyrase from the sand fly, phlebotomus duboscqi, a vector of leishmania major. | two transcripts coding for proteins homologous to apyrases were identified by massive sequencing of a phlebotomus (p.) duboscqi salivary gland cdna library. the sequence analysis revealed that the amino acids important for enzymatic activity including nucleotidase activity and the binding of calcium and nucleotides were well conserved in these molecules. a recombinant p. duboscqi salivary apyrase was expressed in escherichia coli and purified. the resulting protein efficiently hydrolyzed adp and ... | 2009 | 19651132 |
| insight into the sialome of the black fly, simulium vittatum. | adaptation to vertebrate blood feeding includes development of a salivary "magic potion" that can disarm host hemostasis and inflammatory reactions. within the lower diptera, a vertebrate blood-sucking mode evolved in the psychodidae (sand flies), culicidae (mosquitoes), ceratopogonidae (biting midges), simuliidae (black flies), and the frog-feeding corethrellidae. sialotranscriptome analyses from several species of mosquitoes and sand flies and from one biting midge indicate divergence in the e ... | 2009 | 19166301 |
| environmental risk mapping of canine leishmaniasis in france. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377867 |
| canine babesiosis in northern portugal and molecular characterization of vector-borne co-infections. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377861 |
| canine leishmaniasis in southeastern spain. | to examine prevalence changes and risk factors for canine leishmaniasis, we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study and a survey during april-june 2006. seroprevalence had increased at the meso-mediterranean bioclimatic level over 22 years. risk was highest for dogs that were older, large, lived outside, and lived at the meso-mediterranean level. | 2009 | 19402973 |
| sand fly salivary proteins induce strong cellular immunity in a natural reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis with adverse consequences for leishmania. | immunity to a sand fly salivary protein protects against visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in hamsters. this protection was associated with the development of cellular immunity in the form of a delayed-type hypersensitivity response and the presence of ifn-gamma at the site of sand fly bites. to date, there are no data available regarding the cellular immune response to sand fly saliva in dogs, the main reservoirs of vl in latin america, and its role in protection from this fatal disease. two of 35 sa ... | 2009 | 19461875 |
| changing distribution patterns of canine vector borne diseases in italy: leishmaniosis vs. dirofilariosis. | abstract : ecological and climatic changes, human and animal population dynamics are among the several factors that have favoured the spread or the (re)introduction and establishment of "novel" vector species and pathogens they transmit in previously disease-free geographical areas. as key examples of the changing pattern of distribution of canine vector borne diseases (cvbds), the current distribution of canine leishmaniosis (canl) by leishmania infantum and dirofilariosis by dirofilaria immiti ... | 2009 | 19426441 |
| the potential effects of global warming on changes in canine leishmaniasis in a focus outside the classical area of the disease in southern france. | in 1994, an ecoepidemiologic study was carried out in the mid-ariège valley (french pyrenees) where autochthonous cases of canine leishmaniasis had been previously reported. serologic samples were collected from 336 dogs in two groups of villages. the seroprevalences were 11.67% in the valley villages and only 1.43% in the foothill villages. five lymph node biopsies were taken from serologically positive dogs, and resultant isolates were identified as leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-1. phleboto ... | 2009 | 19271999 |
| genetic structure of phlebotomus (larroussius) ariasi populations, the vector of leishmania infantum in the western mediterranean: epidemiological implications. | in recent years there has been growing interest in analyzing the geographical variations between populations of different phlebotomus spp. by comparing the sequences of various genes. however, little is known about the genetic structure of phlebotomus ariasi. in this study, we were able to sequence a fragment of the mitochondrial cyt b gene in 133 sandflies morphologically identified as p. ariasi and proceeding from a wide geographical range covering 35 locations in 11 different regions from fiv ... | 2010 | 20451525 |
| plasmodium falciparum: nitric oxide modulates heme speciation in isolated food vacuoles. | nitric oxide (no) and no-derived reactive nitrogen species (rns) are present in the food vacuole (fv) of plasmodium falciparum trophozoites. the product of pfl1555w, a putative cytochrome b(5), localizes in the fv membrane, similar to what was previously observed for the product of pf13_0353, a putative cytochrome b(5) reductase. these two gene products may contribute to no generation by denitrification chemistry from nitrate and/or nitrite present in the erythrocyte cytosol. the possible coordi ... | 2011 | 20493843 |
| immunity to lutzomyia intermedia saliva modulates the inflammatory environment induced by leishmania braziliensis. | during blood feeding, sand flies inject leishmania parasites in the presence of saliva. the types and functions of cells present at the first host-parasite contact are critical to the outcome on infection and sand fly saliva has been shown to play an important role in this setting. herein, we investigated the in vivo chemotactic effects of lutzomyia intermedia saliva, the vector of leishmania braziliensis, combined or not with the parasite. | 2010 | 20559550 |
| multiple genetic divergences and population expansions of a mediterranean sandfly, phlebotomus ariasi, in europe during the pleistocene glacial cycles. | phlebotomus ariasi is one of the two sandflies transmitting the causative agent of zoonotic leishmaniasis, leishmania infantum, in france and iberia, and provides a rare case study of the postglacial re-colonization of france by a mediterranean species. four dna sequences were analysed-mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b), nuclear elongation factor-1α (ef-1α) and two anonymous nuclear loci-for 14-15 french populations and single populations from northeast spain, northwest spain, portugal and moroc ... | 2011 | 20736970 |
| molecular and serological evidence for the presence of novel phleboviruses in sandflies from northern algeria. | during summer 2007, a total of 785 phlebotomine flies were trapped in northern algeria, identified morphologically, organised as monospecific pools and tested for the presence of phlebovirus rna using degenerate primers. three pools were positive, and the corresponding pcr products were cloned and sequenced. viral sequences corresponding to two phleboviruses distinct from each other were detected in sandflies circulating in two close locations (140 km apart) in northern algeria. the 3 sequences ... | 2010 | 20563287 |
| plasmodium falciparum: food vacuole localization of nitric oxide-derived species in intraerythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite. | nitric oxide (no) has diverse biological functions. numerous studies have documented no's biosynthetic pathway in a wide variety of organisms. little is known, however, about no production in intraerythrocytic plasmodium falciparum. using diaminorhodamine-4-methyl acetoxymethylester (dar-4m am), a fluorescent indicator, we obtained direct evidence of no and no-derived reactive nitrogen species (rns) production in intraerythrocytic p. falciparum parasites, as well as in isolated food vacuoles fro ... | 2008 | 18504040 |
| the salivary secretome of the biting midge, culicoides sonorensis. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous insects with over 1400 species distributed throughout the world. many of these species are of particular agricultural importance as primary vectors of bluetongue and schmallenberg viruses, yet little is known about culicoides genomics and proteomics. detailed studies of members from other blood-feeding dipteran families, including those of mosquito (culicidae) and black fly (simuliidae), have shown that protein components with ... | 2014 | 24949243 |
| integrated mapping of establishment risk for emerging vector-borne infections: a case study of canine leishmaniasis in southwest france. | zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in the mediterranean basin, where the dog is the main reservoir host. the disease's causative agent, leishmania infantum, is transmitted by blood-feeding female sandflies. this paper reports an integrative study of canine leishmaniasis in a region of france spanning the southwest massif central and the northeast pyrenees, where the vectors are the sandflies phlebotomus ariasi and p. perniciosus. | 2011 | 21857899 |
| immunological diversity within a family of cutinase-like proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | secreted proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis play key roles in the assembly of the mycobacterial cell wall, with many being major targets of the host immune response. to date, meaningful characterization of a significant proportion of this important group of proteins is lacking. among the group of putatively secreted proteins of m. tuberculosis are 7 cutinase-like proteins (clp), not previously characterized in terms of their immunogenicity or vaccine protective efficacy. although the clp var ... | 2008 | 18565629 |
| is leishmaniasis widespread in spain? first data on canine leishmaniasis in the province of lleida, catalonia, northeast spain. | canine leishmaniasis (canl) is a widespread disease present in 42 countries. it is considered of epidemiological importance because of its role as a reservoir of human leishmaniasis. knowledge of the real distribution of canl and its emergence and/or re-emergence is of great importance in order to determine the extension of the disease. this work reports the detection of canl in a farm dog located in a pyrenean area of northwest catalonia (spain) where the disease was previously unknown. since t ... | 2011 | 22137192 |
| Epidemiologic relationship between Toscana virus infection and Leishmania infantum due to common exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus sandfly vector. | Sand flies are recognised vectors of parasites in the genus Leishmania and a number of arthropod-borne viruses, in particular viruses within the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. In southern France, Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV) is recognized as a prominent cause of summer meningitis. Since Leishmania and TOSV have a common vector (Phlebotomus perniciosus), an epidemiologic link has been assumed for a long time. However, there is no scientific evidence of such a link between human leishmanios ... | 2011 | 21949894 |
| Combining climatic projections and dispersal ability: a method for estimating the responses of sandfly vector species to climate change. | BACKGROUND: In the Old World, sandfly species of the genus Phlebotomus are known vectors of Leishmania, Bartonella and several viruses. Recent sandfly catches and autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis hint on spreading tendencies of the vectors towards Central Europe. However, studies addressing potential future distribution of sandflies in the light of a changing European climate are missing. METHODOLOGY: Here, we modelled bioclimatic envelopes using MaxEnt for five species with proven or assum ... | 2011 | 22140590 |
| structure and function of a "yellow" protein from saliva of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis that confers protective immunity against leishmania major infection. | ljm11, an abundant salivary protein from the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis, belongs to the insect yellow family of proteins. in this study, we immunized mice with 17 plasmids encoding lu. longiplapis salivary proteins and demonstrated that ljm11 confers protective immunity against leishmania major infection. this protection correlates with a strong induction of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response following exposure to lu. longipalpis saliva. additionally, splenocytes of exposed mice ... | 2011 | 21795673 |
| no recent adaptive selection on the apyrase of mediterranean phlebotomus: implications for using salivary peptides to vaccinate against canine leishmaniasis. | vaccine development is informed by a knowledge of genetic variation among antigen alleles, especially the distribution of positive and balancing selection in populations and species. a combined approach using population genetic and phylogenetic methods to detect selective signatures can therefore be informative for identifying vaccine candidates. parasitic leishmania species cause the disease leishmaniasis in humans and mammalian reservoir hosts after inoculation by female phlebotomine sandflies ... | 2011 | 25568049 |
| immunogenicity and serological cross-reactivity of saliva proteins among different tsetse species. | tsetse are vectors of pathogenic trypanosomes, agents of human and animal trypanosomiasis in africa. components of tsetse saliva (sialome) are introduced into the mammalian host bite site during the blood feeding process and are important for tsetse's ability to feed efficiently, but can also influence disease transmission and serve as biomarkers for host exposure. we compared the sialome components from four tsetse species in two subgenera: subgenus morsitans: glossina morsitans morsitans (gmm) ... | 2015 | 26313460 |
| an insight into the sialome of blood-feeding nematocera. | within the diptera and outside the suborder brachycera, the blood-feeding habit occurred at least twice, producing the present day sand flies, and the culicomorpha, including the mosquitoes (culicidae), black flies (simulidae), biting midges (ceratopogonidae) and frog feeding flies (corethrellidae). alternatives to this scenario are also discussed. successful blood-feeding requires adaptations to antagonize the vertebrate's mechanisms of blood clotting, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, pa ... | 2010 | 20728537 |
| incrimination of phlebotomus kandelakii and phlebotomus balcanicus as vectors of leishmania infantum in tbilisi, georgia. | a survey of potential vector sand flies was conducted in the neighboring suburban communities of vake and mtatsminda districts in an active focus of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in tbilisi, georgia. using light and sticky-paper traps, 1,266 male and 1,179 female sand flies were collected during 2006-2008. five phlebotomus species of three subgenera were collected: phlebotomus balcanicus theodor and phlebotomus halepensis theodor of the subgenus adlerius; phlebotomus kandelakii shchurenkova and ph ... | 2012 | 22509422 |
| selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses. | arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ... | 2016 | 27455096 |
| seasonal trends and spatial relations between environmental/meteorological factors and leishmaniosis sand fly vector abundances in central spain. | this paper reports on an entomological survey performed over the period 2006-2008 in central spain (mainly in the madrid province) where canine leishmaniosis (canl) is endemic. the study area was selected on the grounds of its wide altitude range, which determines both broad climate and vegetation ranges that could affect sand fly distributions. this area was surveyed from ne to sw across its mountain range (sistema central) and plateau area using sticky traps mainly on embankments. in 2006 and ... | 2010 | 20171154 |
| canine and feline vector-borne diseases in italy: current situation and perspectives. | in italy, dogs and cats are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. ticks, fleas, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized vectors of pathogens affecting cats and dogs, some of which (e.g., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, dipylidium caninum, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and dirofilaria repens) are of zoonotic concern. recent studies have highlighted the potential of fleas as vectors ... | 2010 | 20145730 |
| ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 22. reliability and representativeness of 12 phlebotomus ariasi, p. perniciosus and sergentomyia minuta (diptera: psychodidae) sampling stations in vallespir (eastern french pyrenees region). | this study was conducted around céret (pyrénées-orientales, mean elevation 200 m) to test the statistical reliability of 12 stations devoted to sampling the leishmania infantum vectors phlebotomus ariasi and p. perniciosus in the south of france. each station included a retaining wall and the surrounding phytoecological environment (total area: 2,000 m(2)). the wall had rectangular drainage cavities (weep holes) in which flight interception traps (sticky paper) were inserted and stretched every ... | 2013 | 24112589 |
| limits of a rapid identification of common mediterranean sandflies using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. | a total of 131 phlebotomine algerian sandflies have been processed in the present study. they belong to the species phlebotomus bergeroti, phlebotomus alexandri, phlebotomus sergenti, phlebotomus chabaudi, phlebotomus riouxi, phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus longicuspis, phlebotomus perfiliewi, phlebotomus ariasi, phlebotomus chadlii, sergentomyia fallax, sergentomyia minuta, sergentomyia antennata, sergentomyia schwetzi, sergentomyia clydei, sergentomyia christophersi and grassomyia dreyfus ... | 2014 | 24936911 |
| ecology and spatiotemporal dynamics of sandflies in the mediterranean languedoc region (roquedur area, gard, france). | phlebotomine sandflies are hematophagous insects widely present in western mediterranean countries and known for their role as leishmania vectors. during the last ten years, the risk of leishmaniasis re-emergence has increased in france. however, sandfly biology and ecology in the south of france remain poorly known because the last detailed study on their spatiotemporal dynamics was performed over 30 years ago. the aim of the present study was to update our knowledge on sandfly ecology by deter ... | 2015 | 26683841 |
| kinetics of anti-phlebotomus perniciosus saliva antibodies in experimentally bitten mice and rabbits. | sand flies are hematophagous arthropods that act as vectors of leishmania parasites. when hosts are bitten they develop cellular and humoral responses against sand fly saliva. a positive correlation has been observed between the number of bites and antibody levels indicating that anti-saliva antibody response can be used as marker of exposure to sand flies. little is known about kinetics of antibodies against phlebotomus perniciosus salivary gland homogenate (sgh) or recombinant salivary protein ... | 2015 | 26569103 |
| first report of anaplasma platys infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and molecular detection of ehrlichia canis and leishmania infantum in foxes from portugal. | the bacteria anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis and the protozoan leishmania infantum are vector-borne agents that cause canine vector-borne diseases, some of which are zoonotic. the present survey investigated the prevalence of anaplasma, ehrlichia and leishmania in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from portugal by molecular analysis, in order to evaluate the epidemiological role of these canids as reservoirs of infection. | 2015 | 25889750 |
| ecology and morphological variations in wings of phlebotomus ariasi (diptera: psychodidae) in the region of roquedur (gard, france): a geometric morphometrics approach. | phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921, is the predominant sand fly species in the cevennes region and a proven vector of leishmania infantum, which is the main pathogen of visceral and canine leishmaniasis in the south of france. even if this species is widely present in western mediterranean countries, its biology and ecology remain poorly known. the main goals of this work are to investigate the phenotypic variation of p. ariasi at a local scale in a region characterized by climatic and environment ... | 2016 | 27842606 |
| the salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector anopheles darlingi reveals accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy. | mosquito saliva, consisting of a mixture of dozens of proteins affecting vertebrate hemostasis and having sugar digestive and antimicrobial properties, helps both blood and sugar meal feeding. culicine and anopheline mosquitoes diverged ~150 mya, and within the anophelines, the new world species diverged from those of the old world ~95 mya. while the sialotranscriptome (from the greek sialo, saliva) of several species of the cellia subgenus of anopheles has been described thoroughly, no detailed ... | 2009 | 19178717 |
| morphological keys for the identification of italian phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae). | phlebotomine sand flies are small blood-feeding insects of great medical and veterinary significance. their identification relies basically on the microscopic examination of key morphological characters. therefore, identification keys are fundamental to any researcher dealing with these insects. the italian fauna of phlebotomine sand flies consists of eight species (phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus perfiliewi, phlebotomus ariasi, phlebotomus neglectus, phlebotomus papatasi, phlebotomus masci ... | 2014 | 25323537 |
| effects of temperature and photoperiod on daily activity rhythms of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae). | insect vectors have been established as models in chronobiology for many decades, and recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the circadian clock machinery, daily rhythms of activity and vectorial capacity. lutzomyia longipalpis, the primary vector of leishmania (leishmania) infantum in the new world, is reported to have crepuscular/nocturnal activity in the wild. however, most of these studies applied hourly cdc trap captures, which is a good indicative of l. longipalpis b ... | 2014 | 24947114 |
| comparative analysis of salivary gland transcriptomes of phlebotomus orientalis sand flies from endemic and non-endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis. | in east africa, phlebotomus orientalis serves as the main vector of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). phlebotomus orientalis is present at two distant localities in ethiopia; addis zemen where vl is endemic and melka werer where transmission of vl does not occur. to find out whether the difference in epidemiology of vl is due to distant compositions of p. orientalis saliva we established colonies from addis zemen and melka werer, analyzed and compared the t ... | 2014 | 24587463 |
| genetic diversity and structure in leishmania infantum populations from southeastern europe revealed by microsatellite analysis. | the dynamic re-emergence of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in south europe and the northward shift to leishmania-free european countries are well-documented. however, the epidemiology of vl due to leishmania infantum in southeastern (se) europe and the balkans is inadequately examined. herein, we aim to re-evaluate and compare the population structure of l. infantum in se and southwestern (sw) europe. | 2013 | 24308691 |
| molecular and immunogenic properties of apyrase sp01b and d7-related sp04 recombinant salivary proteins of phlebotomus perniciosus from madrid, spain. | sand fly salivary proteins are on the spotlight to become vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis and to markers of exposure to sand fly bites due to the host immune responses they elicit. working with the whole salivary homogenate entails serious drawbacks such as the need for maintaining sand fly colonies and the laborious task of glands dissection. in order to overcome these difficulties, producing recombinant proteins of different vectors has become a major task. in this study, a cdna libra ... | 2013 | 24171166 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leishmania infantum and toxoplasma gondii in horses from the north of portugal. | leishmania infantum and toxoplasma gondii are protozoa with zoonotic and economic importance. prevalences of antibodies to these agents were assessed in 173 horses from the north of portugal. | 2013 | 23773870 |
| the first detection of leishmania major in naturally infected sergentomyia minuta in portugal. | phlebotomine sandflies of the genus sergentomyia are widely distributed throughout the old world. it has been suggested that sergentomyia spp are involved in the transmission of leishmania in india and africa, whereas phlebotomus spp are thought to be the sole vectors of leishmania in the old world. in this study, leishmania major dna was detected in one sergentomyia minuta specimen that was collected in the southern region of portugal. this study challenges the dogma that leishmania is exclusiv ... | 0 | 23828004 |
| leishmania infection and host-blood feeding preferences of phlebotomine sandflies and canine leishmaniasis in an endemic european area, the algarve region in portugal. | the algarve region (ar) in southern portugal, which is an international tourist destination, has been considered an endemic region of zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum since the 1980s. in the present study, phlebotomine and canine surveys were conducted to identify sandfly blood meal sources and to update the occurrence of leishmania infection in vectors and dogs. four sandfly species were captured: phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus ariasi, phlebotomus sergenti and sergento ... | 0 | 23827997 |
| natural infection of synathropic rodent species mus musculus and rattus norvegicus by leishmania infantum in sesimbra and sintra--portugal. | canine leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is a parasitic zoonotic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae). genus phlebotomus is the biological vector in the old world and lutzomyia in the new world. the dog is the domestic reservoir host but other animals like the fox (vulpes vulpes) and rodents are known to maintain the infection in both sylvatic and domestic cycles. | 2013 | 23566789 |
| updating the salivary gland transcriptome of phlebotomus papatasi (tunisian strain): the search for sand fly-secreted immunogenic proteins for humans. | sand fly saliva plays an important role in both blood feeding and outcome of leishmania infection. a cellular immune response against a phlebotomus papatasi salivary protein was shown to protect rodents against leishmania major infection. in humans, p. papatasi salivary proteins induce a systemic cellular immune response as well as a specific antisaliva humoral immune response, making these salivary proteins attractive targets as markers of exposure for this leishmania vector. surprisingly, the ... | 2012 | 23139741 |
| heterogeneity of environments associated with transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in south-eastern france and implication for control strategies. | visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum is currently spreading into new foci across europe. leishmania infantum transmission in the old world was reported to be strongly associated with a few specific environments. environmental changes due to global warming or human activity were therefore incriminated in the spread of the disease. however, comprehensive studies were lacking to reliably identify all the environments at risk and thereby optimize monitoring and control strategy. | 2012 | 22880142 |
| current situation of leishmania infantum infection in shelter dogs in northern spain. | canine leishmaniosis (canl) caused by leishmania infantum is a widespread endemic disease in the mediterranean basin, though, so far, the north of spain has been considered a non-endemic area. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of specific antibodies to l. infantum among stray dogs living in shelters in this area, and to evaluate the clinical status (both clinical signs and clinico-pathological abnormalities) of seropositive dogs. besides l. infantum infection, the epid ... | 2012 | 22452948 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in jura, france. | | 0 | 22257720 |
| pathogenic landscapes: interactions between land, people, disease vectors, and their animal hosts. | landscape attributes influence spatial variations in disease risk or incidence. we present a review of the key findings from eight case studies that we conducted in europe and west africa on the impact of land changes on emerging or re-emerging vector-borne diseases and/or zoonoses. the case studies concern west nile virus transmission in senegal, tick-borne encephalitis incidence in latvia, sandfly abundance in the french pyrenees, rift valley fever in the ferlo (senegal), west nile fever and t ... | 2010 | 20979609 |
| distribution of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in andorra: first finding of p. perniciosus and wide distribution of p. ariasi. | during july 2007 sand fly captures were carried out in andorra using sticky castor oil traps set in sand fly resting places for four consecutive nights. the sampling stations were located between 800 and 2400m above sea level. the specimens captured belong to two species of the genus phlebotomus subgenus larroussius, phlebotomus ariasi and phlebotomus perniciosus. the results shed new light on the wide geographical and altitudinal distribution of p. ariasi in andorra, where it was located betwee ... | 2011 | 22154881 |
| phleboviruses detection in phlebotomus perniciosus from a human leishmaniasis focus in south-west madrid region, spain. | phlebotomus-borne (phb-) viruses are distributed in large areas of the old world and are widespread throughout the mediterranean basin, where recent investigations have indicated that virus diversity is higher than initially suspected. some of these viruses are causes of meningitis, encephalitis and febrile illnesses. in order to monitor the viral presence and the infection rate of phb-viruses in a recently identified and well characterized human zoonotic leishmaniasis focus in southwestern madr ... | 2016 | 27075742 |
| mapping the current distribution and predicted spread of the leishmaniosis sand fly vector in the madrid region (spain) based on environmental variables and expected climate change. | leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is a widespread zoonotic disease that is endemic in the mediterranean basin. based on prior point abundance data for the two sand fly vectors of leishmaniosis in the madrid region (phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus ariasi), models were constructed to predict the spatial distribution patterns of these vectors. the models were obtained by negative binomial regression of several environmental variables and then used to map vector distributions. to v ... | 2011 | 21417927 |