| experimental transmission of japanese encephalitis virus through anopheles tessellatus and culex fatigans mosquitoes. | | 1977 | 203526 |
| host immunity to mosquitoes: effect of antimosquito antibodies on anopheles tessellatus and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | rabbit antibodies to antigens derived from the tissues of sugar-fed anopheles tessellatus theobald were fed to an. tessellatus and culex quinquefasciatus say in blood meals. these antibodies tended to reduce the number of eggs produced by an. tessellatus, but had no effect on the fecundity of cx. quinquefasciatus. ingestion of the rabbit antibodies did not detectably affect the mortality of an. tessellatus but increased the mortality of cx. quinquefasciatus. the results provide preliminary evide ... | 1992 | 1460631 |
| sri lanka malaria maps. | despite a relatively good national case reporting system in sri lanka, detailed maps of malaria distribution have not been publicly available. | 2003 | 12914667 |
| the resting sites and blood-meal sources of anopheles minimus in taiwan. | the who declared taiwan free from malaria in 1965, but in 2003 the reporting of two introduced cases in a rural area suggested a possible local transmission of this disease. therefore, understanding the resting sites and the blood sources of anopheles minimus is crucial in order to provide information for implementing vector control strategies. | 2008 | 18538036 |
| malaria transmission and vector behaviour in a forested malaria focus in central vietnam and the implications for vector control. | in vietnam, malaria is becoming progressively restricted to specific foci where human and vector characteristics alter the known malaria epidemiology, urging for alternative or adapted control strategies. long-lasting insecticidal hammocks (llih) were designed and introduced in ninh thuan province, south-central vietnam, to control malaria in the specific context of forest malaria. an entomological study in this specific forested environment was conducted to assess the behavioural patterns of fo ... | 2010 | 21182774 |
| mosquitoes of western yunnan province, china: seasonal abundance, diversity, and arbovirus associations. | the western borderland between yunnan province, china, and myanmar is characterized by a climate that facilitates year-round production of mosquitoes. numerous mosquito-transmitted viruses, including japanese encephalitis virus circulate in this area. this project was to describe seasonal patterns in mosquito species abundance and arbovirus activity in the mosquito populations. | 2013 | 24146951 |
| species composition, seasonal occurrence, habitat preference and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other disease vectors in eastern nepal. | it is increasingly recognized that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases (vbds) with shifts of disease vectors to higher altitudes and latitudes. in particular, an increasing risk of malaria and dengue fever epidemics in tropical highlands and temperate regions has been predicted in different climate change scenarios. the aim of this paper is to expand the current knowledge on the seasonal occurrence and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other dise ... | 2014 | 25430654 |
| revised morphological identification key to the larval anopheline (diptera: culicidae) of sri lanka. | to revise morphological identification keys to the anophelines in sri lanka. | 0 | 25183086 |
| effects of microclimate condition changes due to land use and land cover changes on the survivorship of malaria vectors in china-myanmar border region. | in the past decade, developing countries have been experiencing rapid land use and land cover changes, including deforestation and cultivation of previously forested land. however, little is known about the impact of deforestation and land-use changes on the life history of malaria vectors and their effects on malaria transmission. this study examined the effects of deforestation and crop cultivation on the adult survivorship of major malaria mosquitoes, anopheles sinensis and an. minimus in the ... | 2016 | 27171475 |
| 'nature or nurture': survival rate, oviposition interval, and possible gonotrophic discordance among south east asian anophelines. | mosquito survival, oviposition interval and gonotrophic concordance are important determinants of vectorial capacity. these may vary between species or within a single species depending on the environment. they may be estimated by examination of the ovaries of host-seeking mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27405767 |
| determination of the foraging behaviour and blood meal source of malaria vector mosquitoes in trincomalee district of sri lanka using a multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay. | studies of host preference patterns in blood-feeding anopheline mosquitoes are crucial to incriminating malaria vectors. however, little information is available on host preferences of anopheles mosquitoes in sri lanka. | 2016 | 27118141 |
| change of strategy is required for malaria elimination: a case study in purworejo district, central java province, indonesia. | malaria has been targeted for elimination from indonesia by 2030, with varying timelines for specific geographical areas based on disease endemicity. the regional deadline for malaria elimination for java island, given the steady decrease of malaria cases, was the end of 2015. purworejo district, a malaria-endemic area in java with an annual parasite incidence (api) of 0.05 per 1,000 population in 2009, aims to enter this elimination stage. this study documents factors that affect incidence and ... | 2015 | 26275822 |
| determination of demographic, epidemiological, and socio-economic determinants and their potential impact on malaria transmission in mannar and trincomalee districts of sri lanka. | malaria was an endemic problem in mannar and trincomalee districts of sri lanka until the recent past. currently, no local case has been found since october 2012. therefore, the present study was conducted to identify existing demographic, epidemiological and socio-cultural factors in mannar and trincomalee districts of sri lanka, since there is limited information available on the potential influence of above variables responsible for low malaria transmission. | 2016 | 27334969 |
| entomologic investigation of plasmodium knowlesi vectors in kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. | the first natural infection of plasmodium knowlesi in humans was recorded in 1965 in peninsular malaysia. extensive research was then conducted and it was postulated that it was a rare incident and that simian malaria will not be easily transmitted to humans. however, at the turn of the 21st century, knowlesi malaria was prevalent throughout southeast asia and is life threatening. thus, a longitudinal study was initiated to determine the vectors, their seasonal variation and preference to humans ... | 2012 | 22727041 |
| anopheles culicifacies breeding in polluted water bodies in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | anopheles culicifacies, the major vector of malaria in sri lanka, is known to breed in clean and clear water. the main objective of the study was to detect the breeding habitat diversity of an. culicifacies. | 2013 | 23958454 |
| outdoor malaria transmission in forested villages of cambodia. | despite progress in malaria control, malaria remains an important public health concern in cambodia, mostly linked to forested areas. large-scale vector control interventions in cambodia are based on the free distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), targeting indoor- and late-biting malaria vectors only. the present study evaluated the vector density, early biting activity and malaria transmission of outdoor-biting malaria vectors in two forested regions in cambodia. | 2013 | 24044424 |
| impact of a spatial repellent on malaria incidence in two villages in sumba, indonesia. | a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effect of spatial repellent (sr) in households at risk of malaria in indonesia. following presumptive radical cure for malaria in 180 adult men representing sentinels of new infection in four clusters within two villages, all households were given either metofluthrin or placebo mosquito coils. weekly blood smear screening and human-landing mosquito catches were done throughout the 6 months intervention. malaria i ... | 2014 | 25311699 |
| entomological investigations on malaria vectors in some war-torn areas in the trincomalee district of sri lanka after settlement of 30-year civil disturbance. | background. malaria was an endemic problem in trincomalee district, eastern province of sri lanka. very few recent data concerning anopheles are available which transmit malaria. therefore, the aim of this study is to identify various anopheles species and the dynamics of anophelines including malaria vectors in trincomalee district for effective vector control under the current malaria elimination program embarked in the country. method. entomological surveys were conducted on a monthly basis, ... | 2015 | 25789195 |
| evidence-based malaria control in timor leste from 2006 to 2012. | malaria has been a major public health problem in the newly established democratic republic of timor leste with over 200,000 cases being reported in 2006 and 2007. the national malaria control programme (nmcp) was established in 2003. the progress made in malaria control in timor leste is reported. | 2015 | 25890294 |
| barrier screens: a method to sample blood-fed and host-seeking exophilic mosquitoes. | determining the proportion of blood meals on humans by outdoor-feeding and resting mosquitoes is challenging. this is largely due to the difficulty of finding an adequate and unbiased sample of resting, engorged mosquitoes to enable the identification of host blood meal sources. this is particularly difficult in the south-west pacific countries of indonesia, the solomon islands and papua new guinea where thick vegetation constitutes the primary resting sites for the exophilic mosquitoes that are ... | 2013 | 23379959 |
| species composition and diversity of malaria vector breeding habitats in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | mosquito larval ecology is important in determining larval densities and species assemblage. this in turn influences malaria transmission in an area. therefore, understanding larval habitat ecology is important in designing malaria control programs. | 2015 | 26583136 |
| cow-baited tents are highly effective in sampling diverse anopheles malaria vectors in cambodia. | the accurate monitoring and evaluation of malaria vectors requires efficient sampling. the objective of this study was to compare methods for sampling outdoor-biting anopheles mosquitoes in cambodia. | 2016 | 27577697 |
| review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in thailand. | physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. the complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. the development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and ... | 2013 | 24294938 |
| mosquito cell line glycoproteins: an unsuitable model system for the plasmodium ookinete-mosquito midgut interaction? | abstract: | 2010 | 20338056 |
| successful sporozoite challenge model in human volunteers with plasmodium vivax strain derived from human donors. | successful establishment of a plasmodium vivax sporozoite challenge model in humans is described. eighteen healthy adult, malaria-naïve volunteers were randomly allocated to groups a-c and exposed to 3 +/- 1, 6 +/- 1, and 9 +/- 1 bites of anopheles albimanus mosquitoes infected with p. vivax, respectively. seventeen volunteers developed signs and symptoms consistent with malaria, and geometric mean prepatent periods of 11.1 days (9.3-11) for group a; 10.8 days (9.8-11.9) for group b; and 10.6 da ... | 2009 | 19861603 |
| multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in sri lanka. | the current status of insecticide resistance and the underlying resistance mechanisms were studied in the major vector of malaria, anopheles culicifacies, and the secondary vector, anopheles subpictus in five districts (anuradhapura, kurunegala, moneragala, puttalam and trincomalee) of sri lanka. eight other anophelines, anopheles annularis, anopheles barbirostris, anopheles jamesii, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles tessellatus, anopheles vagus and anopheles varuna from a ... | 2008 | 18755020 |
| progression of plasmodium berghei through anopheles stephensi is density-dependent. | it is well documented that the density of plasmodium in its vertebrate host modulates the physiological response induced; this in turn regulates parasite survival and transmission. it is less clear that parasite density in the mosquito regulates survival and transmission of this important pathogen. numerous studies have described conversion rates of plasmodium from one life stage to the next within the mosquito, yet few have considered that these rates might vary with parasite density. here we e ... | 2007 | 18166078 |
| mosquito midgut glycoproteins and recognition sites for malaria parasites. | midgut glycoproteins of the malaria vector anopheles tessellatus were partially characterised by gel electrophoresis and lectin binding. specific binding to wheat germ agglutinin (wga) and concanavalin a (con a) indicated the presence of n-linked core oligosaccharides in many proteins. rabbit antibodies were produced against wheat germ agglutinin binding proteins (wgabp). these antibodies also recognised distinct proteins in the peritrophic membrane which is secreted into the midgut to enclose a ... | 1997 | 9247095 |
| mixed-species plasmodium infections of anopheles (diptera:culicidae) | mixed-pathogen infections of vectors rarely are considered in the epidemiological literature, although they may occur in nature. a review of published reports shows that many anopheles species are capable of carrying sporozoites of > 1 plasmodium species, of doing so simultaneously in field conditions, and of acquiring and transmitting these in experimental situations. mixed-species infections in mosquito populations occur at frequencies greater than or equal to the product of the constituent sp ... | 1997 | 9220675 |
| antimidgut antibodies inhibit peritrophic membrane formation in the posterior midgut of anopheles tessellatus (diptera: culicidae). | the effect on midgut structure of feeding rabbit antibodies in a blood meal was investigated in anopheles tessellatus theobald. no detectable ultrastructural changes in midgut cells were observed. however, antimidgut antibodies inhibited formation of the peritrophic membrane in the posterior midgut. the results indicate that a peritrophic membrane in the posterior midgut is not essential for survival of the mosquito after a blood meal or for establishing a plasmodium vivax grassi infection. | 1996 | 8906922 |
| different effects of modulation of mosquito (diptera:culicidae) trypsin activity on the infectivity of two human malaria (hemosporidia:plasmodidae) parasites. | trypsin production in the malaria vector anopheles tessellatus theobald peaks between 12 and 21 h after a blood meal. the presence of leupeptin or soybean trypsin inhibitor in a blood meal delayed the onset of maximal trypsin activity. trypsin inhibitors in an infective blood meal increased the infectivity of plasmodium vivax grassi and decreased infectivity of p. falciparum welch to an tessellatus. the opposite effects of trypsin inhibitors on infectivity of the 2 malaria parasites were attribu ... | 1996 | 8840684 |
| antibodies to anopheles midgut reduce vector competence for plasmodium vivax malaria. | anopheles tessellatus mosquitoes ingested plasmodium vivax gametocytes in human erythrocytes suspended in rabbit sera with and without anti-mosquito midgut antibodies. when the mosquito bloodmeal contained anti-midgut antibodies, fewer oocysts of p.vivax developed on the mosquito midgut and the proportion of mosquitoes becoming infected was significantly reduced. complement inactivated serum also reduced the infection rate and load. a second bloodmeal containing anti-midgut antibodies, given 48 ... | 1995 | 8541583 |
| infectivity of plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum to anopheles tessellatus; relationship between oocyst and sporozoite development. | the assessment of malarial infectivity, for example in the evaluation of transmission blocking immunity, is generally based on counting oocysts in mosquitoes fed on infected blood. ultimate transmission of the disease may, however, depend on the sporozoite load in the mosquito and its relationship to the size of the inoculum introduced to man. we conducted a laboratory study on anopheles tessellatus infected with 108 different natural isolates of plasmodium vivax from patients and 24 of p. falci ... | 1993 | 8465388 |
| anti-gamete antibodies block transmission of human vivax malaria to mosquitoes. | antibodies were raised in rabbits by immunizing against fresh unfixed or cryopreserved female gametes of the human malaria pathogen plasmodium vivax. the antibodies were shown to react with the surface of gametes by the indirect immunofluorescent test. when parasite isolates from p. vivax infected individuals were fed through a membrane to anopheles tessellatus mosquitoes in the presence of immune rabbit sera, they completely blocked the infectivity of the parasite isolates to the vector. immuno ... | 1986 | 3523397 |
| plasmodium cynomolgi: serum-mediated blocking and enhancement of infectivity to mosquitoes during infections in the natural host, macaca sinica. | the infectivity of plasmodium cynomolgi in its natural host, the toque monkey, macaca sinica, to anopheles tessellatus mosquitoes was studied in relation to the evolution of anti-sexual-stage immunity in the host during the course of a blood-induced infection. the effects of serum on the infectivity of gametocytes and the intrinsic infectivity of gametocytes to mosquitoes on each day were assessed in membrane feeding experiments. mosquitoes were also directly fed on the animal on each day. our r ... | 1990 | 2209788 |
| antigenic similarity between the mosquito vectors of malaria and filariasis. | rabbit antisera were raised to the malaria vector anopheles tessellatus, head-thorax, abdomen, and midgut preparations. reactivity of the antisera with an. tessellatus and the filariasis vector, culex quinquefasciatus, were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blots. although many antigens were shared between the two species of mosquitoes, tissue- and species-specific antigens also were identified. | 1991 | 1770509 |
| anopheline fauna of parts of tirap district, arunachal pradesh with reference to malaria transmission. | in a survey on the anopheline fauna in highly malaria endemic areas of the tirap district of arunachal pradesh, 7476 anophelines belonging to 17 species were collected, including seven species of anophelines which are recognized malaria vectors in india. anopheles tessellatus and a. jamesii were recorded for the first time in this area. the parasitological survey revealed that the area was endemic for malaria particularly p. falciparum, the slide positivity rate and slide falciparum rate being 2 ... | 1992 | 1478728 |
| insecticidal activity of menthol derivatives against mosquitoes. | the insecticidal activity of essential oil of mentha piperita l. emend. huds. against local mosquitoes as disease vectors was recognized and found to be due to the presence of menthol, which is the major aroma compound of the oil. the minor compounds of the oil, i.e. menthone, beta-caryophyllene, menthyl acetate, limonene, alpha-pinene and pulegone, showed either less or no activity against the mosquitoes tested. l-menthol derivatives were synthesized and their knockdown effect and mortality wer ... | 2008 | 18095385 |
| physiological aspects of multiple blood feeding in the malaria vector anopheles tessellatus. | the malaria vector anopheles tessellatus is able to take several blood meals in a gonotrophic cycle. the fecundity is largely dependent on the first blood meal and is not generally increased by subsequent blood meals during a gonotrophic cycle. larval rearing densities influenced adult body size. there is an inverse relationship between wing length and larval rearing densities. smaller mosquitoes produced from larvae reared at higher densities had reduced body reserves of protein, lipid and carb ... | 2000 | 10802118 |
| fecundity of anopheles tessellatus reduced by the ingestion of murine anti-mosquito antibodies. | high titres of antibodies to antigens derived from head/thorax, midgut or abdomen of anopheles tessellatus were produced in inbred mice. these antibodies, when ingested in a bloodmeal, reduced the fecundity of an. tessellatus by up to 29% in different experiments. it is postulated that antibodies directed against antigens shared between the head/thorax, abdomen and midgut tissues are involved in the reduction of fecundity. | 1993 | 8435491 |
| the salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles tessellatus. | | 1974 | 4855076 |
| antigenic relationships between adult and larval anopheles tessellatus midgut glycoproteins and the midguts of other vector mosquitoes. | glycoproteins expressed on the surface of midgut (mg) epithelium and the peritrophic matrix (pm) of vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are candidate molecules for interacting with pathogens. antisera produced against anopheles tessellatus theobald female mg lectin-binding proteins (concanavalin a and wheat germ agglutinin) were used in western blots to investigate mg/pm antigenic relationships between adult and larval an. tessellatus and with the mg glycoproteins of other vector mosquitoes: ... | 2003 | 12680921 |
| juvenile hormone connects larval nutrition with target of rapamycin signaling in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | anautogenous mosquitoes require blood meals to promote egg development. if adequate nutrients are not obtained during larval development, the resulting "small" sized adult mosquitoes require multiple blood meals for egg development; markedly increasing host-vector contacts and the likelihood of disease transmission. nutrient-sensitive target of rapamycin (tor) signaling is a key signaling pathway that links elevated hemolymph amino acid levels derived from the blood meal to the expression of yol ... | 2007 | 17981294 |
| host attraction and biting behaviour of anopheles mosquitoes in south halmahera, indonesia. | indonesia is home to a variety of malaria vectors whose specific bionomic traits remain largely uncharacterized. species-specific behaviours, such as host feeding preferences, impact the dynamics of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of vector control interventions. | 2017 | 28764710 |
| molecular characterization of anopheline (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of sri lanka. | genus anopheles is a major mosquito group of interest in sri lanka as it includes vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. taxonomy of the group is mainly based on morphological features, which are not conclusive and can be easily erased while handling the specimens. a combined effort, using morphology and dna barcoding (using the markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region, was made during the present study to recognize ... | 2017 | 28578667 |